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1284:. The adventure stars a female archaeologist Amelia Peabody and the mystery of the missing Bust of Nefertiti. The Painted Queen takes place in the 1912, several years after the actual excavations at Amarna, when excavations in Egypt are solely European, local hires, or looters. Like all good mystery novels, there is humor, twists, and turns, and a predictable ending of a solved case.
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abandonment, it is questionable how representative of ancient
Egyptian cities it actually is. Amarna was hastily constructed and covered an area of approximately 8 miles (13 km) of territory on the east bank of the Nile River; on the west bank, land was set aside to provide crops for the city's population. The entire city is encircled with a total of 14 boundary
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plates formed the basis for scholastic knowledge and interpretation of many of the scenes and inscriptions in the private tombs and some of the
Boundary Stelae for the rest of the century. The records made by these early explorers teams are of immense importance since many of these remains were later
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was the Chief wife in
Akhenaten's court or haram. Though she is well known by name, as many historical female role models, her story is often overlooked for masculine rulers. Michelle Moran webs her story of the queen and her sister with political secrets, loss of innocence, and female strength in a
901:, it depicted its subjects more realistically. These included informal scenes, such as intimate portrayals of affection within the royal family or playing with their children, and no longer portrayed women as lighter coloured than men. The art also had a realism that sometimes borders on caricature.
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Much of what is known about Amarna's founding is due to the preservation of a series of official boundary stelae (13 are known) ringing the perimeter of the city. These are cut into the cliffs on both sides of the Nile (10 on the east, 3 on the west) and record the events of
Akhetaten (Amarna) from
571:
when He rises on the horizon and fills the land with His love, and took a goodly road to
Akhetaten, the place of origin, which had created for Himself that he might be happy therein. It was His son Wa'enrē who founded it for Him as His monument when His Father commanded him to make it. Heaven was
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which is dated to Year 5, IV Peret (or month 8), day 13 of
Akhenaten's reign. (Most of the original 14 boundary stelae have been badly eroded.) It preserves an account of Akhenaten's foundation of this city. The document records the pharaoh's wish to have several temples of
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indicates that it was at least partially occupied at the beginning of his reign, if only as a source for building material elsewhere. Once it was abandoned, it remained uninhabited until Roman settlement began along the edge of the Nile. However, due to the unique circumstances of its creation and
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novels after the author's passing in 2013. Elizabeth Peters was a school trained archaeologist, but was persuaded by her male colleagues that a woman was not to be an archaeologist, so "she created characters based on those misogynistic
Egyptologists..." as stated by
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519:. Construction started in or around Year 5 of his reign (1346 BC) and was probably completed by Year 9 (1341 BC), although it became the capital city two years earlier. To speed up construction of the city most of the buildings were constructed out of
1318:, discusses everything from the conception of Amarna to the abandonment of the city. Within the book are images that display art, architecture, and the city as it was (reconstructed) and now. It also has a short chapter written by Kemp in the book
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were used for religious functions and between these the Great Royal Palace and Royal
Residence were the ceremonial residence of the king and royal family, and were linked by a bridge or ramp. Located behind the Royal Residence was the
642:, the main residence of the royal family. Between this and the central city, the Northern Suburb was initially a prosperous area with large houses, but the house size decreased and became poorer the further from the road they were.
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Located on the east bank of the Nile, the ruins of the city are laid out roughly north to south along a "Royal Road", now referred to as "Sikhet es-Sultan". The Royal residences are generally to the north, in what is known as the
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visited the site in 1843 and 1845, and recorded the visible monuments and topography of Amarna in two separate visits over a total of twelve days, using drawings and paper squeezes. The results were ultimately published in
805:, so loyalty among the ranks was strong and unwavering. Perhaps most importantly, "it was a military whose massed ranks the king took every opportunity to celebrate in temple reliefs, first at Thebes and later at Amarna."
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and his surveyor G. Laver visited the locality and uncovered several of the
Southern Tombs from sand drifts, recording the reliefs in 1833. The copies made by Hay and Laver languish largely unpublished in the
1079:, glass, and ceramic in sifting the palace rubbish heaps (including Mycenaean sherds). By publishing his results and reconstructions rapidly, Petrie was able to stimulate further interest in the site's potential.
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Alabaster sunken relief depicting
Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and daughter Meritaten. Early Aten cartouches on king's arm and chest. From Amarna, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
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was started in a narrow valley to the east of the city, hidden in the cliffs. Only one tomb was completed, and was used by an unnamed Royal Wife, and Akhenaten's tomb was hastily used to hold him and likely
543:(labeled A thru V with discontinuities left for those thought to be missing, Stele B was defaced by locals in 1885) detailing Akhenaten's conditions for the establishment of this new capital city of Egypt.
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The area of the city was effectively a virgin site, and it was this city that Akhetaten described as the Aten's "seat of the First Occasion, which he had made for himself that he might rest in it".
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described and copied the reliefs from the Royal Tomb, later publishing its findings together with objects thought to have come from the tomb. This work was published in 2 volumes by the EES.
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as well as his explicit command that when he was dead, he would be brought back to Amarna for burial. Boundary stela K introduces a description of the events that were being celebrated at Amarna:
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Siliceous limestone fragment of a statue. There are late Aten cartouches on the draped right shoulder. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
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had been an important military leader. Additionally, everyone in the military had grown up together, they had been a part of the richest and most successful period in Egypt's history under
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It is the only ancient Egyptian city which preserves great details of its internal plan in large part because it was abandoned almost completely shortly after the royal government of
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of the stelae where he stands with his queen and eldest daughter before an altar heaped with offerings under the Aten, while it shines upon him rejuvenating his body with its rays."
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829:, archaeological evidence shows other deities were also revered, even at the centre of the Aten cult – if not officially, then at least by the people who lived and worked there.
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Limestone trial piece of a private person. Head of a princess on the reverse. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, UCL, London
837:(2008: 41–46) has shown the presence of objects that depict gods, goddesses and symbols that belong to the traditional field of personal belief. So many examples of
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lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.
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published drawn and photographic descriptions of private tombs and boundary stelae from Amarna from 1903 to 1908. These books were republished by the EES in 2006.
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1348:. Most of the article can be found in both the paperback or on the National Geographic website (currently the most recent article was published January 2021).
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Limestone fragment column showing reeds and an early Aten cartouche. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
1820:
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739:(each a rectangle of carved rock on the cliffs on both sides of the Nile) describing the founding of the city are a primary source of information about it.
2016:
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Freed, Rita A., Yvonne J. Markowitz, and Sue H. D'Auria, eds. 1999. Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamun. London: Thames and Hudson.
638:. This building ran all the way up to the waterfront and was likely the main residence of the royal family. Located within the North City area is the
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1933:
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845:, part crocodile, part hippopotamus, who was associated with childbirth. Also in the royal workmen's village at Akhetaten, stelae dedicated to
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for such communication. This discovery led to the recognition of the importance of the site, and led to a further increase in exploration.
1955:
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priest who was travelling through the Nile Valley, and described the boundary stela from Amarna. As with much of Egypt, it was visited by
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discovered and cleared the king's tomb (although it was probably known to the local population from about 1880). In 1891 and 1892 Sir
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comes from the Beni Amran tribe that lived in the region and founded a few settlements. The ancient Egyptian name was Akhetaten.
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If one approached the city of Amarna from the north by river the first buildings past the northern boundary stele would be the
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the Aten to be erected here, for several royal tombs to be created in the eastern hills of Amarna for himself, his chief wife
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Modern Egypt and Thebes: being a description of Egypt; including the information required for travellers in that country
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between 1849 and 1913, including an improved map of the city. Despite being somewhat limited in accuracy, the engraved
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is a historical fiction work that guides the reader from the perspective of Queen Nefertiti and her younger sister
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1557:(reprint of 4th edition (1962), revised from first (1926) ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 60.
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From 1921 to 1936 an Egypt Exploration Society expedition returned to excavation at Amarna under the direction of
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605:, with a central administration and religious area and the south of the city is made up of residential suburbs.
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2012:
1842:
841:, the grotesque dwarf figure who warded off evil spirits, have been found, as well as of the goddess-monster,
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1703:
Kemp, Barry, The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People, Thames and Hudson, 2012, pp. 151–153
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served as the digs administrator. The renewed investigations were focused on religious and royal structures.
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690:(High Priest of the Aten), and Ramose (Master of Horses). This area also held the studio of the sculptor
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Most of the important ceremonial and administrative buildings were located in the central city. Here the
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to build Akhetaten. In the English lines, it is consistently referred to as the "City of the Horizon".
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The Amarna art-style broke with long-established Egyptian conventions. Unlike the strict idealistic
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This area was probably the first area to be completed, and had at least two phases of construction.
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797:, one of Akhenaten's principal advisors, exercised great influence in this area because his father
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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in 1798–1799, who prepared the first detailed map of Amarna, which was subsequently published in
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In the cliffs to the north and south of the Royal Wadi, the nobles of the city constructed their
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1298:. The story follows the timeline from her time in Thebes to Amarna and after Akhenaten's death.
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1959:
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1102:, excavated extensively throughout the North and South suburbs of the city. The famous bust of
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While the reforms of Akhenaten are generally believed to have been oriented towards a sort of
534:). The city seems to have remained active for a decade or so after his death, and a shrine to
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8:
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2416:. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology; Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague.
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To make the move from Thebes to Amarna, Akhenaten needed the support of the military.
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joyful, the earth was glad every heart was filled with delight when they beheld him.
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Exploration of the city continues to the present, currently under the direction of
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tablets, the remains of several glass factories, and a great quantity of discarded
709:, which was a palace or sun-temple originally thought to have been constructed for
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The city was built as the new capital of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, dedicated to his
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1715:"Akhenaten's Workers: The Amarna Stone Village Survey, 2005–2009 (Book Review)"
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Language of Amarna – Language of Diplomacy: Perspectives On the Amarna Letters
1980:
523:, and white washed. The most important buildings were faced with local stone.
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682:. It contained the estates of many of the city's powerful nobles, including
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2310:(Thesis). Winona Lake, IN: American Schools of Oriental Research. DASOR, 9.
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321:
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389:, following the sometimes contradictory descriptions of Roman-era authors
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Petrie, W. M. Flinders, "Tell el Amarna", London, Methuen & co, 1894
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1879:. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania.
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710:
706:
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963:, where an ongoing project to identify their locations is underway.
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to the god Aten "and this is the theme which is illustrated in the
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of private individuals, close to the southern tombs of the Nobles.
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687:
585:
564:
535:
520:
421:
407:), although he was not sure about the identification and suggested
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The earliest dated stele from Akhenaten's new city is known to be
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842:
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During the 1960s the Egyptian Antiquities Organization (now the
1059:. He excavated primarily in the Central City, investigating the
1021:
correspondence of the Pharaoh and were predominantly written in
717:, but on her death her name and images were altered to those of
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3000:
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1336:
and archaeological articles have published articles on Amarna,
1094:
In the early years of the 20th century (1907 to 1914) the
1005:
930:
751:
408:
1055:
worked for one season at Amarna, working independently of the
2525:
2481:– Shows just a few, but stunning, examples of the art of the
1908:
Seth – a misrepresented god in the Ancient Egyptian pantheon?
1149:
678:
To the south of the city was the area now referred to as the
540:
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329:
325:
260:
107:
1981:"Wallis Budge describes the discovery of the Amarna tablets"
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This text then goes on to state that Akhenaten made a great
225:
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3081:
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
950:
After this European exploration continued in 1824 when Sir
905:
846:
798:
714:
568:
516:
324:, 312 km (194 mi) south of the Egyptian capital,
320:. It is about 58 km (36 mi) south of the city of
306:
231:
216:
2502:– 3D visualisation of the city developed by Paul Docherty.
2400:
The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People
2317:
The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Amarna and its People
1522:
1477:"Tell Amarna in the general framework of the Halaf period"
1312:
The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People
925:
The first western mention of the city was made in 1714 by
278:
was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the
2880:
1590:. Vol. II. London: John Murray. 1843. pp. 43–44
861:
Scribes with pens and papyrus scrolls. Relief from Amarna
838:
3589:
Populated places disestablished in the 2nd millennium BC
705:, and was probably built as a sun-temple., and then the
694:, where the famous bust of Nefertiti was found in 1912.
1118:
in August 1914 terminated the German excavations.
385:
visited Amarna twice in the 1820s and identified it as
2388:. Warminster, Wiltshire, England: Aris & Phillips.
2135:
Archaeology From Space: How The Future Shapes Our Past
853:
have been discovered (Watterson 1984: 158 & 208).
3584:
Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC
1877:
Akhenaten and Tutankhamun, Revolution and Restoration
1189:
From 2005 to 2013, the Amarna Project excavated at a
228:
2278:
920:
912:
and suppressed, this art had a more lasting legacy.
580:
Statues to the left of Boundary stela U in el-Amarna
254:
1063:, the Great Official Palace, the King's House, the
776:
222:
219:
2335:
2257:
2226:
1171:, England) (until 2006, under the auspices of the
954:explored and mapped the city remains. The copyist
508:showed that this was the place to found the city.
2342:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
2081:
735:Surrounding the city and marking its extent, the
3560:
2305:
1956:"The Robert Hay Drawings in the British Library"
1924:
1922:
1889:
1042:
1155:) undertook a number of excavations at Amarna.
2637:
2299:The Rash Adventurer, A Life of John Pendlebury
1998:
1996:
833:... at Akhetaten itself, recent excavation by
3154:
2780:
2623:
1919:
1675:
1673:
1280:, a female archaeologist that specializes in
1267:written by the famous Elizabeth Peters a.k.a
915:
2521:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1687:
1685:
1663:
1661:
1386:"The Official Website of the Amarna Project"
316:, in what today is the Egyptian province of
37:
2314:
2287:
2281:The Rock Tombs of El Amarna. Parts 1–6
1993:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1158:
1082:
1071:, Petrie's excavations revealed additional
343:Activity in the region flourished from the
3161:
3147:
2787:
2773:
2630:
2616:
2279:de Garis Davies, Norman (1903–1908).
1670:
47:
27:Akhenaten's capital of Egypt, 1346–1332 BC
2421:Amarna: Ancient Egypt's Age of Revolution
2368:Amarna: Ancient Egypt's Age of Revolution
1730:
1682:
1658:
1640:
1554:Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries
1252:Learn how and when to remove this message
701:, an enclosure, usually referred to as a
530:quit the city in favor of Thebes (modern
328:, and 402 km (250 mi) north of
3168:
2505:
2393:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization
2365:
1502:"Digital Egypt for Universities: Amarna"
1404:
1182:). In 1980 a separate expedition led by
986:
883:
875:
856:
807:
784:
741:
618:
575:
366:(This site should be distinguished from
3574:14th-century BC establishments in Egypt
2356:
2296:
2177:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 88–93.
2172:
1616:
1614:
1445:
1443:
563:His Majesty mounted a great chariot of
293:used for the city is transliterated as
266:containing the remains of what was the
14:
3561:
2323:
2224:
2132:
2107:
2019:from the original on 27 September 2008
1904:
1894:. London, UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.
1849:from the original on 27 September 2008
1712:
1624:. Archaeology.org. 27 September 2006.
1529:. Malta: privately printed. p. 22
1516:
1271:is the most recent installment to the
921:18th and 19th century excavations
3614:Populated places in Minya Governorate
3142:
2768:
2611:
2407:Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt
2333:
2255:
2199:"Amarna - National Geographic Search"
2147:
1699:
1697:
1541:
998:
697:Further to the south of the city was
3523:
2532:
2175:Cities That Shaped the Ancient World
1611:
1578:
1440:
1320:Cities That Shaped the Ancient World
1205:
414:
312:The site is on the east bank of the
3543:
2673:Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh
1936:from the original on 8 October 2008
1788:from the original on 8 October 2008
1523:Sir John Gardner Wilkinson (1828).
1392:from the original on 8 October 2008
1167:(Emeritus Professor in Egyptology,
1065:Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh
1003:In 1887, a local woman digging for
977:Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien
865:
673:
661:Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh
244:
38:
24:
2423:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus.
2375:
1694:
1451:"Middle Egypt Survey Project 2006"
1361:, act II, scene 3 ("The City") by
782:founding to just before its fall.
25:
3640:
3579:14th-century BC disestablishments
3271:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
2794:
2427:
2260:Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt
1628:from the original on 11 July 2007
1457:from the original on 22 June 2007
1017:). These tablets recorded select
816:
724:
3604:Former populated places in Egypt
3542:
3532:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3464:
2838:
2686:
2558:
2541:
2490:"M.A. Mansoor Amarna Collection"
2319:. London, UK: Thames and Hudson.
2084:"Grim secrets of Pharaoh's city"
2082:John Hayes-Fisher (2008-01-25).
1892:Akhenaten, Egypt's False Prophet
1823:from the original on 29 May 2007
1306:
1210:
777:Life in ancient Amarna/Akhetaten
595:
420:
212:
74:
67:
3594:1714 archaeological discoveries
3533:
2191:
2166:
2141:
2126:
2101:
2075:
2050:
2041:
2030:
2005:
1973:
1948:
1898:
1883:
1861:
1835:
1809:
1800:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1719:American Journal of Archaeology
1706:
1649:
1602:
757:Away from the city Akhenaten's
645:
332:(site of the previous capital,
2471:. The University of Cambridge.
1551:; John Richard Harris (2011).
1494:
1469:
1418:
1378:
1153:Supreme Council of Antiquities
1009:uncovered a cache of over 300
825:, or perhaps more accurately,
289:in 1332 BC. The name that the
285:, and abandoned shortly after
75:
13:
1:
2384:Giles, Frederick John. 2001.
2233:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2218:
2173:Norwich, John Julius (2014).
1426:"Google Maps Satellite image"
1159:21st century excavations
1083:20th century excavations
1043:Excavation of the king's tomb
984:destroyed or otherwise lost.
908:was later referred to as the
608:
2744:Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten
2458:Resources in other libraries
2402:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2326:The Royal Tomb at el-'Amarna
2058:"Fieldwork – Tell El-Armana"
1732:10.3764/ajaonline1174.Muller
1325:
1201:
746:Tutankamun Amarna portrait.
411:as an alternative location.
7:
3456:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
3276:Population history of Egypt
2395:. 2d ed. London: Routledge.
2359:Akhenaten: The Heretic King
1504:. University College London
1365:describes the mandate from
1196:
1096:Deutsche Orientgesellschaft
1089:Norman de Garis Davies
1013:(now commonly known as the
686:(Chief Minister), Ranefer,
255:
196:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10:
3645:
2639:City of Akhetaten — Amarna
2419:Watterson, Barbara. 1999.
2405:Murnane, William J. 1995.
2366:Waterson, Barbara (1999).
2334:Moran, William L. (1992).
2137:. Henry Holt. p. 188.
2108:Peters, Elizabeth (2017).
1875:; Jennifer Houser (2006).
916:Rediscovery and excavation
869:
728:
612:
555:, and his eldest daughter
259:) is an extensive ancient
3496:
3473:
3462:
3200:
3177:
3095:
3059:
2944:
2889:
2854:
2847:
2836:
2802:
2731:
2695:
2684:
2645:
2596:
2586:
2578:
2453:Resources in your library
2306:Hess, Richard S. (1996).
2288:Eyma, Aayko, ed. (2003).
2002:Grundon (2007), pp. 90–91
1890:Reeves, Nicholas (2001).
1173:Egypt Exploration Society
1031:commonly used during the
731:Workmen's Village, Amarna
419:
381:English Egyptologist Sir
191:
183:
173:
168:
160:
123:
113:
99:
95:El-Amarna, Tell el-Amarna
91:
62:
46:
35:
3629:Former capitals of Egypt
3508:Ancient Egypt portal
2912:Neferneferuaten Tasherit
2668:Great Temple of the Aten
2594:c. 1353 BC – c. 1332 BC
2357:Redford, Donald (1984).
2297:Grundon, Imogen (2007).
2229:Akhenaten: King of Egypt
2148:Moran, Michelle (2009).
1913:University of Manchester
1655:Aldred (1988), pp. 47–50
1453:. Amarna Project. 2006.
1372:
1351:
1061:Great Temple of the Aten
652:Great Temple of the Aten
3599:Cities in ancient Egypt
3021:Neferkheperuhersekheper
2932:Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit
2518:Encyclopædia Britannica
2292:. Universal-Publishers.
2256:David, Rosalie (1998).
1911:(PhD). Manchester, UK:
1905:Turner, Philip (2012).
1771:Waterson (1999), p. 138
1713:Müller, Miriam (2013).
1169:University of Cambridge
1087:The copyist and artist
952:John Gardiner Wilkinson
947:between 1821 and 1830.
944:Description de l'Égypte
766:, his second daughter.
623:Akhenaten seal ring in
354:
2663:North Riverside Palace
2512:"Tell el Amarna"
2498:"The Amarna3D Project"
2412:Mynářová, Jana. 2007.
2324:Martin, G.T. (1989) .
2225:Aldred, Cyril (1988).
2133:Parcak, Sarah (2019).
2015:. The Amarna Project.
1753:Waterson (1999), p. 82
1679:Waterson (1999), p. 81
1232:by rewriting it in an
1114:. The outbreak of the
1057:Egypt Exploration Fund
1047:Between 1891 and 1892
995:
890:
881:
862:
855:
813:
790:
754:
636:North Riverside Palace
631:
581:
574:
500:'s resemblance to the
383:John Gardner Wilkinson
3182:Glossary of artifacts
2398:Kemp, Barry J. 2012.
2391:Kemp, Barry J. 2006.
2386:The Amarna Age: Egypt
2308:Amarna Personal Names
1691:Grundon (2007), p. 92
1608:Grundon (2007), p. 89
1526:Materia hieroglyphica
1303:patriarchal society.
990:
904:While the worship of
887:
879:
860:
831:
811:
788:
745:
622:
579:
561:
548:Boundary stele K
187:Approximately 1346 BC
145:27.64528°N 30.89639°E
92:Alternative name
2723:South Tombs Cemetery
2477:"Amarna Art Gallery"
2409:. Atlanta: Scholars.
2315:Kemp, Barry (2012).
2047:Grundon(2007), p. 71
1762:Moran (1992), p. xiv
1667:Aldred (1988), p. 48
1646:Aldred (1988), p. 47
1415:David (1998), p. 125
368:Tell Amarna in Syria
3624:Tells (archaeology)
3328:Cursive hieroglyphs
2718:Tombs of the Nobles
2290:A Delta-Man in Yebu
2203:National Geographic
1622:"Excavating Amarna"
1333:National Geographic
1098:expedition, led by
1049:Alessandro Barsanti
496:It may be that the
264:archaeological site
141: /
32:
3301:Funerary practices
2927:Meritaten Tasherit
2338:The Amarna Letters
2328:. London, UK: EES.
2152:. Broadway Books.
1869:Silverman, David P
1806:Eyma (2003), p. 53
1330:In the past years
1234:encyclopedic style
1221:is written like a
1108:Ägyptisches Museum
1106:, now in Berlin's
999:The Amarna letters
996:
970:expedition led by
891:
882:
863:
814:
803:Akhenaten's father
791:
755:
632:
629:Walters Art Museum
615:North City, Amarna
582:
515:of worship to the
272:Eighteenth Dynasty
150:27.64528; 30.89639
83:Shown within Egypt
30:
3556:
3555:
3311:Great Royal Wives
3281:Prehistoric Egypt
3136:
3135:
3108:Amarna succession
2940:
2939:
2762:
2761:
2739:Workmen's Village
2713:Tomb of Akhenaten
2678:Small Aten Temple
2606:
2605:
2597:Succeeded by
2434:Library resources
2264:. Facts on File.
2240:978-0-500-05048-4
2110:The Painted Queen
1817:"Boundary Stelae"
1564:978-0-486-40446-2
1265:The Painted Queen
1262:
1261:
1254:
1175:and now with the
1135:Stephen Glanville
1037:Ancient Near East
1011:cuneiform tablets
656:Small Aten Temple
487:Great Aten Temple
437:Tomb of Akhenaten
432:Workmen's village
415:City of Akhetaten
291:ancient Egyptians
253:
205:
204:
104:Minya Governorate
55:Small Aten Temple
16:(Redirected from
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3609:Planned capitals
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3128:Amarna Art Style
2875:The Younger Lady
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2589:Capital of Egypt
2579:Preceded by
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2554:
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2480:
2472:
2469:"Amarna Project"
2371:
2362:
2361:. Princeton, NJ.
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2090:. news.bbc.co.uk
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2060:. Archived from
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1930:"Mapping Amarna"
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1181:
1178:"Amarna Project"
1100:Ludwig Borchardt
939:corps de savants
866:Amarna art-style
759:Royal necropolis
721:, his daughter.
680:Southern Suburbs
674:Southern suburbs
424:
347:until the later
270:during the late
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2820:Neferneferuaten
2798:
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2727:
2703:Anonymous Tombs
2691:
2682:
2658:Northern Palace
2641:
2636:
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2584:
2574:
2570:from Wikivoyage
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2537:
2533:sister projects
2530:at Knowledge's
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1230:help improve it
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1204:
1199:
1184:Geoffrey Martin
1176:
1161:
1139:John Pendlebury
1131:Henri Frankfort
1127:Leonard Woolley
1116:First World War
1085:
1053:Flinders Petrie
1045:
1033:Late Bronze Age
1001:
972:Richard Lepsius
961:British Library
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737:Boundary Stelae
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640:Northern Palace
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2509:, ed. (1911).
2507:Chisholm, Hugh
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3170:Ancient Egypt
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2796:Amarna Period
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2567:Travel guides
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2483:Amarna period
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2144:
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2111:
2104:
2089:
2088:BBC Timewatch
2085:
2078:
2064:on 2008-04-24
2063:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1962:on 2006-06-27
1961:
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1935:
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1787:
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1782:"Kom El-Nana"
1777:
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1428:. Google Maps
1427:
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1359:
1349:
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1317:
1313:
1307:Non-fictional
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:Barbara Mertz
1266:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1219:This section
1217:
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1207:
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1034:
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1028:lingua franca
1024:
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989:
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957:
953:
948:
946:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:Claude Sicard
913:
911:
910:Amarna heresy
907:
902:
900:
896:
886:
878:
873:
859:
854:
852:
848:
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671:
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630:
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621:
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596:Site and plan
593:
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457:Desert altars
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345:Amarna Period
341:
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90:
70:
61:
56:
50:
45:
34:
19:
3210:Architecture
3087:Amarna Tombs
3066:
2907:Ankhesenamun
2848:Royal family
2638:
2591:(Akhetaten)
2587:
2565:
2553:from Commons
2548:
2527:
2516:
2448:Online books
2438:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2367:
2358:
2337:
2330:2 vols.
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2259:
2228:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2174:
2168:
2149:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2109:
2103:
2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2077:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2052:
2043:
2032:
2021:. Retrieved
2013:"Royal Tomb"
2007:
1984:. Retrieved
1975:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:the original
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1907:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1843:"Royal Tomb"
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1586:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1553:
1549:Alfred Lucas
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1525:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1481:academia.edu
1480:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1430:. Retrieved
1420:
1394:. Retrieved
1380:
1363:Philip Glass
1356:
1355:
1331:
1329:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1287:
1286:
1278:Sarah Parcak
1264:
1263:
1248:
1239:
1220:
1188:
1162:
1147:
1120:
1093:
1086:
1046:
1026:
1004:
1002:
980:
976:
965:
949:
942:
938:
924:
903:
899:Egyptian art
897:of previous
892:
832:
820:
792:
780:
768:
756:
748:Altes Museum
734:
702:
696:
679:
677:
669:
667:were found.
663:, where the
649:
646:Central City
633:
625:blue faience
599:
583:
562:
547:
545:
525:
513:new religion
510:
505:
495:
492:
409:Kom el-Ahmar
402:
394:
386:
380:
372:Halaf period
365:
360:
358:
342:
311:
298:
294:
275:
268:capital city
207:
206:
57:at Akhetaten
3548:WikiProject
3362:Mathematics
3323:Hieroglyphs
3237:Portraiture
3205:Agriculture
3192:Main topics
3026:Paatenemheb
3016:Nakhtpaaten
2825:Tutankhamun
2749:Kom el-Nana
1486:15 February
1342:Tutankhamun
1125:, Sir
991:One of the
929:, a French
827:monolatrism
699:Kom el-Nana
684:Nakhtpaaten
567:, like the
528:Tutankhamun
477:Kom el-Nana
303:the horizon
301:, meaning "
200:New Kingdom
148: /
124:Coordinates
118:Upper Egypt
3563:Categories
3478:Egyptology
3446:Technology
3409:Philosophy
3357:Literature
3249:Chronology
3123:Dakhamunzu
3036:Parennefer
2815:Smenkhkare
2708:Royal Wadi
2696:Necropolis
2653:North City
2219:References
2208:2021-12-02
2094:2008-10-01
2068:2008-10-01
2023:2008-10-01
1986:2008-10-01
1966:2008-10-01
1316:Barry Kemp
1296:Mutnodjmet
1165:Barry Kemp
1143:Mary Chubb
1019:diplomatic
956:Robert Hay
872:Amarna art
823:monotheism
729:See also:
609:North City
603:North City
502:hieroglyph
498:Royal Wadi
472:North City
427:Royal Wadi
387:Alabastron
338:Deir Mawas
314:Nile River
256:al-ʿAmārna
164:Settlement
136:30°53′47″E
133:27°38′43″N
3619:Akhenaten
3382:Mythology
3306:Geography
3296:Dynasties
3244:Astronomy
3067:Akhetaten
3060:Locations
3011:Mutbenret
3006:Meryre II
2996:Meryneith
2951:Officials
2922:Setepenre
2902:Meketaten
2897:Meritaten
2864:Nefertiti
2810:Akhenaten
2754:Maru-Aten
2150:Nefertiti
1940:1 October
1853:4 October
1792:4 October
1741:1939-828X
1432:1 October
1396:1 October
1367:Akhenaten
1346:Nefertiti
1338:Akhenaten
1326:Magazines
1300:Nefertiti
1288:Nefertiti
1242:July 2022
1202:Fictional
1104:Nefertiti
1073:cuneiform
981:Denkmäler
895:formalism
764:Meketaten
719:Meritaten
713:'s queen
711:Akhenaten
707:Maru-Aten
703:sun-shade
557:Meritaten
553:Nefertiti
462:Maru-Aten
404:Geography
395:On Stones
359:The name
349:Roman era
299:Akhetaton
295:Akhetaten
287:his death
283:Akhenaten
276:Akhetaten
250:romanized
178:Akhenaten
18:El Amarna
3518:Category
3439:District
3434:Capitals
3419:Religion
3402:Titulary
3392:Pharaohs
3372:Military
3367:Medicine
3350:Hieratic
3340:Language
3266:Clothing
3220:Obelisks
3051:Thutmose
3031:Panehesy
2890:Children
2803:Pharaohs
2249:17997212
2017:Archived
1934:Archived
1847:Archived
1821:Archived
1786:Archived
1626:Archived
1455:Archived
1390:Archived
1358:Akhnaten
1197:In media
1191:cemetery
1150:Egyptian
1112:Thutmose
1023:Akkadian
968:Prussian
935:Napoleon
692:Thutmose
688:Panehesy
654:and the
590:lunettes
586:oblation
565:electrum
536:Horemheb
521:mudbrick
482:Stelae H
452:Stelae U
322:al-Minya
261:Egyptian
245:العمارنة
100:Location
39:العمارنة
3538:Outline
3528:Commons
3488:Museums
3424:Scribes
3414:Pottery
3345:Demotic
3335:History
3286:Cuisine
3215:Revival
3118:Atenism
1594:26 July
1570:26 July
1533:26 July
1508:26 July
1228:Please
1077:faience
1069:sondage
1035:of the
843:Taweret
506:horizon
399:Ptolemy
305:of the
280:Pharaoh
252::
192:Periods
184:Founded
174:Builder
169:History
3569:Amarna
3387:People
3254:Cities
3172:topics
3072:Karnak
3046:Ramose
3041:Penthu
3001:Meryre
2961:Aperel
2948:Nobles
2600:Thebes
2582:Thebes
2528:Amarna
2439:Amarna
2436:about
2346:
2268:
2247:
2237:
2181:
2156:
2116:
1827:9 June
1739:
1632:6 June
1561:
1461:6 June
1137:, and
1025:, the
1006:sebakh
931:Jesuit
889:London
752:Berlin
541:stelae
397:) and
361:Amarna
334:Thebes
241:Arabic
208:Amarna
114:Region
31:Amarna
3451:Trade
3429:Sites
3377:Music
3291:Dance
3225:Pylon
3187:Index
3096:Other
2732:Other
2550:Media
1725:(4).
1373:Notes
1352:Opera
1344:, or
771:Tombs
532:Luxor
391:Pliny
330:Luxor
326:Cairo
318:Minya
108:Egypt
3397:List
3316:List
3259:List
3113:Aten
3082:KV62
3077:KV55
2986:Maia
2981:Mahu
2971:Huya
2869:Kiya
2859:Tiye
2646:City
2344:ISBN
2266:ISBN
2245:OCLC
2235:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2114:ISBN
1942:2008
1855:2008
1829:2007
1794:2008
1737:ISSN
1634:2007
1596:2016
1572:2016
1559:ISBN
1535:2016
1510:2016
1488:2018
1463:2007
1434:2008
1398:2008
966:The
906:Aten
851:Shed
849:and
847:Isis
835:Kemp
799:Yuya
715:Kiya
569:Aten
517:Aten
504:for
376:tell
370:, a
355:Name
307:Aten
161:Type
53:The
3232:Art
2991:May
2976:Ipy
2966:Bek
2881:Tey
1727:doi
1723:117
1314:by
1290:by
937:'s
839:Bes
378:.)
309:".
297:or
226:ɑːr
3565::
2830:Ay
2515:.
2243:.
2201:.
2086:.
1995:^
1932:.
1921:^
1871:;
1845:.
1819:.
1784:.
1735:.
1721:.
1717:.
1696:^
1684:^
1672:^
1660:^
1613:^
1479:.
1442:^
1406:^
1388:.
1340:,
1322:.
1141:.
1133:,
1129:,
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773:.
750:,
627:.
351:.
247:,
243::
239:;
198:,
106:,
3162:e
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2631:e
2624:t
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2536::
2500:.
2492:.
2485:.
2479:.
2370:.
2352:.
2274:.
2251:.
2211:.
2187:.
2162:.
2122:.
2097:.
2071:.
2026:.
1989:.
1969:.
1944:.
1915:.
1857:.
1831:.
1796:.
1743:.
1729::
1636:.
1598:.
1574:.
1537:.
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1490:.
1465:.
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1249:(
1244:)
1240:(
1236:.
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232:ə
229:n
223:m
220:ˈ
217:ə
214:/
210:(
20:)
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