283:
31:
47:
907:
922:
1097:
810:
cultures and remains an enigma as it transitionally has no clear
African progenitor. This has led some scholars to conclude that the Emiran is
1301:
1286:
1070:"Exploring "the great wilderness of prehistory": The chronology of the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic transition in the northern Levant"
1296:
1281:
36:
1291:
838:, first identified in the Emiran culture. Numerous stone blade tools were used, including curved knives similar to those found in the
1306:
963:
Rose, Jeffrey I.; Marks, Anthony E. (2014). ""Out of Arabia" and the Middle-Upper
Palaeolithic transition in the Southern Levant".
196:
30:
1311:
754:
545:
1197:
564:
1266:
1234:
1207:
1180:
834:-Mousterian, together with the locally typical Emireh point. The Emireh point is the type tool of stage one of the
711:
1051:"Through a prism of paradigms: a century of research into the origins of the Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant"
818:, at older sites like Taramsa 1 in Egypt, "which contains modern human remains dated to 75,000 years ago".
287:
992:"New chronology for Ksâr 'Akil (Lebanon) supports Levantine route of modern human dispersal into Europe"
814:
to the Levant. However, some argue that it reflects broader technological trends observed earlier in
747:
477:
389:
1257:. Siglo XXI Editores, 1970 (reviewed and corrected in 1994) (original German edition, 1966, titled
649:
184:
282:
1224:
1170:
906:
938:
881:
850:
704:
526:
508:
274:
1003:
740:
8:
831:
624:
502:
1007:
314:
1121:
1092:
1026:
991:
869:
799:
779:
636:
405:
839:
558:
16:
Culture that existed in the Levant and Arabia between the last two
Paleolithic periods
1262:
1230:
1203:
1176:
1126:
1031:
921:
835:
807:
803:
668:
642:
594:
457:
371:
327:
234:
74:
1316:
1116:
1106:
1021:
1011:
972:
691:
532:
483:
468:
416:
344:
340:
1145:
618:
514:
142:
133:
1321:
996:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
865:
673:
662:
582:
1275:
943:
717:
679:
606:
175:
111:
1111:
1016:
1130:
1035:
815:
54:
1147:
Inventory of Stone-Age sites in
Lebanon, p. 48 & Figure IV, 4, p. 150
889:
858:
612:
570:
302:
96:
1055:
In "Modes de contacts et de déplacements au Paléolithique
Eurasiatique"
827:
730:
588:
552:
425:
383:
266:
252:
83:
913:
897:
656:
600:
576:
437:
365:
65:
976:
1069:
1050:
893:
854:
846:
697:
685:
538:
496:
310:
270:
122:
775:
630:
520:
443:
431:
377:
359:
353:
256:
1226:
Stone Tools in the
Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
1172:
Stone Tools in the
Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
885:
795:
791:
787:
771:
291:
224:
220:
151:
888:, is a type of blade technology very similar to the European
783:
1143:
983:
811:
1137:
830:without rupture, keeping numerous elements of the
826:Emiran culture may have developed from the local
1273:
1229:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–155.
868:, the Emireh point, known from several sites in
857:), still of Levalloise tradition but with some
1074:Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte
748:
1196:Binford, Sally R.; Binford, Lewis Roberts.
1175:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
892:, following chronologically the Emiran and
1195:
755:
741:
1255:Historia Universal siglo XXI. Prehistoria
1120:
1110:
1090:
1025:
1015:
962:
281:
1144:Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965).
1093:"The spread of modern humans in Europe"
845:The Emiran eventually evolved into the
806:periods. It is the oldest known of the
1274:
990:Bosch, Marjolein D. (April 30, 2015).
182:
63:
1080:: 11–40 – via www.academia.edu.
1067:
1048:
989:
131:
120:
109:
72:
52:
1302:Archaeological cultures in Palestine
1287:Archaeological cultures of West Asia
1222:
1168:
872:, is the hallmark of this culture.
173:
158:
81:
149:
140:
94:
34:
13:
1297:Archaeological cultures in Lebanon
1282:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Asia
1247:
1216:
770:was a culture that existed in the
565:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
14:
1333:
1292:Archaeological cultures in Israel
201:Emiran and contemporary cultures
1307:Archaeological cultures in Syria
920:
905:
875:
821:
45:
29:
900:, and closely related to them.
1253:M. H. Alimen and M. J. Steve,
1199:Archeology in Cultural Systems
1189:
1162:
1084:
1061:
1042:
956:
46:
1:
1312:Prehistory of the Middle East
1057:– via www.academia.edu.
949:
464:
412:
334:
202:
1049:Marks, Anthony; Rose, Jeff.
244:about 60,000–40,000 cal B.P.
7:
932:
842:culture of Western Europe.
10:
1338:
1202:. Transaction Publishers.
1212:– via Google Books.
853:culture (formerly called
478:Initial Upper Paleolithic
262:
248:
240:
230:
216:
24:
1091:Hoffecker, John (2009).
1068:Douka, Katerina (2013).
896:in the same area of the
290:from Africa through the
1150:. Imprimerie Catholique
1112:10.1073/pnas.0903446106
1017:10.1073/pnas.1501529112
206: 50,000-40,000 BP
1223:Shea, John J. (2013).
1169:Shea, John J. (2013).
295:
939:Archaeology of Israel
882:Levantine Aurignacian
851:Levantine Aurignacian
285:
275:Levantine Aurignacian
197:class=notpageimage|
1105:(38): 16040–16045.
1008:2015PNAS..112.7683B
288:early modern humans
21:
800:Middle Paleolithic
406:Middle Paleolithic
296:
217:Geographical range
87:Mousterian culture
19:
1002:(25): 7683–7688.
836:Upper Paleolithic
808:Upper Paleolithic
804:Upper Paleolithic
765:
764:
458:Upper Paleolithic
328:Lower Paleolithic
280:
279:
235:Upper Paleolithic
1329:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1019:
987:
981:
980:
960:
924:
909:
849:, and later the
757:
750:
743:
484:Fertile Crescent
472:
466:
420:
414:
348:
339:
336:
298:
297:
207:
204:
191:
189:
180:
178:
171:
169:
156:
154:
147:
145:
138:
136:
129:
127:
118:
116:
107:
105:
92:
90:
79:
77:
70:
68:
61:
59:
49:
48:
41:
39:
38:50,000~40,000 BP
33:
22:
18:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1272:
1271:
1250:
1248:Further reading
1245:
1244:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1089:
1085:
1066:
1062:
1047:
1043:
988:
984:
977:10.7485/qu61_03
961:
957:
952:
935:
928:
925:
916:
910:
878:
840:Châtelperronian
824:
761:
724:
723:
579:(41,000-37,000)
559:Châtelperronian
473:
462:
460:
450:
449:
421:
410:
408:
398:
397:
368:(1.76–0.13 Ma)
349:
337:
332:
330:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
205:
199:
193:
192:
187:
185:
183:
181:
176:
174:
172:
165:
161:
159:
157:
152:
150:
148:
143:
141:
139:
134:
132:
130:
125:
123:
121:
119:
114:
112:
110:
108:
101:
97:
95:
93:
84:
82:
80:
75:
73:
71:
66:
64:
62:
57:
55:
53:
51:
50:
42:
37:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1270:
1269:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1215:
1208:
1188:
1181:
1161:
1136:
1083:
1060:
1041:
982:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
941:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
919:
917:
911:
904:
894:Early Ahmarian
877:
874:
866:Dorothy Garrod
823:
820:
798:) between the
768:Emiran culture
763:
762:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
734:
733:
726:
725:
722:
721:
715:
702:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
666:
663:Iberomaurusian
660:
647:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
621:(15.5–13.1 ka)
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
543:
542:
541:(12.2–10.8 ka)
536:
535:(14.5–11.5 ka)
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
481:
480:
474:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
441:
435:
429:
422:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
387:
381:
375:
363:
357:
350:
326:
325:
322:
321:
306:
305:
278:
277:
264:
260:
259:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
218:
214:
213:
200:
195:
194:
44:
43:
28:
27:
26:
25:
20:Emiran culture
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:84-323-0034-9
1264:
1260:
1259:Vorgeschichte
1256:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1236:9781107006980
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1209:9780202364209
1205:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1182:9781107006980
1178:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
955:
945:
944:Zuttiyeh Cave
942:
940:
937:
936:
927:Emireh point.
923:
918:
915:
912:Emireh point
908:
903:
902:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
876:Relationships
873:
871:
867:
864:According to
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:Emiran period
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
736:
735:
732:
728:
727:
719:
718:Afontova Gora
716:
713:
712:Mal'ta–Buret'
710:
709:
708:
706:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
653:
651:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:Epigravettian
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
549:
547:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
488:
487:
485:
479:
476:
475:
470:
459:
454:
453:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
418:
407:
402:
401:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:
346:
342:
329:
324:
323:
319:
318:
312:
308:
307:
304:
300:
299:
293:
289:
286:Expansion of
284:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
198:
190:
179:
170:
168:
167:
155:
146:
137:
128:
117:
106:
104:
103:
91:
89:
88:
78:
69:
60:
40:
32:
23:
1258:
1254:
1225:
1218:
1198:
1191:
1171:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1146:
1139:
1102:
1096:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1054:
1044:
999:
995:
985:
968:
964:
958:
884:", from the
879:
863:
861:influences.
844:
825:
816:North Africa
767:
766:
703:
648:
627:(14–12.8 ka)
561:(44.5–36 ka)
544:
523:(18–12.5 ka)
490:
482:
392:(400–220 ka)
386:(424–400 ka)
380:(500–130 ka)
362:(2.6–1.7 Ma)
316:
163:
162:
160:
99:
98:
86:
85:
890:Aurignacian
859:Aurignacian
625:Federmesser
613:Magdalenian
583:Périgordian
571:Aurignacian
509:Aurignacian
503:Baradostian
446:(130–10 ka)
440:(130–70 ka)
434:(145–20 ka)
428:(160–40 ka)
303:Paleolithic
263:Followed by
249:Preceded by
102:Aurignacian
1276:Categories
950:References
832:Levalloise
828:Mousterian
812:indigenous
731:Mesolithic
720:(21–12 ka}
714:(24–15 ka)
688:(15–11 ka)
682:(15—11 ka)
676:(22–14 ka)
665:(25–11 ka)
659:(42–18 ka)
639:(13–12 ka)
637:Ahrensburg
633:(14–10 ka)
615:(17–12 ka)
609:(20–10 ka)
603:(22–17 ka)
597:(29–25 ka)
591:(33–24 ka)
589:Gravettian
585:(35–20 ka)
573:(43–26 ka)
567:(43–32 ka)
555:(48–40 ka)
553:Bohunician
527:Trialetian
517:(20–10 ka)
511:(35–29 ka)
505:(36–18 ka)
499:(46–42 ka)
493:(50–40 ka)
426:Mousterian
384:Clactonian
338: 3.3
267:Bohunician
253:Mousterian
144:Bacho Kiro
135:Okladnikov
971:: 49–85.
914:microlith
898:Near East
870:Palestine
780:Palestine
700:(10–8 ka)
694:(15–5 ka)
669:Mushabian
657:Khormusan
645:(11–8 ka)
643:Swiderian
601:Solutrean
595:Pavlovian
577:Szeletian
529:(16–8 ka)
438:Micoquien
372:Madrasian
366:Acheulean
186:Bhimbetka
1131:19571003
1036:26034284
933:See also
855:Antelian
847:Ahmarian
802:and the
698:Magosian
686:Sebilian
539:Khiamian
533:Natufian
497:Ahmarian
390:Mugharan
374:(1.5 Ma)
356:(3.3 Ma)
311:Pliocene
271:Ahmarian
177:Shanidar
76:Ust' man
67:Niah man
56:Tianyuan
1317:Lithics
1154:21 July
1122:2752585
1027:4485136
1004:Bibcode
965:Quartär
776:Lebanon
705:Siberia
692:Eburran
631:Azilian
619:Hamburg
521:Kebaran
515:Zarzian
444:Sangoan
432:Aterian
415:300–50
378:Soanian
360:Oldowan
354:Lomekwi
315:before
257:Aterian
166:culture
1265:
1233:
1206:
1179:
1129:
1119:
1034:
1024:
886:Levant
796:Arabia
792:Jordan
788:Israel
772:Levant
674:Halfan
650:Africa
546:Europe
491:Emiran
467:50–12
461:
409:
343:– 300
331:
292:Levant
231:Period
225:Arabia
221:Levant
164:Emiran
100:Proto-
1322:Tools
784:Syria
680:Qadan
241:Dates
188:caves
124:Kara-
113:Deni-
1263:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1156:2011
1127:PMID
1098:PNAS
1032:PMID
794:and
317:Homo
301:The
153:Oase
115:sova
1261:).
1117:PMC
1107:doi
1103:106
1022:PMC
1012:doi
1000:112
973:doi
126:Bom
58:man
1278::
1125:.
1115:.
1101:.
1095:.
1078:22
1076:.
1072:.
1053:.
1030:.
1020:.
1010:.
998:.
994:.
969:61
967:.
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
729:↓
707::
652::
548::
486::
469:ka
465:c.
417:ka
413:c.
345:ka
341:Ma
335:c.
309:↑
273:,
269:,
255:,
223:,
203:c.
1239:.
1185:.
1158:.
1133:.
1109::
1038:.
1014::
1006::
979:.
975::
880:"
774:(
756:e
749:t
742:v
471:)
463:(
419:)
411:(
347:)
333:(
320:)
313:(
294:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
