Economy of Mozambique

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such as farm equipment and transport equipment, are capital goods that are worth more than agricultural products, hence Mozambique's large trade deficit. The country also imports food, clothing, and petroleum products. Import partners include South Africa, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia, Portugal, the United States, Japan, and India. In the past several years, the value of imports outweighed the value of exports by 5 to 1 or more—a factor that obliges Mozambique to depend heavily on foreign aid and loans by foreign commercial banks and the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs). In 1995 alone, Mozambique received $ 1.115 billion in aid. In 1999, the total external debt stood at $ 4.8 billion. Fortunately, in the same year significant economic recovery did occur, as the real GDP growth rate reached 10 percent.

1386:, and heavy funding for the national educational and health systems, which however, remained weak for decades in independent Mozambique, and still are among the most ineffective and underfunded in the world. The exodus (mass departure) of the Portuguese following independence in 1975 facilitated the takeover of many shops by Mozambicans. Unfortunately, the exodus, which totaled over 275,000 ethnic Portuguese, also led to a huge loss of professionals, productive machinery, entrepreneurs, and skilled workers. By the early 1980s, Mozambique became what Joseph Hanlon—author of Peace Without Profit: How the IMF Blocks Rebuilding in Mozambique —called a "Cold War battlefield." The term refers to the situation in which socialist FRELIMO, with Soviet backing, was forced to fight a lengthy civil war ( 102: 1313:. Lately the Lourenço Marques Oil Refinery was established by the Sociedade Nacional de Refinação de Petróleo (SONAREP) – a Franco-Portuguese syndicate. In the sisal plantations Swiss capital was invested, and in copra concerns, a combination of Portuguese, Swiss and French capital was invested. The large availability of capital from both Portuguese and international origin, allied to the wide range of natural resources and the growing urban population, lead to an impressive growth and development of the economy. From the late stages of this notable period of high growth and huge development effort started in the 1950s, was the construction of the 851: 809: 632: 1131: 1563: 3559: 35: 893: 907: 646: 4753: 1831:(TDM). The government is intent on introducing competition to the fixed-line sector as well, but it is hesitating to privatise TDM. All other services are open to competition, subject to licensing by the industry regulator, INCM. Internet usage in the country has been hampered by the inadequate fixed-line infrastructure and the high cost of international bandwidth, but this market sector has started to accelerate following the introduction of various kinds of broadband services including 674: 702: 781: 604: 795: 618: 865: 660: 879: 688: 837: 576: 3571: 823: 590: 1035: 726: 513: 381: 276: 268: 224: 216: 1856:

committing to a policy of fiscal and monetary discipline. In 1995 the government introduced its medium-term economic growth, strategy which it continues to pursue. Since the late 1990s, both national and international banking, established an environment for rapid economic growth and development of the financial system. On 11 December 2012, the Mozambican Government acquire the Portuguese shares of BNI

1884:, with very low socioeconomic indicators. In the last decade, however, it has experienced a notable economic recovery. Per capita GDP in 2000 was estimated at $ 222; in the mid-1980s, it was $ 120. With a high foreign debt (originally $ 5.7 billion at 1998 net present value) and a good track record on economic reform, Mozambique was the first African country to receive debt relief under the initial 365: 1422:(IMF) in 1986 (commonly referred to as the Bretton Woods Institutions or International Financial Institutions—IFIs). The series of SAPs that followed thereafter, required privatization of major industries, less government spending, deregulation of the economy, and trade liberalization. The SAPs, therefore, have essentially focused on the implementation of an unfettered free market economy. 3469: 3431: 1270:, and public investment which included ambitious state-managed development plans. British capital owned two of the large sugar concessions (the third was Portuguese), including the famous Sena states. The Matola Oil Refinery, Procon, was controlled by England and the United States. In 1948 the petroleum concession was given to the Mozambique Gulf Oil Company. At Maotize 1382:, drove the country to absolute chaos. Mozambique became an independent republic and the Frente de Libertacao de Mocambique (FRELIMO), the socialist guerrilla organization that had fought the colonial war against Portugal, assumed power. Over the next several years, FRELIMO pursued numerous socialist policies, including nationalization of land and large industries, 1467: 1748:. The prevalence is higher in the southern region (75 percent). Mozambique is a net importer of food. Total annual cereal import requirements average 0.89 million tons (0.14 million of maize, 0.39 of rice and 0.36 of wheat). Mozambique must also import substantial quantities of meat and livestock products. 1072:(1977–1992). In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms, which were designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. 1773:

has estimated that there was the potential for exports worth US$ 200m by 2005 – in the late 1990s they totaled US$ 3.6m, some 1% of total exports, and a contribution of less than 2% of GDP. Minerals currently being mined include marble, bentonite, coal, gold, bauxite, granite, titanium and gemstones.

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Today, the economy of Mozambique continues to be dominated by agriculture. Major exports include prawns, cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, citrus, copra and coconuts, and timber. Export partners, in turn, include Spain, South Africa, Portugal, the United States, Japan, Malawi, India, and Zimbabwe. Imports,

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Immediately after a long civil war ended in 1992 the country started to reform telecommunication sector. The mobile sub-sector has experienced excellent growth rates following the introduction of competition in 2003 between Vodacom Mozambique and mCel, the incumbent mobile subsidiary of the national

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Agricultural potential is high, particularly in the fertile northern regions, which accounts for the bulk of the country's agricultural surplus. The main cash crops are sugar, copra, cashew nuts, tea, and tobacco. Total sugar production was expected to rise by 160% in the 2000s, which would make the

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Mozambique exported its first batch of coal in 2011 and expects to become the world's largest coal exporter. It is also spending about US$ 50 billion in infrastructure projects to access its coal reserves. Mozambique is reported to have the fourth largest reserves of natural gas in the world, after

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government. Thereafter, Mozambique, along with other Portuguese colonies, was put under the direct control of Lisbon. In 1951, it became an overseas province. The economy expanded rapidly during the 1950s and 1960s, attracting thousands of Portuguese settlers to the country. It was around this time

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In recent years, the value of imports has surpassed that of exports by almost 2:1, an improvement over the 4:1 ratio of the immediate post-war years. In 2000 imports were $ 1,217 million, and exports were $ 723 million. Support programs provided by development partners have largely compensated for

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The banking system, dominated by the Portuguese collapsed after independence in 1975. From an earlier position (in the 1980s) of central government control of the economy, Mozambique has initiated rapid reforms in recent years, accelerating the implementation of market-based economic policies, and

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and socialist world powers, and though there was never an outright military conflict between the former and the latter, each respectively funded counterinsurgency movements against governments they disfavored. The capitalist governments of South Africa and Zimbabwe feared that a successfully ruled

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that raged in the various Portuguese African territories since the early 1960s ended. At independence, Mozambique's industrial base was well-developed by Sub-Saharan Africa standards, thanks to a boom in investment in the 1960s and early 1970s. Indeed, in 1973, value-added in manufacturing was the

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aluminium smelter which was approved in mid-2001. The country's largest ever foreign investment, Mozal has little impact on employment, but is making a substantial contribution to balance of payments through taxes generated. Exports generated in the first quarter of 2001 were worth US$ 85.3, the

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The government's tight control of spending and the money supply, combined with financial sector reform, successfully reduced inflation from 70% in 1994 to less than 5% from 1998 to 1999. Rates spiked in 2000, however, to a rate of 12.7% due to economic disruptions stemming from the devastating

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and successful economic reform have led to a high natural increase rate: the average growth rate from 1993 to 1999 was 6.7%; from 1997 to 1999, it averaged more than 10% per year. The devastating floods of early 2000 slowed GDP growth to a 2.1%; estimates point to a full recovery in 2001. The

1209:. By the mid-1920s, the Portuguese created a highly exploitative and coercive settler economy, in which African natives were forced to work on the fertile lands taken over by Portuguese settlers. Indigenous African peasants mainly produced cash crops designated for sale in the markets of 1786:

Although very well developed during the 1960s and early 1970s, industrialisation declined rapidly with the withdrawal of most Portuguese after independence. Since 1995 production has increased sharply and was expected to grow by 33% in 2001 due to the expansion (costing US$ 860m) of the

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country a major net exporter for the first time since independence. All the plantations and refineries have been privatized. Marine products, particularly prawns, are Mozambique's largest single export. There is an abundance of marine resources that are not fully exploited. After the

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primary factor for the 172% expansion in Mozambique's exports for the period. Completion of the smelter resulted in aluminium accounting for up to 70% of exports. Construction materials, agricultural processing, beverages, and consumer goods were the main sub-sectors.

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The discoveries have driven billions of dollars in annual investment to the region. According to BMI estimates, the finds in the last few years are more than that of any other region in the world, and the discoveries are expected to continue for the next few years.

1161:(total) colonial dominance over the entire territory that now comprises Mozambique until the 19th century. Portugal founded settlements, trading posts, forts and ports. Cities, towns and villages were founded all over the territory by the Portuguese, like 2462:

industry. The lifting of protectionist measures for the cashew industry in Mozambique was an attempt to increase the incomes of cashew farmers and reduce poverty in the country. This policy of liberalization has been one of the most contentious policies.

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government projects have caused the economy to continue to expand between 7%-10% a year for the next 5 years, although rapid expansion in the future hinges on several major foreign investment projects, continued economic reform, and the revival of the

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and other African countries. The strong industrial and agricultural development that did occur throughout the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s was based on Portuguese development plans, and also included British and South African investment.

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The political pressure of the ideologically charged civil war, in conjunction with the excruciating need for aid and funds to finance imports, compelled FRELIMO to negotiate its first structural adjustment package (SAP) with the

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in 2009, while commerce and services accounted for 44.9 percent. By contrast, 20 percent of the total export value in 2009 originated from the agriculture sector, mostly through the export of fish (mainly shrimps and prawns),

1804:, but has been developed, although it is still performing well below potential. The national strategy is to promote high-value, low-volume tourism. The first section of the "Peace Park" initiative which links with 1349:

citizens during and after the independence process which was concluded on June 25, 1975. The rapid exodus of Mozambique's Portuguese population left its economy in disarray. The situation was exacerbated by the

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members agreeing in November 2001 to substantially reduce the remaining bilateral debt. This will lead to the complete forgiveness of a considerable volume of bilateral debt, including that owed to the

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balance of payments shortfalls. The medium-term outlook for exports is encouraging, since a number of foreign investment projects should lead to substantial export growth and a better trade balance.

1843:) in 2009. Further improvements can be expected from the ongoing rollout of 3G mobile services and a national fibre backbone network as well as the landing of the second international fibre ( 1274:

was mined; the industry was chiefly financed by Belgian capital. 60% of the capital of the Compagnie de Charbons de Mozambique was held by the Societe Miniere et Geologique Belge, 30% by the

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in major cities. The process of liberalization in Mozambique was an initiative from the World Bank. In the Mid 1990s, the World Bank made it necessary for the country to liberalize its

2508:. Most of these industries are being rehabilitated. Mozambique is becoming less dependent on imports for basic food and manufactured goods due to steady increases in local production. 3510: 2904: 1301:

of the Portuguese mainland). Nine out of the twenty-three insurance companies were Portuguese. 80% of life-insurance was in the hands of foreign companies which testifies the

2454:; financial sector strengthening; continued civil service reform; improved government budget, audit, and inspection capability; and introduction of the private management of 3748: 1847:) in 2010. The lower cost of bandwidth has already started to trickle down to lower consumer prices in some service segments, while others have remained unchanged. 1579:, the return of internally displaced persons and the gradual restoration of rural markets have enabled Mozambique to increase agricultural production dramatically. 1888:(HIPC) Initiative. In April 2000, Mozambique qualified for the Enhanced HIPC program as well and attained its completion point in September 2001. This led to the 1362: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3340: 1566:

Rural women taking transport to a local market in Mozambique. A large portion of the populations relies on small-scale agriculture and related marketplace for

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Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Food Program (WFP). Special Report Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission to Mozambique, 12 August 2010

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African socialist system might send a message of revolution and self-rule to citizens in contemporaneous majority rule African countries, such as their own.

2476:, a large aluminum smelter that commenced production in mid-2000, has greatly expanded the nation's trade volume. Traditional Mozambican exports include 2387:

sectors. More than 75% of the population engages in small scale agriculture, which still suffers from inadequate infrastructure, commercial networks and

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was brought to single digits during the late 1990s, although it returned to double digits in 2000–02. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a

1354:(1977–1992) during the following years that destroyed the remaining wealth and left the former Portuguese Overseas Province in a state of disrepair. 3853: 5098: 4868: 4040: 3365: 3232: 3198: 3377: 3718: 3254: 1514:

is the mainstay of the economy and the country has a great potential for growth in the sector. Agriculture employs more than 80 percent of the

17: 2391:. Yet 88% of Mozambique's arable land is still uncultivated; focusing economic growth in this sector is a major challenge for the government. 3626: 2884: 388: 373: 4415: 2933: 1839:

wireless broadband and mobile data services, and then the landing of the first international submarine fibre optic cable in the country (

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continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists. However, the opening of the

3662: 3173: 1390:) against a counterinsurgency movement of Mozambicans named RENAMO, funded and directed by the neighboring white minority states of 1098:

smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date, has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in

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duties have been reduced, and customs management has been streamlined and reformed. The government introduced a highly successful

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There are large mineral deposits, but exploration has been constrained by the civil war (1977–1992) and poor infrastructure. The

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in Lisbon had no wish to maintain an empire and negotiations on the country's independence began immediately. In 1975, after the

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2003 - 5.2%; 2004 - 7.5%; 2005 - 7.6%; 2006 - 11.8%; 2007 - 7.4%; 2008 - 8.4%; 2009 - 4.2%; 2010 - 10.0%; 2011 - 11.1%

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in 1999 as part of its efforts to increase domestic revenues. Plans for 2001-02 include Commercial Code reform; comprehensive

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extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial

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sixth highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, further industrialisation was stopped by the hasty exodus of 90 percent of the

1880:: at the end of the civil war in 1992, Mozambique ranked among the poorest countries in the world. It still ranks among the 4873: 4045: 3076: 3044: 947: 3529: 3515: 3147: 3065: 4530: 3733: 147: 4653: 991: 3344: 1197:. By this time, Mozambique had become a Portuguese colony, but administration was left to the trading companies (like 4075: 3589: 3000: 78: 56: 1860:, owning 100% of the bank and turning it into the country's development bank and nominated a former Governor of the 49: 4405: 3738: 1821: 856: 1370:

Mozambique became an independent state in 1975. The exodus of trained Portuguese workers and the eruption of the

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has been extensive. Over 1,200 state-owned enterprises (mostly small) have been privatized. Preparations for

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dam by the Portuguese, which started to fill in December 1974 after construction was commenced in 1969.

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In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual

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to the vast majority of over 23 million inhabitants. Agriculture contributed 31.5 percent of the

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and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities.

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In the face of intransigent Portuguese ruling authorities, the main nationalist movement,

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machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles

1751: 1562: 1114:(HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. Mozambique is a 5150: 5141: 5132: 5063: 5033: 5018: 5003: 4993: 4983: 4948: 4943: 4893: 4838: 4813: 4698: 4648: 4638: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4603: 4593: 4588: 4555: 4545: 4525: 4510: 4430: 4340: 4315: 4305: 4290: 4235: 4230: 4185: 4165: 4125: 4080: 3990: 3985: 3960: 3935: 3925: 3905: 3900: 2423: 1861: 1275: 1198: 118: 3859: 5073: 5068: 5008: 4963: 4923: 4818: 4799: 4718: 4688: 4663: 4643: 4633: 4608: 4565: 4520: 4515: 4480: 4400: 4395: 4365: 4350: 4285: 4255: 4215: 4195: 4180: 4145: 4135: 4005: 3975: 3970: 3950: 3910: 3677: 3303:

United Nations Development Program (UNDP). International Human Development Indicators

1346: 1306: 1166: 1150: 452: 341: 301: 2438:. The government frequently selects a strategic foreign investor when privatizing a 5128: 5048: 4998: 4953: 4938: 4918: 4908: 4883: 4823: 4713: 4678: 4658: 4560: 4500: 4420: 4390: 4335: 4320: 4245: 4205: 4190: 4170: 4150: 4120: 4105: 4085: 4030: 4025: 3955: 3672: 1865: 1754:

which are vulnerable to natural disasters, exacerbating food insecurity challenges.

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Recent oil and gas discoveries across East Africa, most notably in Mozambique and

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GDP per capita (current), compared to neighbouring countries (world average = 100)

5058: 4968: 4858: 4495: 4380: 4355: 4270: 4225: 4100: 4060: 4020: 3728: 3505: 3321:

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Nutrition Country Profile for Mozambique

2451: 2447: 2411: 1077: 492: 307: 4752: 1182: 4742: 3874: 3631: 3001:"Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges" 2435: 2380: 1202: 1174: 1119: 842: 679: 581: 2854:

meticais (MZM) per US dollar - 24.125 (2008 est.), 26.264 (2007), 25.4 (2006)

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came to an end in 1974 following a leftist military coup in Portugal. The new

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Despite good land and water availability, much of the food system relies on

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Illegal exports from artisanal production are estimated at US$ 50 million.

1608: 1515: 1489: 1394: 1314: 1302: 1266:. The expanding economy of the Portuguese overseas province was fuelled by 1229:. This arrangement ended in 1932 after the takeover in Portugal by the new 1103: 786: 609: 3478: 3341:"The economic rise of Mozambique - Counting the Cost - al Jazeera English" 3292: 3879: 3864: 2836:

South Africa 36.8%, China 7%, UAE 6.8%, India 6.2%, Portugal 4.4% (2017)

2427: 2376: 1805: 1706: 1692: 1657: 1511: 1439: 1185:. Others were expanded and developed greatly under Portuguese rule, like 1178: 1154: 1012: 800: 623: 534: 295: 171: 127: 106: 1340:

regime which had governed the country and its overseas territories, the

3011: 2941: 2746: 2742: 2622: 2439: 2388: 1889: 1809: 1770: 1519: 1415: 1406: 1278:, and the remaining 10% by the governing authorities of the territory. 1247: 1134:

Historical development of real GDP per capita in Mozambique, since 1960

1060: 460: 159: 2774: 2638: 2634: 2618: 2485: 1900:

The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.

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Bank of Mozambique - the central bank - w/ English language pagelink

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floods. Starting 2001 the inflation was in the range of 5% and 12%.

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In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China

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in Zimbabwe, was a project aimed at the development of tourism.

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has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the

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Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu

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It is estimated that 64 percent of Mozambique's population is

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The L-shaped recovery with low oil prices in the coming years.

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FAO Statistic Yearbook 2010 – Resources, retrieved 9 May 2011

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agriculture 74.4%, industry 3.9%, services 21.7% (2017 est.)

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that the first nationalist guerrilla groups began to form in

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and/or sector liberalization are underway for the remaining

1484:, have seen the region emerge as a new player in the global 3396: 2778: 2626: 1832: 1650: 1458:, although they are still performing well below potential. 1271: 1226: 763: 739: 530: 464: 448: 3542: 2818:

India 28.1%, Netherlands 24.4%, South Africa 16.7% (2017)

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in 1975, but picked up in the 2000s after the end of the

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purchasing power parity - $ 39.16 billion (2018 est.)

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Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

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U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets/Background Notes

1800:

This sector declined sharply after independence from

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as early as the 16th century, they did not establish

3123:"Foreign import trade partners of Mozambique (2022)" 3098:"Foreign export trade partners of Mozambique (2022)" 3066:"Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)" 2555:

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

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Officially the Republic of China, participates as "

3225:"Is East Africa's gas asset boom about to go bust?" 1068:as of 2018, and has developed since the end of the 3312:The World Bank. Mozambique at a glance, 2/25/2011. 1334:leftist military coup of 24 April 1974 in Portugal 5194: 2531:purchasing power parity - $ 1,327.9 (2018 est.) 1731:Food security, vulnerability and risk management 1242:In 1959–60, Mozambique's major exports included 2972:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019" 2696:14,390 bbl/d (2,288 m/d) (2006 est.) 4784: 4579: 3597: 3525:Mozambique latest trade data on ITC Trade Map 2905:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019" 2885:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 1758: 3611: 3449:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 3255:"Africa's exports by region | Bright Africa" 3172:Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (15 April 2011). 3171: 2702:0 bbl (0 m) (1 January 2006 est.) 2466: 2406: 1045:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in 109:, capital and financial center of Mozambique 3217: 3167: 3165: 2570:Distribution of family income - Gini index: 1450:, declined sharply after independence from 4791: 4777: 3604: 3590: 3538:Chamber of Commerce of Portugal-Mozambique 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2732:2.832 trillion cu m (1 January 2017 est.) 5213:World Trade Organization member economies 2993: 1357: 1205:) who had received long-term leases from 79:Learn how and when to remove this message 3509:) is being considered for deletion. See 3162: 2842:$ 10.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.) 1561: 1465: 1361: 1153:participated in the trading networks of 1129: 42:This article includes a list of general 2955: 2934:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups" 1871: 1461: 14: 5195: 3699:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 3366:- Mozambican state owns 100 pct of BNI 3127:The Observatory of Economic Complexity 3102:The Observatory of Economic Complexity 3074:HDRO (Human Development Report Office) 3042:HDRO (Human Development Report Office) 1138: 1038:$ 2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.) 4798: 4772: 3585: 3293:Mozambique production in 2018, by FAO 2875:List of companies based in Mozambique 1660:(11th largest producer in the world); 219:$ 14.396 billion (nominal, 2018 est.) 3077:United Nations Development Programme 3045:United Nations Development Programme 2365: 1815: 1590:(9th largest producer in the world); 1291:Banco Totta e Standard de Moçambique 28: 3709:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 2812:, citrus, timber; bulk electricity 1281:Three banks were in operation, the 250:2.0% (2019e) 3.7% (2020f) 24: 3378:"- TBY interview Adriano Maleiane" 2664:Industrial production growth rate: 1434:All economic sectors ranging from 48:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 5224: 4745:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. 3719:Trade-Related Investment Measures 3513:to help reach a consensus. › 3492: 2576:Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1500:Agriculture, fishing and forestry 1405:was defined by animosity between 247:3.7% (2017) 3.4% (2018) 5099:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 4869:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4751: 4041:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3569: 3557: 3472: This article incorporates 3467: 3429: 2394: 1822:Telecommunications in Mozambique 1781: 1736:This section is an excerpt from 1034: 1033: 905: 891: 877: 863: 849: 835: 821: 807: 793: 779: 725: 724: 700: 686: 672: 658: 644: 630: 616: 602: 588: 574: 512: 511: 380: 379: 363: 275: 274: 267: 266: 223: 222: 215: 214: 100: 33: 3441: 3370: 3359: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 3286: 3277: 3247: 3191: 3034:"Human Development Index (HDI)" 2714:1.895 billion cu m (2015 est.) 2708:5.695 billion cu m (2015 est.) 1112:Heavily Indebted Poor Countries 5208:African Union member economies 4416:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 3140: 3115: 3090: 3058: 3026: 2926: 2897: 2848:1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos 2769:, citrus and tropical fruits; 2730:Natural gas - proved reserves: 2690:10.55 billion kWh (2015 est.) 2684:12.88 billion kWh (2015 est.) 2678:13.86 billion kWh (2015 est.) 2672:19.58 billion kWh (2015 est.) 1858:Banco Nacional de Investimento 1829:Telecomunicações de Moçambique 1765:Mineral industry of Mozambique 1582:Mozambique produced, in 2018: 1326:Mozambican War of Independence 364: 18:Economic history of Mozambique 13: 1: 3498: 2890: 2720:3.8 billion cu m (2015 est.) 2511: 1886:Heavily Indebted Poor Country 3203:International Business Times 2880:Transportation in Mozambique 2824:$ 5.021 billion (2017 est.) 2790:$ 4.773 billion (2017 est.) 2611:$ 3.607 billion (2017 est.) 2606:$ 2.758 billion (2017 est.) 2588:Labor force - by occupation: 2535:GDP - composition by sector: 1213:. Major cash crops included 7: 3714:Technical Barriers to Trade 3008:openknowledge.worldbank.org 2980:International Monetary Fund 2913:International Monetary Fund 2863: 1738:Food security in Mozambique 1420:International Monetary Fund 1289:, D.C.O., British, and the 1231:António de Oliveira Salazar 1108:International Monetary Fund 985:$ 4.904 billion (2012 est.) 977:$ 4.315 billion (2012 est.) 10: 5229: 3642:International Trade Centre 3530:MBendi Mozambique overview 3419:. U.S. Department of State 2938:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org 2712:Natural gas - consumption: 2676:Electricity - consumption: 2584:12.98 million (2017 est.) 1850: 1819: 1795: 1762: 1759:Mining and semi-processing 1735: 1503: 1429: 1283:Banco Nacional Ultramarino 1142: 1125: 936:$ 7.79 billion (2014 est.) 410:Labour force by occupation 271:$ 475 (nominal, 2018 est.) 5112: 5087: 4806: 4731: 3888: 3842: 3762: 3691: 3655: 3619: 2706:Natural gas - production: 2670:Electricity - production: 2467:Improving trade imbalance 2407:Extensive economic reform 1882:least developed countries 1778:Russia, Iran, and Qatar. 1506:Agriculture of Mozambique 1293:(a joint-venture between 1268:foreign direct investment 1042: 1023: 989: 981: 973: 959: 945: 940: 925: 769: 733: 720: 564: 520: 507: 502: 438: 430: 408: 398: 352: 337: 320: 286: 257: 238: 205: 200: 177: 137: 125: 114: 99: 4854:Central African Republic 4016:Central African Republic 3647:Chronology of key events 3627:Accession and membership 3613:World Trade Organization 3511:templates for discussion 3148:"Sovereigns rating list" 1299:Banco Totta & Açores 969:-4.0% of GDP (2012 est.) 955:34.6% of GDP (2012 est.) 404:10.1 million (2012 est.) 279:$ 1,292 (PPP, 2018 est.) 152:African Development Bank 3637:Dispute Settlement Body 3150:. Standard & Poor's 2870:Economy of South Africa 2736:Agriculture - products: 2523:GDP - real growth rate: 1303:openness of the economy 1116:least developed country 1089:Subsistence agriculture 1064:is $ 14.396 billion by 1008:B+ (T&C Assessment) 355:Human Development Index 63:more precise citations. 3739:Information Technology 3734:Government Procurement 3668:Doha Development Round 3576:Business and economics 3474:public domain material 2828:Imports - commodities: 2794:Exports - commodities: 2724:Natural gas - imports: 2718:Natural gas - exports: 2700:Oil - proved reserves: 2688:Electricity - imports: 2682:Electricity - exports: 1928:(in bil. US$ nominal) 1571: 1477: 1475:RisCura: Bright Africa 1367: 1358:Independent Mozambique 1145:Portuguese East Africa 1135: 1066:gross domestic product 5203:Economy of Mozambique 5014:São Tomé and Príncipe 4874:Republic of the Congo 4046:Republic of the Congo 3870:Supachai Panitchpakdi 3516:Economy of Mozambique 1808:in South Africa, and 1663:107 thousand tons of 1656:108 thousand tons of 1649:134 thousand tons of 1642:138 thousand tons of 1635:227 thousand tons of 1628:273 thousand tons of 1621:343 thousand tons of 1614:578 thousand tons of 1607:625 thousand tons of 1565: 1469: 1365: 1133: 1000:Standard & Poor's 729:$ 23.1 billion (2022) 516:$ 11.7 billion (2022) 4531:United Arab Emirates 3413:"Mozambique (07/02)" 2370:The resettlement of 1872:Macroeconomic review 1719:48 thousand tons of 1712:50 thousand tons of 1705:65 thousand tons of 1698:66 thousand tons of 1691:85 thousand tons of 1684:89 thousand tons of 1677:90 thousand tons of 1670:93 thousand tons of 1600:1.6 million tons of 1586:8.5 million tons of 1577:Mozambican Civil War 1462:Gas and oil reserves 1456:Mozambican Civil War 1388:Mozambican Civil War 1384:centralized planning 1372:Mozambican Civil War 1352:Mozambican Civil War 1330:left-wing government 1297:of South Africa and 1070:Mozambican Civil War 913:United Arab Emirates 771:Main import partners 652:United Arab Emirates 566:Main export partners 5089:States with limited 4506:Trinidad and Tobago 4406:St. Kitts and Nevis 3916:Antigua and Barbuda 3850:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 3744:Marrakesh Agreement 3384:on 27 February 2015 3265:on 25 February 2016 2834:Imports - partners: 2816:Exports - partners: 2726:0 cu m (2013 est.) 1752:smallholder farmers 1336:that overthrew the 1139:The Portuguese rule 139:Trade organisations 96: 4800:Economy of Africa 4076:Dominican Republic 3480:The World Factbook 3235:on 20 October 2015 3205:. 4 September 2014 2694:Oil - consumption: 2666:10.5% (2017 est.) 2639:petroleum products 2596:24.5% (2017 est.) 2594:Unemployment rate: 2578:15.3% (2017 est.) 2551:54.7% (2017 est.) 2541:22.3% (2017 est.) 2424:telecommunications 1912:(in bil. US$ PPP) 1862:Bank of Mozambique 1593:3 million tons of 1572: 1478: 1368: 1276:Mozambique Company 1199:Mozambique Company 1136: 453:petroleum products 227:$ 39.183 billion ( 192:Low-income economy 119:Mozambican metical 91: 5190: 5189: 5116:other territories 4889:Equatorial Guinea 4766: 4765: 4727: 4726: 3724:Trade in Services 3678:Quota Elimination 3347:on 20 August 2012 2617:food, beverages, 2529:GDP - per capita: 2434:, ports, and the 2430:, water service, 2366:Rebounding growth 2363: 2362: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1816:Telecommunication 1374:in 1977 opposing 1347:ethnic Portuguese 1055: 1054: 339:Population below 89: 88: 81: 16:(Redirected from 5220: 5177: 5176:(United Kingdom) 5172:Tristan da Cunha 5168:Ascension Island 5160: 5147: 5138: 5114:Dependencies and 4807:Sovereign states 4793: 4786: 4779: 4770: 4769: 4758:World portal 4756: 4755: 4577: 4576: 4371:Papua New Guinea 3854:Director-General 3749:Doha Declaration 3673:Singapore issues 3606: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3574: 3573: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3553: 3536: 3488: 3471: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3380:. Archived from 3374: 3368: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3343:. Archived from 3337: 3331: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3261:. Archived from 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3231:. Archived from 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3005: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2968: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2901: 2840:Debt - external: 2546:23% (2017 est.) 2442:. Additionally, 1927: 1919: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1866:Adriano Maleiane 1835:, cable modems, 1570:and livelihoods. 1309:, to distribute 1163:Lourenço Marques 1037: 1036: 1028: 1027:Foreign reserves 994: 964: 950: 931: 911: 909: 908: 897: 895: 894: 883: 881: 880: 869: 867: 866: 855: 853: 852: 841: 839: 838: 827: 825: 824: 813: 811: 810: 799: 797: 796: 785: 783: 782: 728: 727: 706: 704: 703: 692: 690: 689: 678: 676: 675: 664: 662: 661: 650: 648: 647: 636: 634: 633: 622: 620: 619: 608: 606: 605: 594: 592: 591: 580: 578: 577: 515: 514: 417:agriculture: 77% 387: 383: 382: 371: 367: 366: 344: 278: 277: 270: 269: 226: 225: 218: 217: 104: 97: 95: 90: 84: 77: 73: 70: 64: 59:this article by 50:inline citations 37: 36: 29: 21: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5175: 5158: 5145: 5136: 5117: 5115: 5108: 5092: 5090: 5083: 4802: 4797: 4767: 4762: 4750: 4723: 4575: 4451:Solomon Islands 4346:North Macedonia 3884: 3860:Roberto Azevêdo 3838: 3765: 3758: 3687: 3651: 3615: 3610: 3580: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3535:(in Portuguese) 3534: 3514: 3495: 3477: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3430: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3259:www.riscura.com 3253: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3182: 3180: 3170: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2970: 2969: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2866: 2852:Exchange rates: 2607: 2602: 2562: 2557: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2525:3% (2017 est.) 2514: 2469: 2452:judicial reform 2448:value-added tax 2412:Economic reform 2409: 2397: 2368: 1944: 1943:Government debt 1939: 1934: 1917:GDP per capita 1874: 1853: 1824: 1818: 1798: 1784: 1767: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1741: 1733: 1510:In Mozambique, 1508: 1502: 1464: 1432: 1360: 1147: 1141: 1128: 1078:value-added tax 1051: 1030: 1026: 1019:Outlook: Stable 1018: 1016: 1011: 1010:Outlook: Stable 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 996: 992: 966: 962: 952: 949:Government debt 948: 941:Public finances 933: 929: 921: 906: 904: 892: 890: 878: 876: 864: 862: 850: 848: 836: 834: 822: 820: 808: 806: 794: 792: 780: 778: 772: 736: 716: 701: 699: 687: 685: 673: 671: 659: 657: 645: 643: 631: 629: 617: 615: 603: 601: 589: 587: 575: 573: 567: 523: 493:food processing 441: 440:Main industries 434:17% (2007 est.) 426: 423:Tertiary sector 411: 401: 394: 385: 369: 357: 348:52% (2009 est.) 345: 340: 330: 316: 289: 282: 260: 253: 241: 234: 196: 187:Least Developed 180: 140: 130: 110: 93: 85: 74: 68: 65: 55:Please help to 54: 38: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5226: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181:Western Sahara 5178: 5161: 5148: 5139: 5125:Canary Islands 5121: 5120: 5118: 5113: 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4247: 4244: 4242: 4241:Liechtenstein 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141:Guinea-Bissau 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3845: 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3143: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3014:. p. 147 3013: 3009: 3002: 2996: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2610: 2609:expenditures: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566:36.7% (2008) 2565: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2507: 2506:citrus fruits 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2456:water systems 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416:privatization 2413: 2404: 2401: 2395:Low inflation 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1940:(in Percent) 1937: 1932: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1920:(in US$ PPP) 1916: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1895:United States 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1790: 1782:Manufacturing 1779: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1746:food insecure 1739: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1569: 1568:food security 1564: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1518:and provides 1517: 1513: 1507: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436:manufacturing 1427: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1342:colonial wars 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:Standard Bank 1292: 1288: 1287:Barclays Bank 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149:Although the 1146: 1132: 1123: 1121: 1118:according to 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1050: 1048: 1041: 1032: 1029: 1022: 1014: 1004:B+ (Domestic) 1001: 998: 995: 993:Credit rating 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 965: 958: 954: 951: 944: 939: 935: 932: 930:external debt 924: 917: 914: 903: 900: 889: 886: 875: 872: 861: 858: 847: 844: 833: 830: 819: 816: 805: 802: 791: 788: 777: 776: 774: 768: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 738: 732: 723: 719: 712: 709: 708:United States 698: 695: 684: 681: 670: 667: 656: 653: 642: 639: 628: 625: 614: 611: 600: 597: 586: 583: 572: 571: 569: 563: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 525: 519: 510: 506: 501: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 437: 433: 429: 422: 419: 416: 415: 413: 407: 403: 397: 390: 378: 375: 362: 361: 359: 356: 351: 347: 343: 336: 333:3.911% (2018) 332: 328: 324: 319: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 294: 293: 291: 288:GDP by sector 285: 273: 265: 264: 262: 256: 249: 246: 245: 243: 237: 230: 221: 213: 212: 210: 208: 204: 199: 193: 190: 188: 185: 184: 182: 179:Country group 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 136: 133:Calendar Year 132: 129: 124: 120: 117: 113: 108: 103: 98: 83: 80: 72: 62: 58: 52: 51: 45: 40: 31: 30: 27: 19: 5164:Saint Helena 5135: 5039:South Africa 5029:Sierra Leone 4988: 4834:Burkina Faso 4749: 4748: 4456:South Africa 4441:Sierra Leone 4426:Saudi Arabia 4310: 3981:Burkina Faso 3754:Bali Package 3683:Peace Clause 3504: 3479: 3452:. 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Retrieved 2908: 2899: 2858:Fiscal year: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2662: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2582:Labor force: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2572:47.3 (2002) 2569: 2568: 2564:highest 10%: 2563: 2561:1.9% (2008) 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2539:agriculture: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2470: 2422:, including 2410: 2402: 2398: 2372:war refugees 2369: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1899: 1876:Alleviating 1875: 1854: 1825: 1799: 1785: 1776: 1768: 1743: 1726: 1609:sweet potato 1581: 1573: 1516:labour force 1509: 1494: 1490:gas Industry 1479: 1470: 1433: 1424: 1412: 1395:South Africa 1369: 1319: 1315:Cahora Bassa 1290: 1280: 1241: 1183:Porto Amélia 1148: 1104:foreign debt 1082: 1058: 1056: 1044: 1006:B+ (Foreign) 787:South Africa 735:Import goods 610:South Africa 522:Export goods 431:Unemployment 420:industry: 8% 400:Labour force 342:poverty line 231:, 2018 est.) 75: 66: 47: 26: 5091:recognition 5044:South Sudan 4934:Ivory Coast 4684:Netherlands 4471:Switzerland 4386:Philippines 4326:New Zealand 4211:South Korea 4091:El Salvador 4056:Ivory Coast 3896:Afghanistan 3880:Rufus Yerxa 3865:Pascal Lamy 3834:13th (2024) 3829:12th (2022) 3824:11th (2017) 3819:10th (2015) 3766:Conferences 3764:Ministerial 3704:Agriculture 3499:‹ The 3269:18 February 3239:18 February 3209:18 February 3082:22 November 3050:22 November 2743:cashew nuts 2615:Industries: 2559:lowest 10%: 2428:electricity 2420:parastatals 2377:agriculture 1806:Kruger Park 1707:sesame seed 1693:castor bean 1658:cashew nuts 1520:livelihoods 1512:agriculture 1440:agriculture 1338:Estado Novo 1248:cashew nuts 1179:Vila Cabral 1155:East Africa 1059:economy of 801:South Korea 624:South Korea 535:electricity 313:(2012 est.) 296:agriculture 172:Group of 77 128:Fiscal year 107:Maputo City 92:Economy of 69:August 2010 61:introducing 5197:Categories 5146:(Portugal) 5104:Somaliland 5024:Seychelles 4989:Mozambique 4974:Mauritania 4959:Madagascar 4914:The Gambia 4849:Cape Verde 4674:Luxembourg 4476:Tajikistan 4436:Seychelles 4311:Mozambique 4301:Montenegro 4276:Mauritania 4251:Madagascar 4221:Kyrgyzstan 4201:Kazakhstan 4111:The Gambia 4051:Costa Rica 4011:Cape Verde 3941:Bangladesh 3814:9th (2013) 3809:8th (2011) 3804:7th (2009) 3799:6th (2005) 3794:5th (2003) 3789:4th (2001) 3784:3rd (1999) 3779:2nd (1998) 3774:1st (1996) 3692:Agreements 3018:22 January 3012:World Bank 2985:23 January 2942:World Bank 2891:References 2796:aluminum, 2775:sunflowers 2747:sugar cane 2623:fertilizer 2512:Statistics 2440:parastatal 2389:investment 1933:GDP growth 1890:Paris Club 1810:Gonarezhou 1771:World Bank 1416:World Bank 1407:capitalist 1151:Portuguese 1143:See also: 1061:Mozambique 1047:US dollars 758:products, 461:fertilizer 240:GDP growth 201:Statistics 160:World Bank 150:(signed), 94:Mozambique 44:references 4979:Mauritius 4669:Lithuania 4551:Venezuela 4461:Sri Lanka 4446:Singapore 4411:St. Lucia 4331:Nicaragua 4281:Mauritius 4176:Indonesia 4161:Hong Kong 4131:Guatemala 3931:Australia 3921:Argentina 3663:Criticism 3454:27 August 3351:19 August 2846:Currency: 2635:aluminium 2619:chemicals 2604:revenues: 2549:services: 2544:industry: 2436:railroads 1938:Inflation 1700:pineapple 1595:sugarcane 1539:nuts and 1392:apartheid 1311:Coca-Cola 1187:Quelimane 1171:Vila Pery 1159:hegemonic 1096:aluminium 1074:Inflation 899:Australia 871:Singapore 748:machinery 744:chemicals 666:Singapore 497:beverages 457:chemicals 323:Inflation 5170: / 5166: / 5159:(France) 5153: / 5131: / 5127: / 5079:Zimbabwe 5054:Tanzania 4904:Ethiopia 4899:Eswatini 4879:Djibouti 4844:Cameroon 4829:Botswana 4709:Slovenia 4704:Slovakia 4694:Portugal 4599:Bulgaria 4571:Zimbabwe 4491:Thailand 4486:Tanzania 4466:Suriname 4376:Paraguay 4361:Pakistan 4296:Mongolia 4266:Maldives 4261:Malaysia 4156:Honduras 4096:Eswatini 4071:Dominica 4066:Djibouti 4036:Colombia 4001:Cameroon 3996:Cambodia 3966:Botswana 3946:Barbados 3501:template 3388:30 April 2864:See also 2822:Imports: 2788:Exports: 2771:potatoes 2763:coconuts 2655:asbestos 2643:textiles 2432:airports 1868:as CEO. 1802:Portugal 1623:tomatoes 1549:coconuts 1482:Tanzania 1473:Source: 1452:Portugal 1418:and the 1403:Cold War 1399:Rhodesia 1307:mainland 1236:Tanzania 1211:Portugal 1100:titanium 982:Expenses 974:Revenues 885:Malaysia 857:DR Congo 760:textiles 752:vehicles 694:Zimbabwe 527:aluminum 503:External 485:textiles 477:asbestos 445:aluminum 372:(2021) ( 308:services 302:industry 115:Currency 5155:Réunion 5151:Mayotte 5142:Madeira 5137:(Spain) 5133:Melilla 5064:Tunisia 5034:Somalia 5019:Senegal 5004:Nigeria 4994:Namibia 4984:Morocco 4949:Liberia 4944:Lesotho 4894:Eritrea 4864:Comoros 4839:Burundi 4814:Algeria 4699:Romania 4654:Ireland 4649:Hungary 4639:Germany 4629:Finland 4624:Estonia 4619:Denmark 4604:Croatia 4594:Belgium 4589:Austria 4556:Vietnam 4546:Uruguay 4526:Ukraine 4511:Tunisia 4431:Senegal 4341:Nigeria 4316:Namibia 4306:Morocco 4291:Moldova 4236:Liberia 4231:Lesotho 4186:Jamaica 4166:Iceland 4126:Grenada 4116:Georgia 4081:Ecuador 3991:Burundi 3986:Myanmar 3961:Bolivia 3936:Bahrain 3926:Armenia 3906:Algeria 3901:Albania 3889:Members 3550:Portals 3503:below ( 3229:Mineweb 2976:IMF.org 2909:IMF.org 2802:cashews 2783:poultry 2759:tapioca 2755:cassava 2659:tobacco 2600:Budget: 2478:cashews 2444:customs 2385:tourism 1935:(real) 1878:poverty 1851:Finance 1827:telco, 1796:Tourism 1679:sorghum 1672:tobacco 1637:coconut 1588:cassava 1557:tobacco 1448:finance 1444:tourism 1430:Sectors 1380:FRELIMO 1322:FRELIMO 1219:cashews 1191:Nampula 1126:History 721:Imports 551:cashews 533:, bulk 508:Exports 489:tobacco 310:: 46.5% 304:: 23.9% 298:: 29.5% 57:improve 5174: 5157: 5144: 5074:Zambia 5069:Uganda 5009:Rwanda 4964:Malawi 4924:Guinea 4819:Angola 4719:Sweden 4689:Poland 4664:Latvia 4644:Greece 4634:France 4609:Cyprus 4566:Zambia 4521:Uganda 4516:Turkey 4481:Taiwan 4401:Rwanda 4396:Russia 4366:Panama 4351:Norway 4286:Mexico 4256:Malawi 4216:Kuwait 4196:Jordan 4181:Israel 4146:Guyana 4136:Guinea 4006:Canada 3976:Brunei 3971:Brazil 3951:Belize 3911:Angola 3843:People 3656:Issues 3620:System 3564:Africa 3520:Curlie 3506:Curlie 3423:1 July 3183:31 May 3154:26 May 2806:cotton 2798:prawns 2739:cotton 2647:cement 2631:paints 2504:, and 2498:cotton 2482:shrimp 2460:cashew 2383:, and 2356:15.3% 2347:1,244 2344:36.73 2333:19.2% 2324:1,219 2321:35.05 2301:1,192 2298:33.35 2278:1,136 2275:30.96 2255:1,069 2252:28.30 2232:1,010 2229:26.00 2218:10.4% 2206:23.81 2195:12.7% 2183:21.78 2160:20.17 2149:10.3% 2137:18.82 2114:17.27 2103:13.2% 2091:15.66 2068:13.83 2057:12.7% 2034:47.7% 2011:43.7% 1988:30.8% 1841:SEACOM 1721:cotton 1686:cowpea 1665:peanut 1630:potato 1616:banana 1545:cotton 1541:citrus 1537:cashew 1529:timber 1401:. 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