Educational equity

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provision of education was racially unequal by design and resources were lavished on schools serving white students while schools serving the black majority were systematically deprived of qualified teachers, physical resources and teaching aids such as textbook and stationery. A study evaluated progress towards racial equity after end of apartheid using three distinct concepts: equal treatment, equal educational opportunity, and educational adequacy. The authors find that the country has succeeded in establishing racial equity defined as equal treatment, primarily through race-blind policies for allocating state funds for schools. Progress measured by the other two criteria, however, has been constrained by the legacy of apartheid, including poor facilities and lack of human capacity in schools serving black students, and by policies such as school fees.

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provided a research example on cooperative learning to illustrate how attention to only one status group oversimplifies the analysis of student behavior in school. From findings of studies integrating race and class, and race and gender, the study argues that attending only to race, in this example, oversimplifies behavior analysis and may help perpetuate gender and class biases. To determine to what extent race, social class, and gender are integrated in the education literature, the study examined a sample of literature published over a ten-year period and 30 articles focused primarily on race, or on school issues related directly to race, such as desegregation.

469:"Looking at recently-published UN statistics on gender inequality in education, one observes that the overall picture has improved dramatically over the last decade, but progress has not been even (see chart). Although the developing world on average looks likely to hit the UN's gender-inequality target, many parts of Africa are lagging behind. While progress is being made in sub-Saharan Africa in primary education, gender inequality is in fact widening among older children. The ratio of girls enrolled in primary school rose from 85 to 93 per 100 boys between 1999 and 2010, whereas it fell from 83 to 82 and from 67 to 63 at the secondary and tertiary levels." 248:

privileged families have more economic, personal, and social resources available than socially disadvantaged families. Differences in family resources result in differences in the learning environments experienced by children. Children with various social backgrounds experience different home learning environments, attend different early childhood facilities, schools, school-related facilities, and recreational facilities, and have different peer groups. Due to these differences in learning environments, children with various social backgrounds carry out different learning activities and develop different learning prerequisites.

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education authorities (LEAs) surveyed between the summer of 2003 and the spring of 2005. The survey focused on schools and LEAs that were involved effectively in race equality in education. Four areas were examined by inspectors: improving standards and achievement amongst groups of pupils, with reference to the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 (RRAA); the incorporation of race equality concepts into the curriculum in schools; the handling and reporting of race-related incidents in schools; the work of schools and LEAs in improving links with local minority ethnic communities.

485:. It is argued that without such balance the output of the educational system will be compromised through a resource emphasis on excellence since this implies lower resources for issues grounded in social justice. In this context, the tension between the excellence and equity implies a compromise between aiming for conventional notions of excellence and creating maximum opportunities for social justice and inclusion. Some reject the need to balance excellence and equity. Excellence and equity is sometimes used to invoke the notion of equity in education. 593:

by valid scholarly research. For example, differential outcomes between groups and individuals often occur as a function of biology/psychology and not social background; appropriate 'equitable' resource apportionment would therefore appear to require a clear distinction between where differential performance is caused by social background and where it is caused by biological/psychological factors. The extensive literature on the subject of equity typically does make such a distinction.

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education is when every student receives the resources needed to acquire the basic work skills of reading, writing, and simple arithmetic. It measures educational success in society by its outcome, not the resources poured into it" and "Equity means offering individualized support to students that addresses possible barriers, like poverty or limited transportation".

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second language, and when foundations target scholarships to students from poor families, they operationalize a belief in equity of access as fairness and as justice". Equity recognizes this uneven playing field and aims to take extra measures by giving those in need more than those who are not. Equity aims to achieve equal outcomes for groups, also called

386:. It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits." The '4A' framework on the Right to Education encompasses availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability as fundamental to the institution of education. Girls in many underdeveloped countries are denied secondary education, countries such as 502:

This report presents the key recommendations of the OECD publication Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools (2012a), which maps out policy levers that can help build high quality and equitable education systems, with a particular focus on North American and Asia-Pacific countries.

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If equity is taken as non-banal, its usage most consistently refers to apportioning resources to students according to social and developmental need in order to alleviate the otherwise differential educational outcomes which occur as a consequence of such need. However, the notion is not underpinned

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A broad range of factors contributes to the emergence of socioeconomic achievement gaps. The interaction of different aspects of socialization is outlined in the model of mediating mechanisms between social background and learning outcomes. The model describes a multi-step mediation process. Socially

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Within the tracked systems, the kind of differentiation matters as well for educational equity. Differentiation of schools could be organized externally or internally. External differentiation means that tracks are separated in different schools. Certain schools follow a certain track, which prepares

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and growth in the future. Above all, female education can increase output levels and allow countries to attain sustainable development. Equity in education of women also reduces the possibilities of trafficking and exploitation of women. UNESCO also refers gender equity as a major factor that allows

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Carol D. Lee described the rationale for a special theme issue, "Reconceptualizing Race and Ethnicity in Educational Research." The rationale includes the historical and contemporary ways that cultural differences have been positioned in educational research and the need for more nuanced and complex

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Asia-Pacific Region: Globalization of the economy, increasingly diverse and interconnected populations, and rapid technological change are posing new and demanding challenges to individuals and societies alike. School systems are rethinking the knowledge and skills students need for success, and the

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The struggle for equality of access to formal education and equality of excellent educational outcomes is part of the history of education in this country and is tied up with the economic, political, social history of the peoples who are part of it. From the beginning of this nation, there were many

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by class leave lower-income students in lower-quality schools. For higher-quality schooling, students in low-income areas would have to take public transport which they cannot pay for. Fewer than 30 percent of students in the bottom quarter of incomes even enroll in a four-year school and among that

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followed a survey called "Gender Discrimination in Violation of Rights of Women and Girls" states that one tenth of girls in primary school are 'unhappy' and this number increases to one fifth by the time they reach secondary schools with stated reasons including harassment, limitations to freedom,

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The organization of the tracking systems themselves is also important for its effect on educational equity. For both differentiation systems, a higher number of tracks and a smaller number of students per track is granting more educational equity. In addition, the effects of tracking are less rigid

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and children with certain backgrounds are structurally put on lower tracks. Students can be viewed and treated differently depending on their track, generating unequal achievement levels and restricting access to higher tracks and higher education. The quality of teaching and curricula vary between

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for all subgroups in society. Equity proponents believe that some are at a larger disadvantage than others and aims to compensate for this to ensure that everyone can attain the same lifestyle. Examples of this are: "When libraries offer literacy programs, when schools offer courses in English as a

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Global Cities Network Symposium, Hong Kong, May 10–12, 2012. Asia Society organized the Global Cities Education Network, a network of urban school systems in North America and Asia to focus on challenges and opportunities for improvement common to them, and to virtually all city education systems.

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The notion of equity in education is poorly defined and ambiguous. Definitions are often so broad as to be meaningless, and often conflict in meaning. For example; "Educational equity means that each child receives what they need to develop to their full academic and social potential", "Equity in

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Community Level Obstacles: This category primarily relates to the bias displayed for education external to the school environment. This includes restraints due to poverty and child labour, socio-economic constraints, lack of parental involvement and community participation. Harmful practices like

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Education literature tends to treat race, social class, and gender as separate issues. A review of a sample of education literature from four academic journals, spanning ten years, sought to determine how much these status groups were integrated. The study found little integration. The study then

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defines equality as "access to channels of communication and sources of information that is made available on even terms to all". On this definition, no one has an unfair advantage. Everyone has equal opportunities and accessibility and is then free to do what they please. This is not to say that

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Higher education plays a vital role in preparing students for the employment market and active citizenship both nationally and internationally. By embedding race equality in teaching and learning, institutions can ensure that they acknowledge the experiences and values of all students, including

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South Africa: A major task of South Africa's new government in 1994 was to promote racial equity in the state education system. During the apartheid era, which began when the National Party won control of Parliament in 1948 and ended with a negotiated settlement more than four decades later, the

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in other countries is also a major issue. In countries where continued migration causes an issue, the ever-changing social structure of different races makes it difficult to propose a long-term solution to educational equity. On the other hand, many countries with consistent levels of diversity

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prep classes, impressive summer programs, and so on. Parents generally feel more comfortable intervening on behalf of their children to acquire better grades or more qualified teachers (Levitsky). Parents of a higher SES are more willing to donate large sums of money to a certain institution to

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Education equality on countries that are members of the OECD. The numbers correspond to the average difference of points in the results of the PISA test 2012 of a student from a high socio-economic level and a student from a low socio-economic level in their respective country. A higher number

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in November 2005. This report is based on visits by Her Majesty.s Inspectors (HMIs) and additional inspectors to 12 LEAs and 50 schools in England between summer term 2003 to spring term 2005. This report illustrates good practice on race equality in education in a sample of schools and local

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and that an academic system that practices educational equity is thus a strong foundation for a fair and thriving society. But inequity in education is hard to avoid because of inequities in socioeconomic standing, race, gender, and disability. Educational equity also operates in a historical

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education. This form is less beneficial for educational equity than internal differentiation or course-by-course tracking. Internal tracking means that, within a single school, courses are instructed at different levels, which is a less rigid kind of tracking that allows for more mobility.

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barriers to the schooling and education of girls and racial, national origin, and language groups not from the dominant culture. Approaches and resources for achieving equality and equity in the public schooling of girls and ethnic, racial, and language minority groups are still evolving.

38:, which refers to a comprehensive standard that applies to everyone in a certain education system. These two factors are closely related and depend on each other for an educational system's success. Education equity can include the study of excellence and equity. 434:

School and Education System Level Obstacles: Lack of investment in quality education, inappropriate attitudes and behaviors, lack of female teachers as role models and lack of gender-friendly school environment are all factors that promote gender inequity in

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minority ethnic and international students. Universities Scotland first published the Race Equality Toolkit: learning and teaching in 2006 in response to strong demand from the universities in Scotland for guidance on meeting their statutory obligations.

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The extraordinarily high cost of the many prestigious high schools and universities in the United States makes an attempt at a "level playing field" for all students not so level. High-achieving low-income students do not have the means to attend

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and have a smaller impact on equity if the students are located in tracks when they are older. The earlier the students undergo educational selection, the less mobile they are to develop their abilities and the less they can benefit from

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Education is universally acknowledged as an essential human right because it highly impacts the socio-economic and cultural aspects of a country. Equity in education increases the work force of the nation, therefore increasing

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From a scientific point of view, humanity is a single species. Nevertheless, the term racial group is enshrined in legislation, and phrases such as race equality and race relations are in widespread official use. A report by

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US Department of Education: The Commission on Equity and Excellence in Education issued a seminal report in 2013, a blueprint for making the dream of equity, and a world-class education, for each and every American child a

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The long-term social and economic consequences of having little education are more tangible now than ever before. Those without the skills to participate socially and economically in society generate higher costs of

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that better prepare a student for later success. Because of this, low-income students do not even attempt to apply to the top-tier schools for which they are more than qualified. In addition, neighborhoods generally

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tracks and those on lower tracks may be disadvantaged with inferior resources, teachers, etc. In many cases, tracking stunts students who may develop the ability to excel past their original placement.

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Vossoughi, S., Hooper, P. K., & Escudé, M. (2016). Making through the lens of culture and power: Toward transformative visions for educational equity. Harvard Educational Review, 86(2), 206-232.

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Grade inflation attacks the very core of education, starts a vicious circle for the further corruption of educational integrity, and leads to our schools becoming mere diploma mills.

1725: 604:, particularly for students who are labelled as disadvantaged. While this might help students acquire a diploma, it does little to help them acquire skills needed for their careers. 3772: 1208:

Die Effekte von Schule auf Leistungsentwicklung und Leistungsunterschiede nach sozialer Herkunft. Eine Längsschnittstudie zu Ursachen von und Maßnahmen gegen Bildungsungleichheiten

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and within schools without regard to their race. This includes providing students with a full opportunity for participation in all educational programs regardless of their race.

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The educational system and its response to racial concerns in education vary from country to country. Below are some examples of countries that have to deal with racial

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has. So, while more students are getting a basic education and even attending universities, a dramatic divide is present and many people are still being left behind.

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and higher education have both been improved and expanded in the past 50 years, this has not translated to a more equal society in terms of academics. While the

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Van de Werfhorst, Herman; Mijs, Jonathan (2010). "Achievement inequality and the institutional structure of educational systems: A comparative perspective".

239: 1678: 576:. Challenges for minorities and migrants are often exacerbated as these groups statistically struggle more in terms of lower academic performance and lower 3776: 1173:"How schools affect equity in education: Teaching factors and extended day programs associated with average achievement and socioeconomic achievement gaps" 280:

discussed the racial, religious or cultural terminology used in the UK educational system. Racial equity in education means the assignment of students to

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better improve their child's chances of acceptance, along with other extravagant measures. This creates an unfair advantage and distinct class barrier.

222:(SES) are privileged with more opportunities than those of lower SES. Those who come from a higher SES can afford things like better tutors, rigorous 3516: 415:

women are overrepresented among university degree holders, for ages 25–34 the overrepresentation is around 20%. The college gender gap is worsening.

34:, which implies that factors specific to one's personal conditions should not interfere with the potential of academic success. The second factor is 310:, Shanghai-China, and Japan are examples of Asian education systems that have climbed the ladder to the top in both quality and equity indicators. 4861: 2366: 2311: 1548: 2091: 4829: 4704: 1732: 411:

Gender-based inequity in education occurs in developed countries. Gender equity in education refers to both male and female concerns. In

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The type of tracking has impact on the level of educational equity, which is especially determined by the degree in which the system is

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groups of students to receive education that suits their skills. Tracking can affect educational equity if the selection process is

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Chmielewski, Anna (2014). "An International Comparison of Achievement Inequality in Within- and Between-School Tracking Systems".

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Educational equity's growing importance is based on the premise that a person's level of education directly correlates with their

4754: 4105: 559: 1596: 3521: 2371: 1891: 4080: 277: 69: 68:. Equity aims to ensure that everyone's lifestyle is equal, even if that requires unequal distribution of access and goods. 4338: 2296: 2253: 2202: 306:

educational strategies and systems required for all children to achieve them. Within the Asia-Pacific region, for example,

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systems are selective measures to find students at different educational levels. They are created to increase education's

5217: 4644: 4268: 4125: 2479: 1789: 4694: 2348: 2053: 1875: 783: 5134: 5017: 4876: 1177: 922: 1307: 4709: 4604: 2071: 992:"Does Educational Tracking Affect Performance and Inequality? Differences-in‐Differences Evidence Across Countries" 457:, improves child health, increases life expectancy and increases standards of living. These are factors that allow 5196: 4759: 4577: 4475: 4288: 2775: 2541: 369:

Gender discrimination in education has been very evident and underlying problem in many countries, especially in

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Income has always played an important role in shaping academic success. Those who come from a family of a higher

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everyone is then inherently equal. Some people may choose to seize opportunities while others let them pass.

1906:"Excellence Through Equity: Five Principles of Courageous Leadership to Guide Achievement for Every Student" 4551: 4503: 4400: 4395: 4120: 4025: 2682: 1814: 658: 635: 488: 364: 198:

represents a more unequal education result whilst a smaller number indicates a more equal education result.

140: 115: 2043: 4962: 2966: 2520: 2515: 617: 613: 288: 5139: 4360: 3576: 3099: 2715: 2583: 2573: 2322: 1986: 1575:"The Right to Education - Education - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization" 423: 157: 1552: 5222: 4075: 4040: 3995: 3811: 3686: 3676: 3481: 3151: 3061: 3046: 2795: 2338: 1841: 1260: 840:(Report). Public Interest Law Clearing House and Human Rights Law Resource Centre Ltd. Archived from 1958: 1056:

Lynch, Kathleen; Baker, John (2005). "Equality in education: An equality of condition perspective".

5048: 4886: 4789: 4699: 4649: 4609: 4460: 3965: 3960: 3855: 3847: 3691: 3581: 3511: 3011: 2600: 2546: 2306: 2276: 111: 784:"Education inequalities at the school starting gate: Gaps, trends, and strategies to address them" 164:

schools, reach higher levels of equity in comparison to more differentiated, or tracked, systems.

4784: 4774: 4629: 4430: 4390: 4370: 4350: 4253: 4085: 4060: 3975: 3955: 3905: 3875: 3865: 3751: 3671: 3636: 3621: 3606: 3561: 3496: 3366: 3006: 2740: 2625: 2472: 2441: 2227: 1622: 858: 463: 263: 1704:"Gender Equality - Education - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization" 5111: 5056: 4856: 4769: 4684: 4659: 4541: 4365: 4171: 4050: 4045: 3925: 3626: 3373: 3056: 3051: 2690: 2660: 2655: 2640: 2615: 2556: 2551: 2291: 2237: 2232: 2217: 169: 81: 1525: 1333:"Equity In Elementary and Secondary Education: Race, Gender, and National Origin Issues: Home" 497:

Education Directorate with support from the Asia Society as a background report for the first

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Hallinan, Maureen (1991). "School Differences in Tracking Structures and Track Assignments".

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Equity and Excellence in Education: Towards Maximal Learning Opportunities for All Students

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Theoretical model of mediating mechanisms between social background and learning outcomes

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As increased immigration causes problems in educational equity for some countries, poor

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Equity and quality in education: supporting disadvantaged students and schools–from OECD

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where cultural and societal stigma continue to hinder growth and prosperity for women.

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has made great strides for women, other groups have not been as fortunate. Generally,

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Models of Secondary Education and Social Inequality: An International Comparison

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Equality of opportunity in education occurs when the chances only depend on

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Triventi, Moris; Kulic, Nevena; Skopek, Jan; Blossfeld, Hans Peter (2016).

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in education. Educational equity depends on two main factors. The first is

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OECD's Education GPS: a review of education policy analysis and statistics

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child marriage and predetermined gender roles are cultural hindrances.

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Branden, Kris Van den; Avermaet, Piet Van; Houtte, Mieke Van (2011).

1679:"Women More Likely to Graduate College, but Still Earn Less Than Men" 640: 193: 72:

in education strive to ensure equitable outcomes for their students.

1435:"Why We Need to Re-Think Race and Ethnicity in Educational Research" 1383:"Racial Equality in Education : How Far Has South Africa Come?" 477:

Excellence and equity in education should aim for a balance between

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Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling

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Eliminating Discrimination and Ensuring Substantive Equality

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face the highest of inequity when it comes to gender bias.

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context. History can shape outcomes in education systems.

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Measure of distributive justice and inclusion in education

1286:"Region X Equity Assistance Center - Education Northwest" 223: 2048:(25th Anniversary ed.). New Society. p. 144. 1892:"Equity & Excellence in Education Aims & Scope" 887:"Equality and Equity of Access: What's the Difference?" 341:

Race in education: an argument for integrative analysis

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Race equality in education - a survey report by England

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The local authorities in England gave a survey report

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Factors contributing to socioeconomic achievement gaps

1973:"What is Educational Equity, and Why Does It Matter?" 1865: 188: 2106: 1920:"Equity and Excellence in Education | McDaniel" 1100: 554: 160:. Less differentiated systems, such as standardized 1479:Grant, Carl A.; Sleeter, Christine E. (June 1986). 505: 332:

The equity and excellence commission - US education

1807: 976:. eduLIFE Lifelong Learning series. pp. 3–24. 1377: 1375: 1255: 1253: 687:"DEI: What does it mean and what is its purpose?" 5209: 881: 879: 712: 710: 708: 706: 704: 2367:List of standardized tests in the United States 2312:Principles and Standards for School Mathematics 1300: 989: 572:experience long-standing issues of integrating 563:out of school children as a result of migration 530: 5041: 4591: 1783:"EDUCATION FROM A GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE" 1518: 1400: 1372: 1347: 1325: 1278: 1250: 440:Impact of gender discrimination on the economy 2473: 2092: 943: 876: 701: 358: 270: 90:and do not depend on characteristics such as 5146:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1842:"Proficiency Is Not Enough - Education Week" 1478: 596:Very often, equity takes the form of simple 419:Causes of gender discrimination in education 1132: 2480: 2466: 2099: 2085: 1055: 910: 833:Cusack, Simone; Ball, Rachel (July 2009). 832: 741: 75: 1840:Tomlinson, Carol Ann (November 6, 2002). 1839: 1648:"CO3.1: Educational attainment by gender" 1205: 1190: 1077: 759: 684: 680: 678: 408:results in segregation between genders. 378:and less opportunities compared to boys. 4843: 1028: 990:Hanushek, Eric; Wößmann, Ludger (2006). 914:Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology 906: 904: 558: 472: 238: 192: 4218: 3446: 3435: 1676: 1228: 122: 5210: 2372:Standardized testing and public policy 1731:. Vsointernational.org. Archived from 937: 685:Alfonseca, Kiara (February 10, 2023). 675: 127: 49: 5040: 4842: 4590: 4217: 3838: 3837: 3445: 3434: 3136: 2499: 2461: 2080: 2038: 1408:"Ofsted - Race equality in education" 1170: 1166: 1164: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1024: 1022: 1020: 985: 983: 967: 965: 901: 807: 742:Younas, Muhammad; Noor, Uzma (2020). 735: 278:Association of Teachers and Lecturers 251: 2297:National Science Education Standards 2203:Developmentally appropriate practice 2008: 1623:"Teaching boys and girls separately" 1620: 1597:"Discrepancy in Secondary Education" 1549:"Gender Discrimination in Education" 1229:Deparle, Jason (December 22, 2012). 944:Paul de Vries (September 12, 2011), 744:"Teaching for Excellence and Equity" 5192: 1677:Bidwell, Allie (October 31, 2014). 1432: 349: 202: 151: 13: 2349:High school graduation examination 1161: 1121: 1031:Journal of Research on Adolescence 1017: 980: 962: 718:"Ten Steps to Equity in Education" 189:Socio-economic equity in education 14: 5234: 2065: 1621:Weil, Elizabeth (March 2, 2008). 1355:"Equity and Quality in Education" 1178:Studies in Educational Evaluation 1115:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102538 859:"Equity and Quality in Education" 748:Journal of International Students 555:Increased migration and diversity 453:, and . It reduces fertility and 267:group, fewer than half graduate. 5191: 5182: 5181: 5169: 4705:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4199: 4190: 4189: 3747:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3517:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3411: 2108:Standards-based education reform 1546: 1058:Theory and Research in Education 1011:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01076.x 506:Challenges in educational equity 337:analyses of ethnicity and race. 2032: 2009:Chin, Wai Wah (June 23, 2022). 2002: 1993: 1979: 1965: 1959:"Educational Equity Definition" 1951: 1926: 1912: 1898: 1884: 1859: 1833: 1775: 1750: 1726:"Gender Equality and Education" 1718: 1696: 1670: 1640: 1614: 1589: 1567: 1540: 1491:(2). Rer.sagepub.com: 195–211. 1472: 1426: 1410:. Ofsted.gov.uk. Archived from 1222: 1199: 1094: 1049: 4862:Federated States of Micronesia 4157:British Indian Ocean Territory 2302:National Skill Standards Board 2282:Certificate of Initial Mastery 1485:Review of Educational Research 851: 826: 801: 776: 649:Gender inequality in curricula 1: 2487: 1528:. Universities-scotland.ac.uk 1192:10.1016/j.stueduc.2024.101367 1135:American Journal of Education 669: 375:Global Campaign for Education 4830:United States Virgin Islands 2500: 1683:U.S. News & World Report 659:Sex differences in education 636:Discrimination of excellence 583: 531:Societal structure and costs 365:Sex differences in education 172:education, or for career or 116:American Library Association 7: 4592:Education in North America 1788:. Ungei.org. Archived from 1445:(5). Edr.sagepub.com: 3–5. 1210:. Waxmann. pp. 51–57. 618:United States Supreme Court 614:Brown v. Board of Education 607: 289:discrimination in education 10: 5239: 5218:Educational administration 5042:Education in South America 3137: 1706:. Unesco.org. May 10, 2013 1551:. Acei.org. Archived from 1103:Annual Review of Sociology 1043:10.1207/s15327795jra0103_4 602:reduced academic standards 362: 359:Gender equity in education 325:Race equality in education 271:Racial equity in education 139:. They allow more or less 79: 5163: 5120: 5047: 4953: 4930: 4849: 4805:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4723: 4597: 4570: 4522: 4484: 4226: 4185: 4144: 4104: 3846: 3760: 3735: 3454: 3441: 3430: 3406: 3360: 3326: 3285: 3267: 3228: 3210: 3176: 3152:Early childhood education 3145: 3132: 3082: 2912: 2859: 2681: 2534: 2506: 2495: 2380: 2357: 2339:Criterion-referenced test 2320: 2267: 2246: 2175: 2114: 1497:10.3102/00346543056002195 1451:10.3102/0013189X032005003 788:Economic Policy Institute 547:has not increased, while 168:students for academic or 54: 5013:Northern Mariana Islands 4825:Turks and Caicos Islands 3906:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3502:Central African Republic 2307:No Child Left Behind Act 2277:Adequate Yearly Progress 1288:. Educationnorthwest.org 1070:10.1177/1477878505053298 911:Yo Jackson, ed. (2006), 808:Kozol, Jonathan (1991). 481:and equity according to 4978:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4167:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2442:Traditional mathematics 2228:Outcome-based education 1870:. New York: Routledge. 1815:"Making room for girls" 1526:"Race Equality Toolkit" 1206:Nachbauer, Max (2023). 889:. Ala.org. May 29, 2007 761:10.32674/jis.v10i4.2758 464:sustainable development 76:Equality of opportunity 4755:British Virgin Islands 4269:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2292:National Reading Panel 2238:Small schools movement 2233:Problem-based learning 2218:Inquiry-based learning 1439:Educational Researcher 1433:Lee, Carol D. (2003). 1216:10.31244/9783830997320 564: 244: 199: 82:Educational inequality 70:Social justice leaders 4956:and other territories 4695:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3662:São Tomé and Príncipe 3522:Republic of the Congo 2437:Traditional education 2017:. Manhattan Institute 2011:"The Other Inflation" 1335:. Sitemaker.umich.edu 917:, Sage Publications, 645:Education for justice 620:case that determined 578:socio-economic status 562: 493:The report is by the 473:Excellence and equity 451:economic productivity 363:Further information: 242: 196: 4844:Education in Oceania 4220:Education in Europe 4081:United Arab Emirates 3448:Education in Africa 2671:Instructional design 2432:Tracking (education) 2344:Norm-referenced test 2334:Authentic assessment 1555:on November 29, 2014 1414:on November 29, 2014 999:The Economic Journal 406:Single-sex education 371:developing countries 220:socioeconomic status 123:Educational tracking 66:substantive equality 32:distributive justice 4710:Trinidad and Tobago 4605:Antigua and Barbuda 4485:States with limited 4108:limited recognition 3737:States with limited 3436:Education by region 3162:Secondary education 3074:Teaching philosophy 2977:Pedagogical pattern 2920:21st century skills 2899:Religious education 2542:Aims and objectives 2427:Standard algorithms 950:Blackwell Reference 946:"equal opportunity" 810:Savage Inequalities 549:economic inequality 483:Carol Ann Tomlinson 128:Tracking and equity 61:equality of outcome 50:Equity vs. equality 24:equity in education 5176:Schools portal 4645:Dominican Republic 3840:Education in Asia 3167:Tertiary education 3105:Learning resources 2596:Education sciences 2397:Direct instruction 2359:Standardized tests 2269:Learning standards 2259:Educational equity 2208:Discovery learning 2040:Gatto, John Taylor 1821:. November 5, 2013 1795:on August 25, 2019 1627:The New York Times 1236:The New York Times 812:. Broadway Books. 654:Right to education 565: 459:economic stability 380:Right to education 252:Costs of education 245: 200: 26:, is a measure of 20:Educational equity 5205: 5204: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5127:other territories 5036: 5035: 5028:Wallis and Futuna 4973:Clipperton Island 4931:Associated states 4838: 4837: 4727:other territories 4586: 4585: 4213: 4212: 4150:other territories 3833: 3832: 3764:other territories 3537:Equatorial Guinea 3426: 3425: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3157:Primary education 3128: 3127: 3017:Dialogic learning 2987:Teacher retention 2940:Critical thinking 2935:Class arrangement 2904:Special education 2579:Standardized test 2562:Course evaluation 2455: 2454: 2223:Open-space school 1939:. Asiasociety.org 541:feminist movement 259:selective schools 5230: 5223:Education reform 5195: 5194: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5147: 5135:Falkland Islands 5049:Sovereign states 5038: 5037: 5018:Pitcairn Islands 4988:French Polynesia 4968:Christmas Island 4897:Papua New Guinea 4877:Marshall Islands 4850:Sovereign states 4840: 4839: 4795:Saint Barthélemy 4725:Dependencies and 4598:Sovereign states 4588: 4587: 4523:Dependencies and 4227:Sovereign states 4215: 4214: 4203: 4193: 4192: 4162:Christmas Island 3848:Sovereign states 3835: 3834: 3825: 3824:(United Kingdom) 3820:Tristan da Cunha 3816:Ascension Island 3808: 3795: 3786: 3762:Dependencies and 3455:Sovereign states 3443: 3442: 3432: 3431: 3415: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3333:Higher education 3329: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3274:Secondary school 3270: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3148: 3147: 3134: 3133: 3062:Student-centered 3047:Phenomenon-based 3037:Peer instruction 3002:Blended learning 2925:Bloom's taxonomy 2889:Gifted education 2884:Education reform 2716:Computer science 2497: 2496: 2482: 2475: 2468: 2459: 2458: 2188:Block scheduling 2147:Maria Montessori 2101: 2094: 2087: 2078: 2077: 2060: 2059: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1938: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1794: 1787: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1762: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1738:on June 20, 2013 1737: 1730: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1652: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1601: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1387: 1379: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1265: 1257: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1171:Nachbauer, Max. 1168: 1159: 1158: 1130: 1119: 1118: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1081: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1026: 1015: 1014: 996: 987: 978: 977: 969: 960: 959: 958: 956: 941: 935: 934: 933: 931: 908: 899: 898: 896: 894: 883: 874: 873: 871: 869: 855: 849: 848: 847:on June 6, 2022. 846: 839: 830: 824: 823: 805: 799: 798: 796: 794: 780: 774: 773: 763: 754:(4): 1114–1116. 739: 733: 732: 730: 728: 722: 714: 699: 698: 696: 694: 682: 631:Female education 626:unconstitutional 455:infant mortality 350:Higher education 215: 214: 210: 203:Income and class 152:Tracking systems 22:, also known as 5238: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5170: 5168: 5151: 5145: 5128: 5126: 5116: 5043: 5032: 4955: 4949: 4932: 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