60:
671:, west of Elbasan. With the exception of a short 15th century Easter Gospel transcript, it was the oldest work of Albanian Orthodox literature, and the oldest Orthodox Bible translation into Albanian. The authorship of the document is a matter of speculation, see the main article on this topic for details.
767:
scripts were also available. But the author chose to devise a new script specific to
Albanian, reflecting what Elsie called "the wish of Albanian intellectuals" for a distinct writing system of their own. Furthermore, a surprisingly low number of loanwords appear in the manuscript: only three Latin
186:, where it was invented, and although the manuscript isn't the oldest document written in Albanian, Elbasan is the oldest out of seven known original alphabets created for Albanian. Its 59 pages contain Biblical content written in a script of 40 letters, of which 35 frequently recur and 5 are rare.
840:
has become a sequence of two separate phonemes; Modern Greek has undergone somewhat similar development.) Elsie says that the alphabet generally uses Greek letters with a line on top as numerals. While some of the letters appear to have been inspired by Greek or
Glagolitic forms, he considers the
636:𐔝𐔈 𐔋𐔍𐔞𐔈 𐔕𐔇𐔙𐔈𐔣𐔍𐔝 𐔐𐔍𐔅𐔍𐔓 𐔝𐔈 𐔐𐔍𐔙𐔈 𐔆𐔇 𐔝𐔈 𐔁𐔀𐔙𐔀𐔁𐔀𐔙𐔝𐔈 𐔓𐔈 𐔄𐔍𐔕𐔍𐔝𐔇𐔝 𐔆𐔇 𐔓𐔈 𐔝𐔈 𐔄𐔙𐔇𐔎𐔝𐔀. 𐔀𐔝𐔀 𐔏𐔀𐔓𐔈 𐔀𐔙𐔛𐔢𐔇 𐔆𐔇 𐔅𐔈𐔙𐔋𐔇𐔋𐔇 𐔆𐔇 𐔄𐔟𐔌𐔇𐔝 𐔝𐔈 𐔛𐔍𐔑𐔇𐔓 𐔅𐔀𐔎 𐔕𐔈𐔙𐔍 𐔝𐔎𐔇𐔝𐔙𐔍𐔝 𐔒𐔇 𐔉𐔙𐔢𐔒𐔈 𐔠𐔈𐔑𐔀𐔣𐔈𐔙𐔍𐔒𐔍.
1544:
1519:
Nominalisierung und verbale
Einbettung in Varietäten des Albanischen: eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte der albanischen Schriftsprache am Beispiel erweiterter Verbalprädikate auf areallinguistischem Hintergrund
1462:
Mahir Domi (1965). Rreth autorit dhe kohës së dorëshkrimit elbasanas me shqipërim copash të ungjillit. In: “Konferenca e parë e
Studimeve Albanologjike,” Tiranë, 15-21 nëndor 1962. Tiranë, p. 170–177
698:
The author of the alphabet remains unknown, though several hypotheses have been brought forward. The most accepted proposal comes from Mahir Domi in 1965, claiming the
Moschopole typographer
644:
Të gjithë njerëzit lindin të lirë dhe të barabartë në dinjitet dhe në të drejta. Ata kanë arsye dhe ndërgjegje dhe duhet të sillen ndaj njëri tjetrit me frymë vëllazërimi.
725:(1744–1804) which states "Gregory of Durrës translated the Old and New Testament on a script he invented himself". Domi's hypothesis was later supported by Robert Elsie.
720:
712:
708:
1445:
733:
703:
2241:
1725:
2671:
2661:
2236:
2651:
2641:
2231:
2226:
2221:
1638:
1545:"Dëshmi mbi një alfabet origjinal të shqipes nga shekulli XVII: Kozmai i Durrësit si shpikës i mundshëm i alfabetit të parë origjinal të shqipes"
4367:
2656:
1684:
1800:
4399:
811:
Dots are used on three characters as inherent features to indicate varied pronunciation found in
Albanian: single r represents the
3589:
690:(1910–1998) transcribed the manuscript, after which the Elbasan Gospel was published in standard Albanian for the first time.
5469:
1718:
1527:
1483:
627:
4038:
3475:
1787:
141:
2011:
5591:
5237:
5223:
5193:
4332:
1367:
800:
between sounds and letters, with only three exceptions, of which two were restricted to Greek loanwords. The modern
5455:
4172:
3569:
1711:
2016:
3895:
3156:
1449:
5462:
4028:
3667:
171:
678:, who possessed a remarkable personal library and was a notable collector. It was confiscated from him by the
4137:
3662:
2720:
2999:
5596:
5586:
5448:
5427:
2715:
2490:
2006:
1782:
842:
683:
175:
1616:
Trix, Frances (1999). "The
Stamboul alphabet of Shemseddin Sami Bey: precursor to Turkish script reform".
815:
5328:
5307:
3987:
3982:
3677:
3579:
2101:
1792:
702:
to be the author of the alphabet. Domi bases his claim on several factors, the main one being a note by
5395:
3992:
3559:
2972:
2033:
1646:
2725:
2043:
5576:
3645:
3367:
2920:
2507:
658:
162:
137:
170:("the Anonymous of Elbasan"), which is the only document written in it. The document was created at
59:
5145:
5131:
4436:
3019:
2822:
2038:
4750:
2166:
5434:
4462:
3419:
3096:
3075:
2955:
2935:
2767:
2438:
2342:
1819:
1777:
1734:
1587:
Trix, Frances (1997). "Alphabet conflict in the
Balkans: Albanian and the congress of Monastir".
874:
858:
4152:
3091:
3081:
3014:
2524:
1957:
846:
732:, thus sometimes the alphabet is attributed to him. Recent studies seem to point out a certain
1517:
1473:
841:
majority to be unique for this alphabet, whereas
Shuteriqi and Domi see a strong influence of
5536:
5441:
5230:
5179:
4639:
4561:
4325:
4264:
4249:
3818:
3697:
3439:
3399:
3131:
2807:
1991:
1979:
1952:
1937:
4244:
3449:
1357:
716:
5300:
5051:
4728:
4224:
3879:
3843:
3248:
3171:
3004:
2752:
2742:
2581:
2564:
1880:
1662:
1277:
797:
699:
8:
4127:
4023:
3745:
3268:
1974:
2290:
5581:
5286:
5263:
4897:
4786:
4776:
4668:
4611:
4597:
4554:
4259:
4142:
3977:
3869:
3828:
3782:
3777:
3672:
3654:
3322:
3253:
3218:
3166:
2979:
2967:
2378:
2300:
2201:
1756:
1604:
4519:
4177:
1315:
674:
The manuscript was purchased a little before or around World War II by the politician
5409:
5402:
5138:
5124:
5036:
4925:
4835:
4814:
4793:
4721:
4653:
4512:
4470:
4422:
4157:
4147:
3792:
3787:
3692:
3687:
3594:
3549:
3372:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3263:
3258:
3186:
3121:
3106:
3056:
3051:
2994:
2930:
2888:
2730:
2616:
2539:
2055:
2050:
1927:
1608:
1563:
Anonimi i
Elbasanit. Shkrimi shqip në Elbasan në shekujt XVIII-XIX dhe Dhaskal Todhri
1523:
1479:
1363:
1338:
1258:
1248:
1243:
805:
801:
773:
764:
760:
679:
208:
203:
158:
154:
71:
5543:
5481:
5374:
5335:
5321:
5279:
5154:
5100:
5081:
5015:
5007:
4993:
4986:
4911:
4707:
4682:
4618:
4590:
4505:
4491:
4408:
4381:
4318:
4229:
4132:
3954:
3797:
3424:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3273:
3029:
2962:
2950:
2915:
2910:
2893:
2832:
2797:
2757:
2559:
2554:
2502:
2453:
2337:
2271:
2211:
2161:
2106:
2023:
2001:
1986:
1932:
1922:
1856:
1625:
1596:
664:
5381:
4576:
4202:
3853:
3223:
1576:
Rreth autorit dhe kohës së dorëshkrimit elbasanas me shqipërim copash të ungjillit
772:(the language the manuscript was translated from). Elsie argues that the author's
5367:
5059:
5000:
4946:
4939:
4918:
4904:
4888:
4866:
4821:
4714:
4689:
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4429:
4117:
4087:
3910:
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3599:
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3382:
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3208:
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3198:
3111:
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2787:
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2631:
2596:
2591:
2571:
2465:
2423:
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2246:
2216:
2126:
2086:
2028:
1962:
1942:
1890:
1873:
1861:
1679:
1500:
1253:
829:
3564:
2747:
879:
123:
5504:
5388:
5272:
5252:
5161:
5029:
4960:
4859:
4807:
4800:
4632:
4625:
4604:
4583:
4484:
4477:
4284:
4239:
4167:
4162:
4013:
3997:
3972:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3740:
3614:
3574:
3544:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3454:
3429:
3377:
3317:
3283:
3233:
3181:
3146:
3101:
3071:
3024:
2984:
2883:
2837:
2792:
2710:
2646:
2601:
2586:
2549:
2529:
2497:
2485:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2403:
2320:
2305:
2295:
2261:
2251:
2196:
2181:
2146:
1996:
1900:
1848:
1738:
1475:
Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit
821:
769:
752:
3714:
1689:
1629:
1383:
5570:
5511:
5360:
5293:
5216:
5186:
5044:
5022:
4953:
4849:
4828:
4675:
4533:
4451:
4444:
4415:
4374:
4289:
4279:
4274:
4061:
3755:
3414:
3357:
3009:
2782:
2666:
2621:
2576:
2544:
2393:
2310:
2283:
2256:
2186:
2171:
2156:
2111:
1868:
1578:. In the First Conference of Albanologic Studies: Tiranë, 1965. Pages 270-277
1417:
1342:
756:
687:
117:
2330:
1600:
1418:"Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS"
736:(1643-1702) as the author of at least the alphabet, if not the text itself.
4967:
4932:
4873:
4360:
4122:
4018:
3931:
3823:
3724:
3534:
3347:
3312:
3293:
3228:
3116:
2878:
2802:
2611:
2606:
2517:
2512:
2448:
2388:
2368:
2325:
2315:
2266:
2151:
2131:
2121:
1969:
1947:
1905:
1703:
825:
812:
748:
744:
3176:
5550:
5314:
5245:
4526:
4217:
4077:
3838:
3682:
3539:
3444:
3213:
3141:
3126:
3034:
2827:
2737:
2636:
2626:
2480:
2443:
2398:
2383:
2358:
2278:
2206:
2191:
1895:
1565:. Tiranë: Buletin i Institutit të Shkencavet, 1949. Pages 33-54. Page 38
4207:
4182:
3750:
3193:
2683:
2678:
2534:
2475:
2116:
1663:"N3985: Proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS"
1334:
808:
but it is not one-to-one because of the use of ten consonant digraphs.
5518:
5497:
5490:
4269:
4106:
3802:
3769:
3604:
3495:
3044:
2772:
2688:
2413:
83:
4212:
4234:
4197:
4192:
4072:
4033:
3874:
3633:
3518:
3409:
3151:
3039:
2989:
2860:
2373:
2176:
2136:
1917:
1910:
1761:
1693:
1388:
675:
4254:
4341:
3848:
3719:
3609:
3584:
3470:
3307:
3161:
3136:
2905:
2812:
2460:
2074:
1885:
864:
728:
The name "Papa Totasi" (father Totasi) is written on the cover's
183:
99:
182:. The alphabet, like the manuscript, is named after the city of
5342:
3086:
2898:
2817:
2762:
2470:
2141:
776:
becomes clear with the marked crossing out of the Turkish loan
668:
179:
3709:
3704:
3554:
3337:
3238:
2925:
1836:
804:, based on the Latin script, is phonemically regular for the
729:
1320:), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet"
4187:
4082:
784:, which was apparently not recognized as a loan from Latin
747:
notes the author's desire to avoid foreign influences. The
667:
monastery of St. Jovan Vladimir's Church in the village of
1698:
816:
1217:
16:
Mid-18th-century alphabet used for the Albanian language
867:
Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
768:
loans, seven Turkish loans, and twenty-one loans from
1180:
1359:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction
1355:
1589:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
174:in central Albania, but is preserved today at the
1186:
1174:
1168:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1073:
1049:
1008:
978:
972:
960:
863:Elbasan (U+10500–U+1052F) was added to the
5568:
1162:
1150:
1144:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1026:
1014:
1002:
996:
984:
966:
954:
948:
652:
1668:. Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
1156:
1133:
1079:
1020:
990:
942:
1661:Everson, Michael; Elsie, Robert (2011-02-03).
1439:
1437:
1416:Everson, Michael; Elsie, Robert (2010-06-23).
759:had already been in use for Albanian, and the
4326:
1719:
1498:
1471:
1278:Final Accepted Script Proposal
663:The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript comes from the
1733:
1660:
1618:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1515:
1415:
1356:Benjamin w. Fortson, IV (7 September 2011).
1229:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
845:due to the jurisdiction, until 1767, of the
1522:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 146–.
1434:
682:regime in 1945. It is now preserved in the
4333:
4319:
1726:
1712:
1509:
58:
1492:
1465:
134:This article contains Elbasan characters.
1309:
1307:
1305:
1225:
796:The Elbasan alphabet exhibited a nearly
144: instead of the intended characters.
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
5569:
1542:
1505:. State Pub. Enterprise Naim Frashëri.
880:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
739:
25:𐔀𐔐𐔉𐔀𐔁𐔇𐔝𐔍 𐔍 𐔇𐔐𐔁𐔀𐔛𐔀𐔓𐔍𐔝
5470:American Printing House for the Blind
5246:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
4898:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
4314:
4104:
4059:
3952:
3631:
3516:
2858:
2072:
1834:
1817:
1707:
1313:
628:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3953:
1615:
1586:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1282:
4340:
774:determination to root out loanwords
13:
4060:
686:. The albanologist and translator
14:
5608:
1685:Google font Noto Sans for Elbasan
1673:
1443:
1402:
142:very small fonts or other symbols
1636:
1316:"The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (
780:"city" and its replacement with
4105:
1568:
1555:
1536:
641:Standard Albanian orthography:
1799:Languages by writing system /
1456:
1376:
1349:
1271:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1:
5238:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
5194:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
3632:
3517:
2859:
1699:Elbasan Script Transliterator
824:, whereas a dotted l becomes
820:but with a dot it becomes an
791:
693:
653:The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
5449:National Braille Association
5428:Braille Institute of America
5146:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
2073:
1561:Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (1949).
1337:: Südost-Institut: 105–159.
843:Old Church Slavonic language
684:National Archives of Albania
176:National Archives of Albania
7:
5329:Refreshable braille display
5308:Optical braille recognition
4905:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
4437:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
3580:New Epoch Notation Painting
1639:"What's New in Unicode 7.0"
1502:Albanian contemporary prose
1237:
647:
626:Sample, article one of the
172:St. Jovan Vladimir's Church
10:
5613:
5396:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
1835:
1543:Rugova, Yll (2022-01-01).
1478:. Logos-A. pp. 278–.
1264:
1221:As of Unicode version 16.0
1210:
872:
856:
852:
656:
189:
5528:
5479:
5419:
5352:
5262:
5208:
5171:
5132:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
5111:
5092:
5073:
4978:
4884:
4845:
4772:
4699:
4398:
4391:
4352:
4310:
4113:
4100:
4068:
4055:
4006:
3965:
3961:
3948:
3924:
3888:
3862:
3811:
3768:
3733:
3653:
3646:Chinese family of scripts
3644:
3640:
3627:
3525:
3512:
3463:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2716:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
2703:
2351:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2068:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1801:by first written accounts
1770:
1749:
1745:
1680:Free Elbasan Unicode font
1630:10.1017/s0020743800054040
798:one-to-one correspondence
659:Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
163:Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
115:
105:
98:
82:
77:
67:
52:
42:
32:
21:
5592:Obsolete writing systems
5119:Chinese semi-syllabaries
4382:Unicode braille patterns
4368:International uniformity
2823:Thomas Natural Shorthand
5456:Blindness organizations
5435:Braille Without Borders
5224:Canadian currency marks
4846:Egyptian lineage family
4029:Southwest Paleohispanic
1601:10.1515/ijsl.1997.128.1
859:Elbasan (Unicode block)
828:and a dotted d becomes
124:U+10500 – U+1052F
4773:Russian lineage family
4173:Great Lakes Algonquian
3082:Greco-Iberian alphabet
3015:Gabelsberger shorthand
1958:Inscriptional Parthian
1499:Llazar Siliqi (1963).
1472:Xhevat Lloshi (2008).
1423:. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2
1314:Elsie, Robert (1995).
847:Archbishopric of Ohrid
806:standard pronunciation
153:is a mid 18th-century
94:, Elbasan
5537:Accessible publishing
5463:Schools for the blind
5442:Japan Braille Library
5231:Computer Braille Code
4885:Indian lineage family
4265:Old Persian cuneiform
3132:Carolingian minuscule
1938:Ancient North Arabian
1516:Armin Hetzer (1995).
5301:Mountbatten Brailler
4656:(largely reassigned)
4439:(largely reassigned)
3988:Southeastern Iberian
3983:Northeastern Iberian
1881:Egyptian hieroglyphs
1574:Domi, Mahir (1965).
419:n (before g and gj)
166:, also known as the
5597:Constructed scripts
5587:Albanian inventions
5253:Nemeth braille code
5039:(reassigned vowels)
4564:(extended to 8-dot)
4138:Canadian Aboriginal
4024:Khitan small script
3746:Khitan large script
2936:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
1446:"GREGORY OF DURRËS"
1318:Anonimi i Elbasanit
740:Historical analysis
196:
168:Anonimi i Elbasanit
56:Left-to-right
37:Alphabet
5287:Braille translator
5264:Braille technology
5240:(science; GS8/GS6)
5209:Symbols in braille
5139:Taiwanese Mandarin
4654:Taiwanese Mandarin
4260:Nwagu Aneke script
3812:Other logosyllabic
3734:Chinese-influenced
3673:Oracle bone script
3655:Chinese characters
3590:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
2980:Eclectic shorthand
2968:Duployan shorthand
2921:Caucasian Albanian
2721:Canadian syllabics
1757:History of writing
1384:"Elbasan alphabet"
1327:Südost-Forschungen
665:Orthodox Christian
620:(Greek loanwords)
607:(Greek loanwords)
594:(Greek loanwords)
194:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5482:tactile alphabets
5410:William Bell Wait
5403:Sabriye Tenberken
5204:
5203:
5069:
5068:
5054:(Japanese vowels)
4852:-mediated scripts
4779:-mediated scripts
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4158:Ditema tsa Dinoko
4096:
4095:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3764:
3763:
3623:
3622:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2699:
2698:
2064:
2063:
2051:Teeline Shorthand
1809:
1808:
1529:978-3-447-03714-3
1485:978-9989-58-268-4
1259:Vithkuqi alphabet
1249:Linguistic purism
1244:Albanian alphabet
1235:
1234:
802:Albanian alphabet
700:Gregory of Durrës
624:
623:
159:Albanian language
155:alphabetic script
138:rendering support
129:
128:
22:Elbasan alphabet
5604:
5577:Albanian scripts
5553:
5546:
5544:Braille literacy
5539:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5345:
5338:
5336:Slate and stylus
5331:
5324:
5322:Perkins Brailler
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5280:Braille embosser
5275:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5197:
5189:
5182:
5164:
5157:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5104:
5101:American Braille
5085:
5082:Algerian Braille
5062:
5055:
5047:
5040:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4971:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4877:
4869:
4862:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4396:
4395:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4346:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4102:
4101:
4057:
4056:
3963:
3962:
3955:Semi-syllabaries
3950:
3949:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3514:
3513:
2869:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2758:Japanese Braille
2343:Zanabazar square
2212:Nepalese scripts
2102:Bengali–Assamese
2092:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
1987:Pitman shorthand
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1747:
1746:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1669:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1645:. Archived from
1633:
1612:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1448:. Archived from
1441:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1324:
1311:
1280:
1275:
1228:
1220:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
870:
869:
819:
734:Cosmas of Durrës
724:
704:Georgios Zaviras
637:
197:
193:
157:created for the
151:Elbasan alphabet
93:
90:
63:
62:
26:
19:
18:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5368:Charles Barbier
5366:
5359:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5200:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5118:
5107:
5099:
5093:Frequency-based
5088:
5080:
5065:
5058:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4974:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:Bharati Braille
4886:
4880:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4847:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4774:
4768:
4761:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4463:Unified English
4457:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4392:Braille scripts
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4294:
4109:
4092:
4088:Stokoe notation
4064:
4043:
4002:
3957:
3936:
3920:
3884:
3863:Logoconsonantal
3858:
3807:
3760:
3729:
3636:
3619:
3600:Siglas poveiras
3521:
3500:
3459:
3363:Younger Futhark
3067:Gregg shorthand
2863:
2842:
2695:
2347:
2077:
2060:
1839:
1822:
1805:
1778:Writing systems
1766:
1741:
1739:writing systems
1732:
1676:
1665:
1652:
1650:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1556:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1444:Elsie, Robert.
1442:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1350:
1322:
1312:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1254:Todhri alphabet
1240:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
878:
861:
855:
794:
742:
706:
696:
661:
655:
650:
635:
192:
147:
146:
145:
136:Without proper
120:
108:
91:
88:
57:
45:
38:
28:
24:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5610:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5532:
5530:
5529:Related topics
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5505:New York Point
5501:
5494:
5486:
5484:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5389:Harris Mowbray
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5273:Braille e-book
5268:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5056:
5048:
5041:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4870:
4863:
4855:
4853:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4780:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4404:
4402:
4400:French-ordered
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4315:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4240:Linear Elamite
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:Sign languages
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4039:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4014:Espanca script
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Linear Elamite
3969:
3967:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3854:Yi (Classical)
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3680:
3678:Bronze scripts
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3491:Flag semaphore
3488:
3486:New York Point
3483:
3481:Telegraph code
3478:
3476:Maritime flags
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Visible Speech
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:Sorang Sompeng
3397:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Galik alphabet
3281:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3182:Tironian notes
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3025:Garay alphabet
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2808:Sorang Sompeng
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:Déné syllabics
2728:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Proto-Sinaitic
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1743:
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1675:
1674:External links
1672:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1637:West, Andrew.
1634:
1624:(2): 255–272.
1613:
1581:
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1567:
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1452:on 2012-01-13.
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1199:
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888:
884:
883:
857:Main article:
854:
851:
836:. (Today this
822:alveolar trill
793:
790:
770:Biblical Greek
757:Arabic scripts
741:
738:
695:
692:
657:Main article:
654:
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241:
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226:
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221:
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212:
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206:
204:Latin alphabet
201:
191:
188:
140:, you may see
132:
131:
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96:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5609:
5598:
5595:
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5552:
5548:
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5534:
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5527:
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5516:
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5512:Night writing
5509:
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5502:
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5492:
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5422:
5420:Organisations
5418:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:Valentin Haüy
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5361:Louis Braille
5358:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:Braille watch
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:Braille music
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5180:Luxembourgish
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5129:
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5114:
5110:
5102:
5098:
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5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:Other scripts
4977:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
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4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
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4899:
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4892:
4890:
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4875:
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4857:
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4854:
4851:
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4837:
4833:
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4826:
4823:
4819:
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4809:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4771:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4751:Northern Sámi
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:Nordic family
4698:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:South African
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
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4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4562:Luxembourgish
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
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4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4375:ASCII braille
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
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4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
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4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Attic (Greek)
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Proto-Elamite
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Elder Futhark
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Old Hungarian
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Masaram Gondi
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Gunjala Gondi
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:Old Sundanese
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:Old Maldivian
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:Bilang-bilang
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Sylheti Nagri
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Brahmi script
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:South Arabian
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Inscriptional
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
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55:
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35:
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20:
5052:Thai and Lao
4729:Scandinavian
4361:1829 braille
4353:Braille cell
4153:Cypro-Minoan
4019:Pahawh Hmong
3932:Sitelen Pona
3896:Hindu-Arabic
3229:Mundari Bani
2803:Pahawh Hmong
2612:Tamil-Brahmi
2518:Eveyla Akuru
2513:Dhives Akuru
1980:Paleo-Hebrew
1847:
1783:undeciphered
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1642:
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1575:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1548:
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1467:
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1450:the original
1425:. Retrieved
1393:. Retrieved
1387:
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1330:
1326:
1317:
1273:
1226:
1218:
1211:
873:
862:
837:
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830:prenasalized
813:alveolar tap
810:
795:
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781:
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745:Robert Elsie
743:
727:
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662:
643:
640:
634:
631:
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615:
602:
589:
167:
161:
150:
148:
133:
48:18th century
5551:RoboBraille
5375:Róża Czacka
5315:Perforation
5112:Independent
5010:(Bhutanese)
4745:Greenlandic
4416:Azerbaijani
4218:Jindai moji
4107:Syllabaries
4078:SignWriting
3978:Celtiberian
3880:Hieroglyphs
3683:Seal script
3668:Traditional
3540:Blissymbols
3445:Warang Citi
3420:Tolong Siki
3373:Marcomannic
3353:Dalecarlian
3343:Anglo-Saxon
3323:Pau Cin Hau
3214:Medefaidrin
3167:Merovingian
3127:Blackletter
3035:Asomtavruli
2828:Warang Citi
2637:Ulu scripts
2582:New Tai Lue
2525:Mon–Burmese
2379:Bhattiprolu
2207:Nandinagari
2034:ʾEsṭrangēlā
1793:constructed
786:cīvitāt(em)
707: [
44:Time period
33:Script type
5571:Categories
5103:(obsolete)
5084:(obsolete)
4876:(Pakistan)
4787:Belarusian
4669:Vietnamese
4612:Portuguese
4598:Philippine
4555:Lithuanian
4208:Hentaigana
4203:Man'yōgana
3663:Simplified
3550:Ersu Shaba
3464:Non-linear
3269:Old Uyghur
3259:Old Permic
3254:Old Italic
3187:Visigothic
3122:Beneventan
3057:Glagolitic
3020:Gadabuursi
2684:Kolezhuthu
2679:Vatteluttu
2617:Tanchangya
2540:Saurashtra
2117:Devanagari
1975:Phoenician
1928:Manichaean
1653:2013-10-22
1643:BabelStone
1427:2024-06-25
1395:2019-04-15
1335:Regensburg
792:Properties
765:Glagolitic
694:Authorship
5582:Alphabets
5519:Vibratese
5498:Moon type
5491:Decapoint
5172:Eight-dot
5125:Cantonese
5074:Reordered
5037:Inuktitut
4926:Malayalam
4836:Ukrainian
4815:Mongolian
4794:Bulgarian
4757:Norwegian
4722:Icelandic
4513:Hungarian
4471:Esperanto
4423:Cantonese
4007:Redundant
3819:Anatolian
3770:Cuneiform
3698:bird-worm
3634:Logograms
3605:Testerian
3519:Ideograms
3496:Moon type
3383:Staveless
3274:Mongolian
3219:Molodtsov
3177:Sütterlin
3045:Mkhedruli
2911:Bassa Vah
2861:Alphabets
2833:Mwangwego
2798:Mwangwego
2773:Kharosthi
2726:Blackfoot
2689:Malayanma
2560:Sundanese
2555:Sukhothai
2503:Malayalam
2454:Khom Thai
2414:Goykanadi
2338:Tocharian
2291:ʼPhags-pa
2162:Khudabadi
2107:Bhaiksuki
2002:Samaritan
1933:Nabataean
1788:inventors
1690:"Elbasan"
1609:143944248
1343:0081-9077
1188:𐔧
1182:𐔦
1176:𐔥
1170:𐔤
1164:𐔣
1158:𐔢
1152:𐔡
1146:𐔠
1135:𐔟
1129:𐔞
1123:𐔝
1117:𐔜
1111:𐔛
1105:𐔚
1099:𐔙
1093:𐔘
1087:𐔗
1081:𐔖
1075:𐔕
1069:𐔔
1063:𐔓
1057:𐔒
1051:𐔑
1045:𐔐
1034:𐔏
1028:𐔎
1022:𐔍
1016:𐔌
1010:𐔋
1004:𐔊
998:𐔉
992:𐔈
986:𐔇
980:𐔆
974:𐔅
968:𐔄
962:𐔃
956:𐔂
950:𐔁
944:𐔀
826:velarized
680:communist
632:Elbasan:
84:ISO 15924
78:ISO 15924
68:Languages
53:Direction
5155:Japanese
5016:Georgian
5008:Dzongkha
4994:Armenian
4912:Gujarati
4777:Cyrillic
4708:Estonian
4683:Yugoslav
4619:Romanian
4591:Nigerian
4506:Hawaiian
4492:Ghanaian
4409:Albanian
4270:Sumerian
4235:Linear B
4198:Katakana
4193:Hiragana
4143:Cherokee
4073:ASLwrite
4034:Bopomofo
3889:Numerals
3875:Hieratic
3834:Isthmian
3803:Sumerian
3783:Assyrian
3778:Akkadian
3435:Vithkuqi
3410:Tifinagh
3378:Medieval
3333:Pisidian
3328:Phrygian
3299:Vagindra
3244:Ol Chiki
3152:Interlac
3107:Kayah Li
3097:Jenticha
3052:Veso Bey
3040:Nuskhuri
3030:Georgian
3000:Formosan
2995:Etruscan
2990:Enochian
2946:Cyrillic
2931:Coelbren
2889:Armenian
2788:Meroitic
2778:Mandombe
2768:Jenticha
2632:Tigalari
2597:Tai Viet
2592:Tai Tham
2572:Tagbanwa
2424:Javanese
2374:Baybayin
2364:Balinese
2352:Southern
2247:Pracalit
2242:Pachumol
2217:Bhujimol
2177:Mahajani
2137:Gurmukhi
2127:Gujarati
2095:Northern
2075:Abugidas
2056:Ugaritic
2044:Maḏnḥāyā
1918:Tifinagh
1911:Solitreo
1849:Numerals
1762:Grapheme
1750:Overview
1694:Omniglot
1595:: 1–23.
1389:Omniglot
1238:See also
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:U+1052x
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:U+1051x
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:U+1050x
761:Cyrillic
676:Lef Nosi
648:Creation
638:
200:Letters
195:Elbasan
72:Albanian
5060:Tibetan
5001:Burmese
4987:Amharic
4970:(India)
4947:Sinhala
4940:Punjabi
4919:Kannada
4867:Persian
4822:Russian
4762:Swedish
4740:Finnish
4715:Faroese
4690:Zambian
4662:Turkish
4647:Spanish
4570:Maltese
4548:Latvian
4541:Italian
4520:Iñupiaq
4499:Guarani
4459:English
4430:Catalan
4347:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
4342:Braille
4225:Kikakui
4163:Eskayan
4148:Cypriot
3998:Dunging
3870:Demotic
3849:Tenevil
3793:Hittite
3788:Elamite
3741:Jurchen
3720:Sawndip
3715:Chữ Nôm
3615:Zapotec
3610:Yerkish
3585:Nsibidi
3570:Miꞌkmaw
3560:Isotype
3530:Adinkra
3471:Braille
3455:Zaghawa
3425:Vellara
3405:Sunuwar
3395:Sidetic
3390:Shavian
3318:Osmanya
3308:Ol Onal
3162:Kurrent
3147:Insular
3137:Fraktur
3112:Klingon
3102:Kaddare
3076:Archaic
2985:Elbasan
2973:Chinook
2963:Deseret
2951:Bosnian
2906:Avoiuli
2894:Avestan
2884:Ariyaka
2813:Tengwar
2711:Bharati
2672:Serawai
2662:Pasemah
2647:Lampung
2602:Lai Tay
2587:Tai Noi
2550:Sinhala
2530:Pallava
2498:Makasar
2486:Lontara
2461:Kulitan
2434:Kannada
2429:Kadamba
2419:Hanunoo
2409:Grantha
2404:Fakkham
2321:Tibetan
2306:Soyombo
2301:Siddhaṃ
2296:Sharada
2272:Litumol
2262:Tirhuta
2252:Ranjana
2237:Kvemmol
2197:Multani
2182:Marchen
2147:Kalinga
2087:Brahmic
2024:Sogdian
1963:Psalter
1943:Pahlavi
1923:Mandaic
1901:Cursive
1886:Elymaic
1857:Aramaic
1549:Shejzat
1265:Sources
875:Elbasan
865:Unicode
853:Unicode
190:Letters
184:Elbasan
111:Elbasan
100:Unicode
27:
5480:Other
5353:People
5343:Braigo
5162:Korean
5030:Hebrew
4961:Telugu
4860:Arabic
4850:Arabic
4808:Kyrgyz
4801:Kazakh
4735:Danish
4633:Slovak
4626:Samoan
4605:Polish
4584:Navajo
4485:German
4478:French
4345:
4290:Yugtun
4280:Woleai
4230:Kpelle
4213:Sōgana
4133:Byblos
3911:Muisca
3829:Cretan
3798:Luwian
3756:Tangut
3575:Mixtec
3545:Dongba
3450:Yezidi
3440:Wancho
3415:Todhri
3368:Gothic
3348:Cipher
3289:Manchu
3279:Evenki
3264:Orkhon
3209:Manchu
3204:Lydian
3199:Lycian
3142:Gaelic
3092:Hanifi
3087:Hangul
3062:Gothic
3010:Fraser
3005:Fox II
2941:Coptic
2916:Carian
2899:Pazend
2872:Linear
2818:Thaana
2763:Sarati
2704:Others
2667:Rejang
2652:Lembak
2642:Incung
2622:Telugu
2577:Tai Le
2471:Langdi
2394:Chakma
2284:Karani
2257:Tamyig
2232:Kummol
2227:Himmol
2222:Golmol
2202:Nagari
2187:Meitei
2172:Lepcha
2157:Khojki
2142:Kaithi
2029:Syriac
2017:Musnad
1896:Ashuri
1891:Hebrew
1874:Elifba
1869:Arabic
1862:Hatran
1837:Abjads
1607:
1526:
1482:
1366:
1341:
887:
882:(PDF)
778:sheher
669:Shijon
248:ç, xh
180:Tirana
5196:(GS8)
5187:Kanji
5045:Khmer
5023:Greek
4954:Tamil
4887:i.e.
4848:i.e.
4829:Tatar
4775:i.e.
4676:Welsh
4577:Māori
4534:Irish
4452:Dutch
4445:Czech
4255:Nüshu
4123:Bamum
4118:Afaka
3925:Other
3916:Roman
3901:Abjad
3824:Bagam
3725:Bowen
3710:Kanji
3705:Hanja
3693:small
3688:large
3595:Olmec
3565:Kaidā
3555:Emoji
3535:Aztec
3338:Runic
3313:Osage
3294:Oirat
3239:Ogham
3172:Sigla
3117:Latin
3072:Greek
2956:Early
2926:Cirth
2879:Adlam
2748:Geʽez
2743:Fox I
2607:Tamil
2466:Lanna
2449:Khmer
2439:Karen
2389:Buhid
2369:Batak
2326:Uchen
2316:Takri
2267:Limbu
2167:Laṇḍā
2152:Khema
2132:Gupta
2122:Dogri
2039:Serṭā
2012:Zabur
1997:Punic
1970:Pegon
1906:Rashi
1820:Types
1771:Lists
1735:Types
1666:(PDF)
1605:S2CID
1421:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1212:Notes
832:into
782:qytet
753:Greek
749:Latin
730:verso
723:]
92:(226)
4968:Urdu
4933:Odia
4874:Urdu
4250:Loma
4245:Lisu
4188:Kana
4178:Iban
4168:Geba
4128:Bété
4083:si5s
3993:Khom
3966:Full
3839:Maya
3234:N'Ko
2793:Miao
2738:Dham
2657:Ogan
2627:Thai
2545:Shan
2481:Leke
2444:Kawi
2399:Cham
2384:Buda
2359:Ahom
2279:Odia
2192:Modi
1948:Book
1524:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1339:ISSN
763:and
755:and
149:The
89:Elba
4527:IPA
4275:Vai
4183:Idu
3751:Sui
3224:Mru
3194:Luo
3157:IPA
2838:Rma
2535:Pyu
2476:Lao
2331:Umê
1737:of
1626:doi
1597:doi
1593:128
788:.
612:𐔧
599:𐔦
586:𐔥
579:zh
576:𐔤
566:𐔣
556:𐔢
546:𐔡
536:𐔠
526:𐔟
519:th
516:𐔞
506:𐔝
499:sh
496:𐔜
486:𐔛
479:rr
476:𐔚
466:𐔙
456:𐔘
446:𐔗
436:𐔖
429:nj
426:𐔕
416:𐔔
406:𐔓
396:𐔒
389:ll
386:𐔑
376:𐔐
366:𐔏
356:𐔎
346:𐔍
336:𐔌
329:gj
326:𐔋
316:𐔊
306:𐔉
296:𐔈
286:𐔇
279:dh
276:𐔆
269:nd
266:𐔅
256:𐔄
251:,
245:𐔃
235:𐔂
225:𐔁
215:𐔀
178:in
5573::
4285:Yi
1692:-
1641:.
1622:31
1620:.
1603:.
1591:.
1547:.
1436:^
1404:^
1386:.
1362:.
1333:.
1331:54
1329:.
1325:.
1284:^
1224:2.
1216:1.
935:F
849:.
838:nd
834:nd
751:,
721:ru
719:;
717:hu
715:;
713:el
711:;
709:bg
616:kh
603:gh
590:gh
569:z
559:y
549:x
539:v
529:u
509:t
489:s
469:r
459:q
449:p
439:o
409:n
399:m
379:l
369:k
359:j
349:i
339:h
319:g
309:f
299:ë
289:e
259:d
238:c
228:b
218:a
4465:)
4461:(
4334:e
4327:t
4320:v
3078:)
3074:(
1727:e
1720:t
1713:v
1656:.
1632:.
1628::
1611:.
1599::
1551:.
1532:.
1488:.
1430:.
1398:.
1372:.
1345:.
932:E
929:D
926:C
923:B
920:A
917:9
914:8
911:7
908:6
905:5
902:4
899:3
896:2
893:1
890:0
817:ɾ
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