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582:"The German ministers were pitiless. They literally hunted Dr. Hácha and M. Chvalkovsky round the table on which the documents were lying, thrusting them continually before them, pushing pens into their hands, incessantly repeating that if they continued in their refusal, half of Prague would lie in ruins from bombing within two hours, and that this would be only the beginning. Hundreds of bombers were waiting the order to take off, and they would receive that order at six in the morning if the signatures were not forthcoming".
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in his memoirs recalled that when Hácha arrived Hitler said that "he was going to let the old gentleman rest and recover for two hours," which was incomprehensible to Keitel. Finally, at 1:30 a.m., on 15 March 1939, Hitler saw the
President. He told Hácha that as they were speaking, the German
562:
would be broken by force of arms, using all means." Minutes of the conversation noted that for Hácha this was the most difficult decision of his life, but believed that in only a few years this decision would be comprehensible and in 50 years would probably be regarded as a blessing. According to
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Hitler then gave the Czech
President two options: cooperate with Germany, in which case the "entry of German troops would take place in a tolerable manner" and "permit Czechoslovakia a generous life of her own, autonomy and a degree of national freedom..." or face a scenario in which "resistance
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was appointed Deputy
Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, as Neurath had been considered not harsh enough by Hitler. Hácha lost all remaining influence over political affairs in his country and became a puppet. Many of his colleagues and friends were arrested (including the Prime Minister
570:, but said that the threat came as a warning because the Czech government, after already agreeing to German occupation, couldn't guarantee that the Czech army would not fire on the advancing Germans. Göring however does not mention that Hácha had a heart attack because of his threat.
649:. Hitler had originally planned to execute 10,000 Czechs in reprisal for the murder of Heydrich and warned Hácha that if another such incident occurred, "we should have to consider deporting the whole Czech population". This threat was made at Heydrich's funeral.
1754:
566:, Hácha suffered a heart attack induced by Göring's threat to bomb the capital and by four o'clock he contacted Prague, effectively "signing Czechoslovakia away" to Germany. Göring acknowledged making the threat to the British ambassador to Germany,
387:(a self-government body with quite limited power). In 1902, Hácha married Marie Háchová, née Klaus (born 17 April 1873 in Prague, died 6 February 1938 in Prague). They had a daughter, Milada. Marie died ten months before Hácha became president.
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reported that according to an unnamed source considered reliable by
Coulondre, by half past four, Hácha was "in a state of total collapse, and kept going only by means of injections." Coulondre described the scene at the Reich
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noted that
Schmidt's memoirs are not a reliable source of information as he consistently downplayed and ignored the criminal policies of the Nazi regime as well as his own role in them.
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590:, who was present during the meeting, in his memoirs denied such turbulent scenes ever taking place with the Czechoslovak President. Jewish-American historian
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from
November 1938 to March 1939. In March 1939, after the breakup of Czechoslovakia, Hácha was the nominal president of the newly proclaimed
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673:. He died in prison on 27 June 1945 under mysterious circumstances. After his death, he was buried at first in an unmarked grave at the
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that during this meeting Hácha had told him that "he wanted to place the fate of the Czech State in the Führer's hands."
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614:. During his time as President of the Protectorate, Hácha also signed into law legislation modeled after the Nazi
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giving previously unusual powers to the president and government and restricting the powers of the parliament.
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on 16 March, Hácha retained his office as
President, but was forced to swear an oath to Hitler, who appointed
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Dramatic account by French diplomats of Emil Hácha's reluctance to sign over
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The
Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935-1945
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Gruner, Wolf (2015). "Protectorate of
Bohemia and Moravia". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).
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2010:
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973:. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 105–106.
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In the evening of 14 March 1939, Hitler summoned President Hácha to the Reich Chancellery in
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that discriminated against Czech Jews. He dissolved the parliament, replacing it with the
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He became one of the most notable lawyers in Czechoslovakia, a specialist in English
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in Prague, and Hácha became a judge (1918) and Deputy President (1919) of the court.
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on 30 November 1938 as President of Czechoslovakia. He was nominated because of his
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as his successor, becoming first President of the Supreme Administration Court.
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The short era of his presidency before the German occupation is known as the
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821:. 15 March 1939 Notes of Conversation between Adolf Hitler and Emil Hacha.
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944:"Nuremberg Laws Proclaimed in Czech Protectorate by President Hacha"
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The complex legacy of the president many would prefer to forget
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439:. He was also a translator of English literature (most notably
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prior to meeting with Hitler. Von Ribbentrop testified at the
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Speech by Emil Hácha after the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia
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Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 10 Friday, 29 March 1946
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The Road to War III: Appeasement to Occupation of Prague
907:, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011 page 214.
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Hácha, Hitler and Göring meeting in Berlin, March 1939
677:(though now there is a marker present on his grave).
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Hácha's situation changed on 29 September 1941, when
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in March 1939, British Ambassador to Czechoslovakia
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881:, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960 pages 446–447
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2001:Czechoslovak people who died in prison custody
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665:. Hácha was brutally beaten and arrested by
375:and then applied for the law faculty at the
1133:Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe
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867:http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/ylbk077.asp
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905:The History of the Holocaust in Romania
879:The Rise of and Fall of the Third Reich
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1958:
1097:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
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488:, Hácha was nominated as successor to
52:State President of Bohemia and Moravia
1986:Czech collaborators with Nazi Germany
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1025:, hrad.cz, retrieved 20 November 2013
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892:1939 - the War that Had Many Fathers
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1407:The Man with the Iron Heart
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1071:. New York: Penguin Press.
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1153:(1976). "Hácha, Emil".
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1837:Rudolf Beran
1820:
1638:Václav Havel
1620:Gustáv Husák
1582:Edvard Beneš
1560:Edvard Beneš
1523:
1516:Protectorate
1496:
1479:Edvard Beneš
1308:
1259:
1246:Edvard Beneš
1233:
1228:Edvard Beneš
1196:(in English)
1180:(in English)
1154:
1132:
1108:
1103:Kershaw, Ian
1092:
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952:. Retrieved
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588:Paul Schmidt
585:
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578:Chancellery:
572:
564:Joachim Fest
560:
544:
528:Basil Newton
517:
513:enabling act
498:
490:Edvard Beneš
483:
454:
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423:
400:Cisleithania
389:
370:
366:Trhové Sviny
359:
341:lawyer, the
325:
324:
208:(1945-06-27)
206:27 June 1945
189:Trhové Sviny
186:12 July 1872
162:Edvard Beneš
158:Succeeded by
151:Edvard Beneš
136:Rudolf Beran
113:
75:Rudolf Beran
59:
18:
1971:1945 deaths
1966:1872 births
1843:Alois Eliáš
1790:Nazi German
1377:translation
933:pp. 685–686
920:pp. 170–171
837:pp. 570–571
809:pp. 570–571
783:pp. 682–684
661:during the
632:Alois Eliáš
494:Catholicism
407: [
392:World War I
146:Preceded by
82:Alois Eliáš
1960:Categories
1821:Emil Hácha
1542:Jozef Tiso
1524:Emil Hácha
1497:Emil Hácha
1454:Presidents
1359:Emil Hácha
1309:Emil Hácha
1266:1939–1945
1240:1938–1939
1188:(in Czech)
1164:0070595259
1032:References
1023:Emil Hacha
641:After the
592:Jean Ancel
433:common law
402:). He met
266:Profession
182:1872-07-12
129:Jan Syrový
25:Emil Hácha
1647:Elections
1317:President
693:Citations
505:democracy
276:Signature
256:Education
250:(d. 1938)
139:(1938–39)
114:In office
92:(1941–45)
85:(1939–41)
60:In office
1397:Betrayer
1131:(2008).
1105:(2000).
1089:(1974).
1042:(2009).
1006:Mazower
954:29 March
916:Kershaw
847:IMT XXXI
792:Keitel,
752:Nicoll,
728:Mazower
681:See also
659:Red Army
524:Ruthenia
520:Slovakia
511:with an
364:town of
1945:*Acting
1788:in the
1210:of the
1206:in the
193:Bohemia
1161:
1139:
1117:
1093:Hitler
1075:
1054:
1010:p. 213
997:p. 277
993:Evans
977:
929:Evans
918:Hitler
894:p. 231
835:Hitler
807:Hitler
779:Evans
769:Avalon
719:p. 134
547:Berlin
532:Hitler
396:Vienna
385:Prague
347:German
270:Lawyer
243:Spouse
213:Prague
132:(1938)
99:(1945)
37:Hácha
1368:Works
833:Fest
805:Fest
796:p. 79
732:p. 55
411:]
339:Czech
41:1940s
1744:1992
1739:1990
1734:1989
1729:1985
1724:1980
1719:1975
1714:1973
1709:1968
1704:1964
1699:1957
1694:1953
1689:1948
1684:1946
1679:1938
1674:1935
1669:1934
1664:1927
1659:1920
1654:1918
1159:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1052:ISBN
975:ISBN
956:2016
667:NKVD
551:film
522:and
435:and
203:Died
176:Born
1456:of
1212:ZBW
861:to
610:as
507:to
445:by
383:in
1962::
1015:^
946:.
700:^
638:.
622:.
553:.
409:cs
368:.
352:.
215:,
195:,
191:,
39:c.
1911:*
1905:*
1839:*
1778:e
1771:t
1764:v
1446:e
1439:t
1432:v
1301:e
1294:t
1287:v
1167:.
1145:.
1123:.
1081:.
1060:.
983:.
958:.
453:(
328:(
184:)
180:(
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