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Eddisbury hill fort

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318:". The settlement was concentrated on the eastern part of the fort's hill. During the second phase, the fort extended westwards, occupying the entire hill top, and the defences were enhanced through the addition of more ramparts and ditches. The enclosed area expanded from 5.5 acres (22,000 m) to 7 acres (28,000 m), and the defences covered 15.5 acres (63,000 m), 6 acres (24,000 m) more than previously. There are two theories about the expansion of the fort: either the growth westwards and the extended defences were completed at the same time or that they were separate events. If they happened at the same time it is likely to have been in the interest of making the site easier to defend. If they were separate, the ramparts may have been extended to incorporate an entrance at the western end of the site. The expansion phase dated to 1–50 AD. 252:. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist 266: 360: 31: 47: 322: 428: 298:, Eddisbury Hill, in common with all of the hill forts in Cheshire, sits on part of the central ridge that runs north–south through the county. Eddisbury hill fort follows the contours of its hill and measures 200 by 380 m (660 by 1,250 ft). It is surrounded by two ramparts with a ditch in between. The ditch is 10 m (33 ft) wide and 0.5 m (1.6 ft) deep. The inner bank lies between. 54: 256:
believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive
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but this has been queried. In the medieval and post-medieval period, the south-east part of the site was inhabited, at one point being used as a forester's lodge. The centre of the fort has been cultivated since at least the 19th century, still undergoes ploughing, and was used as a quarry.
334:) by the Romans. In the 4th–6th centuries AD, the hill fort was reoccupied and huts were built over the inner rampart. A later hut, dating from the 6th–8th centuries, has also been discovered. Eddisbury has been suggested as the site of an 215:. Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the seven hill forts in the county of Cheshire. It was constructed before 200–100 BC and expanded in 1–50 AD. In the 1st century AD, the Romans 277:, they are concentrated in the south of the country, with only seven in Cheshire. Eddisbury is the largest and most complex of the Cheshire hill forts. The forts form two geographical groups of three, with 390:
The site has been assessed as being "at high risk" due to ploughing on the site, causing erosion. Five of Cheshire's seven hill forts have been assessed as being "at high risk" compared to 15% of
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strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".
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activity at Eddisbury. Before 250 BC, a palisade was erected on Eddisbury Hill. The first hill fort was built in 200–100 BC. Eddisbury hill fort has two main
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was probably established at Eddisbury in 914. In the medieval and post-medieval periods quarrying and farming have damaged the site. Ownership is currently split between the
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in 1995, giving Eddisbury protection against unauthorised change. The eastern entrance was re-excavated by the Habitats and Hillforts Project in 2010, finds including
394:'s Scheduled Monuments. Although the western and northern parts of Eddisbury are owned by the Forestry Commission, the rest of the site is part of Old Pale Farm. 986: 375:, who also undertook excavations at Maiden Castle nearby, as part of his investigation into the origin of Cheshire's hill forts. The structure was made a 98: 294: 791: 2428: 764: 2438: 979: 451: 809: 797: 732: 703: 2433: 2113: 1568: 482: 605: 972: 46: 902: 853: 314:. In the first phase of activity, the site was defended by a single rampart and ditch; this type of hill fort is termed " 2443: 1653: 1230: 1035: 487: 532: 1185: 920: 1875: 1205: 2423: 1719: 672:"Hillfort gate-mechanisms: a contextual, architectural reassessment of Eddisbury, Hembury, and Cadbury hillforts" 2040: 1870: 2382: 446: 290: 274: 2387: 1917: 1839: 1511: 995: 91: 1755: 1994: 376: 231: 2190: 671: 2306: 2154: 2035: 368: 2241: 1159: 892: 325:
A revised chronology proposed by Pope et al identified four phases in the hillfort's development.
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The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England
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Varley, William Jones (1936), "Recent investigations into the origins of Cheshire hill-forts",
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on its own in the south of the county; Eddisbury hill fort is in the southern group with
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Varley, William Jones (1950), "Excavations of the castle ditch, Eddisbury, 1935–1938",
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Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the
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Forde-Johnston, James (1962), "The Iron Age Hillforts of Lancashire and Cheshire",
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Pope, Rachel; Mason, Richard; Hamilton, Derek; Rule, Eddie; Swogger, John (2020).
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the site. It was reoccupied in the 6th–8th centuries AD, and an
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Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
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Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
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Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
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In the late 1st century AD, the hill fort was destroyed (
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are fortified hill-top settlements constructed across
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Payne, Andrew; Corney, Mark; Cunliffe, Barry (2007),
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The earthworks of Eddisbury hill fort from the east
834:Eddisbury Hill: the reconstructed eastern entrance 763: 994: 623: 600: 2415: 877: 820: 657: 579: 558: 349:, and recorded in the Mercian Register in the 230:and a local farm. Eddisbury is protected as a 980: 786: 784: 782: 793:Archaeological management issues: Eddisbury 596: 594: 592: 590: 588: 53: 987: 973: 779: 452:Scheduled Monuments in Cheshire (pre-1066) 687: 534:Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds 910: 585: 519: 358: 320: 264: 2416: 949: 936: 913:English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle 704:"Post medieval quarrying at Eddisbury" 473: 471: 260: 16:Iron Age hillfort in Cheshire, England 968: 761: 610:Research records (formerly PastScape) 2429:Buildings and structures in Cheshire 2439:Former populated places in Cheshire 733:"Early Saxon activity at Eddisbury" 468: 273:Although there are over 1,300  13: 930: 488:National Heritage List for England 14: 2455: 508:Payne, Corney & Cunliffe 2007 363:The reconstructed eastern gateway 35:Eddisbury hill fort from the west 849:Archaeological management issues 634:"Iron Age hillfort at Eddisbury" 426: 52: 45: 29: 2434:Scheduled monuments in Cheshire 840: 826: 755: 725: 696: 663: 525: 1: 2036:Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury 1990:Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton 996:Iron Age hillforts in England 689:10.1080/00665983.2019.1711301 457: 447:List of hill forts in England 397: 237: 7: 2041:King's Castle, Wiveliscombe 419: 213:Britain during the Iron Age 143:15.5 acres (63,000 m) 10: 2460: 915:, London: B. 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Batsford, 911:Sharples, Niall M (1991), 377:Scheduled Ancient Monument 301: 241: 232:Scheduled Ancient Monument 2444:Iron Age sites in England 2340: 2199: 2183: 2132: 2106: 2070: 2049: 2028: 1995:Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn 1967: 1936: 1910: 1884: 1858: 1832: 1816: 1790: 1769: 1748: 1682: 1546: 1530: 1504: 1478: 1457: 1351: 1330: 1309: 1178: 1132: 1111: 1085: 1064: 1023: 1002: 737:Revealing Cheshire's Past 708:Revealing Cheshire's Past 638:Revealing Cheshire's Past 371:between 1935 and 1938 by 183: 179: 171: 163: 154: 150: 134: 129: 90: 82: 74: 69: 40: 28: 23: 250:first millennium BC 207:, in northern England. 138:7 acres (28,000 m) 61:Location within Cheshire 606:"Castle Ditch (71146)" 406:that is fought over in 2424:Hill forts in Cheshire 676:Archaeological Journal 364: 326: 270: 114:53.220214°N 2.670175°W 413:Warriors of the Storm 362: 352:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 324: 312:archaeological phases 306:There is evidence of 275:hill forts in England 268: 242:Further information: 2098:Kinver Edge Hillfort 1654:St. Catherine's Hill 897:, English Heritage, 762:Sharp, Tony (2013). 442:Hillforts in Britain 119:53.220214; -2.670175 2165:Thundersbarrow Hill 1639:Old Winchester Hill 821:Forde-Johnston 1962 800:on 25 February 2012 743:on 20 February 2012 714:on 20 February 2012 658:Forde-Johnston 1962 580:Forde-Johnston 1962 559:Forde-Johnston 1962 261:Location and layout 228:Forestry Commission 190:Eddisbury hill fort 110: /  75:Architectural style 70:General information 24:Eddisbury hill fort 1609:Hamble Common Camp 1531:Greater Manchester 1465:Hollingbury Castle 392:North West England 365: 327: 271: 205:Delamere, Cheshire 172:Reference no. 157:Scheduled monument 145:including defences 78:Iron Age hill fort 2411: 2410: 2287:Liddington Castle 2140:Chanctonbury Ring 1902:Rainsborough Camp 1761:Wilbury Hill Camp 1379:Chalbury Hillfort 1359:Abbotsbury Castle 1155:Kelsborrow Castle 1103:Desborough Castle 1077:Kings Weston Hill 1051:Perborough Castle 904:978-1-873592-85-4 856:on 29 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Hill 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1160:Maiden Castle 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1036:Caesar's Camp 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1010:Mowsbury Hill 1008: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 990: 985: 983: 978: 976: 971: 970: 967: 963: 957: 953: 948: 944: 940: 935: 934: 924: 922:0-7134-6083-0 918: 914: 909: 906: 900: 896: 895: 889: 885: 881: 876: 875: 870: 869: 855: 851: 850: 843: 835: 829: 823:, p. 26. 822: 817: 811: 799: 795: 794: 787: 785: 783: 766: 758: 742: 738: 734: 728: 713: 709: 705: 699: 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 666: 660:, p. 25. 659: 654: 639: 635: 629: 627: 611: 607: 603: 597: 595: 593: 591: 589: 582:, p. 23. 581: 576: 574: 572: 570: 568: 560: 555: 541:, 19 May 2008 540: 536: 535: 528: 521: 520:Sharples 1991 516: 509: 504: 490: 489: 484: 480: 474: 472: 467: 462: 461: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 435: 429: 424: 417: 415: 414: 409: 405: 395: 393: 388: 386: 383:stones and a 382: 378: 374: 370: 361: 357: 354: 353: 348: 344: 340: 337: 333: 323: 319: 317: 313: 309: 299: 296: 292: 289:. Located at 288: 284: 280: 279:Maiden Castle 276: 267: 258: 255: 251: 245: 235: 233: 229: 225: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 199: 195: 191: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 149: 137: 133: 128: 123: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 68: 48: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 2383:Hanbury Hill 2378:Gadbury Bank 2363:British Camp 2317:Sidbury Hill 2292:Membury Camp 2282:Knook Castle 2272:Fosbury Camp 2242:Castle Rings 2015:Old Oswestry 2005:Coxall Knoll 1980:Bury Ditches 1975:Bayston Hill 1918:Castle Knowe 1892:Borough Hill 1845:Holkham Camp 1782:Oldbury Camp 1777:Bigbury Camp 1756:Arbury Banks 1735:Sutton Walls 1715:Dinedor Camp 1710:Croft Ambrey 1700:British Camp 1695:Brandon Camp 1659:Tidbury Ring 1649:Quarley Hill 1589:Dunwood Camp 1470:Mount Caburn 1394:Dungeon Hill 1369:Banbury Hill 1317:Carrock Fell 1291:Treryn Dinas 1236:Kelly Rounds 1226:Dodman Point 1144: 1072:Clifton Camp 1056:Walbury Camp 1046:Membury Camp 1031:Bussock Camp 1015:Maiden Bower 1003:Bedfordshire 962: 955: 951: 942: 938: 912: 893: 883: 879: 871:Bibliography 860:25 September 858:, retrieved 854:the original 848: 842: 833: 828: 816: 804:25 September 802:, retrieved 798:the original 792: 771:25 September 769:. Retrieved 757: 747:26 September 745:. Retrieved 741:the original 736: 727: 718:25 September 716:, retrieved 712:the original 707: 698: 679: 675: 665: 653: 644:25 September 642:, retrieved 637: 615:25 September 613:. Retrieved 609: 554: 543:, retrieved 533: 527: 515: 510:, p. 1. 503: 492:, retrieved 486: 411: 401: 389: 385:saddle quern 373:W. J. Varley 366: 350: 328: 305: 272: 247: 194:Castle Ditch 193: 189: 188: 18: 2358:Bredon Hill 2353:Berry Mound 2191:Castle Hill 2170:The Trundle 2133:West Sussex 2093:Castle Ring 2000:Caus Castle 1937:Oxfordshire 1850:Warham Camp 1808:Warton Crag 1798:Castercliff 1740:Wapley Hill 1730:Poston Camp 1705:Capler Camp 1604:Gorley Hill 1574:Castle Hill 1512:Cleeve Hill 1491:Danish Camp 1458:East Sussex 1449:Woolsbarrow 1434:Pilsdon Pen 1322:Castle Crag 1256:Maen Castle 1241:Kelsey Head 1221:Chûn Castle 1216:Castle Goff 1211:Castle Dore 1191:Cadson Bury 1150:Helsby Hill 1119:Stonea Camp 336:Anglo-Saxon 221:Anglo-Saxon 117: / 92:Coordinates 2418:Categories 2252:Chiselbury 2083:Berth Hill 2078:Berry Ring 2020:The Wrekin 2010:Nordy Bank 1985:Bury Walls 1968:Shropshire 1791:Lancashire 1624:Ladle Hill 1619:Knoll Camp 1331:Derbyshire 1246:Lescudjack 1186:Black Head 682:(2): 457. 494:1 December 458:References 398:In fiction 316:univallate 308:Bronze Age 238:Background 209:Hill forts 164:Designated 102:53°13′13″N 2297:Old Sarum 2267:Cley Hill 2227:Bury Camp 2200:Wiltshire 2088:Bury Bank 2062:Wincobank 2057:Carl Wark 1866:Eston Nab 1803:Portfield 1599:The Frith 1564:Bury Hill 1547:Hampshire 1522:Uley Bury 1276:The Rumps 1271:Rame Head 1196:Caer Bran 1145:Eddisbury 1024:Berkshire 539:Channel 4 410:'s novel 369:excavated 343:Æthelflæd 244:Hill fort 201:hill fort 105:2°40′13″W 2373:Drakelow 2247:Chisbury 2029:Somerset 1674:Woolbury 1584:Danebury 1414:Hod Hill 1179:Cornwall 1133:Cheshire 420:See also 332:slighted 295:SJ553694 217:slighted 198:Iron Age 196:, is an 140:interior 1833:Norfolk 1343:Mam Tor 1338:Fin Cop 1310:Cumbria 1165:Oakmere 1140:Bradley 1065:Bristol 945:: 51–59 810:Alt URL 545:16 June 302:History 175:1013295 86:England 83:Country 2107:Surrey 1352:Dorset 958:: 1–68 919:  901:  886:: 9–46 1479:Essex 463:Notes 381:sling 203:near 1770:Kent 917:ISBN 899:ISBN 862:2018 806:2018 773:2018 749:2018 720:2018 646:2018 617:2018 547:2009 496:2012 404:burh 339:burh 285:and 224:burh 135:Size 956:102 684:doi 680:177 2420:: 954:, 943:51 941:, 884:72 882:, 781:^ 735:. 706:, 678:. 674:. 636:, 625:^ 608:. 604:. 587:^ 566:^ 537:, 485:, 481:, 470:^ 416:. 234:. 988:e 981:t 974:v 775:. 751:. 692:. 686:: 619:.

Index

Farmland sloping gently away and then rising towards a ridge. The remains of the hill fort, which sits on the ridge, is obscured by trees.
Eddisbury hill fort is located in Cheshire
Coordinates
53°13′13″N 2°40′13″W / 53.220214°N 2.670175°W / 53.220214; -2.670175
Scheduled monument
Iron Age
hill fort
Delamere, Cheshire
Hill forts
Britain during the Iron Age
slighted
Anglo-Saxon
burh
Forestry Commission
Scheduled Ancient Monument
Hill fort
first millennium BC
Barry Cunliffe
Grassy land sloping upwards, and at the horizon there are three uneven banks of earth covered in grass. A few trees break up the grassland.
hill forts in England
Maiden Castle
Kelsborrow Castle
Oakmere hill fort
grid reference
SJ553694
Bronze Age
archaeological phases
univallate

slighted

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