70:
204:. He graduated in 1908, and returned to Riga to become a teacher. Pulpe moved to France in 1912 with the dual aims of furthering his education and learning to fly. After obtaining his civilian pilot's brevet no. 1571 on 19 December 1913, he volunteered for the French air service at the outbreak of war, despite being 34 years old. He furthered his training with the
175:
credited with five aerial victories. He was a schoolteacher engaged in post-graduate study in France when World War I broke out. As he already held a civil pilot's license, he volunteered to serve in French military aviation. His 1915 aerial victories were among the first ever recorded. After running
313:
and his gunner to begin Böhme's victory string. Witnesses on the ground watched Pulpe fight three German fighters for almost an hour before the
Russian ace's bullet-riddled aircraft fell spinning to 1,000 feet altitude, recovering briefly, then plunging to earth because its left
643:
Above the War Fronts: The
British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of
333:. An unmailed letter in Pulpe's effects read: "...I have only one desire—that is the victory over our everlasting enemy. I will die like anyone else. My thoughts will always be about you, my Motherland, Russia and my cradle, Latvia."
180:(Fighter Aviation Detachment). After becoming an ace on 1 July 1916, he was killed in action a month later. On 2 August 1916, Eduard Pulpe ultimately lost a nearly hour-long air battle against three enemy aircraft.
205:
87:
780:
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31:
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One of Pulpe's squadronmates spoke these few words over his grave: "Pulpe was brave, modest as well as courageous, hiding his exploits rather than boasting about them."
755:
293:
This was also the month Pulpe transferred home to Russia. On 30 April 1916, the French
Aeronautic Mission to Russia gathered in Lyons; Pulpe was included. Once in
349:
322:
near
Rogistche. The dying ace, when pulled from the wreckage, could only gasp, "Water". Then he expired from the bullet through the left side of his back.
280:
As ground combat escalated into the Battle of Verdun during
February 1916, the corresponding aviation activity became intense. Pulpe, newly promoted to
765:
284:, scored a third victory on 20 March 1916. Eleven days later, he brought down another German. In April 1916, he was promoted yet again, to
261:
seemed to have been awarded for completing a bombing run while under attack from an enemy fighter. In the meantime, on 20 September,
257:
on 29 October 1915. The citation for the latter referred to "air combats", though with no specific mention of his two victories. The
775:
345:
693:
Under the Guns of the Kaiser's Aces: Bohme, Muller, Von
Tutschek and Wolff: The Complete Record of Their Victories and Victims.
309:. Using a Nieuport 11, he shot down an enemy plane on 1 July 1916 to become an ace. On 2 August, Pulpe fell under the guns of
745:
708:
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200:. Although his earlier education is unknown, he was one of the few that gained entry to college in Russia, attending the
700:
677:
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750:
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237:. When the squadron left the Somme in August 1915, it bounced around a bit before being assigned to the building
635:
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Fourth Class was awarded posthumously to Pulpe, as well as a French award of a palm for his previously awarded
302:
131:
93:
760:
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his score to four, he managed to return home to Russia in May 1916. He was assigned to the 10th
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over Verdun were among some of the first aerial victories in history. He was awarded both the
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8:
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234:
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290:. It was during this time that he was dubbed "the pilot with a volcano in his heart".
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was stationed in
Champagne when he joined it; shortly thereafter, it moved to the
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was ruined. The impact imbedded the aero engine in the earth on the banks of the
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247:
214:
158:
510:
197:
75:
310:
729:
665:
628:
The
Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft and World War I.
219:
188:
Eduard
Martynovich Pulpe was born into a farming family on 22 June 1880, at
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241:. Though little information survives, Pulpe's two victories while flying a
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Weaponry used on this occasion was probably a French army carbine
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Both victories scored in same combat versus 8 enemy aircraft
355:
Confirmed victories are numbered and listed chronologically.
189:
43:
781:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
350:
List of World War I flying aces from the
Russian Empire
771:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
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582:
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171:(22 June 1880 – 2 August 1916) was a World War I
756:Russian military personnel killed in World War I
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593:
577:
626:Allen Durkota; Thomas Darcey; Victor Kulikov.
539:
537:
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641:Norman Franks; Russell Guest; Gregory Alegi.
210:, being granted military license number 602.
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265:began re-equipping with a melange of early
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346:Aerial victory standards of World War I
196:; at that time, Latvia was part of the
766:Imperial Russian Air Service personnel
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549:
543:The Aerodrome website's page on Pulpe
301:(Fighter Aviation Detachment) of the
13:
485:Combat against three enemy planes
459:Combat against three enemy planes
348:for French victory standards, and
14:
792:
714:
620:
574:Durkota et al 1995, pp. 174-177.
223:on 1 May 1915. His promotion to
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29:
776:Russian World War I flying aces
299:Aviatsionniy Otryad Istrebitlei
178:Aviatsionniy Otryad Istrebitlei
136:Aviatsionniy Otryad Istrebitlei
607:
229:came through on the 21st. The
16:Latvian flying ace (1880–1916)
1:
670:Nieuport Aces of World War I.
630:Flying Machines Press, 1995.
138:(Fighter Aviation Detachment)
746:Military personnel from Riga
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303:Imperial Russian Air Service
297:he was assigned to the 10th
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132:Imperial Russian Air Service
94:Imperial Russian Air Service
7:
721:Profile at theaerodrome.com
691:Norman Franks; Hal Giblin.
613:Durkota et al 1995, p. 475.
590:Franks, Giblin 2003, p. 10.
546:Retrieved on 6 August 2013.
357:
10:
797:
456:North of Maucourt, France
213:Pulpe was posted to fly a
672:Osprey Publishing, 2000.
352:for list of Russian aces
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526:Citations and references
340:List of aerial victories
169:Eduard Martynovich Pulpe
23:Eduard Martynovich Pulpe
751:Aerial warfare pioneers
207:Aéronautique Militaire
122:Aéronautique Militaire
89:Aéronautique Militaire
646:. Grub Street, 1997.
100:Years of service
59:Vicinity of Rogistche
202:University of Moscow
695:Grub Street, 2003.
604:Franks 2000, p. 83.
393:serial number 1890
327:Order of St. George
148:Order of St. George
153:Medaille militaire
709:978-1-904010-02-9
686:978-1-85532-961-4
660:978-1-898697-56-5
523:
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420:Morane-Saulnier L
391:Morane-Saulnier L
254:Medaille Militare
243:Morane-Saulnier L
165:
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788:
761:Latvian aviators
638:, 9780963711021.
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605:
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473:German aircraft
450:German aircraft
425:German aircraft
396:German aircraft
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239:Battle of Verdun
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431:Verdun, France
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331:Croix de guerre
287:Sous lieutenant
259:Croix de guerre
248:Croix de Guerre
215:Morane-Saulnier
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159:Croix de Guerre
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263:Escadrille 23
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493:1 July 1916
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275:Nieuport 12s
271:Nieuport 11s
267:Nieuport 10s
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41:22 June 1880
741:1916 deaths
736:1880 births
497:Nieuport 11
311:Erwin Böhme
167:Lieutenant
730:Categories
636:0963711024
480:Consenvoye
476:Destroyed
453:Destroyed
428:Destroyed
399:Destroyed
364:Date/time
320:Styr River
231:escadrille
173:flying ace
150:; French:
112:Lieutenant
64:Allegiance
482:, France
470:Nieuport
422:s/n 1890
405:, France
376:Location
367:Aircraft
344:See also
184:Biography
146:Russian:
103:1914–1916
446:Nieuport
295:Murmansk
282:Adjutant
251:and the
226:Sergente
82:Service/
515:Ukraine
373:Result
316:aileron
307:Galicia
134:: 10th
707:
699:
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403:Verdun
379:Notes
273:, and
194:Latvia
143:Awards
84:branch
73:
48:Latvia
507:Kovel
416:1915
387:1915
235:Somme
705:ISBN
697:ISBN
682:ISBN
674:ISBN
656:ISBN
648:ISBN
632:ISBN
370:Foe
361:No.
325:The
217:for
190:Riga
156:and
118:Unit
108:Rank
54:Died
44:Riga
38:Born
644:WWI
305:in
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703:,
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668:.
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509:,
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439:3
413:1
384:1
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92:;
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688:.
662:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
