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1106:, England until her death in 2008), to be brought to face justice in Poland. Wolińska-Brus, a military prosecutor in the 1950s, was accused of aiding in the investigation and trial that resulted in Fieldorf's execution. Wolińska-Brus signed Fieldorf's arrest warrant and extended his detention several times, although she was aware of his innocence. A 1956 report issued by the communist authorities concluded that Wolińska-Brus had violated the rule of law and was involved in mock investigations and show trials that frequently resulted in executions. The charges against her were initiated by the
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have refused . No one forced them either physically or psychologically . I demand that the people who murdered my father be brought to justice I dream of Poland, whose institutions of justice are transparent and worthy of true respect and confidence. These types of institutions ought to be the foundation of a sovereign nation. I would want us, Poles, so much, to be able to choose our own examples to follow, and not those promoted by others.
36:
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1110:, which claimed Wolińska-Brus was an "accessory to a court murder", which is classified as a Stalinist crime, and is punishable by up to 10 years in prison. The case attracted international attention. The United Kingdom refused to extradite her, and Wolińska-Brus died on 26 November 2008 without being brought to justice.
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I asked the condemned if he had any wishes. Fieldorf responded: 'Please notify my family'. I stated that his family would be notified The condemned persistently looked straight into my eyes. He stood erect. No one was holding him. He made an appearance of a very strong man. One would almost admire
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to them, in 1948. Not knowing that the amnesty was a sham, Fieldorf outed himself to the authorities. He was then placed under investigatory arrest in Warsaw. In prison, he refused to collaborate with the
Communist security services, even under torture. General Fieldorf's brutal interrogations were
989:
interrogator, testified in 1997: " Różański would stop by frequently during many of my interrogations of general
Fieldorf, and he would have conversations with him on many subjects. The prosecuting attorney Benjamin Wajsblech would show up frequently as well, and would, on many occasions, give me
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I can neither allow the investigation of my father to be closed, nor to allow the following individuals to escape justice: the Deputy
Director of Justice at the General Prosecutors' Office, Alicja Graff, the Prosecuting Attorney, Wiktor Gattner, and the Interrogator, Kazimierz Gorski. They could
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which he had chosen for himself. His circuitous route back to Poland took him through South Africa, and by air, over
Rhodesia, Sudan, and Egypt, then on to Romania, and by train to Poland. His aeroplane's flight-path over Sudan and Egypt followed the Nile, hence his nom de guerre, "Nil" (Nile in
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his composure amidst such dramatic events. He neither screamed, nor made any gestures. I said: Carry out ! The executioner and one of the guards approached the condemned I went to see the warden afterwards, and then by my own hand I prepared the protocol of the execution.
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verbal instructions. I prepared a decision to refuse the general's evidence materials. I wrote it under the dictation of
Wajsblech. I didn't decide as to whom, and how, I should interrogate".
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Speaking about other individuals who have had complicity in the court-sanctioned murder (that is of fabricated evidence) of her father, Maria
Fieldorf-Czarska said:
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Fieldorf married Janina
Kobylinska in 1919, with whom he had two daughters, Krystyna and Maria. Remaining on active duty after World War I, he was promoted to
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newspaper suggested that
Fieldorf was buried in a mass grave in a Warsaw cemetery, together with the remains of 248 other murdered Polish non-communists.
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818:. After the Division's defeat, on the night of September 8–9, he fled in civilian clothes to his native Kraków. From there he attempted to get to
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General
Fieldorf's body was never returned to his family, and was buried in a location which remains unknown. In 2009, an article in a British
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under his assumed name and did not return to underground activities. Moving between Warsaw and Kraków, he eventually settled in
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Fieldorf's daughter, Maria
Fieldorf Czarska, called for the prosecutor responsible for the execution of her father,
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on 28 September 1944, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general with an order from the Supreme Commander
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875:(special operations executive) of the AK, where he served until February 1944. It was on his order that the
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The Communist Prosecuting Attorney, Wiktor Gattner, described General Fieldorf's last moments as follows:
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Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the Communist Past
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based on Fieldorf's life premiered in Poland to generally positive reviews. It was directed by
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Stan, Assistant Professor of Political Science Lavinia; Stan, Lavinia (2009-01-13).
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1082:. In 2012, the supposed mass grave site was to be searched for Fieldorf's remains.
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1017:. The sentence was carried out, by hanging, on 24 February 1953 at 3:00 pm in the
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De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Rehabilitation of Stalin's Victims after 1953
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The government, which was persecuting former resistance members loyal to the
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border. He was interned in October 1939, but fled several weeks later from a
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of being a "fascist-Hitlerite criminal" and having ordered an execution of
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In 1958, the prosecutor's office discontinued any further investigations.
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trial, he was sentenced to death on 16 April 1952 by the presiding judge
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1618:, Editions Spotkania, Warszawa 1991, wyd. II uzup. i poprawione, s. 91,
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949:. Released in 1947, he returned to new Poland ruled by the communist
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company. In 1919 and 1920, he took part in the campaign to join the
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in October 1944. He was also nominated for future command of the
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in May 1940. In September of that year, he was smuggled back to
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In France, he completed staff courses and was promoted to full
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General "Nil" August Emil Fieldorf: Fakty, Dokumenty Relacje
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On 6 August 1914, Fieldorf volunteered for the newly formed
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People executed by the Polish People's Republic by hanging
1366:(in Polish). Światowy Związek Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej.
1287:(in Polish). Światowy Związek Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej.
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From November 1918, Fieldorf served in the ranks of the
403:, as a company commander he participated in liberating
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region to Poland proper. After the commencement of the
282:; 20 March 1895 – 24 February 1953) was a Polish
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On 7 March 1945, Fieldorf was arrested by the Soviet
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Mugshot of Emil Fieldorf after being arrested in 1950
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and posted to the 1st Polish Infantry Regiment, as a
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Recipients of the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari
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Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
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Britain must not stand in the way of Polish justice
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Biography of Brigadier-General Emil August Fieldorf
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1737:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
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297:In 1953, he was executed by the communist regime.
937:. Initially, he was misidentified under the name
426:commander. In 1935, he was given command of the "
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1254:McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (2015-07-28).
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286:who served as deputy commander-in-chief of the
1757:Executed people from Lesser Poland Voivodeship
1717:Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
1614:Tadeusz Kryska-Karski i Stanisław Żurakowski,
1552:Oxford don's wife 'sent war hero to his death'
1360:Przewoźnik, Andrzej; Strzembosz, Adam (1999).
1281:Przewoźnik, Andrzej; Strzembosz, Adam (1999).
985:. Kazimierz Gorski, Polish secret police, the
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1632:Doomed Soldiers 1944-1963, The Untold Story.
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1171:, previously awarded the Silver Cross (1923)
305:General Fieldorf's ancestors were partly of
1588:Doomed Soldiers 1944–1963, The Untold Story
1576:Polish enemies fight over Gen Emil Fieldorf
1386:
1339:. Chromo Publishing. pp. Description.
953:government and the increasingly repressive
871:. A year later he was given command of the
814:Fieldorf commanded his regiment during the
1712:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
1496:"Secret grave of Polish hero 'discovered'"
1138:In 2009 a historical drama movie entitled
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356:, and in 1917 directed to officer school.
1707:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
1308:Fieldorf, Maria; Zachuta, Leszek (1993).
1071:, Fieldorf was officially rehabilitated.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1601:Zbrodnia. Sprawa generała Fieldorfa-Nila
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867:in Warsaw and from 1941 in Wilno and in
309:origin. He was born on 20 March 1895 in
1702:Recipients of the Cross of Independence
1444:Komenda Główna Armii Krajowej 1939-1945
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972:-based government-in-exile, offered an
882:was assassinated on 1 February 1944 in
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1742:Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
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1447:(in Polish). Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
1413:
1314:(in Polish). Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
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1067:. In 1989, following the collapse of
1063:In 1972, a statue was erected on his
1692:Polish Military Organisation members
1599:Stanisław Marat, Jacek Snopkiewicz,
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834:, where he joined the newly-forming
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1603:, Wydawnictwo Alfa, Warszawa 1989,
1520:East European Constitutional Review
1335:Adam, Cornelius Belt (2012-05-17).
993:Fieldorf was accused by prosecutor
893:Shortly before the collapse of the
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1156:Honours, Decorations and Citations
446:on the eastern fringes of Poland (
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1732:Polish legionnaires (World War I)
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1524:New York University School of Law
1417:Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw
1108:Institute of National Remembrance
1001:while serving in the AK. After a
863:Polish). He initially joined the
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341:. With them, he set out for the
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1687:Polish people of German descent
1616:Generałowie Polski Niepodległej
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1390:Generałowie II Rzeczypospolitej
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836:Polish Armed Forces in the West
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430:" independent battalion of the
379:Formation of a new Polish state
45:needs additional citations for
1657:Military personnel from Kraków
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1393:(in Polish). Wydawn. Polonia.
1387:Mierzwiński, Zbigniew (1990).
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1199:Merit Forces Central Lithuania
707:Non-integrated but recognizing
681:National Military Organization
352:. In 1916, he was promoted to
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294:(August 1944 – October 1944).
13:
1:
1414:Davies, Norman (2008-09-04).
1230:1951 Mokotów Prison execution
1078:posthumously awarded him the
1059:Commemorating and recognition
849:as the first emissary of the
634:National Security Corps (PKB)
290:after the suppression of the
1441:Ney-Krwawicz, Marek (1990).
434:. A year later, he became a
375:in his home city of Kraków.
373:Polish Military Organisation
300:
7:
1662:Burials at Powązki Cemetery
1540:Is this justice or revenge?
1203:
1126:Maria Gurowska died in 1998
1123:Józef Różański died in 1981
955:Ministry of Public Security
701:Confederation of the Nation
481:History of Poland 1939–1945
10:
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1182:Order of Polonia Restituta
851:Polish government-in-exile
722:Jewish Combat Organization
442:Rifle Regiment within the
363:, he was pressed into the
335:1st Brigade of the Legions
1752:Executed military leaders
1169:Order of Virtuti Militari
1129:Alicja Graff died in 2005
977:personally supervised by
822:, but was stopped on the
816:Polish September Campaign
413:Polish Expedition to Kiev
323:non-commissioned officers
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1162:Order of the White Eagle
1080:Order of the White Eagle
195:Polish People's Republic
1094:Fieldorf statue, Cracow
865:Union of Armed Struggle
830:and reached France via
691:Camp of Fighting Poland
523:Political organizations
432:Border Protection Corps
169:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1722:Overturned convictions
1682:Polish anti-communists
1667:Executed Polish people
1180:Knight's Cross of the
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624:Armed Resistance (ZWZ)
604:Military organizations
557:Camp of National Unity
532:Polish Socialist Party
444:12th Infantry Division
319:Riflemen's Association
220:also, Walenty Gdanicki
69:"August Emil Fieldorf"
1175:Cross of Independence
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1013:who refused to grant
951:Polish Workers' Party
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917:Arrests and execution
727:Jewish Military Union
686:National Armed Forces
592:Polish Workers' Party
587:National Radical Camp
577:Betar (Zionist youth)
387:in the newly forming
365:Austro-Hungarian Army
1747:Polish Army officers
1337:Emil August Fieldorf
1241:Notes and references
1100:Helena Wolińska-Brus
995:Helena Wolińska-Brus
899:Kazimierz Sosnkowski
877:SS and Police Leader
666:Partially integrated
616:Service for Poland's
401:Polish-Bolshevik War
266:August Emil Fieldorf
206:Execution by hanging
136:August Emil Fieldorf
54:improve this article
18:Emil August Fieldorf
1581:The Daily Telegraph
1557:The Daily Telegraph
1194:Gold Cross of Merit
1152:in the title role.
1150:Olgierd Łukaszewicz
1074:In 2006, President
884:Operation Kutschera
755:Cultural activities
202:Cause of death
1584:, 25 November 2007
1572:, 25 November 2007
1560:, 22 November 2007
1548:, 30 December 1998
1167:Gold Cross of the
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1086:Search for justice
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943:forced labour camp
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696:Pomeranian Griffin
660:Peasant Battalions
655:Gwardia Ludowa WRN
567:Jewish Labour Bund
440:Giuseppe Garibaldi
436:lieutenant colonel
1420:. Pan Macmillan.
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766:History of Poland
640:Mostly integrated
468:Underground State
393:heavy machine gun
367:and moved to the
284:brigadier general
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957:. He settled in
939:Walenty Gdanicki
907:NIE Organisation
903:Leopold Okulicki
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768:during 1939–1945
711:Armed Resistance
670:Armed Resistance
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1019:Mokotów Prison
1007:Maria Gurowska
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1609:83-7001-308-2
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1474:. Routledge.
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1363:General "Nil"
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856:nom de guerre
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709:authority of
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618:Victory (SZP)
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552:Minor parties
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527:Major parties
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369:Italian front
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343:Russian Front
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271:nom de guerre
267:
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253:Armia Krajowa
251:
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235:Occupation(s)
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216:nom de guerre
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161:20 March 1895
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1629:(in English)
1615:
1600:
1594:Bibliography
1579:
1569:The Scotsman
1567:
1555:
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1260:. Springer.
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1190:- four times
1139:
1137:
1134:Feature film
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1048:at Warsaw's
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967:
938:
928:
913:government.
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853:, under the
840:
813:
810:World War II
737:Armia Ludowa
547:Labour Party
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275:
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265:
264:
181:(1953-02-24)
116:
110:January 2022
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1652:1953 deaths
1647:1895 births
1141:Generał Nil
1044:Fieldorf's
1021:in Warsaw.
490:Authorities
385:Polish Army
361:oath crisis
329:World War I
225:Citizenship
1641:Categories
732:Opposition
629:Gray Ranks
582:Opposition
506:Parliament
496:Government
359:After the
157:1895-03-20
80:newspapers
1035:Telegraph
935:Milanówek
911:Stalinist
869:Białystok
760:Education
715:Home Army
674:Home Army
648:Home Army
424:battalion
409:Żytomierz
301:Biography
288:Home Army
259:commander
1204:See also
1046:cenotaph
1015:clemency
981:colonel
458:a series
456:Part of
405:Dyneburg
354:sergeant
347:infantry
315:seminary
974:amnesty
945:in the
843:colonel
832:Hungary
350:platoon
239:Soldier
94:scholar
1607:
1526:, 1999
1478:
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1196:(1929)
1184:(1937)
1177:(1932)
1164:(2006)
1104:Oxford
970:London
824:Slovak
820:France
511:Courts
466:Polish
460:on the
337:under
311:Kraków
307:German
229:Polish
191:Warsaw
165:Kraków
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1148:with
873:Kedyw
860:"Nil"
668:with
642:with
428:Troki
420:major
397:Wilno
257:Kedyw
101:JSTOR
87:books
1605:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1262:ISBN
963:Łódź
931:NKVD
828:camp
713:and
672:and
646:and
176:Died
151:Born
73:news
1509:BBC
979:MBP
886:by
450:).
278:Nil
255:'s
218:Nil
56:by
1643::
1578:,
1566:,
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1522:,
987:UB
965:.
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798:e
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117:(
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108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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