349:. Although, this system of quotas was not perfect as it resulted in “lower-middle-class Brahmins…without good education qualifications” from getting secure government jobs. In private colleges, these brahmins usually have to pay “high capitation fees’” in order to get a seat. The gender gap in education however was not as easy of a solution. Women’s marriage prospects were regarded as more important than their education until “the end of the twentieth century”. In the 20th century, even “Brahmin girlswere rarely educated beyond primary school”. The push for women’s education coincided with marriage prospects as more educated men wanted wives who were educated. This allowed for women to start going to secondary school, college, and higher education.
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of education that children who belong to agricultural families can acquire. One solution to this problem was the Noon Meal
Programme. This program was implemented in “rural areas of Tamil Nadu” in June 1982. This allowed students to get a “daily freenutritious meal of 400-odd calories”. The program was first given to children ages 2–10 years. It was extended to all “pre-primary and elementary schools in Tamil Nadu”. Not only did this program give an incentive for rural families to send their children to school, it reduced the dropout rates by 90% in July 1982. It also “increased enrollment in primary schools” by 70%.
315:. A watercolor painting called "Hindu school at Poona" depicts children studying. As seen in the picture, the school is confined within the agraharam and there are children of both genders. Children of other castes, sometimes, went to “government elementary schools in nearby villages”. People who were not Brahmin weren’t allowed inside the agraharam. This level of caste separation continued into colonial times. Educated people like scholar, teachers, and bureaucrats were Brahmins. Specifically, men who were Brahmin were more likely to be “literate in vernacular languages and sometimes
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aged 5–18 are higher for girls (35.3%) than boys (26.7%). Rural students endure hardship in accessing education. For instance, in the towns of
Dharmapuriand Arco, students often may need to walk anywhere from “3-6 km to reach a middle or highschool”. The disparaging statistics also cut along religion and caste. Notably, Christian children are less likely to drop out of school from ages 5–18, than Hindu children that are backwards and scheduled castes. In order to understand the cause for these disparities, one must explore the history of education in the state.
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evaluates students' progress by conducting three board examinations-one at the end of class 10 and the others at the end of class 11 & 12. The scores from the class 12 (combined with the class 11)board examinations are used by universities to determine eligibility and as a cut-off for admissions
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in 1841. This school was one of “the first attempts to disseminate
Western education in South India”. Schools like these allowed the Tamil Brahmins to rise from “lowly positions” to “Madras government service” and “deputy collector” and eventually become “the core of a new administrative elite”. The
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of two years each besides two years of pre-primary education. The entry age in class 1 is 5+. Pre-primary classes form age group 3 to 4. The higher secondary school certificate enables pupils to pursue studies either in universities or in colleges for higher education in general academic streams and
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One of the biggest populations that suffered and are still suffering from accessibility of education is the rural population in Tamil Nadu. Most of Tamil Nadu’s population (60%) survives on “low-productivity agriculture”. The wages from this type of work can be “very low”, which affects the quality
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Education in Tamil Nadu has been a challenge of access and relevancy. The state ranks 12th for literacy for men and 13th in literacy for women. These statistics appear satisfactory, the dropout rate of 21% is still of concern, although less than the national average. The dropout rates for children
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were far more prominent than the Tamil
Brahmins. The Deshatha’s were a “strong, tight knit group” and had “long experience with administration”. This group would eventually decline and in their space the Tamil Brahmin’s would take over. The first sign of this change was when the Maratha’s added
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The
Minister of Education, who is a member of the state legislature, is in overall charge of education in the state. The following Directorates implement those education aspects which are under the control of the School Education Department.
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is 80.33% in 2011, which is above the national average. A survey conducted by the
Industry body Assocham ranks Tamil Nadu top among Indian states with about 100% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in primary and upper primary education.
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After independence, there were efforts made to make education access more available to people of lower classes. The Madras state government created a 25% quota for “college places and government jobs”. This allowed people of
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Ron Ayres and
Manuela Torrijos Simon, "Education, Poverty and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu:Inequalities, opportunities and constraints," Review of Political Economy 15, no. 2 (2003): 215,
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Ron Ayres and
Manuela Torrijos Simon, "Education, Poverty and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu:Inequalities, opportunities and constraints," Review of Political Economy 15, no. 2 (2003): 214,
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Ron Ayres and
Manuela Torrijos Simon, "Education, Poverty and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu:Inequalities, opportunities and constraints," Review of Political Economy 15, no. 2 (2003): 217,
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Ron Ayres and
Manuela Torrijos Simon, "Education, Poverty and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu:Inequalities, opportunities and constraints," Review of Political Economy 15, no. 2 (2003): 219,
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 92, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 91, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 90, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 69, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 68, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 63, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 62, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 61, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan, Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2014), 36, accessed November 7, 2023, ProQuest Ebook Central.
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There were a total of 12,855,485 children enrolled across the state as of 2010, with 9,797,264 students in primary, 1,873,989 in secondary and 1,184,232 in higher secondary classrooms.
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Tamil Brahmins mostly went into sectors of medicine and engineering. Although, engineering prospects were low because the Public Works Department was hesitant about employing Indians.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, and A. Jayakumar. “Impact of Noon Meal Programme on Primary Education: An ExploratoryStudy in Tamil Nadu.” Economic and Political Weekly 27, no. 43/44 (1992): 2375.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, and A. Jayakumar. “Impact of Noon Meal Programme on Primary Education: An ExploratoryStudy in Tamil Nadu.” Economic and Political Weekly 27, no. 43/44 (1992): 2372.
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are common medium languages. Most private schools' medium of instruction is English, while the schools run by the Government are primarily Tamil medium.
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The structure of education in the state is based on the national level pattern with 12 years of schooling (10+2+3), consisting of eight years of
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courses and Research programmes. It also regulates the establishment of technical institutions including commerce institutions such as
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Public University or Government University. It is run by State Governments of Union of India or Government of Union of India
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341:(OBC) to get more seats. In 1980, the quota increased to 50% which had a special note about 18% of that 50% should be for
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R. Aruna, "'Learn Thoroughly': Primary Schooling in Tamil Nadu," Economic and Political Weekly 34, no. 18(1999), 1011
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State Board of School Examinations (Sec.) & Board of Higher Secondary Examinations, Tamil Nadu (SBSEBHSE)
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Tamil Nadu Anglo-Indian School Leaving Certificate for classes K - 10 and automatically rolled over to
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610:, 552 (in 2014) engineering colleges. and 1150 arts college, 2550 schools and 5000 hospitals.
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426:'s run by the Union Government of India have a dual medium of instruction: English and Hindi.
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children (of both genders) were taught "elementary education" by a tutor at home inside the
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https://www.vandaimages.com/2007BM6807-Hindu-school-at-Poona-by-William-Carpenter-Pune.html
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Carpenter, William. Hindu School at Poona. 1818. Victoria Albert Museum, London, England.
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State Board Of School Examinations (Sec.) & Board Of Higher Secondary Examinations
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Some of the schemes introduced by the Tamil Nadu government in school education are
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Department of Employment and Training (Commissionerate of Employment and Training)
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Department of Employment and Training (Commissionerate of Employment and Training)
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Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology
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All recognized schools belong to one of the following accreditation systems:
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Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women
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State Project Directorate, District Primary Education Programme and SSA
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National Programme of Education for Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)
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State Project Directorate, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
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Exceptions to the above rule include a few schools that follow the
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English to their education. Another sign was the grand opening of
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The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University
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ITI Certificate (Industrial Training Institute) - Regulated by
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B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology
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323:. At the turn of the 19th century, the Maratha Deshastha and
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Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies
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Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
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Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy
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List of Tamil Nadu Government's Educational Institutions
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Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology
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Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology
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Directorate of Teacher Education, Research and Training
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St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research
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List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu
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List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu
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Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
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Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya
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Tamil Nadu Directorate Of Technical Education (TNDTE)
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Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences
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Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
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Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development
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for classes K - 10 and automatically rolled over to
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Tamil Nadu Physical Education and Sports University
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Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University
378:, established in 1910, is under the purview of the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1348:Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research
1308:Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research
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1373:Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
1333:Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education
1328:Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science
1323:Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute
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667:Two types of universities in Tamil Nadu are,
511:Directorate of Non-formal and Adult Education
145:Department of School Education (Tamil Nadu),
1343:Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
1260:The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
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591:and National Council for Vocational Training
1318:Chettinad Academy of Research and Education
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554:Integrated Education for the Disabled (IED)
147:Department of Higher Education (Tamil Nadu)
1250:The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University
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663:, the oldest engineering school of India
548:Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)
275:All India Council for Technical Education
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1353:Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education
1235:Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University
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398:
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1368:SRM Institute of Science and Technology
674:Private University or Deemed University
557:Kasturba Gandhi Ballka Vidyalaya (KGBV)
376:Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education
371:Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education
365:Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education
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1423:Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation
727:Tamil Nadu Higher Education Department
616:Tamil Nadu Higher Education Department
504:Directorate of Government Examinations
261:Tamil Nadu School Education Department
257:Tamil Nadu Higher Education Department
233:is one of the most literate states in
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508:Directorate of Matriculation Schools
440:Central Board of Secondary Education
270:University Grants Commission (India)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:Education system in Tamilnadu, India
1089:Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha
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500:Directorate of Elementary Education
392:State Common Board School Education
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226:District level literacy (2011 data)
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1441:Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University
1220:Tamil Nadu National Law University
1210:Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
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1195:Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
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537:Government of Tamil Nadu's scheme
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1200:Mother Teresa Women's University
1142:Central University of Tamil Nadu
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529:Tamil Nadu Text-book Corporation
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1413:Vellore Institute of Technology
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517:Directorate of School Education
514:Directorate of Public Libraries
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34:needs additional citations for
1403:The Gandhigram Rural Institute
1313:Chennai Mathematical Institute
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661:College of Engineering, Guindy
571:Distribution of free textbooks
568:Educational satellite (EDUSAT)
1:
732:
722:Tamilnadu government colleges
577:Distribution of free bus pass
574:Distribution of free uniforms
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781:10.1080/0953825032000064896
765:10.1080/0953825032000064896
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481:International Baccalaureate
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1433:State private universities
1293:Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
1225:Tamil Nadu Open University
1190:Madurai Kamaraj University
1147:Indian Maritime University
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526:Teachers Recruitment Board
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321:Maratha Kingdom of Tanjore
300:and professional courses.
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58:"Education in Tamil Nadu"
1467:institutions by district
1265:Thiruvalluvar University
1185:Bharathidasan University
1099:IITD&M, Kancheepuram
487:or the American system.
454:- for all years of study
448:- for all years of study
442:- for all years of study
384:Government of Tamil Nadu
139:Government of Tamil Nadu
1616:Education in Tamil Nadu
1071:Education in Tamil Nadu
997:"List of School Boards"
395:into their programmes.
380:Department of Education
339:Other Backwards Classes
307:In pre-colonial times,
124:Education in Tamil Nadu
1114:Kalakshetra Foundation
1026:"Government Directory"
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471:for classes 11 and 12.
469:Tamil Nadu State Board
464:for classes 11 and 12.
462:Tamil Nadu State Board
452:Tamil Nadu State Board
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1456:Shiv Nadar University
1180:Bharathiar University
1008:Ministry of Education
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399:Medium of instruction
252:Tamil Nadu Government
225:
1270:University of Madras
1175:Annamalai University
1134:Central universities
1094:IIIT Tiruchirappalli
1004:www.education.gov.in
692:Education in Chennai
458:Matriculation System
289:elementary education
43:improve this article
1465:List of educational
1446:Jeppiaar University
1165:Alagappa University
1119:NIT Tiruchirappalli
1104:IIM Tiruchirappalli
1081:National Importance
1012:Government of India
712:Education in Kerala
561:Mid-day Meal Scheme
293:Secondary education
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1205:Periyar University
1157:State universities
697:Education in India
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545:Computer education
424:Kendriya Vidyalaya
330:Madras High School
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477:Montessori method
266:Union Government
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184:Enrollment (2010)
162:Primary languages
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1597:India portal
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1245:Tamil University
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596:Higher education
418:Peculiar Cases:
347:Scheduled Tribes
343:Scheduled Castes
283:School education
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628:Post Graduate
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582:ITI Education
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431:Accreditation
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239:literacy rate
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
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1579:Virudhunagar
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646:Universities
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491:Directorates
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1559:Tirunelveli
1549:Thoothukudi
1529:Pudukkottai
1504:Krishnagiri
1499:Kanyakumari
640:Accountancy
632:Typewriting
618:deals with
176:System type
1574:Viluppuram
1539:Sivagangai
1524:Perambalur
1489:Dharmapuri
1479:Coimbatore
1109:IIT Madras
733:References
708:(SBSEBHSE)
706:Tamil Nadu
687:Tamil Nadu
357:Enrollment
231:Tamil Nadu
69:newspapers
1564:Tiruvarur
1544:Thanjavur
1484:Cuddalore
636:Shorthand
313:agraharam
298:technical
205:Secondary
99:July 2020
1610:Category
1519:Nilgiris
1514:Namakkal
681:See also
403:Common:
317:Sanskrit
192:12855485
1569:Vellore
1509:Madurai
1474:Chennai
984:4399067
964:4399067
620:Diploma
412:English
309:Brahmin
216:1184232
208:1873989
200:9797264
197:Primary
170:English
83:scholar
982:
962:
624:Degree
410:&
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1534:Salem
1494:Erode
1000:(PDF)
980:JSTOR
960:JSTOR
485:IGCSE
408:Tamil
235:India
189:Total
179:state
166:Tamil
90:JSTOR
76:books
638:and
422:The
345:and
62:news
937:doi
921:doi
777:doi
761:doi
296:in
45:by
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106:(
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80:·
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39:.
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