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227:, a yarn-company editor altered Zimmermann's circular knitting instructions for a Fair Isle Yoke pullover after she submitted the sweater, rendering it in the back-and-forth "flat" knitting method that was more popular among American knitters at the time. This alteration led Zimmermann to begin to publish her own instructions as free Newsletters to her customers, later transforming these into longer form, titled
51:
214:). (While it may have been the first item knitted, another pattern had been published 2 years previously.) The pattern for which Zimmermann knitted the model was published in Vogue Pattern Book in 1958, while a collection of patterns for men's and women's Aran sweaters with matching socks and mittens, entitled "Hand Knits from the Aran Islands," was published in a 1956 issue of
293:"The geometry of the circle hing on the mysterious relationship of the circumference of a circle to its radius. A circle will double its circumference in infinitely themselves-doubling distances, or, in knitters' terms, the distance between the increase-rounds, in which you double the number of stitches, goes 3, 6, 12, 24 and so on." The shawl is not, however, based on
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that all dimensions increase by the same factor at the same rate; the circular shape is simply created by regularly spacing the increases. Zimmermann is also known for the "i-cord" (or "idiot cord"), and the "Baby
Surprise Jacket," which is knitted completely flat and then folded, origami-style, to
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Zimmermann devised her "EPS" (Elizabeth's
Percentage System) calculation for sizing garments based on gauge and desired body circumference. Her "EPS" is still widely used by designers: it consists of a mathematical formula to determine how many stitches to cast on for a sweater, given that the
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knitting series is still available on VHS and DVD. In one episode, a police officer (and friend of the family) pulled
Zimmermann and her husband over for "knitting without a license." (Always knitting, she'd even developed the ability to knit while on the back of her husband's motorcycle.) In
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Zimmermann immigrated to the United States from
England in 1937 with her new husband, German brewery master Arnold Zimmermann. The Zimmermanns initially settled in New York and eventually moved across country, finally settling in Wisconsin in a converted schoolhouse which would become home to
148:, German or continental knitting fell out of favor in the UK and US due to its association with Germany. Many English-language books on knitting are in the English or American style. Elizabeth Zimmermann helped to re-introduce continental style knitting to the United States.
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Born
Elizabeth Lloyd-Jones in London, England, Zimmermann was the daughter of a British naval officer; her mother invented Meals by Motor, one of the earliest businesses delivering meals to peoples homes. Zimmermann attended boarding school in England and art schools in
256:. However, the former perhaps best expresses Zimmermann's knitting philosophy. In all her published works (print and video), she encouraged knitters to experiment and develop their own patterns and ideas, letting their latent creativity unfold.
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EPS was central to
Zimmermann's mandate that knitters think for themselves, knit without patterns, make independent design decisions, and improvise as they knit, elevating their skills and work to that of a true craft.
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A retrospective exhibit, "New School
Knitting: The Influence of Elizabeth Zimmermann and Schoolhouse Press," was presented at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Gallery of Design in 2006.
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In 1974, Zimmermann founded a series of knitting camps that continue to this day under her daughter's direction. Her motto was: "Knit on with confidence and hope, through all crises."
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Other patterns and techniques for which she is well known are the so-called "Pi Shawl," a circular shawl that
Zimmermann claimed was formed by regularly spaced increases based on
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Hanchett Hanson, M. et al. (2021) Creativity and
Improvised Educations: Case Studies for Understanding Impact and Implications. Chapter 4. ISBN 9780367488970
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Hanchett Hanson, M. et al.(2021).Creativity and
Improvised Educations: Case Studies for Understanding Impact and Implications. Chapter 4. ISBN 9780367488970
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teacher and designer. She revolutionized the modern practice of knitting through her books and instructional series on American public television.
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using flexible circular needles to produce seamless garments and to make it easier to knit intricate patterns. She also advocated the
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scarf, a continuous one-sided cowl knit as a rectangular strip, then attached end to end by rotating one end 180 degrees.
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Guensburg, Carol (9 March 1997). "A high priestess of hand knitting - Crafty talent has a lot more good yarns to spin".
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reprinted many of her original artworks alongside the text. Zimmermann learned to knit first from her mother and aunts (
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459:"Knit knack - UW-Madison exhibit pays tribute to woman who moved to Wisconsin and became the 'queen of knitting'"
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Schoolhouse Press, a mail-order knitting business still based in the schoolhouse and run by her daughter
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This article is about the British-American. For the ex-wife of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, see
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Douglas Martin wrote, "Mrs. Zimmermann chose to play down her influence on knitting, coining the term
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Knitting Without Tears: Basic Techniques and Easy-to-Follow Directions for Garments to Fit All Sizes
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An online catalog of the University of Wisconsin Design Center October 2006 Exhibition.
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in any special way, but only on the property common to all two-dimensional shapes in
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method, claiming that it is the most efficient and quickest way to knit. During
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sleeves and body are usually proportionate no matter what yarn or gauge is used.
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The Opinionated Knitter: Elizabeth Zimmermann Newsletters 1958-1968
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create a shaped jacket. She is also credited with introducing the
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355:"E. Zimmermann Is Dead at 89; Revolutionized Art of Knitting"
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Zimmermann is credited with knitting the first example of an
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The Influence of Elizabeth Zimmermann and School House Press
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316:, on 30 November 1999 at the age of 89. In her obituary in
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Elizabeth Zimmermann: A Tribute to 50 Years of Inspiration
487:"Elizabeth Zimmermann: the Grandmother of Modern Knitting"
388:. Madison, WI). 13 December 1999. p. 3C – via
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526:. Trenton, NJ. 4 October 1998. p. aa3 – via
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173:) and then later from her Swiss governess (German or
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165:. Her autobiographical "Digressions" in the book
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404:"Meals by Motor: Eliminating 'Wholesale Waste'"
575:(1995 Fireside paperback ed.). New York:
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126:(9 August 1910 – 30 November 1999) was a
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107:Knitting, designing, writing, teaching
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380:"Knitter par excellence dies"
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312:Elizabeth Zimmermann died in
207:seen in an American magazine
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326:for her woolly inventions."
29:Knitting designer and author
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286:-- as she said in her book
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728:Remembering Elizabeth...
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250:The Opinionated Knitter
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1274:William Lee (inventor)
573:Knitting Without Tears
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314:Marshfield, Wisconsin
138:knitting in the round
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69:Elizabeth Lloyd-Jones
1352:Elizabeth Zimmermann
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1082:Drop-stitch knitting
577:Simon & Schuster
497:on 22 February 2020.
142:Continental knitting
124:Elizabeth Zimmermann
43:Elizabeth Zimmermann
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909:Patons and Baldwins
894:Eisaku Noro Company
805:Knitting needle cap
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545:. Simon Schuster.
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278:Original patterns
175:Continental Style
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128:British-born
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93:(1999-11-30)
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1495:1999 deaths
1490:1910 births
1342:Meg Swansen
1032:Basketweave
935:Continental
889:Coats Group
882:Yarn brands
820:Row counter
217:Woman's Day
199:Initiatives
193:Meg Swansen
159:Switzerland
116:Meg Swansen
1484:Categories
1292:Sam Barsky
1072:Casting on
1062:Buttonhole
1020:Techniques
986:Dip stitch
873:Variegated
364:17 October
333:References
324:unventions
152:Early life
75:1910-08-09
1285:designers
1228:Fair Isle
1182:Thrumming
1157:Short row
1092:Faggoting
1011:Yarn over
950:Norwegian
630:851977417
595:475746806
523:The Times
443:260549479
1434:Blocking
1233:Intarsia
1211:Patterns
1112:Grafting
1087:Entrelac
996:Increase
981:Decrease
964:Stitches
930:Combined
925:Circular
786:Knitting
736:magazine
528:NewsBank
439:ProQuest
390:NewsBank
186:Business
112:Children
1464:Selvage
1444:History
1439:Dye lot
1422:Related
1388:Ravelry
1202:Welting
1197:Weaving
1152:Ribbing
1122:Hemming
940:English
868:Novelty
858:Eyelash
163:Germany
82:England
1383:Knitty
1373:Knitta
1223:Argyle
1192:Twined
1102:Gather
1067:Cables
1052:Bobble
976:Garter
918:Styles
853:Bouclé
846:styles
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304:Mobius
260:Legacy
181:Career
1172:Steek
1147:Pleat
1107:Gauge
730:from
465:: G1.
1218:Aran
1187:Tuck
1132:Lace
955:Warp
945:Flat
863:Lopi
844:Yarn
701:ISBN
674:ISBN
651:ISBN
626:OCLC
616:ISBN
591:OCLC
581:ISBN
547:ISBN
416:2016
366:2011
161:and
88:Died
65:Born
748:at
265:EPS
241:PBS
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