Robert Burns - Knowledge

1449: 997: 3457:"Burns fell ill in 1781 when he was 21 and developed what is thought to have been acute rheumatic fever. Before he died, it was noted that he had slowed down, complained repeatedly of joint pains and lost weight remarkably fast. Purdie said Burns's rheumatic fever led to a weakened heart, which eventually killed him. But his rapid decline may have begun with toothache. He told the podcast host, NTS president Jackie Bird: “The problem which occurs through toothache is apical root abscess – a highly infectious and very dangerous condition in the root of a tooth where bacteria spill from the tooth into the bloodstream and if you've got a heart which is affected by the long term effects of rheumatic fever then there's going to be a problem." 1590: 988: 1817: 1946: 977: 1806: 5165: 5108: 53: 1282: 1853:. It includes: the humble Burns Cottage where he was born and spent the first years of his life, a modern museum building which houses more than 5,000 Burns artefacts including his handwritten manuscripts, the historic Alloway Auld Kirk and Brig o Doon which feature in Burns's masterpiece 'Tam o Shanter', and the Burns Monument which was erected in Burns's honour and finished in 1823. His house in Dumfries is operated as the Robert Burns House, and the Robert Burns Centre in Dumfries features more exhibits about his life and works. 1137: 1205: 1679: 968:

ever measure in Scotland – 'The Gloomy night is gathering fast' – when a letter from Dr Blacklock to a friend of mine overthrew all my schemes, by opening new prospects to my poetic ambition. The Doctor belonged to a set of critics for whose applause I had not dared to hope. His opinion that I would meet with encouragement in Edinburgh for a second edition, fired me so much, that away I posted for that city, without a single acquaintance, or a single letter of introduction."

1025:, which was engraved to provide a frontispiece for the book. Nasmyth had come to know Burns and his fresh and appealing image has become the basis for almost all subsequent representations of the poet. In Edinburgh, he was received as an equal by the city's men of letters—including Dugald Stewart, Robertson, Blair and others—and was a guest at aristocratic gatherings, where he bore himself with unaffected dignity. Here he encountered, and made a lasting impression on, the 16-year-old 370: 1274: 1093: 603: 5132: 853:", a 1792 poem argued as an example of his abolitionist views, is disputed. His name is absent from any abolitionist petition written in Scotland during the period, and according to academic Lisa Williams, Burns "is strangely silent on the question of chattel slavery compared to other contemporary poets. Perhaps this was due to his government position, severe limitations on free speech at the time or his association with beneficiaries of the slave trade system". 8532: 2013: 5036: 2265: 2162: 1171:. As a songwriter he provided his own lyrics, sometimes adapted from traditional words. He put words to Scottish folk melodies and airs which he collected, and composed his own arrangements of the music including modifying tunes or recreating melodies on the basis of fragments. In letters he explained that he preferred simplicity, relating songs to spoken language which should be sung in traditional ways. The original instruments would be 4987: 506: 5051: 611: 2251: 5151: 2075: 1660: 5063: 5475: 1338:

edition of his complete works and a biography written by James Currie. Subscriptions were raised to meet the initial cost of publication, which was in the hands of Thomas Cadell and William Davies in London and William Creech, bookseller in Edinburgh. Hogg records that fund-raising for Burns's family was embarrassingly slow, and it took several years to accumulate significant funds through the efforts of

1214:

in unison or harmony with the cogitations of my fancy and workings of my bosom, humming every now and then the air with the verses I have framed. when I feel my Muse beginning to jade, I retire to the solitary fireside of my study, and there commit my effusions to paper, swinging, at intervals, on the hind-legs of my elbow chair, by way of calling forth my own critical strictures, as my, pen goes.

2203:" is read and the haggis is cut open. The event usually allows for people to start eating just after the haggis is presented. At the end of the meal, a series of toasts, often including a 'Toast to the Lassies', and replies are made. This is when the toast to "the immortal memory", an overview of Burns's life and work, is given. The event usually concludes with the singing of "Auld Lang Syne". 1525: 2031:, has issued postage stamps commemorating Burns three times. In 1966, two stamps were issued, priced fourpence and one shilling and threepence, both carrying Burns's portrait. In 1996, an issue commemorating the bicentenary of his death comprised four stamps, priced 19p, 25p, 41p and 60p and including quotes from Burns's poems. On 22 January 2009, two 1st class stamps were 1969:, were designated with Burns connotations. A life-size statue was dedicated in Burns's honour within the Back Bay Fens of the West Fenway neighbourhood in 1912. It stood until 1972 when it was relocated downtown, sparking protests from the neighbourhood, literary fans, and preservationists of Olmsted's vision for the Back Bay Fens. 1034:

think his countenance was more massive than it looks in any of the portraits ... there was a strong expression of shrewdness in all his lineaments; the eye alone, I think, indicated the poetical character and temperament. It was large, and of a dark cast, and literally glowed when he spoke with feeling or interest.

678:(1760–1827) from 1765 to 1768 until Murdoch left the parish. After a few years of home education, Burns was sent to Dalrymple Parish School in mid-1772 before returning at harvest time to full-time farm labouring until 1773, when he was sent to lodge with Murdoch for three weeks to study grammar, French, and Latin. 1033:

his manners rustic, not clownish, a sort of dignified plainness and simplicity which received part of its effect perhaps from knowledge of his extraordinary talents. His features are presented in Mr Nasmyth's picture but to me it conveys the idea that they are diminished, as if seen in perspective. I

1213:

My way is: I consider the poetic sentiment, correspondent to my idea of the musical expression, then chuse my theme, begin one stanza, when that is composed—which is generally the most difficult part of the business—I walk out, sit down now and then, look out for objects in nature around me that are

967:

wrote a letter expressing admiration for the poetry in the Kilmarnock volume, and suggesting an enlarged second edition. A copy of it was passed to Burns, who later recalled, "I had taken the last farewell of my few friends, my chest was on the road to Greenock; I had composed the last song I should

905:

As Burns lacked the funds to pay for his passage to Jamaica, Gavin Hamilton suggested that he should "publish his poems in the meantime by subscription, as a likely way of getting a little money to provide him more liberally in necessaries for Jamaica." On 3 April Burns sent proposals for publishing

868:

before moving to work in Ayrshire. He dedicated the poems "The Highland Lassie O", "Highland Mary", and "To Mary in Heaven" to her. His song "Will ye go to the Indies, my Mary, And leave auld Scotia's shore?" suggests that they planned to emigrate to Jamaica together. Their relationship has been the

918:

in the Mauchline kirk for three Sundays. He transferred his share in Mossgiel farm to his brother Gilbert on 22 July, and on 30 July wrote to tell his friend John Richmond that, "Armour has got a warrant to throw me in jail until I can find a warrant for an enormous sum ... I am wandering from

1073:. The first volume was published in 1787 and included three songs by Burns. He contributed 40 songs to volume two, and he ended up responsible for about a third of the 600 songs in the whole collection, as well as making a considerable editorial contribution. The final volume was published in 1803. 4363:

When tries to explain why he hates school, she accuses him of not liking anything. He tells her his fantasy of being "the catcher in the rye," a person who catches little children as they are about to fall off of a cliff. Phoebe tells him that he has misremembered the poem that he took the image

1328:

The funeral took place on Monday 25 July 1796, the day that his son Maxwell was born. He was at first buried in the far corner of St. Michael's Churchyard in Dumfries; a simple "slab of freestone" was erected as his gravestone by Jean Armour, which some felt insulting to his memory. His body was

2050:

in reference to Burns's poem "To a Mouse". The Clydesdale Bank's notes were redesigned in 2009 and, since then, he has been pictured on the front of their £10 note. In September 2007, the Bank of Scotland redesigned their banknotes to feature famous Scottish bridges. The reverse side of new £5

1337:

Armour had taken steps to secure his personal property, partly by liquidating two promissory notes amounting to fifteen pounds sterling (about 1,100 pounds at 2009 prices). The family went to the Court of Session in 1798 with a plan to support his surviving children by publishing a four-volume

1842:, some of whom had known Burns. The club set its original objectives as "To cherish the name of Robert Burns; to foster a love of his writings, and generally to encourage an interest in the Scottish language and literature." The club also continues to have local charitable work as a priority. 805:, while he was embarking on a relationship with Jean Armour, who became pregnant with twins in March 1786. Burns signed a paper attesting his marriage to Jean, but her father "was in the greatest distress, and fainted away". To avoid disgrace, her parents sent her to live with her uncle in 662:

1766, when he was seven years old. William Burnes sold the house and took the tenancy of the 70-acre (280,000 m) Mount Oliphant farm, southeast of Alloway. Here Burns grew up in poverty and hardship, and the severe manual labour of the farm left its traces in a weakened constitution.

1321:

As his health began to give way, he aged prematurely and fell into fits of despondency. Rumours of intemperance (alleged mainly by temperance activist James Currie) may have been overstated. Hard manual farm labour earlier in his life may have damaged Burns's health. Burns possibly had a

898: 2094:, started to record all of Burns's songs, with a mixture of traditional and Burns's own compositions. The project ended when Hovey died, after seven of the planned twenty-two volumes were completed. Redpath also recorded four cassettes of Burns's songs (re-issued as 3 CDs) for the 840:

on the plantations (Burns himself described the position as being "a poor Negro driver"). The position, which was for a single man, would entail Burns living on a plantation in rustic conditions, as it was unlikely a book keeper would be housed in the plantation's

914:, who published these proposals on 14 April 1786, on the same day that Jean Armour's father tore up the paper in which Burns attested his marriage to Jean. To obtain a certificate that he was a free bachelor, Burns agreed on 25 June to stand for 1397:, a Scottish lawyer and practitioner of phrenology based in Edinburgh. Combe published a report about his findings, entitled ‘Phrenological development of Robert Burns. From a cast on his skull moulded at Dumfries, the 31st day of March, 1834’. 1109:, from Patrick Miller's estate at Dalswinton, where he had a new farmhouse and byre built. He and Jean moved in the following summer 1789 to the new farm house at Ellisland. In November 1790, he had written his masterpiece, the narrative poem " 1100:

On his return from Edinburgh in February 1788, he resumed his relationship with Jean Armour and they married in March 1788. He took out a lease on Ellisland Farm, Dumfriesshire, settling there in June. He also took up a training position as an

1058:. His relationship with Nancy concluded in 1791 with a final meeting in Edinburgh before she sailed to Jamaica for what turned out to be a short-lived reconciliation with her estranged husband. Before she left, he sent her the manuscript of " 721:, where they stayed until William Burnes's death in 1784. Subsequently, the family became integrated into the community of Tarbolton. To his father's disapproval, Robert joined a country dancing school in 1779 and, with Gilbert, formed the 1050:(1758–1841), with whom he exchanged passionate letters under pseudonyms (Burns called himself "Sylvander" and Nancy "Clarinda"). When it became clear that Nancy would not be easily seduced into a physical relationship, Burns moved on to 991:

This manuscript copy of 'Address to Edinburgh' written in Burns's hand, was sent in 1787 to Lady Henrietta Don (nee Cunningham), sister to Earl of Glencairn. The manuscript is now part of the Laing Collection at the University of

3854: 1296:

which advocated Parliamentary Reform. His political views came to the notice of his employers, to which he pleaded his innocence. Burns met other radicals at the Globe Inn Dumfries. As an Exciseman he felt compelled to join the

1462:

Burns's style is marked by spontaneity, directness, and sincerity, and ranges from the tender intensity of some of his lyrics through the humour of "Tam o' Shanter" and the satire of "Holy Willie's Prayer" and "The Holy Fair".

4770: 752:

1781/1782 (which included Burns as a participant) the flax shop caught fire and was burnt to the ground. This venture accordingly came to an end, and Burns went home to Lochlea farm. During this time he met and befriended

3290: 1577:. The Edinburgh literati worked to sentimentalise Burns during his life and after his death, dismissing his education by calling him a "heaven-taught ploughman". Burns influenced later Scottish writers, especially 2054:

In 1996, the Isle of Man issued a four-coin set of Crown (5/-) pieces on the themes of "Auld Lang Syne", Edinburgh Castle, Revenue Cutter, and Writing Poems. Tristan da Cunha produced a gold £5 Bicentenary Coin.

1309:

Latterly Burns lived in Dumfries in a two-storey red sandstone house on Mill Hole Brae, now Burns Street. The home is now a museum. He went on long journeys on horseback, often in harsh weather conditions as an

1117:

and is mostly preserved as when Burns and his young family lived there. Burns gave up the farm in 1791 to move to Dumfries. About this time he was offered and declined an appointment in London on the staff of

2722: 4328:

Dylan has revealed his greatest inspiration is Scotland's favourite son, the Bard of Ayrshire, the 18th-century poet known to most as Rabbie Burns. Dylan selected A Red, Red Rose, written by Burns in 1794.

3161: 832:. Douglas' plantations were managed by his brother Charles, and the job offer, which had a salary of £30 per annum, entailed working in Jamaica as a "book-keeper", whose duties included serving as an 3108: 1370:

Armour died on 26 March 1834 and was interred into the Burns Mausoleum on 31 March 1834. The opening of the mausoleum provided an opportunity to exhume Burns body by a local group who believed in

4122: 1198:, with new lyrics. The contributors of lyrics included Burns. While such arrangements had wide popular appeal, Beethoven's music was more advanced and difficult to play than Thomson intended. 5000: 3263: 781:, in March, which they maintained with an uphill fight for the next four years. In mid-1784 Burns came to know a group of girls known collectively as The Belles of Mauchline, one of whom was 1982:

In November 2012, Burns was awarded the title Honorary Chartered Surveyor by The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, the only posthumous membership so far granted by the institution.

1105:

or gauger, which involved long rides and detailed bookkeeping. He was appointed to duties in Customs and Excise in 1789. Burns chose the land of Ellisland a few miles north of the town of

3846: 3660: 3634: 1069:, a struggling music engraver and music seller with a love of old Scots songs and a determination to preserve them. Burns shared this interest and became an enthusiastic contributor to 812:

Burns had encountered financial difficulties due to his lack of success as a farmer. In order to make enough money to support a family, he accepted a job offer from Patrick Douglas, an

4767: 666:

He was given irregular schooling and a lot of his education was with his father, who taught his children reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, and history and also wrote for them

2353: 1792:

proved enormously popular, selling over 600,000 copies. The USSR honoured Burns with a commemorative stamp in 1956. He remains popular in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.

3187: 3286: 1536:—a hypothesis that has been supported by analysis of various samples of his handwriting. Burns himself referred to suffering from episodes of what he called "blue devilism". The 3962: 2188:

in Greenock was held on what was thought to be his birthday on 29 January 1802; in 1803 it was discovered from the Ayr parish records that the correct date was 25 January 1759.

1353:

of Dumfries. Hogg records that Burns was given the freedom of the Burgh of Dumfries on 4 June 1787, 9 years before his death, and was also made an Honorary Burgess of Dumfries.

1292:

Burns alienated some acquaintances by freely expressing sympathy with the French, and American Revolutions, for the advocates of democratic reform and votes for all men and the

1490:

dialect of the English language. Some of his works, such as "Love and Liberty" (also known as "The Jolly Beggars"), are written in both Scots and English for various effects.

963:

Burns postponed his planned emigration to Jamaica on 1 September, and was at Mossgiel two days later when he learnt that Jean Armour had given birth to twins. On 4 September

401:" of English, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest. 4517: 2794: 881:, and sailed home to her parents in Campbeltown. In October 1786, Mary and her father sailed from Campbeltown to visit her brother in Greenock. Her brother fell ill with 2718: 2541: 1322:

long-standing rheumatic heart condition, perhaps beginning when he was 21, and a bacterial infection, possibly arising from a tooth abscess, may have exacerbated this.

5496: 1013: 4014: 2828: 8218: 1521:

of his time, Scottish cultural identity, poverty, sexuality, and the beneficial aspects of popular socialising (carousing, Scotch whisky, folk songs, and so forth).

1046:(1730–1815), who became his occasional sponsor and with whom he corresponded for many years until a rift developed. He embarked on a relationship with the separated 1532:

The strong emotional highs and lows associated with many of Burns's poems have led some, such as Burns biographer Robert Crawford, to suggest that he suffered from

1329:

eventually moved to its final location in the same cemetery, the Burns Mausoleum, in September 1817. The body of his widow Jean Armour was buried with his in 1834.

5501: 4551: 4074: 1405:

It is unknown how many casts were made by Fraser, with some sources reporting three were made. Six casts are known though some may be copies of the original cast.

3157: 1017:, which was published on 17 April 1787. Within a week of this event, Burns had sold his copyright to Creech for 100 guineas. For the edition, Creech commissioned 52: 6089: 5511: 5506: 2348: 4174: 1976:, in the same pose as the one in Dundee. Dunedin's first European settlers were Scots; Thomas Burns, a nephew of Burns, was one of Dunedin's founding fathers. 4701: 4048: 5005: 4315: 4126: 3885: 1623:. Every year, Canadian newspapers publish biographies of the poet, listings of local events and buffet menus. Universities mark the date in a range of ways: 4573: 3474: 2117: 1864:

Significant 19th-century monuments to him stand in Alloway, Leith, and Dumfries. An early 20th-century replica of his birthplace cottage belonging to the

6537: 3100: 2593: 3808: 3055: 6008: 4407: 2384: 2328: 4438: 3534: 2571: 6527: 4148: 3260: 3239: 1615:

Scottish Canadians have embraced Robert Burns as a kind of patron poet and mark his birthday with festivities. 'Robbie Burns Day' is celebrated from

1387:

The group attempted to enter the mausoleum at 7pm. There were many people present in the graveyard and they decided to try again later that evening.

3213: 2024:

The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to honour Burns with a commemorative stamp, marking the 160th anniversary of his death in 1956.

8985: 6002: 4463: 3929:"Burness, Edwina (1986) "The Influence of Burns and Fergusson on the War Poetry of Robert Service," Studies in Scottish Literature:Vol. 21: Iss. 1" 2374: 2032: 758: 4919: 4607: 2133: 3828: 1179:, but the transcription of songs for piano has resulted in them usually being performed in classical concert or music hall styles. At the 3 week 4727: 2975: 2877: 8935: 5330: 4668: 3788: 3377: 924: 2998: 1861:, which he owned from 1788 to 1791, is maintained as a working farm with a museum and interpretation centre by the Friends of Ellisland Farm. 1038:

The new edition of his poems brought Burns £400. His stay in the city also resulted in some lifelong friendships, among which were those with

8975: 3557:"Appointment of judicial factor for Robert Burns's children, Court of Session records (National Archives of Scotland CS97/101/15), 1798–1801" 1390:

The skull was removed and taken to James Fraser, a local plasterer of Queensbury Street, Dumfries. The skull was later returned to the tomb.

1314:

Supervisor, and was kept very busy doing reports. The father of four young children, he was also frequently occupied as a song collector and

3504: 3331: 2490: 709:

was consistently unfortunate, and migrated with his large family from farm to farm without ever being able to improve his circumstances. At

6075: 809:. Although Armour's father initially forbade it, they were married in 1788. Armour bore him nine children, three of whom survived infancy. 4376: 1384:

The night before Armour's funeral, the group was supposedly granted permission to exhume Burns's body by Armour's brother, Robert Armour.

8895: 5435: 3992: 2685: 1381:

editor and phrenologist. Other members of the group included Adam Rankine, James Kerr, James Bogie, Andrew Crombie and their assistants.

837: 4521: 3183: 1250:. He was also a radical for reform and wrote poems for democracy, such as – "Parcel of Rogues to the Nation" and the "Rights of Women". 8905: 6881: 6051: 2379: 1706:

was invited to attend a Robert Burns celebration by Robert Crawford; and if unable to attend, send a toast. Lincoln composed a toast.

4895: 4869: 4751: 3966: 2191:

The format of Burns suppers has changed little since. The basic format starts with a general welcome and announcements, followed with

1612:. While this may not be so obvious in Service's English verse, which is Kiplingesque, it is more readily apparent in his Scots verse. 6023: 4787: 3527:"Testament Dative and Inventory of Robert Burns, 1796, Dumfries Commissary Court (National Archives of Scotland CC5/6/18, pp. 74–75)" 960:", many of which had been written at Mossgiel farm. The success of the work was immediate, and soon he was known across the country. 671: 2802: 8930: 5783: 1039: 1448: 1054:(1766–1792), Nancy's domestic servant, who bore him a son, Robert Burns Clow, in 1788. He also had an affair with a servant girl, 4022: 3135: 3083: 17: 7052: 4350: 8955: 8568: 5490: 5244: 5101: 4817: 2764: 1731:

has been acknowledged by their biographers. When asked for the source of his greatest creative inspiration, singer-songwriter

713:, 1777, he removed his large family from the unfavourable conditions of Mount Oliphant to the 130-acre (0.53 km) farm at 8915: 8477: 6130: 5207: 3940: 3594: 3445: 2959: 2537: 1939: 1190:

Thomson as a publisher commissioned arrangements of "Scottish, Welsh and Irish Airs" by such eminent composers of the day as

8925: 8900: 8148: 6166: 6056: 5574: 4178: 2363: 1635:

quipped of Canada's first Prime Minister that "While the lovable Burns went in for wine, women and song, his fellow Scot,

1293: 996: 570: 2824: 1756:. The poem, actually about a rendezvous, is thought by Caulfield to be about saving people from falling out of childhood. 8814: 8688: 6570: 5407: 1723:": "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley." Burns's influence on American vernacular poets such as 1456: 542: 6975: 4543: 4230: 4070: 2215:

ran a television series and public vote on who was "The Greatest Scot" of all time. Robert Burns won, narrowly beating

1374:, a pseudo-science whose practitioners believed an individual's personality could be predicted by measuring the skulls. 8970: 8834: 7990: 4259: 3914: 2192: 1589: 1022: 846: 821: 729:(b. 1762). In spite of four songs written for her and a suggestion that he was willing to marry her, she rejected him. 62: 3158:"Folksong Arrangements by Haydn / Folksong Arrangements by Haydn and Beethoven / Projects / Home – Trio van Beethoven" 3002: 987: 932:, it sold for 3 shillings and contained much of his best writing, including "The Twa Dogs" (which features Luath, his 6359: 6201: 5763: 4976: 4957: 2709: 2679: 1772:

Russia, he was elevated as the archetypal poet of the people. As a great admirer of the egalitarian ethos behind the

681:

By the age of 15, Burns was the principal labourer at Mount Oliphant. During the harvest of 1774, he was assisted by

589: 6955: 5179: 5086: 3564: 3359: 2646: 1768:

Burns was translated into Russian and became a source of inspiration for the ordinary, oppressed Russian people. In

549: 8990: 8920: 6013: 4693: 4305: 4096: 4044: 2121:

would make its American premiere in Atlantic Beach, FL, at Atlantic Beach Experimental Theatre on 25 January 2013.

1417: 877:

in a traditional form of marriage. Soon afterwards Mary Campbell left her work in Ayrshire, went to the seaport of

6950: 6247: 5197: 3877: 2333: 725:

the following year. His earliest existing letters date from this time, when he began making romantic overtures to

8743: 8492: 6656: 6061: 6028: 5463: 4581: 2127: 2051:

features Brig o' Doon, famous from Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter", and pictures the statue of Burns at that site.

1821: 1231: 464: 428:. In 2009 he was chosen as the greatest Scot by the Scottish public in a vote run by Scottish television channel 202: 7011: 6661: 6435: 4839: 3470: 3458: 1149:

After giving up his farm, he removed to Dumfries. It was at this time that, being requested to write lyrics for

6751: 6181: 6158: 5991: 5969: 5386: 5351: 5189: 3396: 2719:"Letter of Charles Douglas to Patrick Douglas dated Port Antonio 19th June 1786 (page 3 of 3) – Burns Scotland" 2338: 1877: 1850: 1437: 945: 527: 8015: 4253:

Robert Crawford to Abraham Lincoln, Saturday, 23 January 1864 (Invitation to attend Robert Burns celebration).

2597: 556: 8980: 8516: 8500: 8417: 7935: 7047: 7001: 6018: 5964: 5954: 5778: 5758: 5619: 5067: 3805: 3047: 2296: 1343: 1253:

Many of Burns's most famous poems are songs with the music based upon older traditional songs. For example, "

857: 722: 523: 28: 4403: 3825: 3611: 2111:. On 25 January 2008, a musical play about the love affair between Robert Burns and Nancy McLehose entitled 1113:". The Ellisland farm beside the river Nith, now holds a unique collection of Burns's books, artefacts, and 8965: 8945: 8040: 7410: 6191: 6096: 6082: 5216: 5078: 4430: 4152: 3917:, Chapter "Alexander McLachlan: 'The Robert Burns' of Canada", contribution of Edward J. Cowan, pp. 131–149 3526: 2563: 6487: 3235: 2938: 1167:. Arguably his claim to immortality chiefly rests on these volumes, which placed him in the front rank of 8960: 8288: 8103: 7945: 6257: 6206: 5685: 5554: 3209: 2946: 2882: 1846: 1781: 1581:, who fought to dismantle what he felt had become a sentimental cult that dominated Scottish literature. 1537: 773:

Robert and Gilbert made an ineffectual struggle to keep on the farm, but after its failure they moved to

538: 8223: 6552: 4467: 4204: 8748: 8733: 8667: 8561: 7925: 7154: 6666: 5996: 5679: 5268: 5237: 4916: 4603: 2414: 1935: 1780:

who expressed his own egalitarianism in poems such as his "Birthday Ode for George Washington" or his "

1605: 648: 8233: 6899: 6676: 1989:. It now hosts an annual Robert Burns Scottish Festival in celebration of the statue and its history. 1129:, although influential friends offered to support his claims. He did however accept membership of the 459:

of the country. Other poems and songs of Burns that remain well known across the world today include "

8472: 7872: 7823: 6123: 6067: 5718: 4723: 3710: 2963: 2511: 2395: 2220: 1958: 1747: 1616: 1154: 313: 8153: 7310: 7032: 4840:"Clarinda – The Musical – No woman shunned Robert Burns' advances, until he met Clarinda!" 4664: 3785: 2004:

opened and is named after Burns as an honour of Burns having spent time living in nearby Mauchline.

1750:" as his title and a main interpretation of Caulfield's grasping to his childhood in his 1951 novel 1724: 1356:

Through his five surviving children (of 12 born), Burns has over 900 living descendants as of 2019.

1222:, sometimes revising, expanding, and adapting them. One of the better known of these collections is 869:

subject of much conjecture, and it has been suggested that on 14 May 1786 they exchanged Bibles and

8728: 8371: 8193: 8083: 8073: 8010: 7776: 7461: 6522: 6252: 6035: 5883: 5868: 5728: 5393: 5358: 4364:

from: Robert Burns's poem says "if a body meet a body, coming through the rye," not "catch a body."

3661:"Robert Burns: The remarkable night a surgeon robbed the National Bard's grave and stole his skull" 3635:"Robert Burns: The remarkable night a surgeon robbed the National Bard's grave and stole his skull" 2999:"Artists A-Z − − N − Artists A-Z − Online Collection − Collection − National Galleries of Scotland" 1854: 1809: 1452: 1262: 1130: 1110: 1087: 1066: 798: 714: 480: 476: 263: 237: 223: 7950: 7240: 740:

St David, Tarbolton, on 4 July 1781, when he was 22. In December 1781, Burns moved temporarily to

8950: 8784: 8672: 8143: 8000: 7905: 7761: 7190: 6806: 6196: 5949: 5878: 5853: 5848: 5818: 5813: 5748: 5713: 5661: 5317: 5296: 5170: 3496: 3327: 2971: 2487: 2402: 2306: 2301: 1884: 1628: 1562: 1540:

has downplayed the suggestion on the grounds that evidence is insufficient to support the claim.

1502: 1410: 1298: 1126: 953: 754: 516: 303: 275: 7016: 6716: 2700:

Leask, Nigel (25 June 2009). "Burns and the Poetics of Abolition". In Carruthers, Gerard (ed.).

1784:" (commonly known as "A Man's a Man for a' that"), Burns was well placed for endorsement by the 8940: 8779: 8708: 8482: 8437: 8432: 8128: 8020: 7920: 7431: 7205: 7144: 6761: 6532: 5893: 5873: 5643: 5365: 5040: 4891: 4380: 2140: 1927: 1919: 1752: 1365: 675: 670:. He was also taught and tutored by the young teacher John Murdoch (1747–1824), who opened an " 386: 7807: 7680: 7466: 7390: 7275: 6701: 3988: 2851: 2669: 674:" in Alloway in 1763 and taught Latin, French, and mathematics to both Robert and his brother 8995: 8910: 8880: 8693: 8642: 8554: 8487: 8452: 8442: 8376: 8203: 8178: 8138: 8088: 7985: 7838: 7685: 7497: 7354: 7295: 7129: 7124: 7078: 7006: 6945: 6831: 6590: 6237: 6186: 6163: 6043: 5913: 5723: 5625: 5607: 5428: 5282: 5230: 5097: 2343: 2311: 2285: 1966: 1915: 1825: 1598: 1011:. On 14 December William Creech issued subscription bills for the first Edinburgh edition of 850: 806: 7042: 6517: 6502: 8890: 8885: 8824: 8799: 8535: 8108: 7670: 7557: 7482: 7195: 7159: 6861: 6841: 6595: 6282: 6222: 6116: 5898: 5414: 4748: 2095: 2039: 1993: 1986: 1973: 1907: 1873: 1566: 1195: 1163: 885:, which she also caught while nursing him. She died of typhus on 20 or 21 October 1786 and 8208: 8025: 7260: 7037: 6894: 6615: 6580: 5035: 4865: 4791: 3760: 3378:"From his poems and children to his death, everything you need to know about Robert Burns" 2180:

around the world, and is more widely observed in Scotland than the official national day,

563: 8: 8844: 8809: 8764: 8601: 8591: 8467: 8326: 8030: 7915: 7756: 7139: 7134: 6970: 6711: 6646: 6262: 5798: 5667: 5613: 5601: 5400: 5344: 5289: 4996: 2408: 2368: 2322: 2200: 2181: 2107:

won third place at a competition for new musicals in Denmark. Robert Burns was played by

1931: 1911: 1888: 1816: 1773: 1728: 1624: 1570: 1510: 1350: 1243: 1059: 1043: 957: 937: 761:

in 1783, while his father fought a legal dispute with his landlord. The case went to the

694: 689:". In 1775, he was sent to finish his education with a tutor at Kirkoswald, where he met 484: 440: 425: 209: 8118: 7634: 7451: 6991: 6929: 6776: 6605: 5055: 4813: 8718: 8606: 8523: 8243: 8005: 7995: 7880: 7771: 7665: 7507: 7456: 7369: 7265: 7235: 7225: 7073: 6871: 6560: 6452: 6393: 6171: 5979: 5908: 5579: 5107: 1892: 1865: 1558: 1475: 1422: 1339: 1180: 860:, whom he had seen in church while he was still living in Tarbolton. She was born near 757:, who encouraged him to become a poet. He continued to write poems and songs and began 733: 393:

and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the

7405: 7285: 6482: 5164: 3131: 3080: 1230:

of Scotland as late as the 20th century. At Dumfries, he wrote his world famous song "

976: 408:, and after his death he became a great source of inspiration to the founders of both 8713: 8611: 8457: 8427: 8391: 8336: 8258: 8188: 8113: 8050: 7955: 7940: 7910: 7751: 7726: 7700: 7639: 7629: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7180: 7149: 7093: 7088: 6904: 6889: 6811: 6696: 6641: 6565: 6477: 6430: 6333: 6323: 6287: 6153: 5974: 5559: 5127: 4972: 4953: 4340: 3910: 3907:

Robert Burns and Friends (Essays by W. Ormiston Roy Fellows presented to G. Ross Roy)

3590: 3441: 2705: 2675: 2079: 1834:

have been founded worldwide. The first one, known as The Mother Club, was founded in

1777: 1709:

An example of Burns's literary influence in the US is seen in the choice by novelist

1609: 1594: 1498: 1235: 1018: 1000: 929: 886: 829: 813: 417: 58: 7797: 7792: 7675: 6512: 6462: 2772: 1945: 1201:

Burns described how he had to master singing the tune before he composed the words:

1136: 1125:, and refused to become a candidate for a newly created Chair of Agriculture in the 8819: 8804: 8769: 8662: 8063: 7960: 7885: 7802: 7766: 7644: 7619: 7614: 7315: 7305: 7300: 7290: 7280: 7255: 7185: 7108: 7083: 6651: 6600: 6497: 6338: 6328: 6311: 6272: 6267: 6242: 5944: 5918: 5828: 5793: 5738: 5456: 5303: 5211: 5136: 4926: 3414: 2212: 1950: 1805: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1574: 1533: 1514: 1487: 1378: 1281: 964: 941: 762: 741: 682: 429: 421: 230: 8238: 8228: 7446: 7220: 7057: 6721: 6399: 1226:(the title is not Burns's), a collection of bawdy lyrics that were popular in the 8738: 8637: 8616: 8462: 8447: 8422: 8346: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8183: 8168: 8123: 8058: 7930: 7900: 7746: 7741: 7624: 7547: 7537: 7487: 7395: 7270: 7164: 7103: 7098: 6965: 6909: 6826: 6816: 6636: 6620: 6575: 6542: 6415: 6365: 6303: 6292: 5888: 5858: 5773: 5655: 5449: 5372: 5275: 5201: 5090: 4923: 4774: 4755: 4490: 4263: 3928: 3832: 3812: 3792: 3561:'The Legacy of Robert Burns' feature on the National Archives of Scotland website 3363: 3271: 3267: 3087: 2942: 2643:'The Legacy of Robert Burns' feature on the National Archives of Scotland website 2494: 2389: 2290: 2270: 2216: 2047: 1896: 1765: 1736: 1715: 1703: 1578: 1554: 1428: 1258: 1119: 1047: 802: 640: 460: 456: 164: 7843: 6781: 6176: 1639:

did not chase women and was not musical!" 'Gung Haggis Fat Choy' is a hybrid of

8859: 8794: 8789: 8723: 8703: 8698: 8647: 8386: 8356: 8321: 8311: 8293: 8198: 8158: 8093: 7965: 7895: 7736: 7721: 7649: 7593: 7583: 7552: 7532: 7441: 7364: 7344: 7329: 7250: 7210: 6914: 6866: 6796: 6691: 6671: 6610: 6507: 6371: 6297: 5928: 5923: 5788: 5673: 5637: 5544: 5379: 3735: 3685: 3048:"Robert Burns Country: The Burns Encyclopedia: Johnson, James (c. 1750 — 1811)" 2236: 2108: 2063: 1789: 1743: 1710: 1678: 1631:'s Centre for Scottish Studies organized a marathon reading of Burns's poetry. 1483: 1254: 1204: 706: 690: 632: 444: 394: 348: 293: 188: 154: 8401: 7970: 6996: 6960: 6771: 5123: 2033:

issued by the Royal Mail to commemorate the 250th anniversary of Burns's birth

1788:

regime as a "progressive" artist. A new translation of Burns begun in 1924 by

1153:, he responded by contributing over 100 songs. He made major contributions to 424:

during the 19th and 20th centuries, and his influence has long been strong on

8874: 8657: 8652: 8396: 8361: 8351: 8331: 8263: 8213: 8078: 8068: 7853: 7828: 7716: 7690: 7578: 7359: 7230: 6836: 6766: 6741: 6731: 6686: 6386: 5733: 5691: 5569: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5442: 5310: 4991: 4226: 4123:"Fans of Robbie Burns' poetry at SFU attempt to break their own world record" 3459:

https://theedinburghreporter.co.uk/2023/08/the-fake-news-about-rabbie-burns/#

3356: 2256: 2001: 1962: 1900: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1663: 1518: 1506: 1494: 933: 874: 774: 737: 726: 686: 655: 452: 398: 216: 7588: 4642: 4256: 3184:"Thomson's Select Melodies of Scotland, Ireland and Wales (Thomson, George)" 420:

around the world. Celebration of his life and work became almost a national

8849: 8366: 8341: 8316: 8283: 8253: 8173: 8133: 8035: 7980: 7890: 7858: 7848: 7833: 7573: 7436: 7426: 7400: 7245: 7200: 6924: 6856: 6846: 6736: 6681: 6492: 6410: 6381: 6232: 5986: 5903: 5863: 5843: 5838: 5823: 5803: 5708: 5549: 5160: 5156: 5113: 4310: 4251:

Crawford, Robert. "The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress."

2358: 2317: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2156: 2103: 2087: 2017: 1769: 1644: 1569:

greatly. His direct literary influences in the use of Scots in poetry were

1394: 1239: 1191: 1187:

each January, Burns songs are often performed with both fiddle and guitar.

1168: 1026: 922:

On 31 July 1786 John Wilson published the volume of works by Robert Burns,

825: 7731: 5174: 4201:"Gung HAGGIS Fat Choy: Toddish McWong's Misadventures in Multiculturalism" 2042:£5 note from 1971 to 2009. On the reverse of the note was a vignette of a 1325:

On the morning of 21 July 1796, Burns died in Dumfries, at the age of 37.

1273: 1092: 602: 8632: 8381: 8248: 8098: 7695: 7598: 7542: 7349: 7215: 6919: 6851: 6585: 6446: 6405: 6354: 6227: 6139: 5959: 5833: 5808: 5753: 5743: 5649: 5631: 5595: 5564: 5421: 5083: 3909:, Patrick Scott & Kenneth Simson, eds., Book Surge Publishing, 2012, 3556: 2638: 2279: 2185: 2122: 2091: 1831: 1466:

Burns's poetry drew upon a substantial familiarity with and knowledge of

1377:

The group was led by Archibald Blacklock, a surgeon, and John McDiarmid,

1114: 1055: 865: 842: 782: 644: 405: 369: 353: 327: 174: 4100: 8854: 7502: 6821: 6801: 6791: 6440: 6277: 5768: 5337: 5324: 5194: 5044: 5010: 4345: 2059: 2028: 2012: 1746:

used protagonist Holden Caulfield's misinterpretation of Burns's poem "

1720: 1371: 1315: 1227: 1051: 949: 911: 833: 786: 530: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 472: 468: 436: 409: 195: 5074: 8163: 7492: 7374: 6706: 6425: 4945: 2161: 1858: 1785: 1732: 1671: 1667: 1648: 1219: 1008: 778: 765:, and Burnes was upheld in January 1784, a fortnight before he died. 718: 636: 413: 4843: 4488:

Poet in motion – Robert Burns takes to the rails for the third time

1910:, the majority of the streets have names with Burns connotations. A 505: 8303: 5145: 4990: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 2224: 2143:

wrote the words and Henry Tucker wrote the music for a song called

2043: 1839: 1835: 1467: 1286: 1106: 897: 878: 749: 693:(born 1762), to whom he wrote two songs, "Now Westlin' Winds" and " 610: 448: 390: 104: 87: 5141: 4986: 4227:"What do you get when you fuse Robbie Burns to Chinese Canadians?" 3878:"Bard in the hand: Trust accused of hiding Burns's mental illness" 3432: 3430: 3428: 2115:

premiered in Edinburgh before touring Scotland. The plan was that

8596: 7975: 6726: 6317: 5050: 4969:

The Canongate Burns: The Complete Poems and Songs of Robert Burns

3607: 2435: 2354:

Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (Second Edinburgh Edition)

2074: 1997: 1869: 1620: 1184: 1176: 817: 710: 628: 385:, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the 83: 5117: 3328:"MS: 'The Dumfries Volunteers' – Robert Burns Birthplace Museum" 2250: 2165:"Great chieftain o' the puddin-race!" – cutting the haggis at a 1659: 849:

was just beginning to be broadly active. Burns's authorship of "

8546: 6420: 5474: 5222: 5062: 4293:, Atlanta: Georgia State Department of Education, pp. 8–14 3425: 2935: 2639:"Mauchline kirk session records, National Archives of Scotland" 2196: 1687: 1311: 1172: 1102: 915: 882: 861: 659: 6108: 4099:. McMaster University Library. 24 January 2013. Archived from 845:. Apologists have argued in Burns's defence that in 1786, the 435:

As well as making original compositions, Burns also collected

8577: 4200: 1479: 1471: 981: 5009:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. pp. 62–64 – via 4866:"Clarinda – The Musical – United States Premiere!" 4063: 856:

Around the same time, Burns fell in love with a woman named

6376: 4466:. The Robert Burns World Federation Limited. Archived from 3415:"Final years - Robert Burns - National Library of Scotland" 1159:

A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice

870: 745: 381:(25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796), also known familiarly as 5021:, Biographical Novel, Neues Leben, Berlin 1990 (in German) 2996: 1524: 1007:

On 27 November 1786 Burns borrowed a pony and set out for

4814:"THE SONGS OF ROBERT BURNS from the Scots Musical Museum" 1914:

steam locomotive was named after him, along with a later

1528:

Statue of Burns in Dumfries town centre, unveiled in 1882

624: 3471:"Thomas Hamilton, architect – Joe Rock's Research Pages" 3236:"12 Schottische Lieder, WoO 156 (Beethoven, Ludwig van)" 1739:" as the lyric that had the biggest effect on his life. 1482:

tradition. Burns was skilled in writing not only in the

685:(1759–1820), who inspired his first attempt at poetry, " 6090:

The Poetical Works of Janet Little, The Scotch Milkmaid

4283:, Paul Stevenson, "Stanton—the Writer with a Heart" in 4151:. Simon Fraser University. January 2013. Archived from 3310: 3308: 3261:"Ludwig and Rabbie: a partnership that ended in tears". 3210:"25 Schottische Lieder, Op.108 (Beethoven, Ludwig van)" 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2349:

Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (London Edition)

1257:" is set to the traditional tune "Can Ye Labour Lea", " 2878:"Remaking our histories: Scotland, Slavery and Empire" 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2195:. After the grace comes the piping and cutting of the 2176:, is celebrated on Burns's birthday, 25 January, with 1930:

to launch the new Burns Line services between Girvan,

1918:

electric locomotive, No. 87035. On 24 September 1996,

1895:

in the United States. Towns named after Burns include

1517:, class inequalities, gender roles, commentary on the 5186:

A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature

5006:

A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature

3989:"Robbie Burns' life celebrated with poetry and music" 3818: 3075: 3073: 1719:, taken from a line in the second-to-last stanza of " 1285:

Robert Burns Mausoleum at St Michael's churchyard in

5180:

Modern English translations of poems by Robert Burns

4518:"Posthumous recognition of Burns, the land surveyor" 3965:. The Western Start. 25 January 2013. Archived from 3608:"Burness Genealogy and Family History – Person Page" 3305: 3017: 2246: 1694:. It was moved back to its original location in the 654:

He was born in a house built by his father (now the

4306:"Bob Dylan: Robert Burns is my biggest inspiration" 3284: 2825:"Folkin' For Jamaica: Sly, Robbie and Robert Burns" 2612: 2596:. The Robert Burns World Federation. Archived from 1218:Burns also worked to collect and preserve Scottish 748:-dresser, but during the workers' celebrations for 4431:"Oldest Burns club opens its doors to the lassies" 4291:Frank Lebby Stanton: Georgia's First Post Laureate 4266:(accessed 20 January 2013). Lincoln's toast: see 4015:"Ian Hunter: Robbie Burns was the everyman's poet" 3070: 2957: 2329:List of 18th-century British working-class writers 2239:on the planet Mercury has been named after Burns. 2219:. A bust of Burns is in the Hall of Heroes of the 1242:, one of the chief political theoreticians of the 1021:to paint the oval bust-length portrait now in the 4177:. City of Kingston (Ontario). n.d. Archived from 4125:. Global TV (BC). 25 January 2013. Archived from 4097:"Happy Robbie Burns Day from the 'Bard' Himself!" 1246:. Burns sent the poem anonymously in 1795 to the 1175:and the guitar of the period which was akin to a 1029:, who described him later with great admiration: 980:Burns statue by David Watson Stevenson (1898) in 8872: 4688: 4686: 4379:. Standrews.com. 27 January 1990. Archived from 635:(1721–1784), a self-educated tenant farmer from 416:, and a cultural icon in Scotland and among the 6009:Robert Burns's Interleaved Scots Musical Museum 2801:. Scotland.org. 13 January 2004. Archived from 2759: 2757: 2755: 2434:Burns is also known by various other names and 2385:Robert Burns's Interleaved Scots Musical Museum 1764:Burns became the "people's poet" of Russia. In 4726:. The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. 4667:. The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. 4229:. Ugly Chinese Canadian.com. 17 January 2013. 4175:"In Sir John A.'s Footsteps: The Virtual Tour" 3778: 3563:. National Archives of Scotland. 1 July 2009. 3351: 3349: 2645:. National Archives of Scotland. 1 July 2009. 1800: 623:Burns was born two miles (3 km) south of 397:, although much of his writing is in a "light 8562: 6124: 5238: 4683: 4288: 3798: 3275:, 2 December 2005. Retrieved 23 December 2015 2540:. National Records of Scotland. 31 May 2013. 2101:In 1996, a musical about Burns's life called 1985:The oldest statue of Burns is in the town of 6076:The Marriage of Robin Redbreast and the Wren 5098:"Archival material relating to Robert Burns" 4967:Burns, R (2003). Noble, A; Hogg, PS (eds.). 2752: 1261:" is set to the tune of "Major Graham" and " 4950:Rhymer Rab: An Anthology of Poems and Prose 4724:"Current Banknotes : Bank of Scotland" 4694:"Clydesdale launches Homecoming bank notes" 4544:"Robbie Burns Day: 10 facts you never knew" 4149:"Ceremonies & Events: Robbie Burns Day" 4047:. Metro News.ca (Regina). 25 January 2013. 4045:"Regina weekend round up: Robbie Burns Day" 3761:"Plaster cast of the skull of Robert Burns" 3346: 2968:Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen 2964:"Significant Scots – Thomas Blacklock" 2661: 1627:library organized a special collection and 1359: 1304: 8569: 8555: 6131: 6117: 5245: 5231: 5163: 5106: 4716: 4665:"Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank" 4657: 3589:. Edinburgh : Mainstream Publishing. 3440:. Edinburgh : Mainstream Publishing. 2704:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 51. 1979:A crater on Mercury is named after Burns. 1400: 1140:Ellisland Farm in the time of Robert Burns 455:" served for a long time as an unofficial 51: 6003:Robert Burns's Commonplace Book 1783–1785 4892:"Our Own Robbie Burns (Tucker, Henry L.)" 4604:"Burns House Museum, Mauchline – Museums" 4458: 4456: 4257:http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/malquery.html 3658: 3632: 3129: 3101:"Diploma of the Royal Company of Archers" 2916: 2914: 2912: 2742: 2740: 2375:Robert Burns's Commonplace Book 1783–1785 2066:featuring a quote from "Auld Lang Syne". 1553:Burns is generally classified as a proto- 590:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:For other people named Robert Burns, see 5436:Oh, whistle and I'll come to you, my lad 5210:historical marker near Burns Cottage in 5175:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) 4842:. Clarindathemusical.com. Archived from 4520:. RICS. 19 November 2012. Archived from 4303: 4287:, 1925 January 18, p. 1; republished by 2875: 2667: 2538:"Hall of Fame: Robert Burns (1759–1796)" 2160: 2134:The Songs of Robert Burns Deluxe Edition 2073: 2011: 1944: 1815: 1804: 1677: 1658: 1588: 1523: 1447: 1280: 1272: 1203: 1135: 1091: 995: 986: 975: 896: 609: 601: 439:from across Scotland, often revising or 8986:Members of the Royal Company of Archers 6052:Robert Burns's diamond point engravings 4406:. Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture. 3926: 2931: 2929: 2380:Robert Burns's diamond point engravings 1845:Burns's birthplace in Alloway is now a 14: 8873: 5491:Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 4995: 4628:Robert Burns World Federation Limited 4453: 4441:from the original on 12 September 2022 4428: 3875: 3844: 3659:Alexander, Michael (23 January 2021). 3633:Alexander, Michael (23 January 2021). 3375: 3314: 3034: 3005:from the original on 12 September 2022 2909: 2849: 2737: 2688:from the original on 12 September 2022 2625: 2007: 1234:", which was based on the writings in 1014:Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish dialect 925:Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish dialect 631:, the eldest of the seven children of 606:The Burns Cottage in Alloway, Ayrshire 490: 36:Scottish poet and lyricist (1759–1796) 8936:Infectious disease deaths in Scotland 8550: 8478:Romanticism and the French Revolution 6112: 5226: 4966: 4943: 4898:from the original on 6 September 2015 4872:from the original on 29 November 2013 4341:"J. D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye" 4318:from the original on 3 September 2014 3991:. Nanaimo Bulletin. 25 January 2013. 3736:"Cast of the Cranium of Robert Burns" 3686:"Cast of the Cranium of Robert Burns" 3614:from the original on 15 December 2018 3507:from the original on 3 September 2014 3293:from the original on 23 December 2015 3242:from the original on 23 December 2015 3216:from the original on 23 December 2015 2920: 2903: 2769:Famous Sons and Daughters of Greenock 2746: 2699: 2544:from the original on 28 December 2020 2518:. Scottish Executive. 25 January 2008 1940:Strathclyde Partnership for Transport 1824:, by the Robert Burns Association of 1604:Burns had a significant influence on 8976:People of the Scottish Enlightenment 6057:Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate 5575:Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate 4788:"The 2009 Robert Burns £2 Coin Pack" 4610:from the original on 11 January 2021 4574:"Camperdown's Robert Burns Festival" 4464:"Congratulation Greenock Burns Club" 4401: 4233:from the original on 26 January 2016 4207:from the original on 16 January 2013 4073:. Canadian Living. 25 January 2013. 4051:from the original on 3 February 2014 3995:from the original on 2 February 2014 3857:from the original on 18 January 2009 3477:from the original on 2 December 2020 3394: 3285:Beethoven-Haus Bonn (1 April 2002). 3190:from the original on 26 January 2016 3111:from the original on 26 January 2016 3058:from the original on 25 October 2015 2978:from the original on 3 February 2010 2926: 2831:from the original on 28 January 2021 2771:. Nostalgic Greenock. Archived from 2364:Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate 1418:The Hunterian, University of Glasgow 1332: 1294:Society of the Friends of the People 1065:In Edinburgh, in early 1787, he met 901:Title page of the Kilmarnock Edition 892: 801:, was born to his mother's servant, 528:adding citations to reliable sources 499: 8835:Makar or National Poet for Scotland 5408:Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation 4820:from the original on 5 October 2013 4730:from the original on 3 October 2008 4671:from the original on 3 October 2008 4643:"Stamps show great British designs" 3943:from the original on 3 January 2014 3711:"Cast of the skull of Robert Burns" 3567:from the original on 8 October 2009 3334:from the original on 6 October 2018 2702:Edinburgh Companion to Robert Burns 2649:from the original on 8 October 2009 2069: 1878:list of Burns memorials and statues 1457:Victoria Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia 1265:" is set to the "Cameronian Rant". 705:Despite his ability and character, 404:He is regarded as a pioneer of the 24: 8896:18th-century Scottish male writers 4630:Burns chronicle, Volume 4, Issue 3 4077:from the original on 28 April 2012 3537:from the original on 26 April 2016 3397:"The fake news about Rabbie Burns" 2827:. The Play Ethic. 1 January 2009. 2795:"Feature on The Poet Robert Burns" 2725:from the original on 2 August 2016 2674:. Random House. pp. 222–223. 2668:Crawford, Robert (30 April 2011). 2574:from the original on 23 April 2020 1505:, which he expressed covertly in " 1268: 1023:Scottish National Portrait Gallery 63:Scottish National Portrait Gallery 25: 9007: 8906:18th-century Scottish songwriters 5188:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 5026: 4777:Retrieved : 27 November 2011 4758:Retrieved : 27 November 2011 4704:from the original on 12 June 2012 4554:from the original on 21 July 2015 4507:issue 290 23 October 1996 page 53 4353:from the original on 12 June 2010 4021:. 25 January 2013. Archived from 3888:from the original on 10 June 2009 3795:." Retrieved on 24 September 2010 3533:. National Archives of Scotland. 3376:Hughes, David (25 January 2023). 3366:." Retrieved on 24 September 2010 3164:from the original on 4 March 2016 3138:from the original on 4 March 2016 3090:." Retrieved on 24 September 2010 2876:Williams, Lisa (9 October 2016). 2090:, in collaboration with composer 1443: 1349:Burns was posthumously given the 1208:Burns House in Dumfries, Scotland 1096:The River Nith at Ellisland Farm. 1081: 451:(the last day of the year), and " 8576: 8531: 8530: 5473: 5252: 5149: 5118:L. Tom Perry Special Collections 5114:Guide to Robert Burns collection 5093:at National Archives of Scotland 5061: 5049: 5034: 4985: 4917:Robert Burns voted Greatest Scot 4410:from the original on 5 June 2011 4289:Perry, LL; Wightman, MF (1938), 3927:Burness, Edwina (January 1986). 3835:" Retrieved on 24 September 2010 3815:" Retrieved on 24 September 2010 3081:Poetry – Poems – Poets 2997:National Galleries of Scotland. 2850:Mullen, Stephen (4 March 2016). 2263: 2249: 2206: 2184:. The first Burns supper in The 2172:Burns Night, in effect a second 2150: 1957:Several streets surrounding the 1953:, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 1713:of the title of his 1937 novel, 1654: 1076: 919:one friend's house to another." 504: 368: 8931:Members of Crochallan Fencibles 6138: 6062:Robert Burns Humanitarian Award 4936: 4910: 4884: 4858: 4832: 4806: 4780: 4761: 4742: 4635: 4622: 4596: 4566: 4536: 4510: 4497: 4482: 4422: 4395: 4369: 4333: 4297: 4273: 4245: 4219: 4193: 4167: 4141: 4115: 4089: 4037: 4007: 3981: 3955: 3920: 3900: 3869: 3838: 3753: 3728: 3703: 3678: 3652: 3626: 3600: 3579: 3549: 3519: 3489: 3463: 3451: 3407: 3388: 3369: 3320: 3278: 3254: 3228: 3202: 3176: 3150: 3123: 3093: 3040: 2990: 2951: 2897: 2869: 2843: 2817: 2787: 2765:"Highland Mary (Mary Campbell)" 2594:"Robert Burns 1759 – 1796" 2128:Sings the Songs of Robert Burns 1682:Statue of Burns and Luath, his 792: 647:(1732–1820), the daughter of a 515:needs additional citations for 5133:Works by or about Robert Burns 4971:. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. 4304:Michaels, S (6 October 2008). 3933:Studies in Scottish Literature 3847:"The Bard, By Robert Crawford" 3587:Robert Burns. The Patriot Bard 3438:Robert Burns. The Patriot Bard 3395:Mair, George (4 August 2023). 3132:"Robert Burns the Song Writer" 2631: 2586: 2556: 2530: 2504: 2480: 2428: 2339:List of Robert Burns memorials 2137:, about the work of the poet. 1972:There is a statue of Burns in 1851:Robert Burns Birthplace Museum 1438:Robert Burns Birthplace Museum 1436:National Trust for Scotland's 1277:The death room of Robert Burns 1161:as well as to James Johnson's 847:Scottish abolitionist movement 658:Museum), where he lived until 13: 1: 8956:Scottish folk-song collectors 8501:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 5965:Robert Burns World Federation 5779:Alexander Cunningham (lawyer) 5184:Cousin, John William (1910). 4929:. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 4494:issue 282 3 July 1996 page 52 3845:Rumens, C (16 January 2009). 2852:"The myth of Scottish slaves" 2473: 1922:diesel unit 156433 was named 1912:British Rail Standard Class 7 1838:in 1801 by merchants born in 910:to John Wilson, a printer in 687:O, Once I Lov'd A Bonnie Lass 29:Robert Burns (disambiguation) 8916:Calvinist and Reformed poets 6097:A Manual of Religious Belief 6083:The Merry Muses of Caledonia 5219:at Dartmouth College Library 5079:National Library of Scotland 4632:p.27. Burns Federation, 1995 2334:People on Scottish banknotes 1876:. These are part of a large 1735:selected Burns's 1794 song " 1543: 1224:The Merry Muses of Caledonia 971: 768: 700: 668:A Manual of Christian Belief 7: 8926:Literary critics of English 8901:18th-century Scottish poets 8758:18th century – 20th century 5555:The Hermitage, Friars Carse 5387:My Heart's in the Highlands 5352:The Cotter's Saturday Night 5148:(public domain audiobooks) 4429:Gordon, Carl (7 May 1980). 3853:. London: The Independent. 2958:Rev. Thos. Thomson (1856). 2947:National Trust for Scotland 2883:National Galleries Scotland 2242: 2027:The UK postal service, the 1847:National Trust for Scotland 1801:Landmarks and organisations 1782:Is There for Honest Poverty 1702:In January 1864, President 1538:National Trust for Scotland 1499:French Revolutionary period 1393:A plaster cast was sent to 1144: 946:The Cotter's Saturday Night 495: 443:them. His poem (and song) " 10: 9012: 8749:John Stewart of Baldynneis 8734:Robert Sempill the younger 8668:John Stewart of Baldynneis 8418:Coleridge's theory of life 5955:Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton 5217:The Papers of Robert Burns 5120:, Brigham Young University 4071:"Robbie Burns buffet menu" 2512:"Scotland's National Bard" 2415:Thomas White (headteacher) 2154: 2038:Burns was pictured on the 1883:Organisations include the 1795: 1548: 1478:, as well as the Scottish 1363: 1085: 618: 304:Dumfries Volunteer Company 26: 8971:Scottish male songwriters 8833: 8757: 8681: 8625: 8584: 8510: 8473:Romanticism and economics 8410: 8302: 8049: 7871: 7816: 7785: 7709: 7658: 7607: 7566: 7475: 7419: 7383: 7337: 7328: 7173: 7117: 7066: 7025: 6984: 6938: 6880: 6750: 6629: 6551: 6488:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 6470: 6461: 6347: 6215: 6146: 6068:The Loves of Robert Burns 5937: 5701: 5588: 5522: 5482: 5471: 5464:A Man's A Man for A' That 5260: 4922:24 September 2014 at the 4402:Trew, J (10 April 2005). 3876:Watson, J (7 June 2009). 3831:12 September 2022 at the 2396:The World of Robert Burns 2230: 2221:National Wallace Monument 2125:has released two albums, 1959:Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. 1759: 1617:Newfoundland and Labrador 1584: 1299:Royal Dumfries Volunteers 1232:A Man's a Man for A' That 723:Tarbolton Bachelors' Club 465:A Man's a Man for A' That 367: 362: 341: 333: 323: 319: 314:French Revolutionary Wars 309: 299: 289: 281: 269: 259: 254: 247: 203:A Man's a Man for A' That 180: 170: 160: 150: 127: 119: 115:Burns Mausoleum, Dumfries 111: 94: 70: 50: 43: 6253:German historical school 5359:The Battle of Sherramuir 5032:Biographical information 4262:19 February 2018 at the 3497:"Robert Burns Mausoleum" 3362:19 February 2015 at the 2516:scottishexecutive.gov.uk 2456:Scotland's favourite son 2421: 2078:Engraved version of the 1891:in New Zealand, and the 1633:Senator Heath Macquarrie 1360:Removal of Burns's skull 1305:Failing health and death 1263:The Battle of Sherramuir 1151:The Melodies of Scotland 1131:Royal Company of Archers 1088:Ellisland Farm, Dumfries 1071:The Scots Musical Museum 614:Inside the Burns Cottage 477:The Battle of Sherramuir 238:The Battle of Sherramuir 8991:Scottish civil servants 8921:Freemasonry in Scotland 8785:Alicia Ann Spottiswoode 6900:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 5950:Glenriddell Manuscripts 5814:Robert Graham of Fintry 5620:Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns 5297:Epitaph for James Smith 4404:"From Rabbie with love" 3811:8 December 2010 at the 3791:16 October 2013 at the 3531:ScotlandsPeople website 2941:6 February 2021 at the 2403:William Burns (saddler) 2307:Glenriddell Manuscripts 2302:Elizabeth Riddell Burns 2297:Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns 2199:, when Burns's famous " 2062:issued a commemorative 1885:Robert Burns Fellowship 1629:Simon Fraser University 1563:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1425:, a museum in Edinburgh 1411:University of Edinburgh 1401:Number of plaster casts 1127:University of Edinburgh 954:Epitaph for James Smith 276:British Volunteer Corps 18:Elizabeth Riddell Burns 8780:Robert Louis Stevenson 8682:c. 1560 – 17th century 8483:Romanticism in science 8438:Middle Ages in history 8433:List of Romantic poets 7145:Josiah Gilbert Holland 5844:Jean Lorimer (Chloris) 5366:The Birks of Aberfeldy 5204:at the British Library 5089:8 October 2009 at the 5084:Legacy of Robert Burns 5054:Quotations related to 4952:. London: Black Swan. 4816:. Jean Redpath Sings. 3401:The Edinburgh Reporter 2568:The Burns Encyclopedia 2460:Robden of Solway Firth 2399:(educational software) 2318:Jean Lorimer (Chloris) 2169: 2083: 2021: 1954: 1924:The Kilmarnock Edition 1828: 1813: 1753:The Catcher in the Rye 1748:Comin' Through the Rye 1699: 1686:, in Winthrop Square, 1675: 1651:since the late 1990s. 1608:and some influence on 1601: 1529: 1459: 1289: 1278: 1216: 1209: 1141: 1097: 1056:Margaret "May" Cameron 1048:Agnes "Nancy" McLehose 1036: 1004: 993: 984: 902: 799:Elizabeth "Bess" Burns 615: 607: 8694:Alexander Montgomerie 8453:Romantic epistemology 8443:Opium and Romanticism 7012:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 6238:Counter-Enlightenment 5724:John Bacon (landlord) 5626:James Glencairn Burns 5608:Francis Wallace Burns 5331:The Kilmarnock volume 5283:Man Was Made to Mourn 5157:Works by Robert Burns 5142:Works by Robert Burns 5124:Works by Robert Burns 5070:at Wikimedia Commons 4773:15 March 2012 at the 3501:Undiscovered Scotland 3287:"Beethoven-Haus Bonn" 2344:Poems by David Sillar 2312:James Glencairn Burns 2286:Alexander Tait (poet) 2164: 2077: 2015: 1967:Boston, Massachusetts 1948: 1826:Jacksonville, Florida 1819: 1808: 1681: 1662: 1592: 1527: 1497:(he lived during the 1451: 1433:East Ayrshire Museums 1284: 1276: 1211: 1207: 1139: 1095: 1031: 1003:, Robert Burns (1828) 999: 990: 982:Bernard Street, Leith 979: 900: 873:their troth over the 797:Burns's first child, 744:to learn to become a 613: 605: 282:Years of service 57:Portrait of Burns by 8981:Scots-language poets 8800:Sydney Goodsir Smith 8517:Age of Enlightenment 6159:England (literature) 5970:Bust of Robert Burns 5415:Ye Jacobites by Name 5318:Holy Willie's Prayer 5269:Comin' Thro' the Rye 5102:UK National Archives 5075:Robert Burns website 4997:Cousin, John William 4578:Victorian Government 4285:Atlanta Constitution 3740:heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk 3690:heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk 2799:Robert Burns History 2600:on 27 September 2011 2493:25 June 2008 at the 2145:Our Own Robbie Burns 2096:Scots Musical Museum 1994:Robert Burns Academy 1987:Camperdown, Victoria 1974:The Octagon, Dunedin 1908:Summerhill, Dumfries 1849:property called the 1725:James Whitcomb Riley 1567:Percy Bysshe Shelley 1557:, and he influenced 1493:His themes included 1453:Tam O’Shanter's Ride 1344:Alexander Cunningham 1196:Ludwig van Beethoven 1164:Scots Musical Museum 785:, the daughter of a 524:improve this article 8966:Scottish male poets 8946:People from Alloway 8810:George Campbell Hay 8468:Romantic psychology 6263:Hudson River School 6207:Sweden (literature) 6192:Russia (literature) 5799:Alexander Findlater 5614:William Nicol Burns 5602:Robert Burns Junior 5345:To a Mountain Daisy 5290:Address to the Deil 4868:. abettheatre.com. 4794:on 18 December 2008 4754:25 May 2012 at the 4700:. 14 January 2009. 4550:. 21 January 2015. 4383:on 11 December 2004 4181:on 19 February 2013 4129:on 16 February 2013 4025:on 16 February 2013 3765:Capital Collections 3266:1 July 2017 at the 3086:12 May 2011 at the 3052:www.robertburns.org 2805:on 27 February 2009 2775:on 20 February 2010 2409:William Nicol Burns 2369:Robert Burns Junior 2323:John Burns (farmer) 2201:Address to a Haggis 2008:Stamps and currency 1889:University of Otago 1729:Frank Lebby Stanton 1625:McMaster University 1606:Alexander McLachlan 1511:Scottish patriotism 1409:Anatomical Museum, 1366:Robert Burns' skull 1351:freedom of the town 1244:American Revolution 1044:Frances Anna Dunlop 958:To a Mountain Daisy 938:Address to the Deil 491:Life and background 447:" is often sung at 426:Scottish literature 8961:Scottish lyricists 8719:Elizabeth Melville 6453:White Mountain art 6394:Historical fiction 6202:Spain (literature) 5622:(natural daughter) 5429:The Slave's Lament 5200:7 May 2017 at the 5039:Works by or about 5017:Dietrich Hohmann: 4470:on 26 January 2010 4435:The Glasgow Herald 4155:on 2 February 2014 4103:on 1 February 2014 3969:on 1 February 2014 3882:Scotland on Sunday 2501:, 19 January 2008. 2170: 2084: 2022: 1955: 1893:Burns Club Atlanta 1880:around the world. 1866:Burns Club Atlanta 1829: 1814: 1778:French Revolutions 1700: 1676: 1602: 1593:Burns Monument in 1559:William Wordsworth 1530: 1476:English literature 1460: 1290: 1279: 1210: 1181:Celtic Connections 1142: 1098: 1005: 994: 985: 903: 851:The Slave's Lament 834:assistant overseer 814:absentee landowner 759:a commonplace book 616: 608: 8868: 8867: 8714:Christian Lindsay 8626:c. 1460 – c. 1560 8612:Andrew of Wyntoun 8585:c. 1370 – c. 1460 8544: 8543: 8458:Romantic medicine 8428:List of romantics 7867: 7866: 7518:Felix Mendelssohn 7513:Fanny Mendelssohn 7324: 7323: 7038:Rosalía de Castro 6976:Soares dos Passos 6324:Transcendentalism 6288:Nazarene movement 6248:Düsseldorf School 6106: 6105: 5764:Margaret Chalmers 5560:Irvine Burns Club 5459:" (revised, 1794) 5128:Project Gutenberg 5066:Media related to 5019:Ich, Robert Burns 4944:Burns, R (1993). 4846:on 9 October 2006 4377:"Burns Biography" 4255:23 January 1864. 3595:978-1-84596-412-2 3585:Hogg, PS (2008). 3446:978-1-84596-412-2 3436:Hogg, PS (2008). 2564:"Burnes, William" 2488:The People's Poet 2193:the Selkirk Grace 2080:Alexander Nasmyth 1906:In the suburb of 1595:Dorchester Square 1333:After Burns death 1236:The Rights of Man 1062:" as a farewell. 1019:Alexander Nasmyth 1001:Alexander Nasmyth 930:Kilmarnock volume 893:Kilmarnock volume 864:and had lived in 822:sugar plantations 820:, to work on his 732:Robert Burns was 600: 599: 592: 574: 418:Scottish diaspora 406:Romantic movement 376: 375: 171:Literary movement 59:Alexander Nasmyth 16:(Redirected from 9003: 8820:Hamish Henderson 8770:Robert Fergusson 8744:William Drummond 8663:Richard Maitland 8571: 8564: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8534: 8533: 8493:Evolution theory 7335: 7334: 6468: 6467: 6329:Ukrainian school 6133: 6126: 6119: 6110: 6109: 5945:The Geddes Burns 5919:Robert Tannahill 5829:Nelly Kilpatrick 5794:Robert Fergusson 5739:Thomas Blacklock 5682:(brother-in-law) 5477: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5212:Atlanta, Georgia 5167: 5153: 5152: 5137:Internet Archive 5110: 5105: 5065: 5053: 5038: 5014: 4989: 4982: 4963: 4930: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4790:. Archived from 4784: 4778: 4765: 4759: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4580:. Archived from 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4524:on 15 April 2013 4514: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4358: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4277: 4271: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3924: 3918: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3842: 3836: 3824:Red Star Cafe: " 3822: 3816: 3802: 3796: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3604: 3598: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3434: 3423: 3422: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3373: 3367: 3357:The R.B. Gallery 3353: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3282: 3276: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3097: 3091: 3077: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2955: 2949: 2933: 2924: 2918: 2907: 2906:, pp. 19–20 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2761: 2750: 2744: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2508: 2502: 2484: 2467: 2448:Bard of Ayrshire 2438:. These include 2432: 2273: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2182:St. Andrew's Day 2141:Alfred B. Street 2086:In 1976, singer 2070:Musical tributes 1951:Treasury Gardens 1949:Burns statue in 1822:Springfield Park 1647:, celebrated in 1645:Robbie Burns Day 1641:Chinese New Year 1599:Montréal, Québec 1575:Robert Fergusson 1534:manic depression 1488:Scottish English 1486:but also in the 1379:Dumfries Courier 1248:Glasgow Magazine 965:Thomas Blacklock 887:was buried there 789:from Mauchline. 763:Court of Session 683:Nelly Kilpatrick 672:adventure school 595: 588: 584: 581: 575: 573: 532: 508: 500: 422:charismatic cult 372: 271: 255:Military Service 101: 80: 78: 55: 41: 40: 21: 9011: 9010: 9006: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8871: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8837: 8829: 8815:Alexander Scott 8753: 8739:Francis Sempill 8689:Alexander Scott 8677: 8673:William Stewart 8638:Robert Henryson 8621: 8617:Richard Holland 8607:Sir Gilbert Hay 8580: 8575: 8545: 8540: 8539: 8528: 8520: 8506: 8463:Romantic poetry 8448:Romantic ballet 8423:German idealism 8406: 8372:Lacoue-Labarthe 8298: 8045: 7863: 7812: 7781: 7762:Rimsky-Korsakov 7705: 7654: 7603: 7562: 7471: 7415: 7379: 7320: 7169: 7113: 7062: 7021: 6980: 6934: 6876: 6817:Maria Edgeworth 6753: 6746: 6625: 6547: 6457: 6436:Romantic genius 6366:Gesamtkunstwerk 6343: 6304:Sturm und Drang 6211: 6142: 6137: 6107: 6102: 5933: 5889:Elizabeth Paton 5869:William Maxwell 5859:Agnes Maclehose 5774:Alison Cockburn 5729:John Ballantine 5697: 5688:(father-in-law) 5656:Annabella Burns 5584: 5580:Writers' Museum 5518: 5478: 5469: 5450:A Red, Red Rose 5373:The Holy Tulzie 5276:John Barleycorn 5256: 5251: 5208:To Robert Burns 5202:Wayback Machine 5150: 5096: 5091:Wayback Machine 5029: 5024: 4979: 4960: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4924:Wayback Machine 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4775:Wayback Machine 4766: 4762: 4756:Wayback Machine 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4692: 4691: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4584:on 13 June 2015 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4498: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4356: 4354: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4321: 4319: 4302: 4298: 4278: 4274: 4268:Collected Works 4264:Wayback Machine 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3963:"Haggis stress" 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3925: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3843: 3839: 3833:Wayback Machine 3823: 3819: 3813:Wayback Machine 3804:Robert Burns: " 3803: 3799: 3793:Wayback Machine 3784:Robert Burns: " 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3435: 3426: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3374: 3370: 3364:Wayback Machine 3355:Robert Burns: " 3354: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3283: 3279: 3272:The Independent 3268:Wayback Machine 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3130:David Sibbald. 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3088:Wayback Machine 3079:Robert Burns: " 3078: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2972:Blackie and Son 2956: 2952: 2943:Wayback Machine 2934: 2927: 2919: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2763: 2762: 2753: 2745: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2712: 2691: 2689: 2682: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2495:Wayback Machine 2485: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2390:The Holy Tulzie 2291:Annabella Burns 2271:Scotland portal 2269: 2264: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2245: 2233: 2217:William Wallace 2209: 2159: 2153: 2072: 2040:Clydesdale Bank 2010: 1938:, supported by 1897:Burns, New York 1803: 1798: 1766:Imperial Russia 1762: 1737:A Red, Red Rose 1716:Of Mice and Men 1704:Abraham Lincoln 1657: 1587: 1579:Hugh MacDiarmid 1551: 1546: 1515:anticlericalism 1446: 1429:Dumfries Museum 1423:Writers' Museum 1403: 1368: 1362: 1335: 1307: 1301:in March 1795. 1271: 1269:Political views 1259:A Red, Red Rose 1147: 1090: 1084: 1079: 974: 928:. Known as the 895: 803:Elizabeth Paton 795: 771: 703: 695:I Dream’d I Lay 651:tenant farmer. 621: 596: 585: 579: 576: 533: 531: 521: 509: 498: 493: 461:A Red, Red Rose 457:national anthem 358: 243: 146: 103: 99: 82: 81:25 January 1759 76: 74: 66: 46: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9009: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8951:Romantic poets 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8860:Kathleen Jamie 8857: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8839: 8831: 8830: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8795:Robert Garioch 8792: 8790:William Soutar 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8761: 8759: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8729:Robert Sempill 8726: 8724:Alexander Hume 8721: 8716: 8711: 8709:William Fowler 8706: 8704:Castalian Band 8701: 8696: 8691: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8648:William Dunbar 8645: 8643:Walter Kennedy 8640: 8635: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8574: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8551: 8542: 8541: 8521: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8411:Related topics 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8308: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8139:Gallen-Kallela 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8114:David d'Angers 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8051:Visual artists 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8011:Schleiermacher 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7479: 7477: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7276:Oehlenschläger 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6946:Castelo Branco 6942: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6886: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6672:Brothers Grimm 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6396: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6374: 6372:Gothic fiction 6369: 6362: 6360:British Marine 6357: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6258:Gothic revival 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6161: 6156: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6136: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6113: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6041: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5929:Edward Whigham 5926: 5924:Peggy Thompson 5921: 5916: 5914:Alexander Tait 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5854:John MacKenzie 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5819:Gavin Hamilton 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5789:Frances Dunlop 5786: 5784:Lord Glencairn 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5714:Robert Ainslie 5711: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5674:Isabella Burns 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5638:William Burnes 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:Ellisland Farm 5542: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5507:Dublin Variant 5504: 5499: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5394:Tam o' Shanter 5390: 5383: 5380:Auld Lang Syne 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5214: 5205: 5192: 5182: 5177: 5168: 5154: 5139: 5130: 5121: 5111: 5094: 5081: 5028: 5027:External links 5025: 5023: 5022: 5015: 4983: 4977: 4964: 4958: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4909: 4883: 4857: 4831: 4805: 4779: 4760: 4741: 4715: 4682: 4656: 4634: 4621: 4595: 4565: 4535: 4509: 4496: 4481: 4452: 4421: 4394: 4368: 4332: 4296: 4272: 4244: 4218: 4192: 4166: 4140: 4114: 4088: 4062: 4036: 4006: 3980: 3954: 3919: 3915:978-1439270974 3899: 3868: 3837: 3817: 3797: 3786:Literary Style 3777: 3752: 3727: 3715:www.umis.ac.uk 3702: 3677: 3651: 3625: 3599: 3578: 3548: 3518: 3488: 3462: 3450: 3424: 3419:digital.nls.uk 3406: 3387: 3368: 3345: 3319: 3304: 3277: 3253: 3227: 3201: 3175: 3149: 3122: 3105:Burns Scotland 3092: 3069: 3039: 3016: 2989: 2950: 2936:"The Twa Dogs" 2925: 2908: 2896: 2868: 2856:Sceptical Scot 2842: 2816: 2786: 2751: 2736: 2710: 2680: 2660: 2630: 2611: 2585: 2555: 2529: 2503: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2452:Ploughman Poet 2426: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2260: 2244: 2241: 2232: 2229: 2208: 2205: 2155:Main article: 2152: 2149: 2109:John Barrowman 2071: 2068: 2064:two pound coin 2009: 2006: 1928:Girvan station 1855:Ellisland Farm 1810:Ellisland Farm 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1790:Samuil Marshak 1761: 1758: 1744:J. D. Salinger 1711:John Steinbeck 1656: 1653: 1610:Robert Service 1586: 1583: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1484:Scots language 1445: 1444:Literary style 1442: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1402: 1399: 1364:Main article: 1361: 1358: 1334: 1331: 1306: 1303: 1270: 1267: 1255:Auld Lang Syne 1155:George Thomson 1146: 1143: 1111:Tam O' Shanter 1086:Main article: 1083: 1082:Ellisland Farm 1080: 1078: 1075: 1040:Lord Glencairn 973: 970: 894: 891: 794: 791: 770: 767: 707:William Burnes 702: 699: 691:Peggy Thompson 633:William Burnes 620: 617: 598: 597: 539:"Robert Burns" 512: 510: 503: 497: 494: 492: 489: 481:Tam o' Shanter 445:Auld Lang Syne 395:Scots language 374: 373: 365: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 351: 349:William Burnes 345: 343: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 325: 321: 320: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 291: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 273: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 252: 251: 249: 248:Notable awards 245: 244: 242: 241: 234: 227: 220: 213: 206: 199: 192: 189:Auld Lang Syne 184: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 155:Scots language 152: 148: 147: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 131: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 102:(aged 37) 96: 92: 91: 72: 68: 67: 56: 48: 47: 44: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9008: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8941:Lallans poets 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8826: 8825:William Neill 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8658:David Lyndsay 8656: 8654: 8653:Gavin Douglas 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8572: 8567: 8565: 8560: 8558: 8553: 8552: 8549: 8538: 8537: 8526: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:Nikolai Gogol 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6862:P. B. Shelley 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6842:Mary Robinson 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6571:Chateaubriand 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6400:Mal du siècle 6397: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5894:John Richmond 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5879:William Nicol 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759:Mary Campbell 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5749:Richard Brown 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5734:Alison Begbie 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719:John Anderson 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5692:Robert Burnes 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5662:William Burns 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5644:Gilbert Burns 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570:Mossgiel Farm 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5540:Drukken Steps 5538: 5536: 5535:Burns Cottage 5533: 5531: 5530:Brownhill Inn 5528: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5457:Ca' the yowes 5454: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5443:Scots Wha Hae 5440: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5311:Handsome Nell 5308: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5058:at Wikiquote 5057: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5033: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5002: 5001:Burns, Robert 4998: 4993: 4992:public domain 4988: 4984: 4980: 4978:1-84195-380-6 4974: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4959:1-84195-380-6 4955: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4745: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4609: 4605: 4599: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4503:Naming Notes 4500: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4440: 4437:. p. 4. 4436: 4432: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4024: 4020: 4019:National Post 4016: 4010: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3830: 3827: 3826:to the Kibble 3821: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3806:some hae meat 3801: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3781: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3317:, p. 64. 3316: 3311: 3309: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3257: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3037:, p. 63. 3036: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2905: 2900: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2872: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2711:9780748636501 2707: 2703: 2687: 2683: 2681:9781446466407 2677: 2673: 2672: 2664: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2628:, p. 62. 2627: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2486:O'Hagan, A: " 2483: 2479: 2465: 2462:, and simply 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444:National Bard 2441: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2261: 2258: 2257:Poetry portal 2252: 2247: 2240: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207:Greatest Scot 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2178:Burns suppers 2175: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2151:Burns suppers 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2082:1787 portrait 2081: 2076: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2019: 2016:Burns stamp, 2014: 2005: 2003: 2002:East Ayrshire 1999: 1995: 1992:In 2020, the 1990: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1963:Back Bay Fens 1960: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1901:Burns, Oregon 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1811: 1807: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1705: 1697: 1696:Back Bay Fens 1693: 1692:Massachusetts 1689: 1685: 1684:Border Collie 1680: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664:Burns Commons 1661: 1655:United States 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555:Romantic poet 1541: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1519:Scottish Kirk 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507:Scots Wha Hae 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:republicanism 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1398: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1367: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1302: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1094: 1089: 1077:Dumfriesshire 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067:James Johnson 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1002: 998: 989: 983: 978: 969: 966: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 934:Border Collie 931: 927: 926: 920: 917: 913: 909: 899: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 875:Water of Fail 872: 867: 863: 859: 858:Mary Campbell 854: 852: 848: 844: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 816:who lived in 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775:Mossgiel Farm 766: 764: 760: 756: 755:Richard Brown 751: 747: 743: 739: 738:Masonic lodge 735: 730: 728: 727:Alison Begbie 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 664: 661: 657: 656:Burns Cottage 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 612: 604: 594: 591: 583: 572: 569: 565: 562: 558: 555: 551: 548: 544: 541: – 540: 536: 535:Find sources: 529: 525: 519: 518: 513:This section 511: 507: 502: 501: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453:Scots Wha Hae 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 399:Scots dialect 396: 392: 388: 387:national poet 384: 380: 371: 366: 361: 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 329: 326: 322: 318: 315: 312: 308: 305: 302: 298: 295: 292: 288: 284: 280: 277: 274: 268: 265: 264:Great Britain 262: 258: 253: 250: 246: 239: 235: 232: 228: 225: 224:Tam O'Shanter 221: 218: 217:Scots Wha Hae 214: 211: 207: 204: 200: 197: 193: 190: 186: 185: 183: 181:Notable works 179: 176: 173: 169: 166: 163: 159: 156: 153: 149: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 112:Resting place 110: 106: 97: 93: 89: 85: 73: 69: 64: 60: 54: 49: 42: 39: 34: 30: 19: 8996:Burns family 8911:Scots Makars 8881:Robert Burns 8850:Liz Lochhead 8845:Edwin Morgan 8775:Robert Burns 8774: 8765:Allan Ramsay 8592:John Barbour 8578:Scots makars 8529: 8522: 8515: 8499: 8219:Porto-Alegre 7873:Philosophers 7757:Rachmaninoff 7206:Chavchavadze 7196:Baratashvili 6956:João de Deus 6925:Wincenty Pol 6786: 6717:Küchelbecker 6445: 6411:Noble savage 6398: 6364: 6339:Wallenrodism 6316: 6302: 6233:Coppet group 6167:(literature) 6095: 6088: 6066: 6045:Robert Burns 6044: 6037:Robert Burns 6036: 6001: 5987:Burns supper 5904:David Sillar 5874:John Murdoch 5864:John McMurdo 5839:Janet Little 5824:Helen Hyslop 5804:Jean Gardner 5709:Robert Aiken 5686:James Armour 5550:Friars Carse 5489: 5401:Ae Fond Kiss 5254:Robert Burns 5253: 5195:Robert Burns 5185: 5171:Robert Burns 5161:Open Library 5068:Robert Burns 5060: 5056:Robert Burns 5048: 5041:Robert Burns 5031: 5030: 5018: 5004: 4968: 4949: 4937:Bibliography 4912: 4900:. Retrieved 4886: 4874:. Retrieved 4860: 4848:. Retrieved 4844:the original 4834: 4822:. Retrieved 4808: 4796:. Retrieved 4792:the original 4782: 4763: 4744: 4732:. Retrieved 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4697: 4673:. Retrieved 4659: 4649:30 September 4647:. Retrieved 4637: 4629: 4624: 4612:. Retrieved 4598: 4586:. Retrieved 4582:the original 4577: 4568: 4556:. Retrieved 4547: 4538: 4526:. Retrieved 4522:the original 4512: 4504: 4499: 4489: 4484: 4472:. Retrieved 4468:the original 4443:. Retrieved 4434: 4424: 4412:. Retrieved 4397: 4385:. Retrieved 4381:the original 4371: 4362: 4355:. Retrieved 4344: 4335: 4327: 4320:. Retrieved 4311:The Guardian 4309: 4299: 4290: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4270:, VIII, 237. 4267: 4252: 4247: 4235:. Retrieved 4221: 4209:. Retrieved 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4179:the original 4169: 4157:. Retrieved 4153:the original 4143: 4131:. Retrieved 4127:the original 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4101:the original 4091: 4079:. Retrieved 4065: 4053:. Retrieved 4039: 4027:. Retrieved 4023:the original 4018: 4009: 3997:. Retrieved 3983: 3971:. Retrieved 3967:the original 3957: 3945:. Retrieved 3936: 3932: 3922: 3906: 3902: 3890:. Retrieved 3881: 3871: 3859:. Retrieved 3850: 3840: 3820: 3800: 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3764: 3755: 3743:. Retrieved 3739: 3730: 3718:. Retrieved 3714: 3705: 3693:. Retrieved 3689: 3680: 3668:. Retrieved 3664: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3638: 3628: 3616:. Retrieved 3602: 3586: 3581: 3569:. Retrieved 3560: 3551: 3539:. Retrieved 3530: 3521: 3509:. Retrieved 3500: 3491: 3479:. Retrieved 3465: 3453: 3437: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3371: 3336:. Retrieved 3322: 3295:. Retrieved 3280: 3270: 3256: 3244:. Retrieved 3230: 3218:. Retrieved 3204: 3192:. Retrieved 3178: 3166:. Retrieved 3152: 3140:. Retrieved 3125: 3113:. Retrieved 3104: 3095: 3060:. Retrieved 3051: 3042: 3007:. Retrieved 2992: 2980:. Retrieved 2967: 2953: 2923:, p. 20 2899: 2887:. Retrieved 2881: 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2855: 2845: 2833:. Retrieved 2819: 2807:. Retrieved 2803:the original 2798: 2789: 2777:. Retrieved 2773:the original 2768: 2749:, p. 19 2727:. Retrieved 2701: 2690:. Retrieved 2670: 2663: 2651:. Retrieved 2642: 2633: 2602:. Retrieved 2598:the original 2588: 2576:. Retrieved 2567: 2558: 2546:. Retrieved 2532: 2520:. Retrieved 2515: 2506: 2499:The Guardian 2498: 2482: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440:Rabbie Burns 2439: 2430: 2394: 2371:(eldest son) 2359:Robert Aiken 2234: 2210: 2190: 2174:national day 2171: 2167:Burns supper 2157:Burns supper 2144: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2116: 2112: 2104:Red Red Rose 2102: 2100: 2088:Jean Redpath 2085: 2058:In 2009 the 2057: 2053: 2037: 2026: 2023: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1971: 1956: 1923: 1905: 1882: 1863: 1844: 1830: 1812:c. 1900 1763: 1751: 1741: 1714: 1708: 1701: 1614: 1603: 1571:Allan Ramsay 1552: 1531: 1492: 1465: 1461: 1404: 1395:George Combe 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1355: 1348: 1336: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1308: 1291: 1252: 1247: 1240:Thomas Paine 1223: 1217: 1212: 1200: 1192:Joseph Haydn 1189: 1162: 1158: 1150: 1148: 1120: 1099: 1070: 1064: 1060:Ae Fond Kiss 1037: 1032: 1027:Walter Scott 1012: 1006: 962: 923: 921: 908:Scotch Poems 907: 904: 855: 838:Black slaves 826:Port Antonio 811: 796: 793:Love affairs 772: 731: 704: 680: 667: 665: 653: 622: 586: 580:January 2018 577: 567: 560: 553: 546: 534: 522:Please help 517:verification 514: 485:Ae Fond Kiss 434: 403: 383:Rabbie Burns 382: 379:Robert Burns 378: 377: 310:Battles/wars 210:Ae Fond Kiss 123:Rabbie Burns 100:(1796-07-21) 98:21 July 1796 45:Robert Burns 38: 33: 8891:1796 deaths 8886:1759 births 8838:(from 2004) 8633:Blind Harry 8209:Michałowski 8041:Wackenroder 8006:F. Schlegel 8001:A. Schlegel 7777:Tchaikovsky 7666:Bortkiewicz 7538:R. Schumann 7533:C. Schumann 7498:Kalkbrenner 7467:Saint-Saëns 6772:Anne Brontë 6657:Eichendorff 6642:B. v. Arnim 6637:A. v. Arnim 6447:Weltschmerz 6406:Medievalism 6355:Blue flower 6283:Nationalist 6228:Bohemianism 6140:Romanticism 6071:(1930 film) 6039:(Stevenson) 5960:Burns Clubs 5899:James Smith 5849:James McKie 5834:John Lewars 5809:Jean Glover 5754:May Cameron 5744:Nelly Blair 5680:Adam Armour 5650:Agnes Burns 5632:Agnes Broun 5596:Jean Armour 5565:Millmannoch 5422:Sweet Afton 4876:15 December 4749:Pobjoy Mint 4528:21 November 3665:The Courier 3639:The Courier 3618:27 February 3481:31 December 3382:inews.co.uk 3315:Cousin 1910 3297:23 December 3246:23 December 3220:23 December 3194:23 December 3168:23 December 3142:23 December 3062:13 December 3035:Cousin 1910 3009:10 December 2960:Chambers, R 2626:Cousin 1910 2280:Agnes Burns 2186:Mother Club 2123:Eddi Reader 2092:Serge Hovey 2044:field mouse 1832:Burns clubs 1742:The author 1228:music halls 1169:lyric poets 1115:manuscripts 866:Campbeltown 843:great house 783:Jean Armour 645:Agnes Broun 354:Agnes Broun 328:Jean Armour 175:Romanticism 161:Nationality 8875:Categories 8855:Jackie Kay 8084:Chassériau 8059:Aivazovsky 7767:Rubinstein 7752:Mussorgsky 7701:Wieniawski 7686:Paderewski 7528:Moszkowski 7311:Vörösmarty 7301:Shevchenko 7155:Longfellow 7079:Batyushkov 7074:Baratynsky 7043:Espronceda 6910:Mickiewicz 6905:Malczewski 6872:Wordsworth 6857:M. Shelley 6812:de Quincey 6677:Günderrode 6561:Baudelaire 6441:Wanderlust 6278:Lake Poets 5997:Kilmarnock 5769:Jenny Clow 5668:John Burns 5338:To a Louse 5325:To a Mouse 5045:Wikisource 5011:Wikisource 4824:11 January 4734:17 October 4708:24 January 4698:The Herald 4675:15 October 4474:18 January 4346:Sparknotes 4314:. London. 4237:27 January 4211:27 January 4185:27 January 4159:27 January 4133:27 January 4107:27 January 4081:27 January 4055:27 January 4029:27 January 3999:27 January 3973:27 January 3947:27 January 3770:25 January 3745:25 January 3720:25 January 3695:25 January 3670:25 January 3644:25 January 3115:3 November 2982:17 January 2921:Burns 1993 2904:Burns 1993 2779:17 January 2747:Burns 1993 2474:References 2060:Royal Mint 2029:Royal Mail 1936:Kilmarnock 1868:stands in 1820:Statue in 1721:To a Mouse 1503:Radicalism 1372:phrenology 1316:songwriter 1220:folk songs 1052:Jenny Clow 992:Edinburgh. 950:To a Mouse 912:Kilmarnock 787:stonemason 649:Kirkoswald 550:newspapers 473:To a Mouse 469:To a Louse 437:folk songs 410:liberalism 260:Allegiance 196:To a Mouse 143:excise-man 128:Occupation 107:, Scotland 90:, Scotland 77:1759-01-25 8805:Tom Scott 8524:Modernism 8184:Kiprensky 8144:Géricault 8129:Friedrich 8119:Delacroix 8094:Constable 8074:Bonington 8064:Bierstadt 8016:Senancour 7991:Schelling 7946:Lamennais 7941:Khomyakov 7906:Coleridge 7901:Chaadayev 7808:Stanković 7803:Mokranjac 7722:Balakirev 7681:Moniuszko 7630:Donizetti 7625:Cherubini 7523:Meyerbeer 7508:Marschner 7483:Beethoven 7396:Moscheles 7330:Musicians 7316:Wergeland 7281:Orbeliani 7236:Grundtvig 7140:Hawthorne 7109:Zhukovsky 7104:Vyazemsky 7089:Lermontov 7048:Gutiérrez 7007:Radičević 6971:Herculano 6895:Krasiński 6837:Radcliffe 6807:Coleridge 6782:E. Brontë 6777:C. Brontë 6707:Jean Paul 6702:Hölderlin 6591:Lamartine 6528:Magalhães 6518:Guimarães 6426:Pantheism 6416:Nostalgia 6268:Indianism 6216:Movements 6147:Countries 5992:Memorials 5909:John Syme 5884:Anna Park 5670:(brother) 5664:(brother) 5646:(brother) 5497:Edinburgh 5304:Halloween 4999:(1910). " 4798:5 January 4614:9 January 3597:. p. 154. 3511:27 August 3448:. p. 321. 2405:(brother) 2325:(brother) 2211:In 2009, 2147:in 1856. 2048:wild rose 1920:Class 156 1859:Auldgirth 1786:Communist 1733:Bob Dylan 1672:Wisconsin 1668:Milwaukee 1649:Vancouver 1544:Influence 1468:Classical 1340:John Syme 1183:festival 1133:in 1792. 1123:newspaper 1103:exciseman 1009:Edinburgh 972:Edinburgh 942:Halloween 779:Mauchline 769:Mauchline 736:into the 734:initiated 719:Tarbolton 701:Tarbolton 637:Dunnottar 414:socialism 363:Signature 231:Halloween 8699:James VI 8536:Category 8352:Dahlhaus 8337:Blanning 8304:Scholars 8274:Tropinin 8269:Tidemand 8259:Stattler 8254:Scheffer 8154:Głowacki 8124:Edelfelt 8079:Bryullov 8021:Snellman 7996:Schiller 7986:Rousseau 7966:Michelet 7911:Constant 7881:Belinsky 7854:Sibelius 7798:Konjović 7772:Scriabin 7742:Lyapunov 7676:Lipiński 7645:Spontini 7635:Paganini 7579:Goldmark 7370:Thalberg 7365:Schubert 7345:Bruckner 7306:Topelius 7296:Runeberg 7286:Prešeren 7256:Leopardi 7221:Frashëri 7211:Eminescu 7191:Andersen 7099:Tyutchev 7084:Karamzin 7058:Zorrilla 7053:Saavedra 6951:Castilho 6939:Portugal 6930:Słowacki 6832:Polidori 6762:Barbauld 6697:Hoffmann 6652:Brentano 6566:Bertrand 6387:Romantic 6223:Ancients 6197:Scotland 6047:(Steell) 6014:Montreal 5676:(sister) 5658:(sister) 5652:(sister) 5640:(father) 5634:(mother) 5466:" (1795) 5452:" (1794) 5445:" (1793) 5438:" (1793) 5431:" (1792) 5424:" (1791) 5417:" (1791) 5410:" (1791) 5403:" (1791) 5396:" (1790) 5389:" (1789) 5382:" (1788) 5375:" (1784) 5368:" (1787) 5361:" (1787) 5354:" (1786) 5347:" (1786) 5340:" (1786) 5327:" (1785) 5320:" (1785) 5313:" (1774) 5306:" (1785) 5299:" (1785) 5292:" (1785) 5285:" (1784) 5278:" (1782) 5271:" (1782) 5198:Archived 5146:LibriVox 5087:Archived 4920:Archived 4896:Archived 4870:Archived 4818:Archived 4771:Archived 4752:Archived 4728:Archived 4702:Archived 4669:Archived 4608:Archived 4552:Archived 4439:Archived 4408:Archived 4351:Archived 4316:Archived 4260:Archived 4231:Archived 4205:Archived 4075:Archived 4049:Archived 3993:Archived 3941:Archived 3886:Archived 3855:Archived 3829:Archived 3809:Archived 3789:Archived 3612:Archived 3565:Archived 3535:Archived 3505:Archived 3475:Archived 3360:Archived 3332:Archived 3291:Archived 3264:Archived 3240:Archived 3214:Archived 3188:Archived 3162:Archived 3136:Archived 3109:Archived 3084:Archived 3056:Archived 3003:Archived 2976:Archived 2939:Archived 2829:Archived 2729:26 March 2723:Archived 2692:26 March 2686:Archived 2671:The Bard 2647:Archived 2604:25 April 2578:25 April 2572:Archived 2548:14 April 2542:Archived 2491:Archived 2464:the Bard 2436:epithets 2293:(sister) 2282:(sister) 2243:See also 2225:Stirling 2118:Clarinda 2113:Clarinda 1916:Class 87 1840:Ayrshire 1836:Greenock 1774:American 1472:Biblical 1287:Dumfries 1145:Lyricist 1121:The Star 1107:Dumfries 956:", and " 879:Greenock 871:plighted 750:New Year 496:Ayrshire 449:Hogmanay 441:adapting 391:Scotland 334:Children 270:Service/ 165:Scottish 151:Language 137:lyricist 120:Nickname 105:Dumfries 88:Ayrshire 61:, 1787, 8602:James I 8597:Huchoun 8377:Lovejoy 8312:Abraham 8234:Richard 8224:Préault 8149:Girodet 8031:Thoreau 7976:Novalis 7961:Mazzini 7956:Maistre 7931:Hazlitt 7916:Emerson 7896:Carlyle 7886:Berchet 7829:Berwald 7824:Bennett 7793:Hristić 7747:Medtner 7727:Borodin 7717:Arensky 7640:Rossini 7615:Bellini 7594:Joachim 7567:Hungary 7548:Strauss 7476:Germany 7442:Berlioz 7411:Voříšek 7406:Smetana 7384:Czechia 7338:Austria 7271:Maturin 7266:Manzoni 7241:Heliade 7216:Foscolo 7186:Alfieri 7181:Abovian 7135:Emerson 7094:Pushkin 7033:Bécquer 6966:Garrett 6920:Potocki 6867:Southey 6827:Maturin 6797:Carlyle 6754:Britain 6727:Novalis 6682:Gutzkow 6630:Germany 6596:Mérimée 6581:Gautier 6508:Barreto 6503:Azevedo 6483:Alencar 6463:Writers 6382:Byronic 6318:Purismo 6172:Germany 6154:Denmark 5980:Atlanta 5938:Related 5694:(uncle) 5502:Belfast 5173:at the 5135:at the 4994:: 4948:(ed.). 4946:Bold, A 4902:18 July 4850:10 June 4768:£5 Coin 4588:12 June 4558:11 June 4445:23 July 4414:10 June 4387:10 June 4357:14 July 4322:11 June 3892:10 June 3861:10 June 3571:21 July 3541:21 July 2962:(ed.). 2889:9 April 2861:9 April 2835:10 June 2809:10 June 2653:21 July 2522:10 June 1998:Cumnock 1887:of the 1874:Georgia 1870:Atlanta 1796:Honours 1698:in 2019 1637:John A. 1621:Nanaimo 1549:Britain 1185:Glasgow 1177:cittern 836:to the 830:Jamaica 818:Cumnock 807:Paisley 777:, near 717:, near 715:Lochlea 711:Whitsun 676:Gilbert 639:in the 629:Alloway 619:Alloway 564:scholar 483:" and " 342:Parents 294:Private 285:1795–96 84:Alloway 8402:Wellek 8382:de Man 8367:Janion 8357:Ferber 8332:Berlin 8327:Beiser 8322:Barzun 8317:Abrams 8294:Wiertz 8279:Turner 8229:Révoil 8214:Palmer 8204:Martin 8199:Leutze 8174:Janmot 8134:Fuseli 8089:Church 7981:Quinet 7971:Müller 7926:Goethe 7921:Fichte 7844:Franck 7786:Serbia 7737:Glinka 7710:Russia 7696:Tausig 7691:Stolpe 7671:Chopin 7659:Poland 7620:Busoni 7584:Heller 7553:Wagner 7488:Brahms 7462:Onslow 7452:Halévy 7420:France 7401:Reicha 7391:Dvořák 7360:Mahler 7355:Hummel 7350:Czerny 7246:Isaacs 7226:Geijer 7160:Lowell 7150:Irving 7130:Cooper 7125:Bryant 7067:Russia 7002:Njegoš 6997:Kostić 6992:Jakšić 6985:Serbia 6915:Norwid 6890:Fredro 6882:Poland 6852:Seward 6742:Uhland 6732:Schwab 6722:Mörike 6712:Kleist 6667:Goethe 6662:Fouqué 6611:Nodier 6606:Nerval 6601:Musset 6553:France 6543:Varela 6538:Taunay 6523:Macedo 6471:Brazil 6421:Ossian 6348:Themes 6187:Poland 6182:Norway 6164:France 6029:Boston 6024:Albany 5975:Irvine 5702:People 5598:(wife) 5589:Family 5523:Places 5512:London 5333:(1786) 4975: 4956: 4548:Simcoe 3913: 3593: 3444: 2708: 2678: 2450:, the 2442:, the 2237:crater 2231:Crater 2197:haggis 2046:and a 1899:, and 1770:Soviet 1760:Russia 1688:Boston 1674:, U.S. 1585:Canada 1565:, and 1501:) and 1474:, and 1312:Excise 1173:fiddle 1042:, and 916:rebuke 883:typhus 862:Dunoon 742:Irvine 660:Easter 643:, and 641:Mearns 566: 559: 552: 545: 537: 324:Spouse 272:branch 140:farmer 8488:Bacon 8397:Rosen 8392:Ricks 8387:Nancy 8347:Blume 8342:Bloom 8264:Stroy 8249:Saleh 8244:Runge 8194:Lampi 8179:Jones 8169:Hayez 8104:Corot 8069:Blake 8036:Tieck 8026:Staël 7951:Larra 7936:Hegel 7891:Burke 7849:Grieg 7839:Field 7834:Elgar 7817:Other 7650:Verdi 7608:Italy 7599:Liszt 7589:Hubay 7574:Erkel 7558:Weber 7543:Spohr 7503:Loewe 7493:Bruch 7457:Méhul 7447:Fauré 7437:Auber 7432:Alkan 7291:Raffi 7261:Mácha 7251:Lenau 7201:Botev 7174:Other 7026:Spain 6961:Dinis 6847:Scott 6822:Keats 6802:Clare 6792:Byron 6787:Burns 6767:Blake 6752:Great 6737:Tieck 6692:Heine 6687:Hauff 6621:Vigny 6616:Staël 6576:Dumas 6498:Assis 6493:Alves 6478:Abreu 6431:Rhine 6334:Ultra 6177:Japan 6019:Barre 5628:(son) 5616:(son) 5610:(son) 5604:(son) 5483:Books 5261:Poems 5190:p. 57 4645:. BBC 4279:See, 3939:(1). 3851:Books 3338:5 May 2422:Notes 2411:(son) 2314:(son) 1480:Makar 824:near 627:, in 571:JSTOR 557:books 8362:Frye 8289:Ward 8284:Veit 8239:Rude 8189:Koch 8164:Gude 8159:Goya 8109:Dahl 8099:Cole 7427:Adam 7375:Wolf 7118:U.S. 7017:Zmaj 6647:Beer 6586:Hugo 6533:Reis 6513:Dias 6377:Hero 6312:Post 6273:Jena 6243:Dark 4973:ISBN 4954:ISBN 4904:2015 4878:2012 4852:2009 4826:2014 4800:2009 4736:2008 4710:2012 4677:2008 4651:2022 4616:2021 4590:2015 4560:2015 4530:2012 4505:Rail 4491:Rail 4476:2010 4447:2017 4416:2009 4389:2009 4359:2010 4324:2009 4281:e.g. 4239:2013 4213:2013 4187:2013 4161:2013 4135:2013 4109:2013 4083:2013 4057:2013 4031:2013 4001:2013 3975:2013 3949:2013 3911:ISBN 3894:2009 3863:2009 3772:2024 3747:2024 3722:2024 3697:2024 3672:2024 3646:2024 3620:2012 3591:ISBN 3573:2009 3543:2009 3513:2014 3483:2012 3442:ISBN 3340:2013 3299:2015 3248:2015 3222:2015 3196:2015 3170:2015 3144:2015 3117:2015 3064:2019 3011:2011 2984:2010 2891:2023 2863:2023 2837:2009 2811:2009 2781:2010 2731:2018 2706:ISBN 2694:2018 2676:ISBN 2655:2009 2606:2011 2580:2011 2550:2018 2524:2009 2131:and 2020:1956 2018:USSR 1934:and 1776:and 1727:and 1643:and 1573:and 1342:and 1194:and 952:", " 948:", " 944:", " 940:", " 936:), " 906:his 746:flax 543:news 479:", " 475:", " 471:", " 467:", " 463:", " 412:and 300:Unit 290:Rank 134:Poet 95:Died 71:Born 7859:Sor 7732:Cui 7165:Poe 6298:Pre 6293:Neo 5159:at 5144:at 5126:at 5116:at 5077:at 5043:at 5003:". 4927:STV 2497:", 2223:in 2213:STV 1996:in 1965:in 1961:'s 1932:Ayr 1926:at 1857:in 1666:in 1619:to 1509:", 1238:by 1157:'s 697:". 625:Ayr 526:by 487:". 430:STV 389:of 8877:: 8514:← 5100:. 4894:. 4696:. 4685:^ 4606:. 4576:. 4546:. 4455:^ 4433:. 4361:. 4349:. 4343:. 4326:. 4308:. 4203:. 4017:. 3937:21 3935:. 3931:. 3884:. 3880:. 3849:. 3763:. 3738:. 3713:. 3688:. 3663:. 3637:. 3610:. 3559:. 3529:. 3503:. 3499:. 3473:. 3427:^ 3417:. 3399:. 3380:. 3348:^ 3330:. 3307:^ 3289:. 3238:. 3212:. 3186:. 3160:. 3134:. 3107:. 3103:. 3072:^ 3054:. 3050:. 3019:^ 3001:. 2974:. 2970:. 2966:. 2945:– 2928:^ 2911:^ 2880:. 2854:. 2797:. 2767:. 2754:^ 2739:^ 2721:. 2716:; 2698:; 2684:. 2641:. 2614:^ 2570:. 2566:. 2514:. 2458:, 2454:, 2446:, 2235:A 2227:. 2098:. 2035:. 2000:, 1942:. 1903:. 1872:, 1690:, 1670:, 1597:, 1561:, 1513:, 1470:, 1455:, 1346:. 1318:. 889:. 828:, 432:. 337:12 86:, 8570:e 8563:t 8556:v 8527:→ 6132:e 6125:t 6118:v 6085:" 6081:" 6078:" 6074:" 5462:" 5455:" 5448:" 5441:" 5434:" 5427:" 5420:" 5413:" 5406:" 5399:" 5392:" 5385:" 5378:" 5371:" 5364:" 5357:" 5350:" 5343:" 5336:" 5323:" 5316:" 5309:" 5302:" 5295:" 5288:" 5281:" 5274:" 5267:" 5246:e 5239:t 5232:v 5104:. 5013:. 4981:. 4962:. 4906:. 4880:. 4854:. 4828:. 4802:. 4738:. 4712:. 4679:. 4653:. 4618:. 4592:. 4562:. 4532:. 4478:. 4449:. 4418:. 4391:. 4241:. 4215:. 4189:. 4163:. 4137:. 4111:. 4085:. 4059:. 4033:. 4003:. 3977:. 3951:. 3896:. 3865:. 3774:. 3749:. 3724:. 3699:. 3674:. 3648:. 3622:. 3575:. 3545:. 3515:. 3485:. 3421:. 3403:. 3384:. 3342:. 3301:. 3250:. 3224:. 3198:. 3172:. 3146:. 3119:. 3066:. 3013:. 2986:. 2893:. 2865:. 2839:. 2813:. 2783:. 2733:. 2714:. 2696:. 2657:. 2608:. 2582:. 2552:. 2526:. 2466:. 593:) 587:( 582:) 578:( 568:· 561:· 554:· 547:· 520:. 240:" 236:" 233:" 229:" 226:" 222:" 219:" 215:" 212:" 208:" 205:" 201:" 198:" 194:" 191:" 187:" 79:) 75:( 65:. 31:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index