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One of the most remarkable things about this book is that it was written, and published, in
English not Latin. "I am at the last contented that it should come forth in English," he wrote resignedly, "Not that I think it worthy either of my labour or the publique view, but to satisfy their importunity
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Gunter's quadrant is an instrument made of wood, brass or other substance, containing a kind of stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the equinoctial, the eye being supposed to be placed in one of the poles, so that the tropic, ecliptic, and horizon form the arcs of circles, but the
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Gunter's interest in geometry led him to develop a method of land surveying using triangulation. Linear measurements could be taken between topographical features such as corners of a field, and using triangulation the field or other area could be plotted on a plane, and its area calculated. A chain
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A rare Gunter quadrant, made by Henry Sutton and dated 1657, can be described as follows: It is a conveniently sized and high-performance instrument that has two pin-hole sights, and the plumb line is inserted at the vertex. The front side is designed as a Gunter quadrant and the rear side as a
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put up money to fund Oxford
University's first two science faculties, the chairs of astronomy and geometry. Gunter applied to become professor of geometry but Savile was famous for distrusting clever people, and Gunter's behaviour annoyed him intensely. As was his habit, Gunter arrived with his
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Gunter's scale or Gunter's rule, generally called the "Gunter" by seamen, is a large plane scale, usually 2 feet (610 mm) long by about 1½ inches broad (40 mm), engraved with various scales, or lines. On one side are placed the natural lines (as the line of chords, the line of
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trigonometric quadrant. The side with the astrolabe has hour lines, a calendar, zodiacs, star positions, astrolabe projections, and a vertical dial. The side with the geometric quadrants features several trigonometric functions, rules, a shadow quadrant, and the chorden line.
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and other instruments. He contrived his sector about the year 1606, and wrote a description of it in Latin, but it was more than sixteen years afterwards before he allowed the book to appear in
English. In 1620 he published his
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hour circles are other curves, drawn by means of several altitudes of the sun for some particular latitude every year. This instrument is used to find the hour of the day, the sun's
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who not understand the Latin yet were at the charge to buy the instrument." It was a manual not for cloistered university fellows but for sailors and surveyors in real world.
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gives a unit easily converted to area. Therefore, a parcel of 10 square chains gives 1 acre. The area of any parcel measured in chains will thereby be easily calculated.
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Mathematics, particularly the relationship between mathematics and the real world, was the one overriding interest throughout his life. In 1619,
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There is reason to believe that Gunter was the first to discover (in 1622 or 1625) that the magnetic needle does not retain the same
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refers to the logarithmically divided scale, like the most common scales used on slide rules for multiplication and division.
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The description and use of sector, the cross-staffe, and other instruments for such as are studious of mathematical practise.
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With Gunter's name are associated several useful inventions, descriptions of which are given in his treatises on the sector,
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247:, etc.), and on the other side the corresponding artificial or logarithmic ones. By means of this instrument questions in
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of Welsh descent. He is best remembered for his mathematical contributions, which include the invention of the
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66 feet (20 m) long, with intermediate measurements indicated, was chosen for the purpose, and is called
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Christopher Baker (2002). "Absolutism and the
Scientific Revolution, 1600–1720". Greenwood Publishing Group
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Trevor Homer (2012). "The Book of
Origins: The first of everything – from art to zoos". Hachette UK
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77:. He took orders, became a preacher in 1614, and in 1615 proceeded to the degree of bachelor in
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Wissenschaftliche
Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Band 2: Vom Compendium zum Einzelinstrument
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255:, etc., are solved with the aid of a pair of compasses. It is a predecessor of the
22:(1581 – 10 December 1626), was an English clergyman, mathematician,
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A sail rig which resembles a gaff rig, with the gaff nearly vertical, is called a
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In 1624 Gunter published a collection of his mathematical works. It was entitled
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171:, his friend and colleague, the use of the arithmetical complement (see Briggs
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Guy O. Stenstrom (1967), "Surveying Ready
Reference Manual", McGraw–Hill. p. 7
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482:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 729–730.
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Eli Maor (2013). "Trigonometric
Delights", Princeton University Press.
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The length of the chain chosen, 66 feet (20 m), being called a
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The
Description and Use of His Majesties Dials in Whitehall Garden
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contains a complete reconstruction of Gunter's book and table.
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505:"Who invented the calculus? – and other 17th century topics"
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He was shortly thereafter championed by the far wealthier
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English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer
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which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents.
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518:, 16 November 2005. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
514:, Professor Robin Wilson, lecture transcript,
645:People educated at Westminster School, London
151:in the same place at all times. By desire of
116:, London. This post he held till his death.
42:. In 1620, he invented the first successful
433:The Scientific Revolution: An Encyclopedia
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384:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:from its resemblance to a Gunter's rule.
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73:, and in 1599 he matriculated at
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650:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
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295:Gresham Professor of Astronomy
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510:28 September 2007 at the
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610:Gunter's Quadrant applet
599:University of St Andrews
569:. Cologne, 2010; p. 205.
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173:Arithmetica Logarithmica
57:and eventually became a
479:Encyclopædia Britannica
368:more precise citations.
320:http://locomat.loria.fr
300:History of geomagnetism
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155:he published in 1624
75:Christ Church, Oxford
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585:Robertson, Edmund F.
583:O'Connor, John J.;
106:Earl of Bridgewater
83:St. George's Church
542:"Gunter biography"
527:Linklater, Andro,
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630:1626 deaths
625:1581 births
565:Ralf Kern:
366:introducing
205:Cyclopaedia
149:declination
121:cross-staff
619:Categories
349:references
330:References
279:Gunter rig
273:Gunter rig
257:slide rule
249:navigation
38:, and the
28:astronomer
374:July 2019
318:The site
165:cotangent
110:astronomy
65:Biography
508:Archived
289:See also
241:tangents
129:quadrant
99:quadrant
79:divinity
51:mentored
24:geometer
551:21 July
467::
362:improve
220:azimuth
153:James I
49:He was
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351:, but
281:, or "
245:rhumbs
161:cosine
95:sector
34:, the
306:Notes
265:, or
237:sines
193:chain
553:2018
163:and
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26:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
