25:
102:
941:, i.e. inter-site recycling that helps to reduce the consumption of resources via increasing efficiency (i.e. pollution prevention, waste reduction), typically by taking externalities from one economic production process and using them as raw material inputs for another (Christoff, 1996). Ecological modernization also relies on product life-cycle assessment and the analysis of materials and energy flows. In this context, ecological modernization promotes 'cradle to cradle' manufacturing (
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2969:
871:
There are different understandings of the scope of ecological modernization - whether it is just about techno-industrial progress and related aspects of policy and economy, and to what extent it also includes cultural aspects (ecological modernization of mind, value orientations, attitudes, behaviour
1017:, community groups, businesses, and other stakeholders increasingly take on direct and leadership roles in stimulating environmental transformation. Political modernization of this sort requires certain supporting norms and institutions such as a free, independent, or at least critical press, basic
1004:
corporations in
Germany are required to accept back cars they manufactured once those vehicles have reached the end of their product lifespan); and in some cases as an institution that is incapable of addressing critical local, national, and global environmental problems. In the latter case,
887:
Ultimately, however, there is a common understanding that ecological modernization will have to result in innovative structural change. So research is now still more focused on environmental innovations, or eco-innovations, and the interplay of various societal factors (scientific, economic,
767:
is a school of thought that argues that both the state and the market can work together to protect the environment. It has gained increasing attention among scholars and policymakers in the last several decades internationally. It is an analytical approach as well as a policy strategy and
949:, 2002), contrasted against the usual 'cradle to grave' forms of manufacturing - where waste is not re-integrated back into the production process. Another special interest in the ecological modernization literature has been the role of
1105:
is also referred to as issues of the asymmetric distribution of environmental resources and services (Everett & Neu, 2000). Moreover, the theory seems to have limited global efficacy, applying primarily to its countries of origin -
860:, benign substitution of hazardous substances, and product design for environment. Radical innovations in these fields can not only reduce quantities of resource turnover and emissions, but also change the quality or structure of the
1133:
Ecological modernization, its effectiveness and applicability, strengths and limitations, remains a dynamic and contentious area of environmental social science research and policy discourse in the early 21st century.
937:, i.e. environment-oriented reshaping of lifestyles, consumption patterns, and demand-pull control of supply chains (Vergragt, 2000; OECD 2002). Some scholars of ecological modernization share an interest in
872:
and lifestyles). Similarly, there is some pluralism as to whether ecological modernization would need to rely mainly on government, or markets and entrepreneurship, or civil society, or some sort of
1506:
York, Richard; Rosa, Eugene A. (2003-09-01). "Key
Challenges to Ecological Modernization Theory: Institutional Efficacy, Case Study Evidence, Units of Analysis, and the Pace of Eco-Efficiency".
888:
institutional, legal, political, cultural) which foster or hamper such innovations (Klemmer et al., 1999; Huber, 2004; Weber and
Hemmelskamp, 2005; Olsthoorn and Wieczorek, 2006).
1065:
product or manufacturing process (which is often also the most economically efficient) is not always the one automatically chosen by self-regulating corporations (e.g.
844:, i.e. productive use of natural resources and environmental media (air, water, soil, ecosystems), can be a source of future growth and development in the same way as
968:
interests because they seemingly meet the triple bottom line of economics, society, and environment, which, it is held, underpin sustainability, yet do not challenge
1588:
783:
Ecological modernization emerged in the early 1980s within a group of scholars at Free
University and the Social Science Research Centre in Berlin, among them
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788:
4170:
836:
One basic assumption of ecological modernization relates to environmental readaptation of economic growth and industrial development. On the basis of
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are forced to 'take back' their various wastes and re-integrate them in some manner into the production of new goods and services (e.g. the way that
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910:
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and low income earners bear a disproportionate burden of environmental harm such as pollution, and lack access to environmental benefits such as
335:
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4195:
2089:
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2099:
3006:
1118:(Fisher and Freudenburg, 2001). Perhaps the harshest criticism though, is that ecological modernization is predicated upon the notion of '
4107:
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practices (York and Rosa, 2003). For instance, many technological improvements are currently feasible but not widely utilized. The most
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Ecological modernization shares a number of features with neighbouring, overlapping approaches. Among the most important are
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1989:
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1384:
1348:
1301:
1227:
868:, ecological modernization gives humans an active role to play, which may entail conflicts with nature conservation.
468:
413:
68:
46:
39:
4321:
4132:
4089:
3329:
3170:
2999:
1199:
Mol, A.P.J, G Spaargaren, and D.A Sonnenfeld. “Ecological
Modernization Theory: Taking Stock, Moving Forward.” In
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1999:
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2223:
2198:
2135:
2004:
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202:
1307:
Everett, J., and Neu, D., 2000, "Ecological
Modernization and the Limits of Environmental Accounting?",
3839:
3460:
3339:
3231:
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2676:
2525:
1969:
1621:
141:
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3034:
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1949:
1038:
981:
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136:
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3094:
2270:
2213:
2172:
1929:
1651:
1062:
1054:
1045:) that inevitably lead to environmental degradation (Foster, 2002). As such, it is just a form of '
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906:
784:
549:
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355:
33:
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2019:
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and does nothing to alter the impulses within the capitalist economic mode of production (see
1014:
973:
881:
873:
532:
493:
488:
458:
50:
1077:). In addition, some critics have argued that ecological modernization does not redress gross
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3578:
3175:
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2776:
2614:
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1122:', and in reality this is not possible because growth entails the consumption of natural and
902:
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711:
544:
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408:
1537:
The emergence of ecological modernisation : integrating the environment and the economy
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as well as product and process innovations such as environmental management and sustainable
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1994:
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938:
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589:
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287:
169:
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Globalization and
Environmental Reform: The Ecological Modernization of the Global Economy
1316:
Ecological modernization and its critics: Assessing the past and looking toward the future
793:
8:
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1174:
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350:
227:
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1341:
The
Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process
1254:
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and its notion of business self-regulation as part of the problem, or even an origin of
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864:. In the co-evolution of humans and nature, and in order to upgrade the environment's
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that help produce the technological advances via competition; as the regulatory (see
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1843:
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826:
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267:
252:
1407:
The
Ecological Modernisation Reader: Environmental Reform in Theory and Practice
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2826:
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2383:
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2039:
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1094:
1009:(1999, 37-40) and others notions of the necessity of emergence of new forms of
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1979:
1936:
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1706:
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1519:
1270:
1241:
Christoff, Peter (1996). "Ecological modernisation, ecological modernities".
1123:
1046:
1013:, sometimes referred to as subpolitics or political modernization, where the
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A special topic of ecological modernization research during recent years was
671:
629:
559:
448:
418:
345:
302:
292:
257:
222:
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1392:
Ecological
Modernisation around the World: Perspectives and Critical Debates
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207:
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1502:, SusHouse Project Final Report, Delft University of Technology, NL, 2000.
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2929:
2811:
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2756:
2706:
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2453:
1806:
1701:
1437:
Understanding Industrial Transformation. Views from Different Disciplines
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718:
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237:
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131:
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1022:
772:
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of change, some forms of ecological modernization may be favored by
3994:
3044:
1823:
1201:
Routledge International Handbook of Social and Environmental Change
1074:
1066:
1026:
965:
961:
574:
212:
159:
1294:
Society & Nature: Changing Our Environment, Changing Ourselves
3967:
3282:
3069:
1107:
1070:
1037:
Critics argue that ecological modernization will fail to protect
988:
is seen in a variety of roles and capacities: as the enabler for
2120:
1405:
Mol, A.P.J., Sonnenfeld, D.A., and Spaargaren, G., (eds.) 2009,
1213:
Industrial Metabolism. Restructuring for Sustainable Development
848:
and capital productivity. This includes increases in energy and
840:, economy and ecology can be favourably combined: Environmental
3631:
3165:
2968:
1432:
Trends and Policies in OECD Countries, Paris, OECD Publ., 2002.
876:
combining the three. Some scholars explicitly refer to general
443:
3039:
1090:
953:
and the emergence of civil society as a key agent of change (
1287:
Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots
1053:
advances alone can achieve resource conservation and better
809:. Various authors pursued similar ideas at the time, e.g.
1480:
Spaargaren, G.; Mol, A.P.J.; Buttel, F.H., eds. (2000).
1081:
that are produced within the capitalist system, such as
4172:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
1101:(Bullard, 1993; Gleeson and Low, 1999; Harvey, 1996) -
1444:
The International Handbook of Environmental Sociology
1394:, London and Portland, OR, Frank Cass/ Routledge,
1370:Environmental Innovations. Incentives and Barriers
1235:Cradle to Cradle. Remaking the way we make things
1021:of expression, organization, and assembly, etc.
821:. Further substantial contributions were made by
4313:
1596:
1457:Redclift, M. R., and Woodgate, G., (eds.) 2005,
1390:Mol, A.P.J., and Sonnenfeld, D.A., (eds.) 2000,
1442:Redclift, M. R., and Woodgate, G. (eds.) 1997,
1435:Olsthoorn, X., and Wieczorek, A., (eds.) 2006,
1356:Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference
336:Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
4196:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
3298:
3000:
2136:
1582:
1558:
1363:New Technologies and Environmental Innovation
745:
1500:Strategies Towards the Sustainable Household
1314:Fisher, D.R., and Freudenburg, W.R., 2001, "
1459:New Developments in Environmental Sociology
778:
4267:
3305:
3291:
3007:
2993:
2143:
2129:
1589:
1575:
1430:Towards Sustainable Household Consumption?
1358:, Malden, Ma., Blackwell, p. 377-402.
752:
738:
4207:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
1240:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
4235:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
3237:Earth systems engineering and management
1505:
1233:Braungart, M., and McDonough, W., 2002,
32:This article includes a list of general
1343:, Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press,
1211:Ayres, R. U. and Simonis, U. E., 1994,
833:(Mol and Sonnenfeld, 2000; Mol, 2001).
4314:
3805:Corporate environmental responsibility
3014:
984:. Under ecological modernization, the
928:
4327:Environmental social science concepts
3286:
2988:
2124:
1570:
1557:
1534:
1332:Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) 1999,
1114:, and having little to say about the
1005:ecological modernization shares with
972:principles. This contrasts with many
331:Federation of Green Parties of Africa
4178:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
2506:New international division of labour
1474:Industrial Ecology and Global Change
1237:, New York, N.Y., North Point Press.
18:
16:School of thought in social sciences
1057:, particularly if left to business
341:Federation of Young European Greens
13:
3820:Environmental full-cost accounting
3312:
3055:Environmental full-cost accounting
1409:, London and New York, Routledge,
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4358:
3754:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
2150:
1472:Socolow, R. et al., (eds.) 1994,
1329:, New York, Monthly Review Press.
817:, Donald Huisingh, René Kemp, or
4266:
4255:
4254:
4224:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
3171:Extended producer responsibility
2967:
2957:
2956:
2167:
2080:
2079:
2069:
1685:
1482:Environment and Global Modernity
1446:, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar,
651:List of environmental incidents
100:
23:
3810:Corporate social responsibility
3739:Ocean thermal energy conversion
3678:Community-supported agriculture
3363:Human impact on the environment
3065:Environmental management system
3060:Environmental impact assessment
2168:
1854:Science, technology and society
1365:, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar.
1222:, Cambridge, UK, Polity Press,
4050:Socially responsible marketing
1539:. London New York: Routledge.
1508:Organization & Environment
1193:
321:Asia Pacific Greens Federation
1:
4241:Sustainable Development Goals
4045:Socially responsible business
1484:. London: Sage Publications.
1476:, Cambridge University Press.
1379:, Cambridge, Ma., MIT Press,
1334:Global Ethics and Environment
1320:Society and Natural Resources
1215:, Tokyo, UN University Press.
1186:
1145:Bright green environmentalism
1032:
198:Bright green environmentalism
1598:Environmental social science
1461:, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,
1049:'. Critics question whether
414:Corporate political activism
7:
4070:Sustainability organization
3855:Standards and certification
3446:Social return on investment
3080:Integrated chain management
2224:Environmental globalization
2199:Anti-globalization movement
1637:Environmental communication
1368:Klemmer, P., et al., 1999,
1137:
1097:issues such as eliminating
976:perspectives, which regard
819:Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker
203:Criticisms of globalization
10:
4363:
3495:Systemic change resistance
3146:Eco-industrial development
2372:Offshore financial centres
1622:Environmental anthropology
1535:Young, Stephen C. (2000).
1327:Ecology Against Capitalism
1289:, Boston, South End Press.
142:Politics of climate change
4250:
4161:
4098:
3870:
3797:
3706:
3673:Climate-smart agriculture
3658:
3630:
3587:
3541:
3508:
3381:
3338:
3320:
3219:
3118:
3022:
2952:
2910:
2785:
2720:
2637:
2628:
2555:
2392:
2313:
2306:
2186:
2158:
2065:
1914:
1694:
1683:
1604:
1564:
1559:Links to related articles
1296:, Cambridge, UK, Polity,
1285:Bullard, R., (ed.) 1993,
1263:10.1080/09644019608414283
1203:, 31–46. Routledge, 2013.
1029:greatly facilitate this.
982:environmental degradation
838:enlightened self-interest
389:Climate change mitigation
117:Climate change litigation
3815:Environmental accounting
3564:Sustainable architecture
3554:Environmental technology
3247:Ecological modernization
3156:Ecological modernization
3095:Life-cycle cost analysis
2214:Democratic globalization
1652:Environmental psychology
1520:10.1177/1086026603256299
1063:environmentally friendly
1055:environmental protection
1011:environmental governance
957:and Freudenburg, 2001).
779:Origins and key elements
765:Ecological modernization
526:Environmental skepticism
429:Ecological modernization
356:World Ecological Parties
4322:Environmental sociology
3688:Sustainable agriculture
3262:Sustainable development
3252:Environmental economics
3191:Precautionary principle
3186:Polluter pays principle
3131:Cradle-to-cradle design
2496:Investor-state disputes
2449:Illicit financial flows
2293:Political globalization
2241:Global financial system
1657:Environmental sociology
1632:Environmental economics
1612:Ecological anthropology
1322:, 14, pp. 701–709.
1180:Sustainable development
1170:Reflexive modernization
1165:Environmental sociology
1155:Ecological civilization
996:) medium through which
897:sustainable development
880:as well as non-Marxist
854:supply chain management
374:Carbon fee and dividend
53:more precise citations.
4231:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
4100:Sustainable management
4085:Urban drainage systems
3825:Environmental planning
3789:Water recycling shower
3779:Tidal stream generator
3574:Sustainable industries
3533:Sustainable population
3518:Demographic transition
3500:Tragedy of the commons
3232:Design for environment
3100:Material flow analysis
2837:Christopher Chase-Dunn
2605:Primitive accumulation
2288:Military globalization
2219:Economic globalization
2204:Cultural globalization
1647:Environmental politics
1439:, Dordrecht: Springer.
1243:Environmental Politics
1015:environmental movement
974:environmental movement
874:multi-level governance
464:effects of agriculture
4123:Humanistic capitalism
3938:Environmental finance
3579:Sustainable packaging
3176:Industrial metabolism
3090:Life-cycle assessment
3035:Cost–benefit analysis
1742:Ecological humanities
1642:Environmental history
1311:24(1), pp. 5–29.
935:sustainable household
903:industrial metabolism
862:industrial metabolism
545:Fossil fuel phase-out
409:Conservation movement
4332:Environmental policy
4090:Urban infrastructure
3784:Water heat recycling
3607:Conservation biology
3451:Steady-state economy
3426:Micro-sustainability
3411:Ecological footprint
3368:Planetary boundaries
3242:Ecological economics
3181:Industrial symbiosis
3161:Efficient energy use
3110:Stakeholder analysis
3050:Ecological footprint
2902:Immanuel Wallerstein
2563:Capital accumulation
2429:Endangered languages
1834:Integrated geography
1712:Behavioral geography
1617:Ecological economics
1372:, Berlin, Analytica.
1336:, London, Routledge.
1325:Foster, J.B., 2002,
1103:environmental racism
1083:environmental racism
939:industrial symbiosis
878:modernization theory
424:Ecological economics
326:European Green Party
288:Green libertarianism
170:Grassroots democracy
4191:Earth Summit (1992)
3845:Metrics and indices
3698:Sustainable fishery
3617:Holocene extinction
3436:Product stewardship
3406:Earth Overshoot Day
3151:Eco-industrial park
2974:Business portal
2533:Transnational crime
2439:Forced displacement
2424:Economic inequality
2298:Trade globalization
2194:Alter-globalization
2105:Research institutes
1627:Environmental crime
1375:Mol, A.P.J., 2001,
1339:Hajer, M.A., 1995,
1255:1996EnvPo...5..476C
1175:Restoration ecology
929:Additional elements
882:world-system theory
850:resource efficiency
846:labour productivity
811:Arthur H. Rosenfeld
625:transport hierarchy
469:effects of aviation
351:Global Young Greens
228:Ecoauthoritarianism
193:Alter-globalization
4337:Industrial ecology
3650:Sustainable energy
3612:Endangered species
3569:Sustainable design
3483:Consumer behaviour
3227:Cleaner production
3211:Waste valorization
3206:Waste minimisation
3075:Input–output model
3016:Industrial ecology
2747:Andre Gunder Frank
2521:Race to the bottom
2511:North–South divide
2229:Global citizenship
2075:Environment portal
1829:Industrial ecology
1354:Harvey, D., 1996,
1292:Dickens, P. 2004,
1220:World Risk Society
1126:at great costs to
1120:sustainable growth
918:industrial ecology
858:clean technologies
831:David A Sonnenfeld
647:Low-carbon economy
273:Green conservatism
122:Fossil fuels lobby
4309:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4229:Earth Summit 2002
4212:Lisbon Principles
4184:Our Common Future
3862:Sustainable yield
3668:Civic agriculture
3421:Green consumption
3358:Global governance
3280:
3279:
3136:Dematerialization
3030:Agent-based model
2982:
2981:
2948:
2947:
2807:K. Anthony Appiah
2802:Daniele Archibugi
2551:
2550:
2340:COVID-19 pandemic
2246:Global governance
2118:
2117:
1957:Green criminology
1717:Community studies
1672:Political ecology
1546:978-0-415-14173-4
1491:978-0-7619-6767-5
1423:978-0-415-45371-4
1415:978-0-415-45370-7
1400:978-0-7146-8113-9
1361:Huber, J., 2004,
1309:Accounting Forum,
1150:Ecological design
866:carrying capacity
762:
761:
667:Political ecology
585:industrial policy
160:Ecological wisdom
79:
78:
71:
4354:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4202:Agenda 21 (1992)
4173:
4138:Natural resource
4025:Organic movement
4000:Impact investing
3719:Hydroelectricity
3693:Sustainable diet
3645:Renewable energy
3640:Carbon footprint
3622:Invasive species
3559:Natural building
3510:World population
3471:Marketing myopia
3431:Over-consumption
3401:Circular economy
3396:Anti-consumerism
3353:Environmentalism
3307:
3300:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3272:Urban metabolism
3126:Circular economy
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2959:
2913:
2822:Jean Baudrillard
2790:
2737:Giovanni Arrighi
2725:
2682:Branko Milanović
2662:Jagdish Bhagwati
2640:
2635:
2634:
2526:pollution havens
2491:Invasive species
2395:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2261:Global workforce
2171:
2170:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2005:natural resource
1689:
1677:Regional science
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1531:
1495:
1282:
1218:Beck, U., 1999,
1204:
1197:
1116:developing world
951:social movements
901:the approach of
884:, others don't.
808:
797:
754:
747:
740:
677:Renewable energy
516:Environmentalism
384:Circular economy
283:Green liberalism
263:Environmentalism
104:
81:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4246:
4171:
4163:
4162:Agreements and
4157:
4094:
3898:Climate finance
3866:
3793:
3749:Reclaimed water
3702:
3654:
3626:
3583:
3537:
3523:Family planning
3504:
3377:
3334:
3316:
3311:
3281:
3276:
3257:Green chemistry
3215:
3201:Waste hierarchy
3114:
3018:
3013:
2983:
2978:
2966:
2944:
2925:Thomas Friedman
2911:
2906:
2857:Anthony Giddens
2832:Manuel Castells
2797:Arjun Appadurai
2788:
2786:
2781:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2712:Joseph Stiglitz
2652:Richard Baldwin
2638:
2630:
2624:
2583:Fiscal localism
2547:
2501:McDonaldization
2419:Development aid
2393:
2388:
2357:Multilingualism
2352:Labor arbitrage
2328:Climate justice
2314:
2302:
2256:Global politics
2209:Deglobalization
2182:
2154:
2149:
2119:
2114:
2061:
1910:
1881:Systems ecology
1865:Sustainability
1859:science studies
1844:Rural sociology
1690:
1681:
1667:Human geography
1600:
1595:
1560:
1547:
1498:Vergragt, Ph.,
1492:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1140:
1130:and societies.
1087:people of color
1059:self-regulation
1039:the environment
1035:
931:
916:the concept of
895:the concept of
827:Gert Spaargaren
823:Arthur P.J. Mol
802:
791:
781:
775:(Hajer, 1995).
758:
729:
728:
399:Climate justice
394:Climate finance
369:
361:
360:
316:
308:
307:
268:Green anarchism
253:Eco-nationalism
188:
180:
179:
155:
147:
146:
112:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4360:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4264:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4237:(Rio+20, 2012)
4232:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:Infrastructure
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:Eco-capitalism
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3830:Sustainability
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3798:Accountability
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3456:Sustainability
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3391:Anthropization
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:Sustainability
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3220:Related fields
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Rebound effect
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Eco-efficiency
3138:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Zygmunt Bauman
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Thomas Piketty
2689:
2687:Kevin O'Rourke
2684:
2679:
2677:Michael Hudson
2674:
2669:
2667:Robert Brenner
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:Westernization
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2377:Tax inversions
2374:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:Digital divide
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2323:Climate change
2319:
2317:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:Environmental
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1532:
1514:(3): 273–288.
1503:
1496:
1490:
1477:
1470:
1455:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1403:
1388:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1312:
1305:
1290:
1283:
1249:(3): 476–500.
1238:
1231:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1095:social justice
1034:
1031:
930:
927:
926:
925:
914:
899:
800:Udo E. Simonis
789:Martin Jänicke
780:
777:
760:
759:
757:
756:
749:
742:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
724:Water conflict
721:
716:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
679:
674:
669:
664:
663:
662:
657:
649:
644:
639:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:infrastructure
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
547:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
529:
528:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
499:pricing reform
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
404:Climate target
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
368:Related topics
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
300:
298:Social ecology
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
233:Eco-capitalism
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
165:Social justice
162:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
137:List of topics
134:
129:
127:Green politics
124:
119:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
97:
96:
94:Green politics
90:
89:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4359:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Global ethics
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:Earth Charter
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Environmental
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:Refurbishment
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Organizations
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Green economy
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3928:Eco-socialism
3926:
3924:
3923:Eco-investing
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Disinvestment
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Marine energy
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Cultured meat
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
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3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
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3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
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3557:
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3540:
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3526:
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3516:
3515:
3513:
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3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:Simple living
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Urban ecology
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2941:
2940:Vandana Shiva
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Saskia Sassen
2890:
2888:
2887:George Ritzer
2885:
2883:
2882:Antonio Negri
2880:
2878:
2877:L. H. M. Ling
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Michael Hardt
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Alfred Crosby
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Susan Strange
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Robert W. Cox
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Jeffrey Sachs
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2620:World-systems
2618:
2616:
2615:World history
2613:
2611:
2610:Social change
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2588:Modernization
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2541:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
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2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
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2437:
2435:
2432:
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2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Global health
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:Globalization
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2056:
2055:environmental
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:environmental
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:environmental
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:environmental
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:environmental
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1937:Ecopsychology
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:Architecture
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
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1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
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1860:
1857:
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1847:
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1837:
1835:
1832:
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1827:
1825:
1822:
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1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
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1800:
1796:
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1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:environmental
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Anthrozoology
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Human ecology
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
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1640:
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1633:
1630:
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1603:
1599:
1592:
1587:
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1578:
1573:
1572:
1569:
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1556:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:1-84376-115-7
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:1-85898-405-X
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:0-262-13395-4
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:0-19-827969-8
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:0-7456-2796-X
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:0-7456-2221-6
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:human capital
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:technological
1048:
1047:green-washing
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
923:
919:
915:
912:
908:
904:
900:
898:
894:
893:
892:
889:
885:
883:
879:
875:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
806:
801:
795:
790:
786:
776:
774:
771:
770:environmental
766:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
735:
733:
732:
725:
722:
720:
717:
713:
710:
708:
707:refurbishment
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
672:Progressivism
670:
668:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
548:
546:
543:
539:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:Environmental
452:
450:
449:Eco-terrorism
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Eco-investing
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
365:
364:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:Global Greens
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
315:Organizations
312:
311:
304:
303:Queer ecology
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:Green Zionism
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Eco-socialism
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
223:Disinvestment
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
151:
150:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
108:
107:
103:
99:
98:
95:
92:
91:
87:
83:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4259:
4183:
3948:Construction
3871:Applications
3589:Biodiversity
3348:Anthropocene
3246:
3155:
2935:John R. Saul
2920:Noam Chomsky
2912:Non–academic
2852:Susan George
2847:Nancy Fraser
2817:Walden Bello
2762:David Harvey
2752:Stephen Gill
2672:Jayati Ghosh
2592:
2578:Earth system
2444:Human rights
2384:Water crisis
2281:early modern
1975:occupational
1970:epidemiology
1941:Engineering
1839:Permaculture
1802:Ethnobiology
1536:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1481:
1473:
1458:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1428:OECD (ed.),
1406:
1391:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1308:
1293:
1286:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1219:
1212:
1200:
1195:
1160:Ecomodernism
1132:
1099:unemployment
1036:
1025:such as the
1019:human rights
998:corporations
959:
934:
932:
890:
886:
870:
842:productivity
835:
815:Amory Lovins
785:Joseph Huber
782:
764:
763:
434:Ecomodernism
428:
208:Deep ecology
187:Perspectives
154:Four pillars
65:
56:
37:
4164:conferences
4035:Procurement
3978:Development
3878:Advertising
3840:Measurement
3774:Tidal power
3769:Small hydro
3734:Micro hydro
3597:Biosecurity
3549:Appropriate
3478:Sustainable
3461:Advertising
3383:Consumption
3373:Development
2930:Naomi Klein
2812:Ulrich Beck
2787:Politics /
2777:Robert Wade
2767:Ronen Palan
2757:Peter Gowan
2707:Amartya Sen
2697:Dani Rodrik
2647:David Autor
2573:Development
2454:Imperialism
2402:Brain drain
1986:Management
1930:sustainable
1702:Agroecology
1112:Netherlands
1007:Ulrich Beck
970:free market
803: [
792: [
719:War on coal
702:engineering
692:development
682:Sustainable
580:imperialism
555:development
533:Stewardship
248:Ecofeminism
238:Ecocentrism
218:Dirty hands
175:Nonviolence
132:Green party
111:Core topics
51:introducing
4316:Categories
4055:Sanitation
4010:Livelihood
3933:Ecovillage
3918:Eco-cities
3835:Accounting
3744:Pico hydro
3724:Hydropower
3542:Technology
3340:Principles
3105:MET Matrix
2872:Paul Hirst
2867:David Held
2732:Samir Amin
2722:Political
2657:Ravi Batra
2598:history of
2593:ecological
2568:Dependency
2516:Offshoring
2479:scientific
2469:linguistic
2434:Fair trade
2414:Care drain
2367:Tax havens
2362:Population
2271:History of
1945:ecological
1899:metabolism
1849:Sexecology
1746:Economics
1730:ecological
1722:Demography
1425:paperback.
1417:hardback,
1187:References
1128:ecosystems
1079:injustices
1043:capitalism
1033:Criticisms
994:regulation
978:free trade
521:opposition
509:technology
439:Eco-tariff
379:Carbon tax
278:Green left
243:Ecofascism
59:April 2009
34:references
4347:Modernity
4148:Recycling
4143:Planetary
4133:Materials
4128:Landscape
4113:Fisheries
4080:Transport
4005:Landscape
3988:Marketing
3963:Gardening
3903:Community
3850:Reporting
3714:Footprint
3602:Biosphere
3085:ISO 14000
2897:John Urry
2789:sociology
2639:Economics
2543:World war
2266:Globality
2234:education
2016:Planning
1995:fisheries
1925:landscape
1894:geography
1765:education
1279:144735656
1271:0964-4016
1023:New media
947:McDonough
943:Braungart
773:discourse
712:transport
655:conflicts
4261:Category
4060:Sourcing
3995:Greening
3888:Business
3764:Security
3759:Scarcity
3119:Concepts
3045:Ecolabel
2962:Category
2631:scholars
2556:Theories
2464:cultural
2459:academic
2163:Journals
2110:Scholars
2100:Journals
2090:Concepts
2085:Category
2030:regional
2025:land use
1824:Forestry
1138:See also
1110:and the
1085:- where
1075:peak oil
1067:hydrogen
1027:Internet
966:business
962:strategy
660:killings
642:Localism
610:retrofit
605:recovery
600:New Deal
575:greening
570:grabbing
538:in music
494:planning
489:movement
459:conflict
213:Degrowth
86:a series
84:Part of
4294:Degrees
4287:Studies
4280:Science
4075:Tourism
3968:Geopark
3958:Finance
3953:Fashion
3528:Control
3416:Ethical
3325:Outline
3070:EIO-LCA
2724:economy
2629:Notable
2407:reverse
2335:Disease
2276:archaic
2187:Aspects
2178:Studies
2173:Outline
2095:Degrees
2046:Policy
2035:spatial
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990:markets
924:, 1994)
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913:, 1994)
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635:washing
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560:economy
484:justice
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4243:(2015)
4220:(2000)
4214:(1997)
4198:(1992)
4186:(1987)
4118:Forest
4020:Market
4015:Living
3632:Energy
3488:Market
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2484:social
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2307:Issues
2050:energy
2000:forest
1980:public
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4273:Lists
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4065:Space
3973:Green
3707:Water
3466:Brand
3330:Index
3040:DPSIR
3023:Tools
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2394:Other
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2010:waste
1524:S2CID
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