361:
44:
57:
1210:
356:
does best in an environment with a higher carbon to nitrogen ratio. This makes it well suited to compost pits high in fibrous materials commonly known as browns. European nightcrawlers can be invasive and should be used only in contained compost systems in parts of the world with northern deciduous
513:
Szederjesi, TĂmea; PavlĂÄŤek, Tomáš; Márton, Orsolya; KrĂzsik, Virág; Csuzdi, Csaba (9 February 2019). "Integrative taxonomic revision of
Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) sensu lato with description of a new species and resurrection of Dendrobaena succinta (Rosa, 1905) (Megadrili: Lumbricidae)".
248:
averaging about 1.5 g when fully grown. Generally blueish, pink-grey in color with a banded or striped appearance, the tips of their tails are often cream or pale yellow. When the species has not been feeding, it is pale pink. The species is usually found in deep woodland litter and garden
408:. Both worms may secrete cocoons that contain an egg each. These cocoons are lemon-shaped and are pale yellow at first, becoming more brownish as the worms inside become mature. These cocoons are clearly visible to the naked eye.
380:, has both male and female reproductive organs. In mating, the weaker partner is forced into the female role, which is more expensive in terms of biological reproduction costs, for a
559:
404:, the large, lighter-colored bands that contain the worms' reproductive organs, and are only prominent during the reproduction process. The two worms exchange
758:
1146:
939:
810:
577:
313:
360:
1081:
900:
732:
1120:
913:
784:
1251:
541:
1125:
918:
789:
479:
1275:
1055:
693:
17:
1151:
711:
1185:
944:
859:
815:
1073:
724:
1133:
797:
635:
1107:
1021:
1016:
993:
771:
672:
667:
644:
56:
1244:
1190:
864:
825:
560:"Eisenia fetida, or hortensis? Whats the difference? Red wigglers or European nightcrawlers? Part 1"
931:
1280:
1225:
763:
597:
1237:
1177:
998:
177:
851:
1270:
1042:
957:
649:
43:
8:
364:
Scanning electron micrograph of a newly hatched
European nightcrawler (Eisenia hortensis)
276:
203:
194:
51:
1172:
1029:
952:
846:
680:
270:
1034:
685:
523:
284:. Both are useful compost worms. The two species are probably not distinguished in
527:
1159:
984:
833:
285:
281:
101:
1138:
802:
1221:
1068:
891:
719:
706:
620:
348:
325:
254:
578:"Do Composting Worms Pose a Threat as Invasive Species? - Red Worm Composting"
1264:
1060:
698:
377:
1112:
776:
389:
309:
1164:
838:
1094:
1008:
926:
745:
659:
629:
154:
144:
134:
1086:
905:
737:
461:
124:
114:
1099:
750:
397:
245:
68:
591:
497:
978:
885:
614:
426:
401:
430:
1217:
317:
262:
88:
1047:
542:"Eisenia hortensis vs. Dendrobaena veneta | Red Worm Composting"
512:
393:
274:
until 2003. It is also formerly considered part of the similar
78:
405:
381:
250:
1209:
498:
Earthworms of
Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae).
385:
261:
is sold primarily as a bait worm, but its popularity as a
422:
Net reproduction of 0.8 eggs per adult per week occurs.
384:
is generally less massive and energy-demanding than an
480:"Red wiggler versus the european nightcrawler, Part 2"
1262:
338:refers to the Veneto region of northern Italy.
292:name is more common in North America while the
419:From egg to sexual maturity is about 20 weeks.
1245:
314:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
1252:
1238:
462:"Dendrobaena hortensis (Michaelsen, 1890)"
42:
359:
14:
1263:
456:
454:
596:
595:
1204:
1074:361d5167-35f1-4bbd-8246-86982b5b3985
826:37467651-b65e-44e0-8904-674652fcfc30
725:90d1dc4f-7a7a-43b2-94aa-66041f2b7180
451:
24:
324:("of the garden") is derived from
25:
1292:
440:embryo per egg per cocoon occurs.
308:is named after Swedish scientist
1208:
388:(egg cell), which is the female
55:
368:
296:name is more common in Europe.
570:
552:
534:
506:
490:
472:
357:and boreal forest ecosystems.
13:
1:
528:10.1080/00222933.2019.1593537
496:Csuzdi, C., Zicsi, A., 2003.
444:
1224:. You can help Knowledge by
299:
7:
334:The other specific epithet
280:, but now just part of the
10:
1297:
1203:
516:Journal of Natural History
400:organisms. Two worms join
268:It was considered part of
1276:Animals described in 1890
968:
875:
604:
582:www.redwormcomposting.com
546:www.redwormcomposting.com
209:
202:
183:
176:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
341:
257:in European countries.
1220:-related article is a
365:
999:Dendrobaena_hortensis
970:Dendrobaena hortensis
363:
241:Dendrobaena hortensis
236:European nightcrawler
187:Dendrobaena hortensis
36:Dendrobaena hortensis
1069:Fauna Europaea (new)
720:Fauna Europaea (new)
265:worm is increasing.
244:) is a medium-small
486:. 16 December 2010.
312:. According to the
650:Dendrobaena_veneta
636:Dendrobaena veneta
606:Dendrobaena veneta
566:. 3 December 2010.
366:
331:meaning "garden".
288:. In general, the
277:Dendrobaena veneta
218:Dendrobaena veneta
27:Species of annelid
1233:
1232:
1201:
1200:
1173:Open Tree of Life
953:Open Tree of Life
877:Eisenia hortensis
847:Open Tree of Life
598:Taxon identifiers
304:The former genus
253:that are rich in
232:
231:
222:
213:Eisenia hortensis
169:D. hortensis
18:Eisenia hortensis
16:(Redirected from
1288:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1212:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1139:NHMSYS0020500973
1129:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
1002:
1001:
989:
988:
987:
961:
960:
948:
947:
935:
934:
922:
921:
909:
908:
896:
895:
894:
868:
867:
855:
854:
842:
841:
829:
828:
819:
818:
806:
805:
803:NHMSYS0020500965
793:
792:
780:
779:
767:
766:
754:
753:
741:
740:
728:
727:
715:
714:
702:
701:
689:
688:
676:
675:
663:
662:
653:
652:
640:
639:
638:
625:
624:
623:
593:
592:
586:
585:
574:
568:
567:
556:
550:
549:
538:
532:
531:
522:(5–6): 301–314.
510:
504:
494:
488:
487:
476:
470:
469:
458:
220:
189:
60:
59:
46:
32:
31:
21:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1160:Observation.org
1158:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1005:
997:
992:
983:
982:
977:
964:
956:
951:
943:
938:
930:
925:
917:
912:
904:
899:
890:
889:
884:
871:
863:
858:
850:
845:
837:
834:Observation.org
832:
824:
822:
814:
809:
801:
796:
788:
783:
775:
770:
762:
757:
749:
744:
736:
731:
723:
718:
710:
705:
697:
692:
684:
679:
671:
666:
658:
656:
648:
643:
634:
633:
628:
619:
618:
613:
600:
590:
589:
576:
575:
571:
558:
557:
553:
540:
539:
535:
511:
507:
501:Pedozool. Hung.
495:
491:
478:
477:
473:
460:
459:
452:
447:
371:
344:
302:
286:vermicomposting
282:species complex
198:
191:
185:
172:
102:Pleistoannelida
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1003:
990:
974:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
949:
936:
923:
910:
897:
881:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
856:
843:
830:
820:
807:
794:
781:
768:
755:
742:
729:
716:
707:Fauna Europaea
703:
690:
677:
664:
654:
641:
626:
610:
608:
602:
601:
588:
587:
569:
551:
533:
505:
489:
471:
449:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
434:
425:Egg cells are
423:
420:
416:
415:
413:
370:
367:
349:Eisenia fetida
343:
340:
301:
298:
255:organic matter
230:
229:
228:
227:
215:
207:
206:
200:
199:
192:
181:
180:
174:
173:
166:
164:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1293:
1282:
1281:Annelid stubs
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
980:
976:
975:
973:
971:
967:
959:
954:
950:
946:
941:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
902:
898:
893:
887:
883:
882:
880:
878:
874:
866:
861:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
821:
817:
812:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
726:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:
655:
651:
646:
642:
637:
631:
627:
622:
616:
612:
611:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
583:
579:
573:
565:
561:
555:
547:
543:
537:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
502:
499:
493:
485:
481:
475:
467:
463:
457:
455:
450:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:hermaphrodite
375:
362:
358:
355:
351:
350:
339:
337:
332:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
272:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
226:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
208:
205:
201:
196:
190:
188:
182:
179:
178:Binomial name
175:
171:
170:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1226:expanding it
1215:
969:
876:
605:
581:
572:
564:wormsetc.com
563:
554:
545:
536:
519:
515:
508:
500:
492:
484:wormsetc.com
483:
474:
466:www.gbif.org
465:
438:E. hortensis
437:
390:reproductive
374:D. hortensis
373:
372:
369:Reproduction
354:D. hortensis
353:
347:
346:Compared to
345:
335:
333:
328:
321:
310:Gustav Eisen
305:
303:
293:
290:E. hortensis
289:
275:
269:
267:
259:D. hortensis
258:
240:
239:
235:
233:
224:
221:(Rosa, 1886)
217:
212:
186:
184:
168:
167:
155:
108:
95:
35:
29:
1271:Lumbricidae
1095:iNaturalist
927:NatureServe
746:iNaturalist
630:Wikispecies
398:anisogamous
156:Dendrobaena
145:Lumbricidae
135:Opisthopora
1265:Categories
445:References
427:oviposited
412:Statistics
382:sperm cell
263:composting
195:Michaelsen
125:Clitellata
115:Sedentaria
985:Q10468866
932:2.1028539
503:1, 1–272.
322:hortensis
300:Etymology
294:D. veneta
246:earthworm
225:hortensis
163:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1006:BioLib:
979:Wikidata
892:Q3701190
886:Wikidata
764:10416539
657:BioLib:
621:Q5146662
615:Wikidata
402:clitella
318:specific
204:Synonyms
141:Family:
89:Annelida
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
1218:annelid
1191:1425373
1178:5723612
1152:1302596
1087:7725323
1048:3126877
906:8041190
865:1073853
738:5739805
376:, as a
306:Eisenia
271:Eisenia
197:, 1890)
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
1165:199417
1126:975972
1113:113826
1100:484208
1061:223794
1022:888786
945:265212
919:979798
852:854788
839:199418
823:NZOR:
816:332521
790:976025
777:113827
751:484184
712:178480
699:223828
673:127196
431:cocoon
394:gamete
392:cell (
336:veneta
329:hortus
316:, the
1216:This
1186:WoRMS
1056:EUNIS
1035:84ZK6
1009:84063
958:28484
860:WoRMS
759:IRMNG
694:EUNIS
686:84ZKD
660:84067
429:in a
406:sperm
396:) in
342:Usage
326:Latin
320:name
251:soils
223:var.
109:Clade
96:Clade
1222:stub
1147:NCBI
1121:ITIS
1082:GBIF
1017:BOLD
940:NCBI
914:ITIS
901:GBIF
811:NCBI
785:ITIS
733:GBIF
668:BOLD
436:One
386:ovum
234:The
1134:NBN
1108:ISC
1043:EoL
1030:CoL
994:AFD
798:NBN
772:ISC
681:CoL
645:AFD
524:doi
1267::
1188::
1175::
1162::
1149::
1136::
1123::
1110::
1097::
1084::
1071::
1058::
1045::
1032::
1019::
996::
981::
955::
942::
929::
916::
903::
888::
862::
849::
836::
813::
800::
787::
774::
761::
748::
735::
722::
709::
696::
683::
670::
647::
632::
617::
580:.
562:.
544:.
520:53
518:.
482:.
464:.
453:^
352:,
111::
98::
1253:e
1246:t
1239:v
1228:.
584:.
548:.
530:.
526::
468:.
433:.
238:(
193:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_taken_with_a_scanning_electron_microscope.jpg)