941:, however the number of gold reserves was unknown. International observers also have noted Eritrea's potential for quarrying ornamental marble and granite. As of 2001, some 10 mining companies had obtained licenses to prospect for different minerals in Eritrea. The government of Eritrea reportedly was in the process of conducting a geological survey for use by potential investors in the mining sector. The presence of hundreds of thousands of land mines in Eritrea, particularly along the border with Ethiopia, has presented a serious impediment to future development of the mining sector.
492:
388:
2168:
1110:
1127:
revenues of only US$ 235.7 million. In 2002 the fiscal deficit was 32 percent of GDP. Current expenditures continue to exceed budgeted spending, particularly in defense and other discretionary expenditures. Monetary policy remains subservient to the financing demands of the government, and debt is unsustainably high. This situation is not likely to change until demobilization of the military occurs. According to the CIA World
Factbook, the Eritrean Government has revenues of $ 715.2 million, and outlays of $ 1.021 billion.
1019:
903:
24:
402:
65:
534:
464:
374:
562:
1198:
696:
360:
478:
416:
548:
520:
1079:, commercial banks in Eritreaâall government owned and operatedâappear to be in compliance with prudent regulations. Although the commercial banking sector is largely profitable, mostly owing to income from foreign exchange transactions, the sector is burdened by a high proportion of non-performing loans. Core lending activities do not generate sufficient income to cover operating costs at most commercial banks.
346:
506:
211:
203:
144:
136:
1580:
1099:(ERN), introduced in November 1997. In early 2005, likely in an effort to increase foreign capital reserves, the Eritrean government decreed that all transactions in Eritrea must be conducted in nakfa. It soon became illegal for individuals to hold and exchange foreign currency. As of January 1, 2005, the government set the foreign exchange rate at US$ 1=ERN15.
869:, as well as rehabilitation of the port there, may support increased exports of high-value seafood. In 2002, exports were about 14,000 tons, but the maximum stable yield is thought to be nearly 80,000 tons. A fish processing plant was built in 1998 that now exports 150 tons of frozen fish every month to markets in
1161:
In 2011, Eritrea imported goods worth US$ 899.9 million, including machinery, petroleum products, food, and manufactured goods. Eritrea's main suppliers were Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. In 2011 exports from
Eritrea were valued at US$ 415.4 million, and
864:
in
Eritrea are difficult to obtain. However, Eritrea's long coastline offers the opportunity for significant expansion of the fishing industry from its current, largely artisanal, stage. Eritrea exports fish and sea cucumbers from the Red Sea to markets in Europe and Asia, and there is hope that the
856:
As of 2011, the government encouraged large-scale cultivation of cactus to help alleviate the human suffering and, in the future, increase export revenues. Cactus plants are said to have been introduced in 1839 by a French
Catholic missionary who planted the cactus in Digsa, Akrur and Hebo, Southern
768:
Short-term growth prospects remain challenging given fiscal constraints and limited opportunities under existing restrictions. The recovery in agriculture is expected to slow. The country remains in a difficult macroeconomic situation with an unsustainable debt burden (including arrears to the World
756:
Eritrea's recent growth performance has been marked by significant volatility in part due to its dependence on a predominantly rain-fed agriculture sector, accounting for about one-third of the economy and which has a significant impact on distribution services which account for around 20% of gross
777:
Eritrea's GDP, estimated at $ 4.037 billion in 2011, was 8.7 percent above the GDP in 2010. The growth was due to increased agricultural output and the expansion of the mining industry along with increasing gold prices. Breakdowns of the
Eritrean economy by sector have not been readily available;
764:
In recent years, Eritrea has significantly tightened fiscal policy to reverse the chronic deficits it suffered after the increase in regional insecurity in 1998. In 2018, the fiscal surplus widened to around 11% of GDP. This was largely achieved by a sharp drop in capital spending as well as some
801:
employed nearly 80 percent of the population but accounted for only 12.4 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in
Eritrea. The agricultural sector has improved with the use of modern farming equipment and techniques, and dams. Nevertheless, it is compromised by a lack of financial services and
1126:
Eritrea does not publish a budget, making its fiscal condition difficult to assess. According to the
International Monetary Fund, the overall fiscal deficit in 2003 was 17 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Government expenditures for that year were estimated to be US$ 375 million, with
974:
During the period of federation, industrial capacity largely shifted to
Ethiopia, leaving the Eritrean industrial sector with outmoded capital equipment. In 2003 industry accounted for 25.3 percent of gross domestic product. Major products include processed food and dairy products, alcoholic
1005:
was completed just south of
Massawa in 2003, its completion delayed nearly three years by the war with Ethiopia. Annual consumption of petroleum in 2001 was estimated at 370,000 tons. Eritrea has no domestic petroleum production; the Eritrean Petroleum Corporation conducts purchases through
1165:
Foreign investment is hindered by government regulations that seek to protect domestic industries from foreign competition and by a generally unfavorable investment climate. Major foreign investors in
Eritrea include China, South Korea, Italy, South Africa, and Germany, as well as the
1105:
continues to be a problem in Eritrea, particularly as years of drought push grain prices higher and defense expenditures remain high. The International Monetary Fund estimates that in 2003 (the most recent year for which figures are available) average inflation reached 23 percent.
760:
Reported inflation has been negative during 2016â18, following the exchange of currency in circulation in November 2015 that resulted in a monetary contraction. Deflation continued in 2018 as increased trade with Ethiopia resulted in further put downward pressure on prices.
757:
domestic product (GDP), and on a narrow mining sector which also accounts for 20% of the economy. Real GDP growth is estimated to have recovered to around 12% in 2018, while averaging -2.7% during 2015â18 on account of frequent droughts and a decline in mining production.
778:
however, according to some estimates, in 2011 services accounted for 55 percent of the GDP, industry for 34 percent, and agriculture for the remaining 11 percent. The growth of the GDP, however, is compromised by the ongoing and tensions with the country's borders.
1185:
signed a peace agreement in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between the two countries after a bitter war that lasted 20 years (from 1998 to 2018). The two neighbouring countries ceased hostilities and restored trade and diplomatic ties, and planned joint projects.
1035:(the nation's central bank), the Commercial Bank of Eritrea, the Housing and Commerce Bank of Eritrea, the Agricultural and Industrial Bank of Eritrea, the Eritrean Investment and Development Bank, and the National Insurance Corporation of Eritrea.
1162:
the bulk were food, livestock, small manufactures, sorghum, and textiles. The major markets for Eritrean goods were China, Egypt, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the UK. More recently, fish, flowers, and salt have joined the list of exports.
1014:
have slightly increased, due to the growth of solar power manufacturing companies in the country. The Eritrean government has expressed interest in developing alternative energy sources, including geothermal, solar, and wind power.
1006:
international competitive tender. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, opportunities exist for both on- and offshore oil and natural gas exploration; however, these prospects have yet to come to fruition. The use of
846:
have played a role in the declining productivity of the agricultural sector. Almost a quarter of the country's most productive land remains unoccupied because of the lingering effects of the 1998â2000 war with Ethiopia.
1173:
The government prefers private-sector investment to official aid programs and declines foreign aid; therefore its relations with aid-dispensing nations and international institutions have often been difficult.
958:
completed construction of its Bisha gold mining project. Estimated production was to be 350,000 ounces of gold per year until the gold ore is exhausted, at which point the mine would produce copper and zinc.
966:, Zhong Chang Mining Co, China Africa Huakan Investment Co., Land Energy Group (China) Ltd, Beijing Donia Resources Co.), the UK (London Africa Ltd, Andiamo Exploration Ltd.), the UAE and Barbados.
1087:
Agriculture employs about 80 percent of the population in Eritrea, and the remaining 20 percent are employed in industry and services. The GDP per capita at nominal value was $ 475 in 2011.
1472:
1158:
are aggressively pursuing market opportunities in Eritrea. There is growing interest in U.S. products and services in Eritrea, although U.S. investment in Eritrea is still small.
682:
has an extensive amount of resources such as copper, gold, granite, marble, and potash. As of 2012, 20 mining companies had obtained licenses to prospect and exploit mines.
962:
As of 2012, nine explorer companies operated in Eritrea from Canada (NGEx Resources), Australia (Chalice Gold Mines, South Boulder Mines, Sunridge Gold Corp), China (
1498:"Nevsun Resources: Bisha Mine, Bisha Project, Gold Production, Gold Mine Africa, Mining Africa, Copper Mine, Mining Eritrea, Base Metal Properties, High-Grade Gold"
1556:
993:
in 2001 was estimated at 220.5 million kilowatt-hours. Consumption for that year was estimated at 205.1-kilowatt hours. An 88-megawatt electricity plant funded by
857:
region. The second generation of cactus plants were introduced by the Italians, who planted them at Arberebu while they were building the Asmara rail lines.
1031:
In 2011, services accounted for 55 percent of gross domestic product. Financial services, the bulk of the services sector, are principally rendered by the
1447:
1948:
1718:
1226:
110:
889:
flared up in 1995 and again in 2002, and Eritrea's difficult relations with other nations could hamper further development of the industry.
1425:
2064:
1863:
2546:
2145:
1703:
2155:
2133:
1640:
2305:
2113:
1723:
602:
717:
951:
In 2011, the Australian Chalice mining company applied through a 60/40 joint venture for a mining license for 18 years.
2341:
1221:
162:
2506:
2310:
2288:
2077:
1282:
743:
672:
in 2011 of 8.7 percent and in 2012 of 7.5% over 2011, and has a total of $ 8.090 billion as of 2020. However, worker
1497:
725:
2138:
933:
As of 2001, Eritrea's substantial mineral deposits were largely unexplored. According to the Eritrean government,
2269:
2198:
1608:
842:. The displacement of 1 million Eritreans as a result of the war with Ethiopia, and the widespread presence of
721:
166:
2359:
2203:
1974:
963:
2259:
2123:
2057:
1738:
1584:
665:
2264:
2541:
2021:
2017:
1451:
1261:
1076:
2425:
2405:
2128:
1633:
1374:
1058:
1050:
2218:
2188:
2030:
1358:
632:
2460:
1778:
1114:
1032:
706:
114:
1049:
Eritrea's lack of access to funds, the presence of large numbers of land mines, and the continued
765:
revenue measures. However, fiscal pressures, both recurrent and wage-related are likely to mount.
2447:
2435:
2298:
2293:
2276:
2249:
2167:
2050:
2013:
1888:
1878:
1683:
1524:
710:
215:
148:
2336:
2281:
1893:
1783:
1713:
990:
792:
669:
126:
1421:
1953:
1873:
1838:
1823:
1808:
1763:
1698:
1626:
945:
2004:
1543:
1399:
2470:
2455:
2369:
2254:
2208:
2193:
2176:
1828:
648:
241:
1473:"Chalice takes key step towards gold production with signing of Eritrean Mining Agreement"
8:
2480:
2410:
2237:
2223:
2118:
1928:
1903:
1753:
1748:
1728:
1693:
1678:
1355:
1613:
916:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
37:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2499:
2383:
2364:
2213:
2085:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1913:
1883:
1868:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1798:
1793:
1688:
1663:
1283:"Global Economic Prospects, June 2019: Heightened Tensions, Subdued Investment. p. 127"
1216:
1070:
1044:
668:. It experienced considerable growth in recent years, indicated by an improvement in
2475:
2465:
2346:
1923:
1918:
1858:
1813:
1773:
1668:
1649:
984:
256:
1351:
1313:
2515:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2395:
2098:
1978:
1898:
1848:
1803:
1788:
1768:
1758:
1733:
1673:
1253:
1054:
955:
934:
861:
2400:
2108:
1908:
1818:
1708:
301:
676:
from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product.
2520:
2351:
1363:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
1203:
1178:
1109:
1096:
948:
for gold through a 50/50 joint venture set up in 2009 with Thani Dubai Mining.
870:
815:
407:
81:
2535:
1501:
583:
106:
1018:
1151:
994:
539:
469:
379:
64:
1589:
2103:
1143:
1011:
1007:
878:
798:
567:
90:
2150:
1293:
1182:
1167:
843:
673:
1614:
IMF Executive Board Concludes Consultation with Eritrea February 2005
1522:
1102:
1002:
293:
237:
1618:
989:
Households consume more than 80 percent of total energy production.
695:
2042:
1557:"After making peace, Ethiopia and Eritrea now focus on development"
1061:, international tourism receipts in 2002 were only US$ 73 million.
850:
831:
231:
agriculture (11.7%), industry (29.6%), services (58.7%) (2017 est.)
2073:
1211:
1155:
886:
874:
866:
803:
679:
2093:
998:
827:
819:
807:
553:
525:
297:
70:
1147:
1139:
1135:
975:
beverages, glass, leather goods, marble, textiles, and salt.
944:
In 2011, AngloGold Ashanti moved into Eritrea to explore the
882:
839:
811:
511:
497:
483:
421:
393:
365:
351:
1378:
938:
835:
823:
305:
1595:
1090:
448:
machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods
1523:
Eritrean Center for Strategic Studies (October 2012).
1375:"Eritrea: Africa's Economic Success Story - iNewp.com"
1315:, International Monetary Fund. Retrieved October 2012.
330:
food, livestock, small manufactures, sorghum, textiles
786:
769:
Bank) and vulnerable financial and external sectors.
1193:
1051:
tensions that flare up between Eritrea and Ethiopia
853:is not a significant economic activity in Eritrea.
1113:The Massawa-Asmara Highway, built as part of the
2533:
860:Reliable figures on the extent and value of the
1254:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019"
772:
1525:"Mining and Exploration Activities in Eritrea"
865:construction of a new, jet-capable airport in
283:agriculture (80%), services and industry (20%)
2058:
1634:
1227:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1130:
969:
802:investment. Major agricultural products are
647:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
724:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2065:
2051:
1641:
1627:
1609:Eritrea latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1177:On 16 September 2018, Eritrean President
63:
744:Learn how and when to remove this message
1419:
1108:
1017:
664:has undergone extreme changes after the
1239:
591:$ 1.026 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
2534:
1091:Currency, exchange rate, and inflation
1064:
892:
2046:
1648:
1622:
1440:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
937:in 1998 collected 573.4 kilograms of
2072:
1516:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1121:
896:
722:adding citations to reliable sources
689:
17:
1053:have deterred the development of a
685:
13:
1422:"Why Eritrea is turning to cactus"
1420:Kithinji, Brian (24 August 2021).
1222:List of companies based in Eritrea
787:Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
14:
2558:
1602:
1318:
2166:
1949:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1719:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1583: This article incorporates
1578:
1196:
901:
694:
560:
546:
532:
518:
504:
490:
476:
462:
414:
400:
386:
372:
358:
344:
210:
209:
202:
201:
143:
142:
135:
134:
22:
1549:
1537:
1490:
1428:from the original on 2021-08-25
2547:African Union member economies
1465:
1448:"AngloGold moves into Eritrea"
1413:
1392:
1367:
1307:
1275:
1082:
139:$ 2.25 billion (nominal, 2021)
1:
1232:
1181:and Ethiopian Prime Minister
1095:The official currency is the
1057:in Eritrea. According to the
964:Sichuan Road and Bridge Group
781:
2146:DjiboutianâEritrean conflict
1450:. 2011-05-12. Archived from
773:Gross domestic product (GDP)
7:
1290:openknowledge.worldbank.org
1262:International Monetary Fund
1189:
1077:International Monetary Fund
1026:
885:over fishing rights in the
640:$ 236.7 million (2017 est.)
626:$ 2.601 billion (2017 est.)
618:$ 2.029 billion (2017 est.)
438:$ 1.127 billion (2017 est.)
320:$ 635.7 million (2017 est.)
185:7.9% (18/19e) 7.9% (19/20f)
10:
2563:
1546:| CIA - The World Factbook
1131:Foreign economic relations
1068:
1059:World Tourism Organization
1042:
1038:
982:
970:Industry and Manufacturing
790:
279:Labour force by occupation
182:7.6% (16/17) 10.2% (17/18)
2493:
2446:
2391:
2382:
2332:
2323:
2245:
2236:
2184:
2175:
2164:
2084:
1962:
1937:
1656:
1359:Federal Research Division
978:
910:This section needs to be
644:
630:
622:
614:
610:131.2% of GDP (2017 est.)
600:
595:
580:
452:
442:
434:
334:
324:
316:
311:
300:, clothing and textiles,
287:
277:
267:
252:
235:
225:
192:
173:
158:
125:
120:
100:
88:
77:
62:
31:This article needs to be
1704:Central African Republic
1033:National Bank of Eritrea
273:2.71 million (2017 est.)
1352:Eritrea country profile
1022:Harnet Avenue in Asmara
304:, light manufacturing,
2289:International rankings
2129:EritreanâEthiopian War
1585:public domain material
1118:
1023:
991:Electricity production
793:Agriculture in Eritrea
670:gross domestic product
1864:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1724:Republic of the Congo
1115:Wefri Warsay Yika'alo
1112:
1021:
946:Arabian-Nubian Shield
206:$ 626 (nominal, 2021)
1400:"The World Factbook"
718:improve this section
454:Main import partners
336:Main export partners
2124:War of Independence
1939:States with limited
1356:Library of Congress
1065:Banking and Finance
893:Mining and minerals
666:War of Independence
102:Trade organisations
59:
2542:Economy of Eritrea
2360:Telecommunications
1650:Economy of Africa
1591:The World Factbook
1544:The World Factbook
1477:www.prnewswire.com
1361:(September 2005).
1217:Banking in Eritrea
1119:
1071:Banking in Eritrea
1045:Tourism in Eritrea
1024:
662:economy of Eritrea
54:
2529:
2528:
2489:
2488:
2476:List of Eritreans
2378:
2377:
2319:
2318:
2306:Political parties
2260:Foreign relations
2232:
2231:
2139:2018 peace summit
2040:
2039:
1966:other territories
1739:Equatorial Guinea
1122:Government budget
1075:According to the
985:Energy in Eritrea
931:
930:
754:
753:
746:
657:
656:
254:Population below
52:
51:
2554:
2509:
2502:
2406:Independence Day
2389:
2388:
2355:
2330:
2329:
2243:
2242:
2182:
2181:
2170:
2099:Kingdom of Aksum
2067:
2060:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2027:
2026:(United Kingdom)
2022:Tristan da Cunha
2018:Ascension Island
2010:
1997:
1988:
1964:Dependencies and
1657:Sovereign states
1643:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1599:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1500:. Archived from
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1377:. Archived from
1371:
1365:
1349:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1250:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1055:tourist industry
956:Nevsun Resources
935:artisanal mining
926:
923:
917:
905:
904:
897:
881:. Tensions with
862:fishing industry
749:
742:
738:
735:
729:
698:
690:
686:Economic history
635:
634:Foreign reserves
605:
586:
566:
564:
563:
552:
550:
549:
538:
536:
535:
524:
522:
521:
510:
508:
507:
496:
494:
493:
482:
480:
479:
468:
466:
465:
420:
418:
417:
406:
404:
403:
392:
390:
389:
378:
376:
375:
364:
362:
361:
350:
348:
347:
259:
213:
212:
205:
204:
147:$ 6.88 billion (
146:
145:
138:
137:
67:
60:
58:
53:
47:
44:
38:
26:
25:
18:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2485:
2442:
2426:Public holidays
2374:
2353:
2315:
2228:
2171:
2162:
2134:border conflict
2109:Italian Eritrea
2094:Kingdom of DÊżmt
2080:
2071:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2008:
1995:
1986:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1652:
1647:
1605:
1588:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1504:on 27 June 2012
1496:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1350:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1235:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1133:
1124:
1093:
1085:
1073:
1067:
1047:
1041:
1029:
987:
981:
972:
927:
921:
918:
915:
906:
902:
895:
795:
789:
784:
775:
750:
739:
733:
730:
715:
699:
688:
659:
653:
637:
633:
607:
604:Government debt
603:
596:Public finances
588:
584:
576:
561:
559:
547:
545:
533:
531:
519:
517:
505:
503:
491:
489:
477:
475:
463:
461:
455:
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373:
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302:food processing
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289:Main industries
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263:50% (2004 est.)
260:
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248:â14.401% (2018)
245:
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176:
154:
103:
93:
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56:
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1204:Eritrea portal
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1097:Eritrean nakfa
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1069:Main article:
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779:
770:
766:
762:
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745:
737:
727:
723:
719:
713:
712:
708:
703:This section
701:
697:
692:
691:
683:
681:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
652:
650:
643:
639:
636:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
599:
594:
590:
587:
585:external debt
579:
572:
569:
558:
555:
544:
541:
530:
527:
516:
513:
502:
499:
488:
485:
474:
471:
460:
459:
457:
451:
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437:
433:
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295:
292:
286:
282:
276:
272:
266:
262:
258:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
227:GDP by sector
224:
217:
208:
200:
199:
197:
191:
184:
181:
180:
178:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
150:
141:
133:
132:
130:
128:
124:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
99:
96:Calendar year
95:
92:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
66:
61:
46:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
2448:Demographics
2324:
2299:Conscription
2277:Human rights
2250:Constitution
2114:World War II
2014:Saint Helena
1985:
1889:South Africa
1879:Sierra Leone
1743:
1684:Burkina Faso
1590:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1563:. 2018-12-07
1560:
1551:
1539:
1528:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:the original
1492:
1481:. Retrieved
1479:. 2 Nov 2011
1476:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:the original
1369:
1362:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1289:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1257:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:South Africa
1134:
1125:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1074:
1048:
1030:
995:Saudi Arabia
988:
973:
961:
953:
950:
943:
932:
919:
911:
859:
855:
849:
796:
776:
767:
763:
759:
755:
740:
731:
716:Please help
704:
678:
661:
658:
646:
540:South Africa
470:Saudi Arabia
444:Import goods
380:Saudi Arabia
326:Export goods
269:Labour force
257:poverty line
165:(nominal) /
40:
32:
15:
2337:Agriculture
2199:Earthquakes
2156:Involvement
2104:Medri Bahri
1941:recognition
1894:South Sudan
1784:Ivory Coast
1144:South Korea
1083:Labor force
1012:solar power
1008:Wind energy
879:Netherlands
799:agriculture
674:remittances
573:(2008 est.)
568:South Korea
427:(2008 est.)
91:Fiscal year
55:Economy of
2536:Categories
2411:Literature
2354:(currency)
2265:Government
2151:Tigray War
2119:Civil wars
1996:(Portugal)
1954:Somaliland
1874:Seychelles
1839:Mozambique
1824:Mauritania
1809:Madagascar
1764:The Gambia
1699:Cape Verde
1567:2024-01-04
1530:2023-05-18
1483:2023-05-18
1458:2023-05-18
1385:2012-12-04
1299:7 December
1294:World Bank
1233:References
1183:Abiy Ahmed
1168:World Bank
877:, and the
844:land mines
791:See also:
782:Industries
649:US dollars
175:GDP growth
121:Statistics
69:A view of
2471:Languages
2456:Education
2370:Transport
2342:Companies
2311:President
2255:Elections
2209:Provinces
2204:Mountains
2194:Districts
2177:Geography
1829:Mauritius
1432:25 August
1103:Inflation
1003:Abu Dhabi
797:In 2004,
705:does not
294:beverages
238:Inflation
214:$ 1,910 (
2516:Category
2481:Religion
2436:Olympics
2294:Military
2238:Politics
2224:Wildlife
2078:articles
2020: /
2016: /
2009:(France)
2003: /
1981: /
1977: /
1929:Zimbabwe
1904:Tanzania
1754:Ethiopia
1749:Eswatini
1729:Djibouti
1694:Cameroon
1679:Botswana
1426:Archived
1267:2 August
1190:See also
1117:program.
1027:Services
922:May 2023
851:Forestry
734:May 2023
623:Expenses
615:Revenues
312:External
159:GDP rank
78:Currency
43:May 2023
2500:Outline
2396:Cuisine
2384:Culture
2365:Tourism
2325:Economy
2270:Cabinet
2214:Regions
2086:History
2074:Eritrea
2005:RĂ©union
2001:Mayotte
1992:Madeira
1987:(Spain)
1983:Melilla
1914:Tunisia
1884:Somalia
1869:Senegal
1854:Nigeria
1844:Namibia
1834:Morocco
1799:Liberia
1794:Lesotho
1744:Eritrea
1714:Comoros
1689:Burundi
1664:Algeria
1508:11 June
1405:11 June
1258:IMF.org
1212:Eritrea
1156:Germany
1039:Tourism
912:updated
887:Red Sea
875:Germany
871:Britain
867:Massawa
832:leather
820:lentils
804:sorghum
726:removed
711:sources
680:Eritrea
435:Imports
317:Exports
218:, 2021)
151:, 2021)
57:Eritrea
33:updated
2521:Portal
2466:Health
2352:Nakfa
2347:Energy
2219:Rivers
2189:Cities
2076:
2024:
2007:
1994:
1924:Zambia
1919:Uganda
1859:Rwanda
1814:Malawi
1774:Guinea
1669:Angola
1154:, and
1001:, and
999:Kuwait
979:Energy
838:, and
828:millet
808:barley
582:Gross
565:
554:Brazil
551:
537:
526:Russia
523:
509:
495:
481:
467:
419:
405:
391:
377:
363:
349:
298:cement
111:COMESA
71:Asmara
2507:Index
2431:Sport
2421:Music
2416:Media
1979:Ceuta
1899:Sudan
1849:Niger
1804:Libya
1789:Kenya
1769:Ghana
1759:Gabon
1734:Egypt
1674:Benin
1587:from
1286:(PDF)
1148:Italy
1140:India
1136:China
883:Yemen
840:wheat
812:beans
512:India
500:11.1%
498:China
486:11.9%
484:Egypt
472:15.7%
422:Egypt
394:China
366:Sudan
354:30.5%
352:Italy
169:(PPP)
167:156th
163:156th
84:(ERN)
2401:Flag
2282:LGBT
1909:Togo
1819:Mali
1709:Chad
1510:2015
1434:2021
1407:2015
1301:2019
1269:2022
1010:and
939:gold
836:teff
824:meat
709:any
707:cite
660:The
570:4.3%
556:5.9%
542:6.5%
528:7.2%
514:8.9%
424:4.8%
410:5.7%
396:8.5%
382:8.8%
306:salt
115:AfDB
1596:CIA
720:by
368:24%
242:CPI
216:PPP
149:PPP
127:GDP
2538::
1594:.
1559:.
1475:.
1424:.
1354:.
1320:^
1292:.
1288:.
1260:.
1256:.
1241:^
1170:.
1150:,
1146:,
1142:,
1138:,
997:,
873:,
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
408:UK
296:,
113:,
109:,
107:AU
2066:e
2059:t
2052:v
1642:e
1635:t
1628:v
1598:.
1570:.
1533:.
1512:.
1486:.
1461:.
1436:.
1409:.
1388:.
1303:.
1271:.
924:)
920:(
914:.
747:)
741:(
736:)
732:(
728:.
714:.
651:.
244:)
240:(
45:)
41:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
