433:
229:
419:
19:
357:
322:
291:
260:
412:
381:
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315:
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222:
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121:
climate. Temperatures are highest on the west coast, with annual means of up to 30 °C (86 °F), while the high massifs have a cool climate, with a 5 °C (41 °F) annual mean locally. Geology features mainly
109:. Madagascar features very contrasting topography, climate, and geology. A mountain range on the east, rising to 2,876 m (9,436 ft) at its highest point, captures most rainfall brought in by
1069:
839:
616:
731:
Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick
Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas".
824:
984:
546:
844:
490:
436:
763:
274:
1105:
113:
from the Indian Ocean. Consequently, the eastern belt harbours most of the humid forests, while precipitation decreases to the west. The
570:
The seas around
Madagascar are part of the Western Indian Ocean province in the Western Indo-Pacific realm. They are divided into two
1100:
859:
899:
1009:
999:
804:
756:
629:
1095:
1014:
904:
305:
1074:
994:
959:
944:
884:
268:
635:
243:
208:
1049:
1024:
874:
869:
849:
819:
814:
799:
365:
1034:
1004:
989:
974:
964:
954:
919:
914:
864:
809:
784:
749:
1039:
979:
934:
894:
789:
440:
371:
340:
432:
1019:
969:
924:
909:
889:
879:
854:
794:
299:
237:
228:
1029:
939:
829:
198:
167:
330:
171:
212:
454:
areas with a distinctive assemblage of species. In
Madagascar, five ecoregions are distinguished:
67:
159:
558:
106:
1044:
949:
624:. World Wildlife Fund Ecoregion Assessments (2nd ed.). Washington D.C.: Island Press.
447:
396:
8:
163:
47:
43:
31:
76:
625:
571:
524:
418:
550:
127:
834:
520:
506:
502:
486:
478:
87:
477:
from the northern tip of
Madagascar to the Mahavavy du Sud River, including the
467:
includes the middle and upper catchments of
Madagascar's eastern coastal rivers.
356:
741:
542:
510:
498:
482:
474:
95:
715:
699:
1089:
532:
528:
321:
614:
123:
99:
80:
55:
683:
667:
651:
618:
Terrestrial
Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment
601:
Atlas of the
Vegetation of Madagascar/Atlas de la Végétation de Madagascar
290:
615:
Burgess, N.; D'Amico Hales, J.; Underwood, E.; et al., eds. (2004).
554:
494:
259:
138:
in the central and eastern plateaus, while the western part has belts of
114:
110:
72:
39:
35:
461:
includes the lower humid-climate coastal plain of eastern
Madagascar.
451:
402:
143:
139:
135:
118:
387:
411:
380:
349:
314:
283:
252:
221:
84:
51:
18:
541:
encompasses the southern drainages of
Madagascar, including the
147:
34:, include seven terrestrial, five freshwater, and two marine
131:
519:
encompasses the drier western river basins, including the
22:
Land cover (left) and topography (right) of
Madagascar.
1087:
771:
603:. Richmond, Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
166:for Madagascar. They range from the very humid
757:
735:Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
592:
42:'s diverse natural habitats harbour a rich
764:
750:
608:
598:
153:
431:
427:
17:
725:
1088:
150:formations), and unconsolidated sand.
745:
565:
83:islands, it has been classified by
13:
1106:Madagascar geography-related lists
720:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World
704:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World
688:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World
672:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World
656:Freshwater Ecoregions of the World
213:seasonal (monsoon) tropical forest
54:, but most ecoregions suffer from
14:
1117:
473:encompasses the westward-flowing
1070:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
840:Democratic Republic of the Congo
417:
410:
386:
379:
355:
348:
320:
313:
289:
282:
269:Madagascar dry deciduous forests
258:
251:
227:
220:
581:Western and Northern Madagascar
244:Tropical moist broadleaf forest
209:Tropical moist broadleaf forest
1101:Lists of ecoregions by country
709:
693:
677:
661:
645:
366:Madagascar succulent woodlands
117:region in the southwest has a
1:
585:
772:List of ecoregions in Africa
722:. Accessed 20 November 2022.
706:. Accessed 20 November 2022.
690:. Accessed 20 November 2022.
674:. Accessed 20 November 2022.
668:Madagascar Eastern Highlands
658:. Accessed 20 November 2022.
599:Moat, J.; Smith, P. (2007).
465:Madagascar Eastern Highlands
441:Ankarafantsika National Park
7:
652:Madagascar Eastern Lowlands
459:Madagascar Eastern Lowlands
300:Madagascar ericoid thickets
238:Madagascar subhumid forests
61:
10:
1122:
199:Madagascar lowland forests
130:basement rocks, with some
65:
1058:
777:
331:Madagascar spiny thickets
1096:Ecoregions of Madagascar
825:Central African Republic
336:Madagascar spiny forests
204:Madagascar humid forests
28:ecoregions of Madagascar
684:Northwestern Madagascar
471:Northwestern Madagascar
168:eastern lowland forests
79:. With its neighboring
68:Geography of Madagascar
444:
160:terrestrial ecoregions
154:Terrestrial ecoregions
23:
985:São Tomé and Príncipe
845:Republic of the Congo
559:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa
448:Freshwater ecoregions
435:
428:Freshwater ecoregions
107:Paleotropical Kingdom
103:Madagascan Subkingdom
21:
578:Southeast Madagascar
485:(Mahavavy du Nord),
450:correspond to major
397:Madagascar mangroves
98:it is the floristic
50:with high levels of
30:, as defined by the
1060:States with limited
716:Southern Madagascar
557:rivers, along with
539:Southern Madagascar
275:Tropical dry forest
164:World Wildlife Fund
162:are defined by the
32:World Wildlife Fund
700:Western Madagascar
517:Western Madagascar
513:(Mahavavy du Sud).
445:
174:in the southwest.
77:Afrotropical realm
24:
1083:
1082:
860:Equatorial Guinea
572:marine ecoregions
566:Marine ecoregions
425:
424:
306:Montane shrubland
92:Madagascan Region
1113:
778:Sovereign states
766:
759:
752:
743:
742:
736:
729:
723:
713:
707:
697:
691:
681:
675:
665:
659:
649:
643:
642:
640:
634:. Archived from
623:
612:
606:
605:(English/French)
604:
596:
421:
414:
390:
383:
359:
352:
324:
317:
293:
286:
262:
255:
231:
224:
177:
176:
170:to the sub-arid
1121:
1120:
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1111:
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632:
621:
613:
609:
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593:
588:
568:
475:drainage basins
430:
372:Xeric shrubland
341:Xeric shrubland
211:: specifically
156:
146:(including the
88:Armen Takhtajan
75:belongs to the
70:
64:
12:
11:
5:
1119:
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641:on 2016-11-01.
631:978-1559633642
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536:
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511:South Mahavavy
483:North Mahavavy
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172:spiny thickets
155:
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96:phytogeography
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928:
926:
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906:
903:
901:
900:Guinea-Bissau
898:
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484:
480:
476:
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463:
460:
457:
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455:
453:
449:
442:
438:
437:Lake Ravelobe
434:
420:
416:
413:
409:
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404:
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394:
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389:
385:
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69:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
20:
16:
1010:South Africa
1000:Sierra Leone
929:
805:Burkina Faso
732:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
636:the original
617:
610:
600:
594:
569:
538:
516:
470:
464:
458:
446:
395:
364:
335:
329:
298:
267:
236:
203:
197:
157:
102:
100:phytochorion
91:
81:Indian Ocean
71:
56:habitat loss
27:
25:
15:
1062:recognition
1015:South Sudan
905:Ivory Coast
525:Tsiribihina
128:metamorphic
115:rain shadow
111:trade winds
1090:Categories
1075:Somaliland
995:Seychelles
960:Mozambique
945:Mauritania
930:Madagascar
885:The Gambia
820:Cape Verde
733:Bioscience
586:References
551:Menarandra
180:Ecoregion
73:Madagascar
66:See also:
40:Madagascar
36:ecoregions
950:Mauritius
547:Manambovo
521:Manambolo
507:Betsiboka
503:Mahajamba
487:Sambirano
479:Mananjeba
452:catchment
403:Mangroves
186:WWF code
144:limestone
140:sandstone
136:quartzite
94:, and in
1050:Zimbabwe
1025:Tanzania
875:Ethiopia
870:Eswatini
850:Djibouti
815:Cameroon
800:Botswana
543:Mandrare
499:Anjobony
119:sub-arid
85:botanist
62:Overview
52:endemism
1035:Tunisia
1005:Somalia
990:Senegal
975:Nigeria
965:Namibia
955:Morocco
920:Liberia
915:Lesotho
865:Eritrea
835:Comoros
810:Burundi
785:Algeria
535:rivers.
533:Onilahy
529:Mangoky
491:Ankofia
407:AT1404
376:AT1312
345:AT1311
310:AT1011
279:AT0202
248:AT0118
217:AT0117
124:igneous
105:in the
1045:Zambia
1040:Uganda
980:Rwanda
935:Malawi
895:Guinea
790:Angola
628:
553:, and
531:, and
509:, and
192:Image
183:Biome
158:Seven
148:tsingy
1020:Sudan
970:Niger
925:Libya
910:Kenya
890:Ghana
880:Gabon
855:Egypt
795:Benin
639:(PDF)
622:(PDF)
555:Linta
495:Sofia
48:flora
44:fauna
1030:Togo
940:Mali
830:Chad
626:ISBN
189:Map
134:and
132:lava
126:and
46:and
26:The
439:in
334:or
202:or
90:as
1092::
718:.
702:.
686:.
670:.
654:.
574::
549:,
545:,
527:,
523:,
505:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
489:,
481:,
142:,
58:.
38:.
765:e
758:t
751:v
561:.
443:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
