1981:
640:
1992:
121:
of the
Philippines are defined primarily by the sea levels during the Ice Ages, which were 120 meters lower than at present, as billions of gallons of water were locked away in huge continental ice sheets. This drop in sea level connected many presently separate islands into larger islands, which
232:
Each group of islands that were linked by land bridges in the ice ages also constitutes a separate faunal region. The lack of a land bridge to the Asian continent prevented most of the Asian
735:
568:
1930:
294:
1795:
1484:
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965:
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2016:
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1108:
788:
710:
1810:
1668:
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1159:
960:
876:
648:
554:
321:
42:, so the flora and fauna of the islands had to cross ocean straits to reach the Philippines. The Philippines is part of the
1867:
1850:
1702:
1685:
1549:
1296:
1218:
1065:
793:
725:
688:
666:
1882:
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1060:
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940:
783:
720:
589:
1845:
1690:
1206:
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681:
1651:
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1240:
1196:
1174:
982:
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778:
768:
703:
671:
661:
536:
301:
229:, which remained separate from the rest, along with a few smaller islands, notably Camiguin, Sibuyan, and Siquijor.
1663:
1656:
1514:
1509:
1400:
1213:
1201:
1010:
773:
676:
1971:
1900:
1775:
1727:
1624:
1519:
1417:
1301:
1286:
1154:
763:
1697:
1499:
1474:
1306:
1075:
1050:
922:
1920:
1825:
1614:
1609:
1333:
1083:
362:
316:
1747:
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1712:
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883:
758:
614:
577:
639:
1737:
1732:
1604:
1539:
1494:
1378:
1269:
1250:
1179:
1003:
972:
376:
276:
1966:
1767:
1722:
1629:
1556:
1462:
1366:
1344:
1169:
1164:
1035:
930:
871:
306:
275:
and
Mindanao host distinct montane rain forest ecoregions. The mountains of Luzon are also home to the
272:
1862:
1785:
1680:
1534:
1504:
1489:
1383:
888:
1840:
1830:
1800:
1752:
1717:
1619:
1905:
1780:
1437:
619:
429:
336:
1935:
1444:
1313:
624:
1820:
1995:
1835:
1422:
1410:
629:
331:
326:
8:
1945:
1857:
522:
79:
31:. The archipelago includes over 7000 islands, and a total land area of 300,780 km.
1985:
1707:
311:
55:
1925:
43:
28:
271:
The other main factor that defines the
Philippine ecoregions is elevation; the high
1895:
1790:
517:"Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas".
500:"Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas".
210:
1915:
1910:
1890:
1872:
1524:
1432:
1427:
844:
424:
75:
59:
824:
546:
436:
168:
164:
142:
74:, which are the characteristic tree of the Philippine forests. Elements of the
2010:
609:
188:
105:
87:
225:
These formerly-linked islands each constitute a separate ecoregion, as does
268:, which were formerly linked to the Asian continent by lowered sea levels.
192:
24:
70:. Most of the Malesian flora is derived from tropical Asia, including the
1026:
849:
834:
819:
814:
602:
597:
581:
348:
196:
134:
100:
71:
39:
20:
17:
995:
400:
260:, from reaching the Philippines, although they do inhabit the adjacent
241:
138:
118:
92:
67:
485:
Terrestrial
Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.
483:
Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric
Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002).
829:
809:
265:
261:
233:
214:
63:
537:
Mammalian fauna of the
Philippines (Field Museum of Natural History)
898:
839:
344:
237:
152:
83:
356:
253:
226:
200:
178:
156:
110:
51:
513:
Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick
Davidson
496:
Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick
Davidson
46:, and its flora and fauna is mostly derived from tropical Asia.
352:
257:
96:
47:
181:, Balabac, Busuanga, Culion, Cuyo, and adjacent small islands.
1940:
1757:
911:
904:
542:
340:
249:
245:
160:
130:
218:
35:
86:, are also present, including ancient conifers like
2008:
576:
295:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
34:The Philippines was never connected to mainland
521:Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
1011:
562:
504:Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
370:Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
1018:
1004:
569:
555:
122:allowed for exchanges of flora and fauna:
23:is one of the world's great reservoirs of
1332:
282:
1025:
382:
465:Environmental issues in the Philippines
418:
2009:
999:
550:
322:Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
406:
2027:Philippines geography-related lists
13:
78:, which originated in the ancient
14:
2038:
530:
302:Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
1991:
1990:
1979:
638:
2022:Lists of ecoregions by country
507:
490:
477:
50:, the Philippines are part of
1:
2017:Ecoregions of the Philippines
487:Washington, DC: Island Press.
470:
363:Sulu Archipelago rain forests
317:Mindanao montane rain forests
171:, and adjacent small islands.
1485:Business process outsourcing
615:Marikina Valley Fault System
450:Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait
394:Palawan – Busuanga – Mindoro
145:, and several small islands.
7:
458:
391:Northern Philippine Islands
377:Luzon tropical pine forests
277:Luzon tropical pine forests
10:
2043:
307:Luzon montane rain forests
1962:
1881:
1766:
1600:
1591:
1470:
1461:
1277:
1268:
1150:
1141:
1074:
1043:
1034:
921:
858:
802:
751:
647:
636:
588:
1389:House of Representatives
1282:Administrative divisions
620:Philippine Fault System
441:Western Coral Triangle
430:South China Sea Islands
337:South China Sea Islands
1986:Philippines portal
1530:Science and technology
625:Philippine Mobile Belt
283:Terrestrial ecoregions
1941:Sport and martial art
1357:Executive departments
383:Freshwater ecoregions
289:by major habitat type
209:included most of the
1806:Fashion and clothing
1647:Environmental issues
1574:Water and sanitation
1411:Regional Trial Court
1256:World Heritage Sites
966:World Heritage Sites
630:Philippine Sea Plate
444:Palawan/North Borneo
419:Central Indo-Pacific
332:Palawan rain forests
327:Mindoro rain forests
185:Greater Negros–Panay
1796:Cultural properties
1562:Tourist attractions
1109:Japanese occupation
447:Eastern Philippines
80:southern hemisphere
1811:Historical markers
1669:Indigenous peoples
1545:Telecommunications
1319:Political families
1160:Biosphere reserves
961:Biosphere reserves
736:potentially active
413:by marine province
339:(disputed between
312:Luzon rain forests
273:mountains of Luzon
82:supercontinent of
58:that includes the
56:floristic province
2004:
2003:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1868:Traditional games
1703:Income inequality
1686:Human trafficking
1587:
1586:
1550:Telephone numbers
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1324:Political parties
1297:Foreign relations
1264:
1263:
1137:
1136:
1122:Marcos presidency
1113:Postcolonial era
993:
992:
407:Marine ecoregions
44:Indomalayan realm
2034:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1764:
1763:
1718:Overseas workers
1640:Higher education
1598:
1597:
1468:
1467:
1406:Court of Appeals
1362:Executive office
1330:
1329:
1275:
1274:
1148:
1147:
1089:Pre-colonial era
1041:
1040:
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1013:
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996:
642:
571:
564:
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524:
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211:Sulu Archipelago
149:Greater Mindanao
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2031:
2007:
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2005:
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1978:
1950:
1877:
1846:Public holidays
1762:
1691:Sex trafficking
1583:
1449:
1367:Law enforcement
1328:
1260:
1224:Protected areas
1133:
1102:American period
1070:
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1024:
994:
989:
956:Protected areas
917:
865:
862:
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643:
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425:South China Sea
421:
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385:
292:
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175:Greater Palawan
76:Antarctic flora
60:Malay Peninsula
12:
11:
5:
2040:
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1197:Extreme points
1194:
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1175:Climate change
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1972:Bibliography
1901:Coat of arms
1873:Value system
1776:Architecture
1728:Prostitution
1625:Demographics
1495:Central bank
1438:Marine Corps
1418:Armed Forces
1302:Human rights
1287:Constitution
1236:Ramsar sites
1191:
935:
910:
903:
657:Archipelagos
518:
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236:, including
231:
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207:Greater Sulu
206:
184:
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126:
116:
109:
91:
72:dipterocarps
40:land bridges
33:
25:biodiversity
15:
1698:Immigration
1500:Child labor
1475:Agriculture
1445:Coast Guard
1379:Legislative
1314:Legal codes
1187:Earthquakes
1051:Archaeology
1027:Philippines
923:Environment
845:South China
603:Benham Bank
598:Benham Rise
582:Philippines
349:Philippines
264:islands of
135:Catanduanes
101:Sundacarpus
48:Botanically
21:archipelago
2011:Categories
1921:Great Seal
1858:Psychology
1821:Literature
1816:Inventions
1615:Corruption
1610:Censorship
1480:Automotive
1341:Executive
1334:Government
1192:Ecoregions
1084:Prehistory
1076:Chronology
936:Ecoregions
877:Autonomous
825:Philippine
789:Waterfalls
711:Peninsulas
519:Bioscience
502:Bioscience
471:References
401:Lake Lanao
262:Indonesian
242:rhinoceros
139:Marinduque
119:ecoregions
106:araucarias
93:Podocarpus
68:New Guinea
18:Philippine
1851:Festivals
1836:Mythology
1748:Squatting
1743:Sexuality
1713:Languages
1635:Education
1579:ZIP codes
1423:Air Force
1372:President
1292:Elections
1246:Volcanoes
1219:Mountains
1143:Geography
1066:Political
1044:Overviews
946:Landmarks
899:Barangays
884:Provinces
863:divisions
759:Baselines
726:Volcanoes
689:Mountains
667:Headlands
649:Landforms
578:Geography
266:Sundaland
238:elephants
234:megafauna
215:Tawi Tawi
187:included
177:included
151:included
129:included
88:podocarps
64:Indonesia
1996:Category
1926:Language
1738:Religion
1733:Refugees
1676:Genetics
1605:Abortion
1540:Taxation
1396:Judicial
1270:Politics
1251:Wildlife
1180:Typhoons
1061:Military
973:Wildlife
794:Wetlands
741:inactive
459:See also
397:Mindanao
387:Source:
345:Malaysia
254:leopards
153:Mindanao
84:Gondwana
29:endemism
1967:Outline
1883:Symbols
1791:Cuisine
1768:Culture
1723:Poverty
1708:Kinship
1630:Divorce
1593:Society
1557:Tourism
1463:Economy
1345:Cabinet
1207:islands
1170:Climate
1165:Borders
1056:Economy
1036:History
941:Forests
931:Climate
872:Regions
850:Visayan
835:Sibuyan
820:Celebes
815:Camotes
784:Straits
721:Valleys
682:islands
590:Geology
580:of the
357:Vietnam
258:gibbons
227:Mindoro
213:, from
201:Masbate
179:Palawan
157:Basilan
143:Polillo
111:Agathis
52:Malesia
1911:Flower
1891:Anthem
1863:Sports
1786:Cinema
1681:Health
1505:Energy
1490:Census
1384:Senate
1241:Rivers
889:Cities
779:Rivers
731:active
716:Plains
704:Ultras
699:passes
694:ranges
515:et al.
498:et al.
353:Taiwan
256:, and
250:tigers
246:tapirs
199:, and
189:Negros
104:) and
97:Nageia
66:, and
1931:Motto
1831:Music
1826:Media
1801:Dance
1758:Pinoy
1753:Women
1620:Crime
1520:Labor
1350:lists
1214:Lakes
983:Flora
978:Fauna
912:Sitio
905:Purok
830:Samar
810:Bohol
774:Lakes
769:Gulfs
752:Water
672:Hills
341:China
193:Panay
169:Samar
165:Leyte
161:Bohol
131:Luzon
1946:Tree
1906:Flag
1896:Bird
1841:Name
1781:Arts
1525:Peso
1433:Navy
1428:Army
1307:LGBT
1155:Bays
840:Sulu
803:Seas
764:Bays
219:Jolo
197:Cebu
117:The
54:, a
38:via
36:Asia
27:and
16:The
1916:Gem
217:to
114:).
2013::
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62:,
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570:e
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221:.
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108:(
90:(
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