1609:, Berggrav initially appealed to Norwegian Christians to "refrain from any interference" and to refuse to "mix themselves up in the war by sabotage or in any other way." After King Haakon was forced to leave for England after 62 days of fighting, with his king's approval, Berggrav became the leader of the Administrative Council which tried to govern his occupied homeland. However, it became increasingly clear that the occupying Nazi powers would not honor their promises to allow Norwegians
2263:
48:
369:
1628:. When the Nazis ordered the Church of Norway to alter its liturgical practices, Bishop Berggrav refused to comply. Matters grew even more serious in January 1942 when the Nazis wound down their occupation government and allowed Quisling (head of a party with only 1% popular support) to try again. On 1 February 1942, a group of Quisling sympathizers invaded
1664:
at an isolated location in the forests north of Oslo, allowed to see no one but his guards. Almost all of the priests of the Church of Norway resigned in protest against the Nazi tyranny, as did teachers a few months later when faced with
Quisling's proposal to force Norwegian children to join an
2178:
1711:. Berggrav founded an association focused on Norway's local history, Romerike Historielag, in 1920, and continued to contribute pieces long after he relinquished the helm upon becoming bishop. Berggrav also led the Norwegian Bible Society (
1639:
Shortly after Easter, 1942, Berggrav was arrested, and
Quisling tried to get him indicted, which provoked further public uproar. Along with four other members of the Christian Council, Berggrav was initially imprisoned in the
329:(like his father before him) was an educator and parish priest, who when Eivind was 22 became for a short time Norway's National Minister of Education and Church Affairs in a coalition government before returning to his
1575:
the following year first brought
Berggrav international attention. Except technically during his house arrest during 1942-1945 as discussed below, Berggrav continued to lead the Norwegian faithful until 1951.
1680:
to meet with the
Norwegian underground. Because his face was well known, the bishop often wore disguises, such as a policeman's uniform or thick glasses and a fake mustache. In its Christmas 1944 edition,
2224:
777:
1625:
1567:. He dedicated a number of new chapels as he served the largely rural diocese until 1937. In that year, although younger than many other candidates, Berggrav was selected bishop for the
1617:, a Norwegian priest's son who had a military career before becoming a Nazi sympathizer (and whom King Haakon refused to appoint as prime minister after the 1940 Nazi invasion).
2554:
1555:, and he continued to study for his doctorate in theology at the University. In the three years after he received it in 1924, Rev. Berggrav also served as chaplain of
1723:
Berggrav married
Kathrine Seip (1883–1949), the daughter of pastor Jens Laurits Arup Seip (1852–1913). They remained married until her death in 1949. Their son
1601:
In the years immediately before the war, Bergrrav worked with then Crown Prince Olav and others to try to mediate between
Germany and England. Shocked by the
1522:, which Berggrav continued to do intermittently for decades, until his death. During World War I Berggrav filed some stories as a war correspondent for the
2564:
811:
2584:
2569:
1613:
nor preserve their structures of government. On 25 September, the Nazis dissolved the
Administrative Council, in favor of another established by
2579:
2400:
523:
1632:
and by the end of the day refused the
Cathedral's Dean Kjellbu entry to conduct services. Thousands of Norwegians gathered outside to sing "
802:
2574:
2001:
1503:. He changed his surname to that of his paternal grandmother's family: to Jensen Berggrav in 1907 and a decade later to simply Berggrav.
619:
2539:
2544:
1763:
892:
2327:
2203:
2549:
1544:. Both social movements sought to incorporate the language spoken in eastern Norway into the national written language. (See
1465:
1094:
2299:
1591:
2039:
1669:. Since all the clergy of the Church of Norway were also civil servants at the time, this shunning of the orders of the
1571:, which although the first among equals, remains the highest position in Norway's national church. The funeral of Queen
2306:
727:
494:
2559:
2346:
2097:
2057:
1081:
2534:
2280:
2313:
1119:
591:
2284:
964:
829:
819:
757:
722:
559:
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1649:
762:
675:
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1560:
1114:
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1228:
989:
717:
389:
2112:
2048:
1641:
1545:
1396:
1351:
1099:
628:
506:
502:
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Fra Hans
Nielsen Hauge til Eivind Berggrav. Hovedlinjer i Norges kirkehistorie i det 19. og 20. århundre
1371:
1336:
949:
637:
455:
1777:) celebrating a century of Norwegian independence, Bishop Berggrav polled 19th (the winner being King
1073:
1038:
939:
341:. His wife, and Eivind's mother, was Marena Christine Pedersen (1846–1924). His sister's daughter was
2487:
1602:
1458:
1024:
824:
772:
742:
707:
550:
294:
39:
1727:
became an important civil servant and sports administrator. Berggrav died in Oslo and was buried in
1063:
2589:
2529:
1770:
1673:
sent a powerful message to
Norwegians that tyrants would not be obeyed - no matter what the price.
954:
912:
712:
2432:
1728:
2273:
1752:
1185:
1167:
999:
907:
177:
1506:
Upon graduating from the university in 1908, Jensen Berggrav taught school for a decade (at the
2130:
1356:
1200:
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852:
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306:
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In vain for Fred. Winter 1939-40. Attempts And Calls in the Nordic region, Berlin, and London
1190:
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747:
732:
650:
605:
2239:
2174:
1920:
1699:
Berggrav wrote many books, all in the Norwegian language, but some translated into English:
1584:
Berggrav achieved international renown for leading the Church of Norway's resistance to the
1248:
2524:
2519:
2442:
1661:
1451:
1366:
1341:
1138:
1109:
994:
857:
596:
352:
326:
1964:
His thesis title can be translated as "The Threshold of Religion". See Björn Ryman (ed.),
1381:
8:
1610:
1588:
1431:
1426:
1281:
695:
485:
1492:
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1271:
1208:
1104:
1043:
867:
642:
531:
248:
1223:
2093:
2053:
2043:
1741:
1709:
With God in the Darkness, and Other Papers Illustrating the Norwegian Church Conflict
1629:
1009:
737:
658:
610:
540:
514:
2491:
2414:
2404:
1859:
Forgjeves for Fred. Vinteren 1939-40. Forsok Og Samtaler I Norden, Berlin Og London
1657:
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465:
368:
338:
286:
61:
1238:
1157:
2460:
2117:
1683:
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1614:
1606:
1568:
1411:
1406:
1321:
1311:
1253:
1177:
1172:
1152:
1089:
1048:
974:
902:
877:
475:
334:
71:
35:
2424:
2501:
2470:
1748:
1676:
With his guards' implicit cooperation, Berggrav often secretly left his hut in
1653:
1541:
1346:
1326:
1286:
1218:
1162:
1133:
1053:
1004:
979:
934:
581:
564:
99:
2513:
2182:
2002:"Bishop of the Resistance: A Life of Eivind Berggrav, Bishop of Oslo, Norway"
1687:
magazine put Berggrav on its cover; he thus became one of the relatively few
1572:
1556:
1436:
1421:
1267:
1014:
897:
887:
767:
435:
430:
399:
342:
2372:
Johnson, Alex and Harriet L. Overholt Johnson . Kjell Jordheim, translator.
1068:
2381:
Bishop of the Resistance: A Life of Eivind Berggrav, Bishop of Oslo, Norway
2226:
God, Church, and Country: Berggrav's Leadership in the Norwegian Resistance
2023:
1724:
1666:
1595:
1524:
1416:
1291:
1243:
782:
460:
384:
298:
226:
2480:
2452:
2170:
2148:
1598:, even though he was under isolated house arrest during most of the war.
1559:
national prison in Oslo. In 1928 Berggrav was selected as bishop for the
1511:
1401:
1306:
1296:
1213:
1143:
1058:
959:
574:
394:
360:
236:
197:
89:
1898:
1740:
After World War II ended, Berggrav received Norway's highest medal, the
1688:
1128:
1124:
969:
944:
243:
187:
322:
1528:, Norway's largest newspaper. Berggrav also became involved with the
318:
302:
145:
2262:
1715:) from 1938 to 1955, even after his retirement as Norway's primate.
1564:
1515:
1507:
1484:
330:
293:), Berggrav became known for his unyielding resistance against the
279:
47:
1979:
1943:
882:
872:
1495:
beginning in 1903, and continued family tradition by becoming a
1778:
1636:", and the following day all seven Norwegian bishops resigned.
1585:
1552:
1496:
282:
276:
149:
1677:
445:
420:
1488:
301:. Berggrav also became an important figure in 20th-century
166:
2169:
1620:
A month later Berggrav led his six fellow bishops of the
2028:
The World Council of Churches New York, 4. November 1942
1624:, with ten leaders of other denominations, to form the
1518:
fylkesskole). He also started writing for the journal,
2555:
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
1551:
Berggrav eventually was called as a parish priest in
2287:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1966:
Nordic Folk Churches: A Contemporary Church History
337:, and, in the year before his death, bishop of the
2087:
1701:The Norwegian Church in Its International Setting
2511:
2052:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. pp. 38–39.
2367:Eivind Berggrav: Leader of Christian Resistance
1691:religious figures to have received this honor.
1605:on 9 April 1940, with its attempted capture of
1535:
1529:
2083:
2081:
1459:
524:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
333:parish. Rev. Jensen later became dean in the
2146:
1977:
1941:
1896:
1886:(Norsk biografisk leksikon (NBL)- archives)
2078:
1466:
1452:
275:(25 October 1884 – 14 January 1959) was a
46:
2347:Learn how and when to remove this message
2228:(Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)
1856:
1843:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1626:Christian Council for Joint Deliberation
305:movement and served as president of the
2565:Translators of the Bible into Norwegian
2113:"Religion: The Bishop and the Quisling"
1694:
1644:. Berggrav was saved from execution by
2585:Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
2570:Bredtveit concentration camp survivors
2512:
2374:Eivind Berggrav, God's Man of Suspense
2037:
1764:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
291:Preses i Bispemøtet i Den norske kirke
2285:adding citations to reliable sources
2256:
1734:
1660:. Instead, the bishop was placed in
1579:
2383:( Concordia Publishing House, 2001)
317:Berggrav was born Eivind Jensen in
13:
2580:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
2575:20th-century Norwegian translators
2031:
495:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
14:
2601:
2394:
2376:(Augsburg Publishing House, 1960)
2025:The fight of the Norwegian Church
1785:
1766:remembers Berggrav on 14 January.
1512:Holmestrand offentlige lærerskole
345:, the pioneer press photographer
2540:Primates of the Church of Norway
2359:
2261:
2090:Top Secret Tales of World War II
1731:with a simple slab gravemarker.
1718:
541:Distinctive theological concepts
367:
2272:needs additional citations for
2240:"Store Norske: Eivind Berggrav"
2232:
2218:
2196:
2163:
2140:
2124:
2106:
40:Primate of the Church of Norway
2016:
1994:
1971:
1958:
1935:
1913:
1890:
1876:
965:John Christian Frederick Heyer
820:International Lutheran Council
1:
2545:20th-century Lutheran bishops
2179:"Dag Berggrav - embetsmannen"
1870:
1850:Marie Treschow: A Life Sketch
1846:Marie Treschow: En Livsskisse
312:
2550:Norwegian resistance members
1751:awarded Bishop Berggrav the
1665:organization modeled on the
1634:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
1229:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
990:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
7:
2092:. Wiley. pp. 138–139.
2088:Breuer, William B. (2000).
2049:Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45
1642:Bredtvet concentration camp
1546:Norwegian language conflict
629:Priesthood of all believers
10:
2606:
2131:"Norway's Bishop Berggrav"
1833:Es Sehnen sich die Kirchen
1372:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1337:Johannes Andreas Quenstedt
950:Johann Heinrich Callenberg
2498:
2485:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2149:"Det Norske Bibelselskap"
1603:German invasion of Norway
1478:
825:Lutheran World Federation
812:Global Confessional &
551:Theology of Martin Luther
295:Nazi occupation of Norway
266:
258:
254:
242:
232:
222:
203:
193:
183:
173:
156:
131:
126:
118:
110:
105:
95:
85:
77:
67:
57:
45:
34:
23:
16:Norwegian Lutheran bishop
2560:Protestant anti-fascists
2390:( Oslo: Gyldendal, 1968)
2379:Robertson, Edwin Hanton
2204:"Bishop Eivind Berggrav"
1899:"United Bible Societies"
1771:Norwegian of the Century
1537:Østlandsk ungdomsfylking
1534:political party and the
1493:University of Kristiania
1082:Johann Phillip Fabricius
955:Johann Phillip Fabricius
913:Confessional Lutheranism
814:Missional Lutheran Forum
803:Confessional Evangelical
620:Two states of the Church
390:Start of the Reformation
215:(died 1949)
2151:. Store norske leksikon
2038:Heiene, Gunnar (1995).
2022:Johan Ludwig Mowinckel
1982:. Store norske leksikon
1946:. Store norske leksikon
1901:. Store norske leksikon
1807:Kirkens ordning i Norge
1713:Det Norske Bibelselskap
1186:Norwegian Bible Society
1168:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
1074:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1000:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
940:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
178:Cemetery of Our Saviour
52:Eivind Berggrav in 1940
2401:Bishop Eivind Berggrav
2046:; et al. (eds.).
1811:Church Order in Norway
1536:
1530:
1357:August Hermann Francke
1201:Stanislovas Rapolionis
1196:Samuel Ludwik Zasadius
1064:Kristian Osvald Viderø
853:History of Lutheranism
321:and raised in Asak in
307:United Bible Societies
2535:Bishops of Hålogaland
1865:] (in Norwegian).
1852:] (in Norwegian).
1826:] (in Norwegian).
1813:] (in Norwegian).
1800:] (in Norwegian).
1729:Vår Frelsers Gravlund
1561:Diocese of Hålogaland
1491:at what was then the
1191:Swedish Bible Society
1115:Guðbrandur Þorláksson
908:High church Lutherans
835:Lutheranism by region
733:Anointing of the Sick
668:Other relevant topics
651:Theology of the Cross
413:Doctrine and theology
335:Diocese of Kristiania
273:Eivind Josef Berggrav
2443:Sigurd Johan Normann
2281:improve this article
2137:, December 25, 1944.
2121:. December 25, 1944.
1695:Author and publisher
1662:solitary confinement
1540:youth movement with
1367:Lars Levi Laestadius
1342:Johann Wilhelm Baier
1139:Nils Vibe Stockfleth
1110:Johannes Avetaranian
995:Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
773:Lutheran hymnwriters
285:. As primate of the
2175:Grydeland, Bjørn T.
1769:In a 2005 poll for
1611:freedom of religion
1432:Wolfhart Pannenberg
1427:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
1282:Johannes Bugenhagen
1120:Ludvig Olsen Fossum
805:Lutheran Conference
778:Normative principle
758:Liturgical calendar
486:Augsburg Confession
2044:Dahl, Hans Fredrik
2040:"Berggrav, Eivind"
1839:] (in German).
1837:The churches yearn
1760:Calendar of Saints
1650:Helmuth von Moltke
1531:Østlandsk reisning
1277:Philip Melanchthon
1272:Katharina von Bora
1249:Johann Ernst Glück
1209:Laurentius Andreae
1100:George Constantine
1044:Casiodoro de Reina
868:Lutheran orthodoxy
763:Calendar of saints
532:Formula of Concord
249:University of Oslo
25:The Right Reverend
2508:
2507:
2499:Succeeded by
2468:Succeeded by
2440:Succeeded by
2369:(SCM Press. 1949)
2357:
2356:
2349:
2331:
2296:"Eivind Berggrav"
2147:Hallgeir Elstad.
1980:"Eivind Berggrav"
1978:Hallgeir Elstad.
1968:(Eerdmans) p. 158
1944:"Kirke og Kultur"
1942:Hallgeir Elstad.
1921:"Eivind Berggrav"
1897:Reidar Aasgaard.
1742:Order of St. Olav
1735:Honors and legacy
1652:, members of the
1630:Nidaros Cathedral
1580:Resistance leader
1476:
1475:
1382:Søren Kierkegaard
1032:Bible Translators
1010:Paul Olaf Bodding
893:Finnish Awakening
683:
682:
659:Sacramental Union
638:Divine Providence
515:Smalcald Articles
270:
269:
262:1908 — 1951
259:Years active
2597:
2496:1937–1951
2492:Church of Norway
2478:Preceded by
2465:1937–1951
2450:Preceded by
2437:1928–1937
2422:Preceded by
2415:Church of Norway
2411:
2410:
2405:Folke Bernadotte
2352:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2289:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2181:(in Norwegian).
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2062:. Archived from
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1866:
1857:— (1960).
1853:
1844:— (1955).
1840:
1831:— (1953).
1827:
1820:Tider Og Tekster
1818:— (1947).
1814:
1805:— (1945).
1801:
1794:Spenningens Land
1792:— (1937).
1753:Medal of Freedom
1658:Schwarze Kapelle
1646:Theodor Steltzer
1622:Church of Norway
1539:
1533:
1501:Church of Norway
1468:
1461:
1454:
1392:Wilhelm Herrmann
1387:Albrecht Ritschl
1377:C. F. W. Walther
1362:Henry Muhlenberg
1332:Abraham Calovius
1317:Matthias Flacius
1302:Laurentius Petri
1239:Mikołaj Jakubica
1234:Antonio Brucioli
1148:Laurentius Petri
1025:Jens Christensen
1020:Christian Keyser
985:F. C. D. Wyneken
863:Gnesio-Lutherans
858:Crypto-Lutherans
466:Athanasian Creed
417:
416:
371:
348:
347:
339:Diocese of Hamar
287:Church of Norway
216:
163:
141:
139:
127:Personal details
62:Church of Norway
50:
21:
20:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2590:Lutheran saints
2530:Bishops of Oslo
2510:
2509:
2504:
2495:
2483:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2397:
2386:Molland, Einar
2362:
2353:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2290:
2288:
2278:
2266:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2129:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2086:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2066:on 24 July 2011
2060:
2036:
2032:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1891:
1884:Eivind Berggrav
1881:
1877:
1873:
1824:Times and Texts
1798:Land of Tension
1788:
1737:
1721:
1697:
1671:Quisling regime
1615:Vidkun Quisling
1607:King Haakon VII
1582:
1569:Diocese of Oslo
1510:folkehøgskole,
1483:Eivind studied
1481:
1472:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1412:Rudolf Bultmann
1407:Ernst Troeltsch
1397:F. W. Stellhorn
1322:Martin Chemnitz
1312:Mikael Agricola
1258:
1254:William F. Beck
1224:Jonas Bretkūnas
1182:
1178:Mikael Agricola
1173:Sebastian Krelj
1153:Martti Rautanen
1090:William Tyndale
1078:
1049:Kjell Magne Yri
1029:
975:Martti Rautanen
926:
918:
917:
878:Radical Pietism
848:
840:
839:
816:
813:
807:
804:
797:
789:
788:
787:
702:
701:
685:
684:
663:
647:
643:Marian theology
633:
624:
615:
601:
587:
569:
555:
535:
528:
519:
507:Large Catechism
499:
490:
476:Book of Concord
470:
456:Apostles' Creed
440:
414:
406:
405:
404:
379:
315:
218:
214:
210:
165:
161:
160:14 January 1959
152:
143:
142:25 October 1884
137:
135:
53:
38:
30:
29:Eivind Berggrav
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2506:
2505:
2502:Johannes Smemo
2500:
2497:
2484:
2479:
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2274:verification
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2171:Frisak, Nina
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2064:the original
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1292:Justus Jonas
1270: /
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1244:Matthias Bel
1146: /
1127: /
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385:Christianity
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299:World War II
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227:Dag Berggrav
194:Denomination
162:(1959-01-14)
119:Consecration
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2525:1959 deaths
2520:1884 births
2481:Johan Lunde
2453:Johan Lunde
2365:Godal, Odd
1402:Rudolf Otto
1307:Olaus Petri
1297:Hans Tausen
1261:Theologians
1214:Hans Tausen
1144:Olaus Petri
1095:John Rogers
1059:Aster Ganno
960:Paul Henkel
925:Key figures
888:Laestadians
738:Holy Orders
698:and worship
611:catholicity
592:Christology
575:Sola gratia
395:Reformation
361:Lutheranism
327:Otto Jensen
237:Cand.theol.
184:Nationality
90:Johan Lunde
86:Predecessor
2514:Categories
2459:Bishop of
2433:Hålogaland
2431:Bishop of
2307:newspapers
2188:30 January
1871:References
1747:President
1689:Protestant
1589:occupation
1129:Paul Egede
1125:Hans Egede
1069:Jákup Dahl
970:Karl Graul
945:Hans Egede
718:Confession
696:Sacraments
378:Background
313:Background
303:ecumenical
244:Alma mater
138:1884-10-25
111:Ordination
1592:of Norway
1563:based at
847:Movements
728:Matrimony
713:Eucharist
319:Stavanger
277:Norwegian
233:Education
188:Norwegian
146:Stavanger
96:Successor
81:1937–1951
78:In office
2242:. NRK.no
1923:. NRK.no
1516:Akershus
1508:Eidsvoll
1485:theology
883:Haugeans
873:Pietists
353:a series
351:Part of
331:Skjeberg
280:Lutheran
223:Children
198:Lutheran
169:, Norway
2490:of the
2417:titles
2321:scholar
2246:1 March
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2008:1 March
1986:1 March
1950:1 March
1927:1 March
1905:1 March
1762:of the
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2056:
1779:Olav V
1707:, and
1565:Tromsø
1553:Hurdal
1497:priest
1479:Career
748:Matins
446:Creeds
283:bishop
204:Spouse
174:Buried
150:Norway
106:Orders
58:Church
2403:with
2328:JSTOR
2314:books
2042:. In
1861:[
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1822:[
1809:[
1796:[
1678:Asker
421:Bible
211:
2461:Oslo
2300:news
2248:2017
2212:2017
2190:2009
2157:2017
2135:Time
2118:Time
2094:ISBN
2072:2009
2054:ISBN
2010:2017
1988:2017
1952:2017
1929:2017
1907:2017
1758:The
1684:Time
1656:and
1648:and
1586:Nazi
1573:Maud
1514:and
1489:Oslo
167:Oslo
157:Died
132:Born
122:1928
114:1908
72:Oslo
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1548:).
1487:in
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136:(
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