484:, leading to increased connectivity in each hemisphere. This is seen in an exaggerated form in the brains of those with ASD. There is a decrease in the Corpus Callosum in people with ASD.. Individuals with ASD were found to have widespread interconnectivity abnormalities in specific brain regions. This could explain the different results on empathy tests between men and women as well as the deficiencies in empathy seen in ASD as empathy requires several brain regions to be activated which need information from many different areas of the brain. A further example of how brain structure can influence ASD is looking at cases where the corpus callosum does not fully develop (agenesis of corpus callosum). It was found that autism is commonly diagnosed in children where the corpus callosum does not fully develop (45% of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum). A further example of brain structures relating to ASD is that children with ASD tend to have a larger
380:
the
Systemising Quotient and are negatively correlated with scores on the Empathy Quotient A new field of research has emerged to investigate the role of testosterone levels in autism. Correlational research demonstrated that elevated rates of testosterone were associated with higher rates of autistic traits, lower rates of eye contact, and higher rates of other medical conditions. Furthermore, experimental studies showed that altering testosterone levels influences the maze performance in rats, having implications for human studies. The fetal testosterone theories posit that the level of testosterone in the womb influences the development of sexually dimorphic brain structures, resulting in sex differences and autistic traits in individuals.
492:
and autistic traits found that high levels correlated with traits such as decreased eye contact. These were present in both sexes. This suggests that fetal testosterone (fT) is the cause of sex differences in the brain and that there is a link between fT levels and ASD. In general females with autism have a higher rate of medical conditions which are related to high androgen levels and both males and females with autism have higher than average androgen levels. Males have higher fT levels naturally meaning that there is less of a change required in the hormone levels to reach a point high enough to cause the developmental changes seen in autism. This is a possible cause for the male prevalence seen in autism.
6618:
6644:
6631:
603:"The idea that males are more interested in systemizing than females merits serious consideration ... It is unquestionably a novel and fascinating idea that seems likely to generate a rich empirical body of literature as its properties are tested. The second part of the theory—that females are more empathic than males—is more problematic ... Other measures, however, show that males are highly socially skilled."
36:
128:
451:
and accountants were fathers of autists, while "skilled and unskilled manual workers are less common as fathers than would be predicted". They hypothesized that this observed overrepresentation of science and accounting among autism fathers could be due to a sampling bias. Another similar finding by Baron-Cohen in
California has been referred to as the
455:, where a large portion of the population works in technical fields, and he says autism prevalence rates are ten times higher than the average of the US population. These data suggest that genetics and the environment play a role in autism prevalence, and children with technically minded parents are therefore more likely to be diagnosed with autism.
590:, which called autism a manifestation of an extreme 'male brain'—one that's 'predominantly hard-wired for understanding and building systems,' as opposed to a 'female brain,' one that's 'predominantly hard-wired for empathy'—and ended up on the wrong side of the debate on science and sex differences."
491:
These brain differences have all been shown to have an influence on social cognition and communication. High levels of fetal testosterone have also been shown to be related to behavior associated with autism, such as eye contact. Studies examining the relationship between prenatal testosterone levels
439:
Baron-Cohen says that tests of the E–S model show that twice as many females than males are Type E and twice as many males than females are Type S. 65% of people with autism spectrum conditions are
Extreme Type S. The concept of the Extreme Type E brain has been proposed; however, little research has
379:
While experience and socialization contribute to the observed sex differences in empathy and systemising, Baron-Cohen and colleagues suggest that biology also plays a role. A candidate biological factor influencing E and S is fetal testosterone (FT). FT levels are positively correlated with scores on
370:
Baron-Cohen and associates say that similar sex differences on average have been found using performance tests of empathy such as facial emotion recognition tasks and on performance tests of systemising such as measures of mechanical reasoning or 'intuitive physics'. He has also argued that these sex
443:
Apart from the research using EQ and SQ, several other similar tests also have found female and male differences and that people with autism or
Asperger syndrome on average score similarly to but more extremely than the average male. For example, the brain differences model provides a broad overview
535:
Studies found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) self-report lower levels of empathic concern, show less or absent comforting responses toward someone who is suffering, and report equal or higher levels of personal distress compared to controls. The combination of reduced empathic
450:
Baron-Cohen's research on relatives of people with
Asperger syndrome and autism found that their fathers and grandfathers are twice as likely to be engineers as the general population. A follow-up study by David A. Routh and Christopher Jarrold found disproportionate numbers of doctors, scientists,
210:
in 2002, as a reconceptualization of cognitive sex differences in the general population. This was done in an effort to understand why the cognitive difficulties in autism appeared to lie in domains in which he says on average females outperformed males, along with why cognitive strengths in autism
176:
According to Baron-Cohen, the E–S theory has been tested using the
Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemising Quotient (SQ), developed by him and colleagues, and generates five different 'brain types' depending on the presence or absence of discrepancies between their scores on E or S. E–S profiles show
458:
Another possibility has been proposed that spins the perspective of the extreme male brain. Social theorists have been investigating the concept that females have protective factors against autism by having a more developed language repertoire and more empathy skills. Female children speak earlier
349:
to themselves or others. The mind-blindness theory could explain social and communication difficulties, but could not explain other key traits of autism including unusually narrow interests and highly repetitive behaviors. Mind-blindness was later largely rejected by academia in response to strong
366:
and males on average score higher on measures of systemising. This has been found using the child and adolescent versions of the
Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemising Quotient (SQ), which are completed by parents about their child/adolescent, and on the self-report version of the EQ and SQ in
671:
As a basis for his theory, Baron-Cohen cited a study done on newborn infants in which baby boys looked longer at an object and baby girls looked longer at a person. However, Elizabeth Spelke's 2005 review of studies done with very young children found no consistent differences between boys and
392:
explanations for this sex difference. For example, he says that better empathising may improve care of children, and that better empathy may also improve women's social network which may help in various ways with the caring of children. On the other hand, he says that systemising may help males
475:
of mothers push brain development towards improved ability to see patterns and analyze complex systems while diminishing communication and empathy, emphasising "male" traits over "female", or in E–S theory terminology, emphasising "systemising" over "empathising". This theory states that fetal
696:
article published in 2011, Lizzie Buchen wrote "Some critics are also rankled by Baron-Cohen's history of headline-grabbing theories—particularly one that autism is an 'extreme male' brain state. They worry that his theory about technically minded parents may be giving the public wrong ideas,
638:
predicts that typical males will be more competitive than typical females. In contrast, research has generally shown a weak negative correlation between empathizing and systemizing. (It is worth noting that weak correlation between empathizing and systematizing would support treating them as
710:
criticized Cohen's research, arguing that he had overstated the significance of his findings, that the study on babies on which he based much of his research has not been successfully replicated, and that his studies of fetal testosterone levels have not provided evidence for his theories.
624:
Isabelle Rapin ... finds Dr. Baron-Cohen's theory "provocative" but adds that "it does not account for some of the many neurological features of the disorder, like the motor symptoms , the sleep problems or the seizures." Others worry that the term "extreme male brain" could be
547:
are often used synonymously, but due to a lack of studies comparing theory of mind with types of empathy, it is unclear whether these are equivalent. Notably, many reports on the empathic deficits of individuals with
Asperger syndrome are actually based on impairments in theory of mind.
476:
testosterone influences the development of certain structures in the brain, and that these changes relate to behavioral traits seen in those with autism. Males generally have higher levels of fetal testosterone contributing to their brain developing in that particular way.
629:
Some research in systemizing and empathizing in early life indicates that boys and girls develop in similar ways, casting doubt on the theory of sex differences in these areas. A cognitive style that more naturally opposes empathizing, which has been given the name
319:
The book has been five years in the writing, partly because he deemed its subject too politically sensitive for the 1990s, and partly because he first wanted to float his ideas about autism at scientific conferences, where he says reaction has been largely
479:
The extreme male brain theory (EMB), put forward by Baron-Cohen suggests that autistic brains show an exaggeration of the features associated with male brains. These are mainly size and connectivity with males generally having a larger brain with more
177:
that the profile E>S is more common in females than in males, and the profile S>E is more common in males than in females. Baron-Cohen and associates assert that E–S theory is a better predictor than gender of who chooses STEM subjects (
607:
Others have criticized the original EQ and SQ, which form most of the research basis behind the notions of empathising and systemising. Both measure more than one factor, and sex differences exist on only some of the factors. In a 2003
2079:
Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (2006). "Foetal testosterone and empathy: evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the "reading the mind in the eyes" test".
5208:
726:"neurotrash", and characterized his research methods as "weak". Rippon has also argued against using "male" and "female" for describing different types of brains which do not correspond to genders. Reviewing her work for
418:
Baron-Cohen and colleagues extended the E–S theory into the extreme male brain theory of autism, which hypothesizes that autism shows an extreme of the typical male profile. This theory divides people into five groups:
661:
Some critics have said that because Baron-Cohen's work has focused on higher-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders, his work requires independent replication with broader samples. In a 2003 article in
4488:
625:
misinterpreted. Males are commonly associated with "qualities such as aggression," says Helen Tager-Flusberg ... "What's dangerous is that's the inference people will make: Oh, these are extreme males."
4908:
1963:
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2007), "Chapter 16 The evolution of empathizing and systemizing: assortative mating of two strong systemizers and the cause of autism", in Dunbar, Robin I. M.; Barret, Louise (eds.),
576:
characterized it as "very disappointing" with a "superficial notion of intelligence", concluding that Baron-Cohen's major claims about mind-blindness and systemizing–empathizing are "at best, dubious".
447:
Some, but not all, studies have found that brain regions that differ in average size between males and females also differ similarly between people who have autism and those who do not have autism.
668:, Hugh Lawson-Tancred wrote "The emphasis on the ultra-maleness approach is no doubt attributable to the fact that Baron-Cohen works mainly with higher functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome."
4422:
2220:
Ingudomnukul, Erin; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. (May 2007). "Elevated rates of testosterone-related disorders in women with autism spectrum conditions".
3336:
Roeyers, Herbert; Buysse, Ann; Ponnet, Koen; Pichal, Bert (February 2001). "Advancing advanced mind-reading tests: empathic accuracy in adults with a pervasive developmental disorder".
551:
Baron-Cohen argued that psychopathy is associated with intact cognitive empathy but reduced affective empathy while ASD is associated with both reduced cognitive and affective empathy.
459:
and use language more than their male counterparts, and the lack of this skill translates into many symptoms of autism, offering another explanation for the discrepancy in prevalence.
415:
in 2003 summarizes his proposals as: "the male brain is programmed to systemize and the female brain to empathize ... Asperger's syndrome represents the extreme male brain".
3891:
5071:
642:
The 'extreme male brain' theory has also been criticized, with critics saying that the tests behind this theory are based on gender stereotypes, and not on hard science. Professor
3784:
192:
Baron-Cohen's studies and theory have been questioned on multiple grounds. The overrepresentation of engineers could depend on a socioeconomic status rather than E-S differences.
2923:
225:
in 1992, and states: "the view that men are from Mars and women Venus paints the differences between the two sexes as too extreme. The two sexes are different, but are not
2265:
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma (May 2008). "How to test the extreme male brain theory of autism in terms of foetal androgens?".
1390:
5056:
639:
independent variables, i.e., as distinct dimensions of personality, each of which may or may not correlate with an individual's biological sex or preferred gender.)
1115:
Andrew, J.; Cooke, M.; Muncer, Steven J. (April 2008). "The relationship between empathy and
Machiavellianism: an alternative to empathizing–systemizing theory".
5046:
3236:
405:
explain the increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among males in his theory known as the "extreme male brain" theory of autism. A review of his book
3299:
Gillberg, Christopher L. (July 1992). "The
Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1991 — Autism and autistic-like conditions: subclasses among disorders of empathy".
3175:
Lamm, Claus; Batson, C. Daniel; Decety, Jean (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal".
2917:
Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Frazier, Thomas W.; Piacenza, Lucia; Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Reiss, Allan L.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (3 January 2014).
539:
Studies also suggest that individuals with ASD may have impaired theory of mind, involving the ability to understand the perspectives of others. The terms
305:
964:
5489:
5346:
17:
2573:"Why size matters: Differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum"
5314:
5157:
4646:
178:
107:
46:
2513:
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Stott, Carol; Bolton, Patrick; Goodyer, Ian (July 1997). "Is there a link between engineering and autism?".
1398:
79:
3813:
2775:
Teatero, Missy L.; Netley, Charles (November 2013). "A critical review of the research on the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D)".
1897:
734:
supported Rippon's point of view, and wrote "The hunt for male and female distinctions inside the skull is a lesson in bad research practice".
4458:
3440:
86:
5259:
1678:
654:
has claimed that communication differences between genders are likely to be small. Meng-Chuan Lai, assistant professor of psychiatry at the
4559:
2125:
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Raggatt, Peter; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (March 2006). "Fetal testosterone and empathy".
2976:
Auyeung, Bonnie; Ahluwalia, Jag; Thomson, Lynn; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; O'Donnell, Kieran J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2012).
2399:
4534:
93:
4106:
3338:
3301:
1029:
1773:"The Cambridge Mindreading (CAM) Face-Voice Battery: testing complex emotion recognition in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome"
988:"Cognitive style predicts entry into physical sciences and humanities: Questionnaire and performance tests of empathy and systemizing"
689:". She also criticized some of the experimental work that Baron-Cohen cited in support of his views as being methodologically flawed.
586:
magazine, Judith Warner wrote that Baron-Cohen "most dramatically wandered into fraught territory in 2003, when he published the book
6190:
4817:
1893:"Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people"
1671:"The children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: sex differences in typical development and in autism spectrum conditions"
1669:
Auyeung, Bonnie; Wheelwright, Sally; Allison, Carrie; Atkinson, Matthew; Samarawickrema, Nelum; Baron-Cohen, Simon (November 2009).
6478:
6080:
75:
3578:
1991:
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Lombardo, Michael V.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Knickmeyer, Rebecca (June 2011).
828:
4902:
4626:
4180:
217:
1723:"The Empathy Quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or High Functioning Autism, and normal sex differences"
1431:
4483:
1117:
3085:
Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2009).
2551:
2044:
Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Chapman, Emma; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (1 November 2006).
6050:
5970:
5945:
5824:
5704:
5307:
5269:
4835:
4827:
4554:
4312:
4198:
3901:
3835:
3681:
1340:
1289:
2177:
Krieser, Nicole L.; White, Susan W. (March 2014). "ASD in females: are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis?".
987:
6170:
5378:
4659:
5950:
5875:
5802:
5778:
5726:
5213:
3921:
995:
1496:"Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: More than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting"
6676:
6610:
6562:
5581:
5334:
4886:
643:
3275:
393:
become good hunters and increase their social status by improving spatial navigation and the making and use of tools.
5990:
4208:
3384:
3177:
2497:
2050:
1973:
1258:
3610:
1088:
100:
65:
6623:
6230:
6015:
5807:
5300:
4594:
3856:
1670:
1324:
444:
of sex differences that are represented in individuals with autism, including brain structures and hormone levels.
1772:
1147:
Jarrold, Christopher; Routh, David A. (September 1998). "Is there really a link between engineering and autism?".
6225:
6205:
5918:
5663:
5371:
5366:
5339:
5126:
4802:
4676:
2679:
743:
211:
appeared to lie in domains in which on average males outperformed females. In the first chapter of his 2003 book
4853:
4599:
2978:"Prenatal versus postnatal sex steroid hormone effects on autistic traits in children at 18 to 24 months of age"
1832:
1357:
61:
6483:
6443:
6398:
6105:
5928:
5498:
5435:
4840:
4782:
4099:
488:, this is another example of being an extreme version of the male brain which generally has a larger amygdala.
3128:
Smith, Adam (December 2009). "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?".
2624:"Gender-based differences in the shape of the human corpus callosum are associated with allometric variations"
189:, which are associated in the E–S theory with below-average empathy and average or above-average systemising.
6681:
6555:
6240:
6220:
6157:
5608:
5477:
5418:
5101:
4402:
4377:
4075:
4062:
631:
154:
2309:
6403:
6175:
5995:
5618:
5586:
5494:
4942:
4772:
4336:
1314:
1191:
4797:
523:, the ability to emotionally respond to another's mental states. Affective empathy can be subdivided into
6649:
6215:
5450:
5172:
4692:
4432:
3689:
748:
650:
says the theory is based on "gross misinterpretations" of developmental data. Professor David Skuse of
345:, or developmental delay in theory of mind during childhood. Theory of mind is the ability to attribute
6110:
5980:
5960:
5739:
5484:
5187:
5061:
4859:
4812:
4318:
4203:
4170:
3086:
904:
266:
3235:
Rogers, Kimberley; Dziobek, Isabel; Hassenstab, Jason; Wolf, Oliver T.; Convit, Antonio (April 2007).
1495:
240:
discusses two different sources of inspiration for Baron-Cohen's E-S theory. The first inspiration is
6671:
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6185:
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5121:
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4544:
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4193:
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651:
170:
54:
3191:
1852:
1792:
401:
Baron-Cohen's work in systemising-empathising led him to investigate whether higher levels of fetal
169:(EQ) and Systemising Quotient (SQ) and attempts to explain the social and communication symptoms in
6423:
6307:
6180:
6000:
5933:
5795:
5768:
5623:
5398:
5361:
5086:
4330:
3974:
3632:
3450:
2622:
Bruner, Emiliano; de la Cuétara, José Manuel; Colom, Roberto; Martin-Loeches, Manuel (April 2012).
3498:
2864:
Frazier, Thomas W.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (November 2012).
1722:
864:
6587:
6428:
6294:
6120:
6100:
6090:
5905:
5885:
5756:
5744:
5734:
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5323:
5006:
4704:
4564:
4302:
389:
351:
338:
222:
50:
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354:
of autism, although some proponents in academia including Baron-Cohen existed as of March 2011.
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6276:
6245:
6137:
5923:
5860:
5613:
5532:
5051:
4744:
4580:
4386:
4165:
3627:
3186:
2919:"A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism"
2489:
1847:
1787:
3843:
634:, emphasizes self-interest and has been shown to be strongly correlated with competitiveness.
435:
Extreme Type S, whose systemising is above average but whose empathy is below average (S ≫ E).
432:
Extreme Type E, whose empathy is above average but whose systemising is below average (E ≫ S).
6686:
6572:
6535:
6433:
6342:
6337:
6312:
6040:
6020:
5870:
5790:
5763:
5694:
5462:
4654:
3618:
2222:
2127:
655:
536:
concern and increased personal distress may lead to the overall reduction of empathy in ASD.
283:
2481:
333:
Prior to the development of E-S theory, Baron-Cohen had previously proposed and studied the
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6285:
6272:
6133:
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5913:
5880:
5855:
5709:
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5537:
5356:
5066:
4937:
4468:
4011:
3748:
3713:
3541:
2444:
1906:
1038:
921:
785:
617:
426:
Type S, whose systemising is at a significantly higher level than their empathy (S > E).
423:
Type E, whose empathy is at a significantly higher level than their systemising (E > S).
3702:
Halpern, Diane F. (3 December 2010). "How neuromythologies support sex role stereotypes".
2552:"Autism and the technical mind: live chat with Simon Baron-Cohen, November 9, 10 A.M. EST"
2310:"Testing the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism: Let the data speak for themselves"
527:(self-centered feelings of discomfort and anxiety in response to another's suffering) and
8:
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6357:
6142:
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5601:
5545:
5472:
5249:
5167:
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2404:
2082:
1861:
1741:
677:
635:
565:
Empathising-Systematising theory has also been criticised, from various points of view.
501:
296:
5209:
Everybody Is Different: A Book for Young People Who Have Brothers or Sisters With Autism
4015:
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3545:
2448:
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1042:
925:
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6352:
6147:
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5576:
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5408:
5403:
5223:
5136:
5091:
5076:
4986:
3753:
3729:
3611:"Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science?: A critical review"
3421:
3314:
3267:
3212:
3153:
3113:
3057:
3030:
3006:
2977:
2958:
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2819:
2800:
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2628:
2623:
2599:
2572:
2532:
2376:
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2290:
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2202:
2152:
2107:
2021:
1992:
1937:
1892:
1891:
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27).
1873:
1813:
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1703:
1651:
1596:
1583:
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1423:
1216:
1166:
1062:
945:
429:
Type B (for balanced), whose empathy is at the same level as their systemising (E = S).
270:
262:
1204:
6643:
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6408:
6322:
6124:
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3819:
Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story
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1969:
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1295:
1285:
1254:
1208:
1170:
1054:
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937:
912:
900:
824:
803:
703:
Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story
524:
520:
510:
207:
186:
158:
3271:
3157:
3117:
2962:
2344:
2294:
2251:
2206:
2156:
1707:
1655:
1535:
949:
720:
The Gendered Brain: The new neuroscience that shatters the myth of the female brain.
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5842:
5783:
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The Gendered Brain: The new neuroscience that shatters the myth of the female brain
3721:
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2016:
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3445:
3374:
3035:
2011:
1631:
1318:
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The Essential Difference : Male and Female Brains and the Truth About Autism
1240:
1084:
1008:
702:
582:
278:
250:
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173:
as deficits and delays in empathy combined with intact or superior systemising.
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1130:
1027:
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2009). "Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) Theory".
613:
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300:
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Delusions of Gender. How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference
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3583:
3089:
Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?
2528:
1928:
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2608:
2488:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 186. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp.
2336:
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2030:
1997:
1946:
1869:
1809:
1749:
1699:
1647:
1592:
1527:
1419:
1242:
The Essential Difference. Male and Female Brains and the Truth about Autism
1212:
1058:
986:
Billington, Jac; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (4 November 2005).
941:
833:
829:"The truth about sex difference is that if men are from Mars, so are women"
807:
707:
481:
468:
402:
346:
311:
241:
5292:
3322:
1833:"Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome"
1137:
1089:"Picking Barbie™'s brain: inherent sex differences in scientific ability?"
6506:
6418:
6362:
6200:
5985:
5684:
5503:
5131:
5106:
4952:
4442:
4407:
4280:
4234:
1281:
1250:
838:
715:
686:
560:
362:
According to Baron-Cohen, females on average score higher on measures of
245:
2484:
Sex differences in the human brain, their underpinnings and implications
2064:
2045:
6453:
6448:
6165:
5900:
5440:
5177:
2577:
731:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2621:
1457:"Autism: A Specific Cognitive Disorder of & lsquo;Mind-Blindness'"
165:
thinking (E) and systematic thinking (S). It measures skills using an
6115:
4957:
4463:
4356:
3861:
2571:
Luders, Eileen; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M. (1 January 2014).
2476:
Empathizing, systemizing, and the extreme male brain theory of autism
1275:
256:
3554:
3527:
3401:
2866:"A two-year longitudinal MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism"
2457:
2430:
798:
771:
6567:
6327:
6032:
4437:
4427:
4084:
2916:
2820:"Autism traits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum"
2078:
2043:
1771:
Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hill, Jacqueline (February 2006).
1189:
Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). "The extreme male brain theory of autism".
697:
including the impression that autism is linked to being a 'geek'."
485:
162:
2355:
Ellis, Hayden D. (2005). "Book review: Baron-Cohen, Simon (2003):
2264:
2124:
1890:
1831:
Lawson, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (June 2004).
905:"Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism"
903:; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Belmonte, Matthew K. (4 November 2005).
6468:
5072:
Freaks, Geeks, and Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence
2512:
1668:
467:
The fetal testosterone theory hypothesizes that higher levels of
363:
4000:"Neurosexism: the myth that men and women have different brains"
3785:"Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong by Angela Saini – review"
2924:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
1990:
985:
383:
4127:
4115:
3823:
2357:
The essential difference: Men, women and the extreme male brain
1246:
612:
article, Robert McGough wrote about responses to the theory by
150:
3975:"How To Academy Podcast Episode 3 - The Gendered Brain Debate"
2726:"Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism"
4041:
2975:
1993:"Why are Autism Spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?"
899:
3922:"The Gendered Brain by Gina Rippon review – exposing a myth"
2863:
1830:
3234:
2673:
Frazier, Thomas W.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (15 November 2009).
647:
1502:. The Emerging Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders.
3335:
2400:"Are geeky couples more likely to have kids with autism?"
2046:"Foetal testosterone and the child systemizing quotient"
157:
originally put forward by English clinical psychologist
149:
is a controversial theory on the psychological basis of
5057:
Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome
5047:
The Accidental Teacher: Life Lessons from My Silent Son
4042:
20-Question Online EQ/SQ test (University of Cambridge)
1614:
Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (March 2011).
3376:
Zero Degrees of Empathy: A New Theory of Human Cruelty
1720:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
506:
Empathy can be subdivided into two major components:
396:
1968:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 213–226,
1721:
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (April 2004).
495:
3237:"Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome"
3029:
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (1 September 2013).
1770:
1184:
1182:
1180:
517:), the ability to understand another's mental state;
306:
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
295:. The second source of inspiration was interpreting
3814:"Chapter 1. Woman's Inferiority to Man (pp. 13—28)"
3749:"'Delusions of Gender' Peels Away Popular Theories"
3031:"Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism"
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
1613:
882:
718:criticized Baron-Cohen's theories in her 2019 book
658:, says the study results have not been replicated.
2675:"A meta-analysis of the corpus callosum in autism"
2570:
1551:"Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?"
1037:(The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009): 68–80.
965:"Half of Women Do Not Have "Female Brains" (blog)"
823:
462:
161:. It classifies individuals based on abilities in
5158:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
1824:
1616:"The role of the self in mindblindness in autism"
1320:Historical Perspectives on Erklären and Verstehen
1177:
1114:
685:pointed to Baron-Cohen's views as an example of "
341:explanation of autism as due to either a lack of
229:different that we cannot understand each other."
6663:
3174:
2163:
1399:The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
179:Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
2564:
1898:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1388:
1238:
1188:
593:In a 2003 book review published in the journal
371:differences are not only due to socialization.
3576:
2724:Anderson, Jeffrey S.; et al. (May 2011).
1966:The Oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology
1549:Mottron, Laurent; Bzdok, Danilo (2020-04-30).
60:Please review the contents of the article and
5308:
5260:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
4909:Maia Chung Autism and Disabilities Foundation
4100:
3244:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
3130:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
3098:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2870:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2824:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2777:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2774:
2672:
2267:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1958:
1956:
1840:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1780:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1730:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1679:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
1093:Journal of Interdisciplinary Feminist Thought
531:(sympathy towards others that are suffering).
384:Evolutionary explanations for sex differences
181:). The E–S theory has been extended into the
4765:
4619:
4560:Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
3366:
2818:Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (May 2013).
2560:. Vol. 307, no. 5. pp. 72–75.
2470:
2468:
2424:
2422:
2176:
1986:
1984:
1548:
1146:
1022:
1020:
1018:
325:David Adam, referring to Simon Baron-Cohen,
5322:
4535:Association for Science in Autism Treatment
3695:
3492:
3490:
3372:
3087:"Response to Smith's Letter to the Editor "
3080:
3078:
3076:
3028:
2817:
2549:
2397:
2307:
2179:Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
1962:
1454:
1273:
1026:
858:
856:
27:Theory on the psychological basis of autism
5315:
5301:
4107:
4093:
3470:
3468:
3339:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
3302:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
1953:
1082:
1030:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
971:. Mathematics and Education via WordPress.
315:regarding the publication's 2003 edition:
4818:Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
4023:
3631:
3604:
3602:
3553:
3521:
3519:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3190:
3056:
3005:
2995:
2944:
2889:
2843:
2751:
2700:
2649:
2598:
2465:
2456:
2419:
2063:
2020:
2010:
1981:
1936:
1918:
1851:
1791:
1582:
1015:
797:
765:
763:
206:E–S theory was developed by psychologist
6479:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
3579:"What little boys and girls are made of"
3528:"Scientists and autism: When geeks meet"
3487:
3406:Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
3298:
3292:
3073:
2723:
2428:
1493:
1110:
1108:
1106:
853:
772:"Scientists and autism: When geeks meet"
574:Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
233:had a second edition published in 2009.
4903:Autistic Society of Trinidad and Tobago
4627:Center for Autism and Related Disorders
4484:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
3701:
3496:
3474:
3465:
3329:
862:
273:in Germany from 1961 to 1969 where the
218:Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus
14:
6664:
3915:
3913:
3889:
3746:
3609:Spelke, Elizabeth S. (December 2005).
3608:
3599:
3525:
3516:
3477:"Is the autistic brain too masculine?"
3438:
3402:"Book review: Understanding blindness"
3223:
2543:
2398:Baron-Cohen, Simon (9 November 2012).
1118:Personality and Individual Differences
1078:
1076:
962:
769:
760:
722:Speaking in 2020, she called his book
502:Empathy § Affective and cognitive
440:been conducted on this brain profile.
388:Baron-Cohen presents several possible
244:with a number of influences including
5971:Psychological effects of Internet use
5296:
5270:Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
5028:
4836:National Database for Autism Research
4828:National Alliance for Autism Research
4726:
4555:National Alliance for Autism Research
4509:
4423:Relationship development intervention
4313:Picture exchange communication system
4251:
4088:
4076:Autism: What's Sex Got to Do with It?
4047:Online version of the EQ and SQ tests
3997:
3919:
3857:"Putting a rocket up the Google boys"
3808:
3782:
3577:Lawson-Tancred, Hugh (14 June 2003).
3432:
3127:
2479:
2391:
2354:
1391:"Autism, hypersystemizing, and truth"
1312:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1103:
374:
4660:Eden II School for Autistic Children
4114:
3747:Bouton, Katherine (23 August 2010).
3662:
3399:
3393:
3168:
2550:Baron-Cohen, Simon (November 2012).
1355:
819:
817:
568:A 2004 review of Baron-Cohen's book
155:male–female neurological differences
29:
5951:Digital media use and mental health
3910:
3499:"The extreme male brain, explained"
2429:Benenson, Joyce F. (10 July 2003).
1455:Baron-Cohen, Simon (January 1990).
1073:
996:Learning and Individual Differences
865:"The extreme male brain, explained"
397:Extreme male brain theory of autism
24:
5582:Automatic and controlled processes
4887:Autism Resource Centre (Singapore)
3955:WOW 2014 | Fighting The Neurotrash
3776:
3526:Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011).
3418:10.1023/B:PHEN.0000049328.20506.a1
3315:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x
1862:10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b
1742:10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00
1461:International Review of Psychiatry
1227:
963:Kessel, Cathy (15 November 2011).
770:Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011).
496:Cognitive versus affective empathy
267:nomothetic and idiographic methods
248:and the German separation between
25:
6703:
5991:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
4925:
4832:National Council on Severe Autism
4727:
4035:
3854:
3439:Warner, Judith (29 August 2011).
3178:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
2051:European Journal of Endocrinology
1494:Betancur, Catalina (2011-03-22).
814:
337:theory in 1990, which proposed a
6642:
6629:
6617:
6616:
6016:Mobile phones and driving safety
5214:Ian's Walk: A Story about Autism
3475:McGough, Robert (16 July 2003).
2642:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01476.x
2591:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.040
1051:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x
126:
76:"Empathising–systemising theory"
34:
5919:Computer-mediated communication
5127:Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues
4803:Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation
4677:New England Center for Children
3991:
3967:
3946:
3883:
3879:– via www.thetimes.co.uk.
3848:
3802:
3740:
3656:
3570:
3022:
2969:
2910:
2811:
2768:
2717:
2666:
2615:
2506:
2301:
2258:
2213:
2118:
2072:
2037:
1884:
1764:
1714:
1662:
1607:
1542:
1487:
1448:
1382:
1349:
1325:Springer Science+Business Media
1306:
1267:
744:Neuroscience of sex differences
463:Development of brain structures
6196:Empathising–systemising theory
5499:female intrasexual competition
5436:Evolutionarily stable strategy
5029:
4841:The Autism Community in Action
4783:Autistic Self Advocacy Network
3497:Furfaro, Hannah (1 May 2019).
2693:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022
1512:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078
979:
863:Furfaro, Hannah (1 May 2019).
521:affective or emotional empathy
215:, he discusses the bestseller
62:add the appropriate references
18:Empathizing–systemizing theory
13:
1:
6556:Standard social science model
5609:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
4595:Conditions and research areas
4403:Gluten-free, casein-free diet
4378:Auditory integration training
4252:
3783:Davis, Nicola (6 June 2017).
3400:Levy, Neil (September 2004).
3036:Brain: A Journal of Neurology
1205:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6
754:
6404:Missing heritability problem
5996:Social aspects of television
5619:Evolution of nervous systems
5587:Computational theory of mind
4943:Autism Awareness Campaign UK
4773:Autism Network International
4489:Structured teaching (TEACCH)
4337:Cognitive behavioral therapy
2474:Baron-Cohen, Simon (2010), "
2012:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081
1632:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.006
1323:. Archimedes. Vol. 21.
1192:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1009:10.1016/j.lindif.2007.02.004
554:
291:disagreed on how to conduct
7:
6650:Evolutionary biology portal
4510:
4433:Sensory integration therapy
3890:Rippon, Gina (2019-02-28).
3373:Baron-Cohen, Simon (2011).
2937:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010
2480:Savic, Ivanka, ed. (2010).
2308:Baron-Cohen, Simon (2005).
2236:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001
2141:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.010
1620:Consciousness and Cognition
1313:Feest, Uljana, ed. (2009).
1274:Baron-Cohen, Simon (2009).
749:The NeuroGenderings Network
737:
357:
185:(EMB) theory of autism and
47:reliable medical references
10:
6708:
6611:Evolutionary psychologists
6484:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
6399:Human–animal communication
6111:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
5961:Imprinted brain hypothesis
5929:Human–computer interaction
4860:Domus Instituto de Autismo
4813:Interactive Autism Network
4319:Pivotal response treatment
4171:World Autism Awareness Day
4025:10.1038/d41586-019-00677-x
3998:Eliot, Lise (2019-02-27).
3920:Guest, Katy (2019-03-02).
3674:W. W. Norton & Company
3642:10.1037/0003-066X.60.9.950
1356:Adam, David (2003-05-16).
1131:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.014
558:
499:
199:
195:
6677:Sex differences in humans
6605:
6531:Environmental determinism
6502:Cultural selection theory
6494:
6389:Evolutionary epistemology
6376:
6303:evolutionary neuroscience
6265:
6258:
6156:
6031:
5976:Rank theory of depression
5899:
5823:
5725:
5531:
5524:
5478:Parent–offspring conflict
5387:
5330:
5237:
5219:Marcelo in the Real World
5201:
5150:
5039:
5035:
5024:
4999:
4976:
4963:National Autistic Society
4918:
4895:
4873:
4849:
4798:Centro Ponceño de Autismo
4788:Autism Society of America
4778:Autism Science Foundation
4758:
4737:
4733:
4722:
4645:
4612:
4590:
4573:
4550:Kennedy Krieger Institute
4545:Autism Science Foundation
4540:Autism Research Institute
4527:
4520:
4516:
4505:
4451:
4413:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
4398:Facilitated communication
4370:
4349:
4324:Positive behavior support
4297:Applied behavior analysis
4289:
4265:Psychotropic medication (
4264:
4260:
4247:
4243:
4222:
4194:Autism in popular culture
4179:
4148:
4123:
3256:10.1007/s10803-006-0197-8
3201:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.42
3142:10.1007/s10803-009-0799-z
3110:10.1007/s10803-009-0800-x
2882:10.1007/s10803-012-1478-z
2836:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2
2789:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6
2373:10.1080/13546800344000273
2361:Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
2329:10.1080/13546800344000336
2317:Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
2279:10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y
2191:10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9
2096:10.1080/17470910600992239
1802:10.1007/s10803-005-0057-y
1692:10.1007/s10803-009-0772-x
1567:10.1038/s41380-020-0748-y
1473:10.3109/09540269009028274
1412:10.1080/17470210701508749
1333:10.1007/978-90-481-3540-0
652:University College London
453:Silicon Valley phenomenon
339:homogenous (single-cause)
171:autism spectrum disorders
53:or relies too heavily on
6424:Cultural group selection
6308:Biocultural anthropology
6001:Societal impacts of cars
5934:Media naturalness theory
5624:Fight-or-flight response
5087:Like Colour to the Blind
4693:Sunfield Children's Home
4331:Early Start Denver Model
2529:10.1177/1362361397011010
1389:Baron-Cohen, S. (2008).
1239:Baron-Cohen, S. (2003).
1163:10.1177/1362361398023006
724:The Essential Difference
588:The Essential Difference
570:The Essential Difference
407:The Essential Difference
238:The Essential Difference
231:The Essential Difference
213:The Essential Difference
6624:Evolutionary psychology
6588:Sociocultural evolution
6429:Dual inheritance theory
5886:Personality development
5347:Theoretical foundations
5324:Evolutionary psychology
5062:Autism's False Prophets
5007:Luke Priddis Foundation
4705:Western Autistic School
4565:Yale Child Study Center
4303:Discrete trial training
4063:They just can't help it
3726:10.1126/science.1198057
3352:10.1111/1469-7610.00718
1920:10.1073/pnas.1811032115
934:10.1126/science.1115455
599:, Joyce Benenson wrote:
390:evolutionary psychology
269:. This was part of the
139:empathising–systemising
6546:Social constructionism
6541:Psychological nativism
6516:Biological determinism
6464:Recent human evolution
6459:Punctuated equilibrium
6282:Behavioral epigenetics
6277:evolutionary economics
6246:Variability hypothesis
6191:Emotional intelligence
5924:Engineering psychology
5614:Evolution of the brain
5052:Animals in Translation
4745:Autism rights movement
4581:Autism Research Centre
4387:Judge Rotenberg Center
4342:Social skills training
4166:Communication Shutdown
3379:. London: Penguin UK.
2997:10.1186/2040-2392-3-17
969:mathedck.wordpress.com
627:
605:
331:
6573:Multilineal evolution
6536:Nature versus nurture
6495:Theoretical positions
6343:Functional psychology
6338:Evolutionary medicine
6313:Biological psychiatry
6021:Texting while driving
6011:Lead–crime hypothesis
5871:Cognitive development
5856:Caregiver deprivation
5367:Gene selection theory
4905:(Trinidad and Tobago)
4655:Alpine Learning Group
4061:Baron-Cohen, Simon —
4051:Baron-Cohen, Simon —
3619:American Psychologist
2744:10.1093/cercor/bhq190
2680:Biological Psychiatry
2223:Hormones and Behavior
2128:Hormones and Behavior
1315:"Contents (pp. v—vi)"
706:, science journalist
656:University of Toronto
622:
601:
580:In a 2011 article in
317:
284:Geisteswissenschaften
6682:Personality theories
6526:Cultural determinism
6333:Evolutionary biology
6318:Cognitive psychology
6266:Academic disciplines
5914:Cognitive ergonomics
5881:Language acquisition
5861:Childhood attachment
5674:Wason selection task
5568:Behavioral modernity
5357:Cognitive revolution
5340:Evolutionary thought
5067:Extreme Love: Autism
4938:The Autism Directory
4469:Occupational therapy
4393:Chelation of mercury
4199:Fictional characters
3441:"Autism's lone wolf"
3049:10.1093/brain/awt216
1555:Molecular Psychiatry
827:(14 November 2010).
618:Helen Tager-Flusberg
289:Naturwissenschaften)
236:The 2003 edition of
6593:Unilineal evolution
6358:Population genetics
6143:Sexy son hypothesis
6081:Hormonal motivation
6061:Concealed ovulation
5602:Dual process theory
5473:Parental investment
5250:Autism in Adulthood
4854:Centro Ann Sullivan
4016:2019Natur.566..453E
3718:2010Sci...330.1320H
3712:(6009): 1320–1321.
3546:2011Natur.479...25B
3481:Wall Street Journal
2557:Scientific American
2449:2003Natur.424..132B
2405:Scientific American
2083:Social Neuroscience
2065:10.1530/eje.1.02260
1911:2018PNAS..11512152G
1905:(48): 12152–12157.
1043:2009NYASA1156...68B
926:2005Sci...310..819B
790:2011Natur.479...25B
678:Delusions of Gender
636:Evolutionary theory
610:Wall Street Journal
297:gender essentialism
6551:Social determinism
6434:Fisher's principle
6394:Great ape language
6384:Cultural evolution
6353:Philosophy of mind
6186:Division of labour
6148:Westermarck effect
6096:Mating preferences
6006:Distracted driving
5740:Literary criticism
5597:Domain specificity
5577:modularity of mind
5224:Rage: A Love Story
5202:For younger people
5188:The Winter Journey
5122:Somebody Somewhere
5092:Look Me in the Eye
5077:In a Different Key
4987:Aspies For Freedom
4204:Films about autism
4056:The New York Times
4053:The Male Condition
3754:The New York Times
3666:(30 August 2010).
3453:on August 19, 2011
2629:Journal of Anatomy
2431:"Sex on the brain"
901:Baron-Cohen, Simon
825:Bunting, Madeleine
375:Fetal testosterone
271:positivism dispute
263:Wilhelm Windelband
183:extreme male brain
6659:
6658:
6637:Psychology portal
6601:
6600:
6444:Hologenome theory
6414:Unit of selection
6409:Primate cognition
6323:Cognitive science
6254:
6253:
6125:Sexual attraction
6101:Mating strategies
5866:Cinderella effect
5796:Moral foundations
5700:Visual perception
5592:Domain generality
5561:Facial expression
5509:Sexual dimorphism
5468:Natural selection
5414:Hamiltonian spite
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5117:The Reason I Jump
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
4995:
4994:
4881:Action for Autism
4869:
4868:
4808:Generation Rescue
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4671:Exceptional Minds
4641:
4640:
4608:
4607:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4209:Circle of Friends
4010:(7745): 453–454.
3903:978-1-4735-4897-8
3837:978-0-8070-7170-0
3683:978-0-393-07925-8
3672:. New York City:
3136:(12): 1747–1748.
3104:(12): 1749–1754.
2876:(11): 2312–2322.
2783:(11): 2664–2676.
2443:(6945): 132–133.
2058:(s1): S123–S130.
1686:(11): 1509–1521.
1561:(12): 3178–3185.
1342:978-9-048-13540-0
1291:978-0-7867-4031-4
920:(5749): 819–823.
730:, neuroscientist
700:In her 2017 book
675:In her 2010 book
541:cognitive empathy
525:personal distress
511:cognitive empathy
350:evidence for the
208:Simon Baron-Cohen
187:Asperger syndrome
159:Simon Baron-Cohen
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6699:
6672:Causes of autism
6646:
6633:
6620:
6619:
6263:
6262:
6259:Related subjects
6046:Adult attachment
5573:Cognitive module
5529:
5528:
5516:Social selection
5490:Costly signaling
5485:Sexual selection
5372:Modern synthesis
5317:
5310:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5265:Molecular Autism
5102:My Autobiography
5037:
5036:
5026:
5025:
4923:
4922:
4763:
4762:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4699:TreeHouse School
4682:Pathlight School
4617:
4616:
4525:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4507:
4506:
4383:Aversion therapy
4262:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4230:Sensory friendly
4109:
4102:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4081:, 1 January 2004
4079:Psychology Today
4030:
4029:
4027:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3896:. Random House.
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3852:
3846:
3841:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3635:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3449:. Archived from
3436:
3430:
3429:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3274:. Archived from
3241:
3232:
3221:
3220:
3194:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3121:
3095:
3082:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3043:(9): 2799–2815.
3026:
3020:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2983:Molecular Autism
2973:
2967:
2966:
2948:
2914:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2857:
2847:
2830:(5): 1106–1118.
2815:
2809:
2808:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2738:(5): 1134–1146.
2721:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2487:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2395:
2389:
2384:
2348:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2005:(6): e10011081.
1988:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1922:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1855:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1795:
1777:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1727:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1430:. Archived from
1395:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1245:(1st ed.).
1236:
1225:
1224:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1125:(5): 1203–1211.
1112:
1101:
1100:
1085:Grossi, Giordana
1080:
1071:
1070:
1024:
1013:
1012:
992:
983:
977:
972:
953:
909:
897:
880:
879:
877:
875:
860:
851:
850:
848:
846:
821:
812:
811:
801:
767:
632:Machiavellianism
572:by Neil Levy in
529:empathic concern
329:
301:Charles Darwin's
279:natural sciences
167:Empathy Quotient
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6597:
6583:Neoevolutionism
6490:
6474:Species complex
6439:Group selection
6377:Research topics
6372:
6348:Neuropsychology
6250:
6236:Substance abuse
6158:Sex differences
6152:
6066:Coolidge effect
6027:
5939:Neuroergonomics
5904:
5895:
5819:
5721:
5655:Folk psychology
5536:
5520:
5390:
5383:
5326:
5321:
5291:
5274:
5255:Autism Research
5233:
5197:
5146:
5142:Unstrange Minds
5097:Mother Warriors
5031:
5012:
4991:
4972:
4914:
4891:
4865:
4845:
4823:LENA Foundation
4754:
4729:
4710:
4637:
4604:
4586:
4569:
4512:
4493:
4459:ADHD medication
4447:
4418:Holding therapy
4366:
4345:
4285:
4256:
4239:
4218:
4175:
4156:Autism-friendly
4144:
4119:
4113:
4068:, 17 April 2003
4058:, 8 August 2005
4038:
4033:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3938:
3936:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3888:
3884:
3875:
3873:
3855:Saini, Angela.
3853:
3849:
3838:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3745:
3741:
3700:
3696:
3684:
3661:
3657:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3575:
3571:
3555:10.1038/479025a
3540:(7371): 25–27.
3524:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3495:
3488:
3473:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3437:
3433:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3371:
3367:
3334:
3330:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3239:
3233:
3224:
3192:10.1.1.511.3950
3173:
3169:
3093:
3083:
3074:
3027:
3023:
2974:
2970:
2915:
2911:
2816:
2812:
2773:
2769:
2731:Cerebral Cortex
2722:
2718:
2687:(10): 935–941.
2671:
2667:
2620:
2616:
2569:
2565:
2548:
2544:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2473:
2466:
2458:10.1038/424132b
2427:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2263:
2259:
2218:
2214:
2175:
2164:
2123:
2119:
2077:
2073:
2042:
2038:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1961:
1954:
1889:
1885:
1853:10.1.1.556.8339
1835:
1829:
1825:
1793:10.1.1.654.9979
1775:
1769:
1765:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1612:
1608:
1547:
1543:
1492:
1488:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1311:
1307:
1292:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1237:
1228:
1187:
1178:
1145:
1138:
1113:
1104:
1081:
1074:
1025:
1016:
990:
984:
980:
907:
898:
883:
873:
871:
861:
854:
844:
842:
822:
815:
799:10.1038/479025a
784:(7371): 25–27.
768:
761:
757:
740:
714:Neuroscientist
563:
557:
504:
498:
465:
399:
386:
377:
360:
330:
324:
309:. According to
242:epistemological
204:
198:
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6705:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6640:
6627:
6614:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6504:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6288:
6279:
6269:
6267:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6127:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:Mind-blindness
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5910:
5908:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5731:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5661:
5659:theory of mind
5652:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5542:
5540:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5492:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5426:Baldwin effect
5423:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5297:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5193:With the Light
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Nobody Nowhere
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5082:Life, Animated
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4981:Specialisterne
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4906:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4688:Rebecca School
4685:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4633:MIND Institute
4630:
4623:
4621:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4575:
4574:United Kingdom
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4513:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Speech therapy
4476:
4474:Social Stories
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
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4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4267:antipsychotics
4258:
4257:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4223:Accommodations
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4214:Neurodiversity
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4072:Kunzig, Robert
4069:
4059:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4036:External links
4034:
4032:
4031:
3990:
3979:How To Academy
3966:
3945:
3909:
3902:
3882:
3847:
3836:
3801:
3775:
3739:
3694:
3682:
3664:Fine, Cordelia
3655:
3633:10.1.1.69.5544
3626:(9): 950–958.
3598:
3569:
3515:
3486:
3464:
3431:
3412:(3): 315–324.
3392:
3385:
3365:
3346:(2): 271–278.
3328:
3309:(5): 813–842.
3291:
3250:(4): 709–715.
3222:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3072:
3021:
2968:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2810:
2767:
2716:
2665:
2636:(4): 417–421.
2614:
2563:
2542:
2523:(1): 101–109.
2505:
2498:
2464:
2418:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2300:
2273:(5): 995–996.
2257:
2230:(5): 597–604.
2212:
2162:
2135:(3): 282–292.
2117:
2090:(2): 135–148.
2071:
2036:
1980:
1974:
1952:
1883:
1846:(3): 301–310.
1823:
1786:(2): 169–183.
1763:
1736:(2): 163–175.
1713:
1661:
1626:(1): 130–140.
1606:
1541:
1500:Brain Research
1486:
1447:
1381:
1358:"His 'n' hers"
1348:
1341:
1305:
1290:
1266:
1259:
1226:
1199:(6): 248–254.
1176:
1157:(3): 281–289.
1136:
1102:
1083:Nash, Alison;
1072:
1014:
1003:(3): 260–268.
978:
976:
975:
974:
973:
881:
852:
813:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
746:
739:
736:
644:Catherine Lord
614:Isabelle Rapin
556:
553:
545:theory of mind
533:
532:
518:
497:
494:
473:amniotic fluid
464:
461:
437:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
398:
395:
385:
382:
376:
373:
359:
356:
343:theory of mind
335:mind-blindness
322:
293:social science
275:human sciences
202:Mind-blindness
197:
194:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6704:
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6612:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6578:Neo-Darwinism
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6563:Functionalism
6561:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6521:Connectionism
6519:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6511:indeterminism
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
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6407:
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6280:
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6268:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6231:Schizophrenia
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6216:Mental health
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
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6199:
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6128:
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6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Mate guarding
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Age disparity
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Schizophrenia
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
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5927:
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5922:
5920:
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5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5906:Mental health
5902:
5901:Human factors
5898:
5892:
5891:Socialization
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5851:paternal bond
5848:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
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5801:
5797:
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5792:
5789:
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5753:
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5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5716:
5715:Naïve physics
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5681:Motor control
5679:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5639:Ophidiophobia
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Arachnophobia
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Display rules
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5517:
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5510:
5507:
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5502:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Kin selection
5456:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
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5386:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5352:Adaptationism
5350:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5318:
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5299:
5298:
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5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
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5200:
5194:
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5186:
5184:
5183:Speed of Dark
5181:
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5171:
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5159:
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5155:
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4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Autism Anglia
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4907:
4904:
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4898:
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4809:
4806:
4804:
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4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Autism Speaks
4791:
4789:
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4779:
4776:
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4771:
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4766:United States
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4757:
4751:
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4738:International
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4728:Organizations
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4721:
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4703:
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4620:United States
4618:
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4528:United States
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4504:
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4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:Controversial
4369:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:Developmental
4348:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
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4190:
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4162:
4161:Autism Sunday
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3845:
3839:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3810:Saini, Angela
3805:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3764:
3760:
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3586:
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3584:The Spectator
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3500:
3493:
3491:
3483:. p. B1.
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3386:9780713997910
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3345:
3341:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3281:on 2015-07-16
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512:
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344:
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303:seminal book
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72:Find sources:
67:
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43:This article
41:
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6687:Neuroscience
6648:
6635:
6622:
6609:
6368:Sociobiology
6226:Neuroscience
6206:Intelligence
6195:
5752:Anthropology
5705:Color vision
5690:Multitasking
5669:Flynn effect
5664:Intelligence
5646:Folk biology
5389:Evolutionary
4948:Autism Cymru
4750:Wrong Planet
4665:ESPA College
4361:PLAY Project
4276:Aripiprazole
4189:Autistic art
4078:
4066:The Guardian
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3926:The Guardian
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3789:The Guardian
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3766:. Retrieved
3752:
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3589:. Retrieved
3587:. p. 67
3582:
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3506:. Retrieved
3502:
3480:
3455:. Retrieved
3451:the original
3444:
3434:
3409:
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3276:the original
3247:
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2403:
2393:
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2364:
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2323:(1): 77–81.
2320:
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1998:PLOS Biology
1996:
1965:
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1464:
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1432:the original
1406:(1): 64–75.
1403:
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1362:The Guardian
1361:
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868:
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834:The Guardian
832:
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708:Angela Saini
701:
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482:white matter
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469:testosterone
466:
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403:testosterone
400:
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142:
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90:
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51:verification
44:
6507:Determinism
6419:Coevolution
6363:Primatology
6201:Gender role
6106:Orientation
5986:Screen time
5843:Affectional
5825:Development
5504:Mate choice
5431:By-products
5399:Adaptations
5362:Cognitivism
5173:Mockingbird
5168:House Rules
5137:Switched On
5132:Strange Son
5107:NeuroTribes
5040:Non-fiction
5009:(Australia)
4953:Autism Plus
4707:(Australia)
4684:(Singapore)
4600:Researchers
4443:Vitamin B12
4408:Hug machine
4281:Risperidone
4235:KultureCity
3591:29 December
3457:28 December
2931:: 124–128.
2585:: 820–824.
2411:28 December
1282:Basic Books
1251:Basic Books
839:Kings Place
716:Gina Rippon
687:neurosexism
561:Neurosexism
320:supportive.
246:historicism
45:needs more
6666:Categories
6454:Population
6449:Lamarckism
6295:behavioral
6273:Behavioral
6221:Narcissism
6166:Aggression
5956:Hypophobia
5946:Depression
5833:Attachment
5815:Universals
5779:Psychology
5757:Biological
5745:Musicology
5735:Aesthetics
5634:Basophobia
5441:Exaptation
5419:Reciprocal
5178:Saving Max
5030:Literature
4290:Behavioral
3984:2020-01-02
3961:2020-01-02
3939:2020-01-02
3876:2021-07-10
3285:2015-07-10
3124:See also:
2860:See also:
2578:NeuroImage
2351:See also:
1441:2009-06-09
1375:2022-04-26
845:January 3,
755:References
732:Lise Eliot
559:See also:
500:See also:
200:See also:
117:April 2015
87:newspapers
6299:cognitive
6291:Affective
6176:Cognition
6130:Sexuality
6116:Pair bond
5876:Education
5533:Cognition
5451:Inclusive
5391:processes
5379:Criticism
5163:Dear John
4983:(Denmark)
4958:Autistica
4911:(Jamaica)
4896:Caribbean
4464:Melatonin
4357:Floortime
4254:Therapies
4149:Awareness
4118:resources
3934:0261-3077
3871:0140-0460
3862:The Times
3763:0362-4331
3734:178308134
3628:CiteSeerX
3426:145491944
3187:CiteSeerX
2990:(1): 17.
2537:145375886
2381:218577642
1929:0027-8424
1848:CiteSeerX
1788:CiteSeerX
1640:1053-8100
1601:216649632
1575:1359-4184
1520:0006-8993
1506:: 42–77.
1481:0954-0261
1370:0261-3077
1300:815384349
1171:145486904
555:Criticism
257:verstehen
223:John Gray
6568:Memetics
6328:Ethology
6286:genetics
6121:Physical
6086:Jealousy
6041:Activity
5847:maternal
5803:Religion
5791:Morality
5769:Language
5650:taxonomy
5463:Mismatch
5409:Cheating
5404:Altruism
5238:Journals
4862:(Mexico)
4759:Americas
4521:Research
4438:Son-Rise
4428:Secretin
3812:(2017).
3794:16 March
3768:16 March
3650:16366817
3564:22051657
3503:Spectrum
3360:11280423
3272:13999363
3264:16906462
3209:17214562
3158:13290717
3150:19572192
3118:42834991
3067:23935125
3016:23231861
2963:35129120
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2797:23575643
2762:20943668
2711:19748080
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2252:32291065
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2207:23881206
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2149:16226265
2104:18633782
2031:21695109
1947:30420503
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1750:15162935
1708:15240580
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1656:18514954
1648:20932779
1593:32355335
1536:41429306
1528:21129364
1420:18038339
1213:12039606
1087:(2007).
1059:19338503
950:44330420
942:16272115
869:Spectrum
841:, London
808:22051657
738:See also
486:amygdala
367:adults.
358:Research
323:—
251:erklären
163:empathic
6692:Empathy
6469:Species
6241:Suicide
6076:Fantasy
6056:Arousal
5838:Bonding
5727:Culture
5551:Display
5538:Emotion
5446:Fitness
5335:History
5151:Fiction
5000:Oceania
4883:(India)
4647:Schools
4613:Therapy
4511:Centers
4452:Related
4181:Culture
4138:history
4133:outline
4012:Bibcode
3844:Darwin.
3714:Bibcode
3705:Science
3542:Bibcode
3323:1634591
3217:2828843
3058:3754459
3007:3554559
2946:8655120
2891:4384817
2845:3625480
2805:5165487
2753:3077433
2702:2783565
2651:3375777
2600:3867125
2445:Bibcode
2112:6713869
2022:3114757
1938:6275492
1907:Bibcode
1878:6087625
1818:2650204
1758:2663853
1584:7714694
1221:8098723
1099:(1): 5.
1067:1440395
1039:Bibcode
922:Bibcode
913:Science
786:Bibcode
672:girls.
471:in the
364:empathy
196:History
101:scholar
66:removed
6647:
6634:
6621:
6211:Memory
6171:Autism
6138:female
6071:Desire
5808:Origin
5784:Speech
5774:Origin
5546:Affect
5245:Autism
4919:Europe
4856:(Peru)
4629:(CARD)
4333:(ESDM)
4315:(PECS)
4307:Lovaas
4299:(ABA)
4128:Autism
4116:Autism
4004:Nature
3932:
3900:
3869:
3834:
3824:Boston
3761:
3732:
3690:Quotes
3680:
3648:
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2436:Nature
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1247:Newick
1219:
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1169:
1150:Autism
1065:
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940:
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777:Nature
728:Nature
694:Nature
596:Nature
412:Nature
261:which
151:autism
147:theory
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
6181:Crime
5764:Crime
5695:Sleep
5685:skill
5525:Areas
5229:Rules
4968:Sacar
4673:(USA)
4339:(CBT)
3730:S2CID
3614:(PDF)
3508:8 May
3422:S2CID
3279:(PDF)
3268:S2CID
3240:(PDF)
3213:S2CID
3154:S2CID
3114:S2CID
3094:(PDF)
2959:S2CID
2801:S2CID
2533:S2CID
2377:S2CID
2341:S2CID
2313:(PDF)
2291:S2CID
2248:S2CID
2203:S2CID
2153:S2CID
2108:S2CID
1874:S2CID
1836:(PDF)
1814:S2CID
1776:(PDF)
1754:S2CID
1726:(PDF)
1704:S2CID
1674:(PDF)
1652:S2CID
1597:S2CID
1532:S2CID
1435:(PDF)
1424:S2CID
1394:(PDF)
1217:S2CID
1167:S2CID
1063:S2CID
991:(PDF)
946:S2CID
908:(PDF)
874:8 May
692:In a
299:from
108:JSTOR
94:books
6134:male
5495:Male
4874:Asia
4701:(UK)
4695:(UK)
4667:(UK)
4583:(UK)
3930:ISSN
3898:ISBN
3867:ISSN
3832:ISBN
3796:2018
3770:2018
3759:ISSN
3678:ISBN
3646:PMID
3593:2013
3560:PMID
3510:2019
3459:2013
3446:Time
3381:ISBN
3356:PMID
3319:PMID
3260:PMID
3205:PMID
3146:PMID
3063:PMID
3012:PMID
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2896:PMID
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2793:PMID
2758:PMID
2707:PMID
2656:PMID
2605:PMID
2494:ISBN
2413:2013
2333:PMID
2283:PMID
2240:PMID
2195:PMID
2145:PMID
2100:PMID
2027:PMID
1970:ISBN
1943:PMID
1925:ISSN
1866:PMID
1806:PMID
1746:PMID
1696:PMID
1644:PMID
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