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1735:École polytechnique organizes various master's programs, more specialized than the polytechnic engineering program, alone or in association with other schools and universities, on a wide variety of subjects. The school offers programs in AI, computer vision, economics, finance, environmental science, energy, and data science. Some degrees in entrepreneurship are delivered in partnership with
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1494:(for French nationals only) and a scientific "common curriculum" (eight months and four months, respectively), one year of multidisciplinary studies, and one year of specialized studies ("majors"). Since the reform of the curriculum in 2000, students complete a fourth year of study in a partner institution.
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The
Bachelor is a three-year program fully taught in English which opened in 2017. Either French nationals or international students are eligible. Applications are opened to final year high school students. Selection is made through an online application file and an oral interview. During the first
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was crushed in 1871. During the years 1871–1872, the number of students admitted per year doubled from 140 to 280. The
Polytechnicians sought above all to strengthen their position in the spheres of power to compensate for their loss of influence in the technical field. While they could have turned
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Located in the suburbs of Paris, about 14 km (9 mi) from the city center, École polytechnique is a campus-based institution. It offers teaching facilities, student housing, dining and hospitality services, and a range of sports facilities dedicated to the 4,600 people who live on campus.
1093:, the students were mobilized and the school building was transformed into a hospital. No national entrance exam was held in 1915. More than eight hundred students died during the war. In 1921, students of foreign nationalities were allowed to take the entrance exam for the first time. During the
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Sports are an important part of student life, as all students are required to play 6 hours of sports per week. There are competitive and club sports ranging from skydiving and judo to circus and hiking. There are two swimming pools, dojo and fencing rooms, and an equestrian center on campus. The
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The grades of the second year of the curriculum are used to rank the students. Traditionally, this individual exit ranking was very important for the French students of the École polytechnique, and certain peculiarities in the organization of studies and ranking can be attributed to the need for
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The second year is a year of multidisciplinary studies. The set of disciplines covers most of the scientific fields (mathematics, applied mathematics, mechanics, computer science, biology, physics, chemistry, economics) and some areas of the humanities (foreign languages, general humanities...).
1650:. At some point in their studies, students make a list of the corps they wish to enter in order of preference, and they are enrolled in the highest corps according to their ranking. The next step for these French polytechnicians is to join one of the four technical schools of the civil service:
963:, Year III (September 28, 1794) and opened to students on 1 Nivôse, Year III (December 21, 1794). The aim of the school was to train civil and military engineers. The school quickly welcomed 400 students of different levels. During the first three months, "revolutionary courses" were given in
1369:École polytechnique has a general engineering curriculum at the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as a doctoral school. In addition to the faculty coming from its local laboratories, it employs many researchers and professors from other institutions, including laboratories such as
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1030:(For the Nation, Science, and Glory). In 1804, after the militarization of the school, its atmosphere changed significantly from a rather free spirit to a meticulous bureaucracy. Militarization was motivated by Napoleon's favorable opinion of the polytechnicians who had contributed to the
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relatif à la formation militaire et à la formation à l'exercice des responsabilités des élèves français de l'École polytechnique prévues à l'article 2 du décret n° 2000-900 du 14 septembre 2000 fixant certaines dispositions d'ordre statutaire applicables aux élèves français de l'École
1063:. Various decrees were issued until 1832. Above all, the school came under the administration of the Ministry of War, thus regaining its military status. The republican ideal prevailed at the school, as shown by the active participation of students in the revolutions of 1830 and 1848.
981:" a year later. The neologism "polytechnique" is composed of "poly" which means "many" and reflects the plurality of techniques taught in the School. The change of name reflects the change of vocation of the school, which now prepares students for other specialized schools such as the
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In 1944, the School was again placed under the administration of the
Ministry of War. In 1970, the School became a state-sponsored civilian institution under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence. The first female students were admitted in 1972. One woman, Anne Chopinet, was class
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can also enter through the same competitive examination. In total, there are about 100 foreign students admitted to this cycle each year. Foreign students from
European or American universities can also be admitted as part of an exchange program for a semester or a year.
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in Rueil-Malmaison. The reason for this is that the generic education provided at
Polytechnique is more focused on developing thinking skills than on preparing students for the transition to a real engineering career, which requires more advanced technical training.
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Many École polytechnique graduates hold important positions in government, industry and research in France. Its alumni include three Nobel prizes winners, three presidents of the French
Republic, and several business and industry leaders. Researchers at the
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The school also has a doctoral program open to students with a master's degree or equivalent. Doctoral students generally work in the school's laboratories; they may also work in external institutes or institutions that cannot or will not award a doctorate.
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819:. The school has also been awarding doctorates since 1985, masters since 2005 and bachelors since 2017. Most Polytechnique engineering graduates go on to become top executives in companies, senior civil servants, military officers, or researchers.
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1601:), which often focuses on a discipline or sometimes an interdisciplinary subject. This year ends with a research internship (four to six months). Students also earn a Master's degree in engineering, science and technology in their third year.
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However, the military dimension of the school faded over time, with a reduced period of preliminary military training, and fewer and fewer students choosing a career as an officer. On special occasions, such as the military parade on the
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While French students remain under military status during their studies at
Polytechnique, and participate in various ceremonies and other military events, such as national ceremonies like Bastille Day or the anniversaries of the
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131:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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area, 8% in the rest of France, while 34% are based outside France. Only 12% of the cohort work under a non-French employment contract. École polytechnique students earn an average of €44,000 per year after graduation.
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Because of the tension between revolutionary ideas and the service of the State, the republican ideal gradually disappeared after 1851. The
Polytechnicians even found themselves on the side of the Versaillese when the
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Students are represented by a board of 16 students known as "la Kès", elected each
November. La Kès manages the relationships with teachers, management, alumni and partners. It publishes a weekly students paper,
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The curriculum begins with eight months of mandatory military service for students of French nationality. In the past, this service lasted 12 months and was compulsory for all French students; the abolition of
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degree, and is selective upon entry. The subjects covered often go beyond the student's specialty, and the course is focused on generalized education allowing cross-fertilization between different fields.
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French students admitted to the École polytechnique do not pay tuition fees and receive a salary as officer cadets. Through the student board, they redistribute part of this sum to foreign students.
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Organisation de l'Ecole
Polytechnique. Ordonnance du 13 novembre 1830, Mon. univ. (15 November 1830) 1465–1466; also in Le globe (18 November 1830) 1085–1086 ; also in J. gén. civil 10 (1831) 87–97.
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in France made this requirement of Polytechnique somewhat anachronistic, and the service was reformulated as a period of "human and military training." All French students spend a month together at
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The fourth year is the beginning of more specialized studies: students who do not enter a State Corps must enter either a Master's degree or a doctorate, a partner college or institute such as the
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2057:, which looks at the education of the Fortune 500 CEOs, ranks École polytechnique seventh in the world in its 2011 ranking (1st being Harvard University), second among French institutions behind
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than children from lower-income families. A more recent report found that children of employees are 50 times more likely to enter the Ecole polytechnique than the children of workers.
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There is no particular financial obligation for students who complete the program and then enter an application school or graduate program accredited by the École polytechnique.
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For French nationals, this ranking is part of a government recruitment program: a certain number of places in civil or military Corps, including elite civil servant such as the
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was transferred to Lyon in the free zone, lost its military status, and its Parisian buildings were given to the Red Cross. More than four hundred students died during the war (
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Then begins a four-month period during which all students take the same five courses: Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science and Economics.
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engineering students (500 students per year), the institution has approximately 439 master's students and 572 doctoral students, for a total of 2,900 enrolled.
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to an engineering profession associated with industry, the Polytechnicians instead reinforced their sovereign vocation by joining the "state nobility" of the
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of 1816, the number of students was reduced to about seventy-five and the 'military arts' course was abolished. In 1817, King Louis XVIII demilitarized the
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ranked the university at 475th globally with its "Engineering Subjects" placed at 451–500th in the world. In 2020, it is ranked 509th in the world by the
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program. The first way is through a very selective competitive examination that requires at least two years of intensive preparation after high school in
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relatif à l'exercice de la tutelle du ministre de la défense sur divers organismes publics confiés à la délégation générale pour l'armement, article 1
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Since the X2000 reform, the importance of rank has diminished. With the exception of the corps curriculum, the universities and schools where
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Until 1988, the number of newly admitted French students was around 300 on a yearly basis ; and until 1952, it was between 200 and 250.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (March 2005). "The "Ecole Polytechnique", 1794–1850: Differences over Educational Purpose and Teaching Practice".
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during his speech at the ceremony when he was made an officer of the Legion of Honour on 11 September 2006, at the École polytechnique
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of École polytechnique, a research centre which had been created by another Field medalist and a professor at Polytechnique :
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Of the 47% of graduates who decide to pursue a professional career in the private sector, the majority (58%) are based in the
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Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés
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Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés
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2345:"Arrêté du 25 février 2021 fixant la liste des écoles accréditées à délivrer un titre d'ingénieur diplômé – Légifrance"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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in a military training center. By the end of this month, they are assigned either to a civilian service or to the
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and placed it under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. In 1830, fifty students participated in the
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fixant certaines dispositions d'ordre statutaire applicables aux élèves français de l'École polytechnique
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have found that most business executives in France are traditionally alumni of the École polytechnique.
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In the 2015 Times Higher Education Small Universities Rankings, École polytechnique ranks third, after
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About 400 French students are admitted to the school each year. Foreign students who have completed a
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3503:. Vol. 112, no. 3. Published by: Mathematical Association of America. pp. 233–250.
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2610:"The "Ecole Polytechnique", 1794–1850: Differences over Educational Purpose and Teaching Practice"
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In 1805, when he placed the School under military administration, Napoleon transferred it to the
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3551:École Polytechnique Scholars Program – description of the École Polytechnique on Caltech website
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The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan
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complete their training now base their acceptance decisions on the transcripts of all grades.
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year of the programme, students follow a pluridisciplinary curriculum based on mathematics.
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2507:(1994) ; Yoccoz was not a student at Polytechnique because he chose to be educated at
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and many CEOs of French and international companies. Among them are mathematicians such as
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Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail
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French engineering students undergo initial military training and have the status of paid
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relatif à l'organisation et au régime administratif et financier de l'École polytechnique
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Paris campus at the junction of the rue de la Montagne Saint-Genevieve and rue Descartes
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fixant les dispositions applicables aux personnels enseignants de l'École polytechnique
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1821:"Jumping de l'X" is an international show jumping competition organized by the school.
1302:École polytechnique is an institution of higher education under the supervision of the
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and have to go through a period of military training before beginning their studies.
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Etablissement public national des fonds de prévoyance militaire et de l'aéronautique
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has found that the children of executives and teachers are more likely to enter the
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Thibault Capdeville head of corps and director of human and military training
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Contrary to French public universities, the teachers at École polytechnique are
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3268:"Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises industrielles françaises au 20e siècle"
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Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles
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In international rankings, the École polytechnique is ranked as part of the
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Students must choose twelve courses in at least five different disciplines.
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In 1814, students participated in the fighting to defend Paris against the
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Four years of study are required for the engineering degree: one year of
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After the Revolution of 1789, the royal engineering schools were closed.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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This article is about the university in France. For the 2009 film, see
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5479:
5150:
Jean-François Champollion University Center for Teaching and Research
4548:
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in central Paris, the institution moved to Palaiseau in 1976, in the
774:
477:
462:
3482:
Science and Polity in France, the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Years
959:"(Central School of Public Works) which was officially created on 7
711:
5124:École Nationale Supérieure de l'Électronique et de ses Applications
4098:
4006:
3532:
2813:
816:
715:
A statue in the courtyard of the school commemorates the cadets of
540:
4918:
1361:
for special events on campus, such as conferences and ceremonies.
5203:Établissement national des produits de l'agriculture et de la mer
4244:
3650:
2232:
1925:
1780:
1768:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1573:
1354:
1223:, at 5 rue Descartes, and was nicknamed "Carva" by the students.
964:
5378:
Opérateur du patrimoine et des projets immobiliers de la culture
3204:"Top 20 des écoles d'ingénieurs qui paient le mieux à la sortie"
1258:
The campus is close to other scientific institutions in Saclay (
128:
5339:
Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Lyon
4568:
3841:
3537:
1910:
Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities
1792:
778:
591:
5030:
Agence Nationale pour l'Amélioration des Conditions de Travail
3545:
3243:
MSc X-HEC Entrepreneurs : admission, inscription, prix...
2055:
Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities
1393:, thus creating a varied and high-level teaching environment.
1260:
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
5525:
Centre de ressources, d'expertise et de performance sportives
4649:
3734:
2324:"Applications for the Bachelor program open on November 25th"
2160:
1560:
1378:
1326:
1240:
930:
5136:École nationale supérieure des arts et techniques du théâtre
3325:"URAP – University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance"
1312:
national public establishment of an administrative character
2276:
5384:
Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives
4946:École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne
3405:
Les inégalités sociales d'accès aux grandes écoles – Insee
1597:
In the third year, students must choose a specialization (
140:
to this template: there are already 1,480 articles in the
1247:). Several buses also connect École polytechnique to the
1670:, thus joining one of the civil service bodies known as
1425:
1128:. In 1976, the School moved from the center of Paris to
5508:
Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications
1202:
5518:
Centre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires
5514:
Centre national des œuvres universitaires et scolaires
5316:
National Center of Cinematography and the moving image
897:
all graduated from Polytechnique engineering program.
686:
Senior General Armament Engineer François Bouchet
5133:École nationale supérieure de la nature et du paysage
5052:École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne
2844:"19th century: thrust into the upheaval of the times"
2657:"Recherches sur les débuts de l'imprimerie à Provins"
2316:
2248:
1710:
1317:
It is headed by a general officer (since 2012, by a
909:
The chemistry auditorium in the old building in the
825:
from the engineering graduate program include three
236:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
124:
5351:École nationale supérieure d'arts de Cergy-Pontoise
4936:
Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
2741:Capecchi, Danilo; Ruta, Giuseppe (1 January 2014).
1187:. A year later, it moved to the Hôtel de Lassay, a
929:Pediment of historical buildings, rue Descartes in
5494:Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale
5012:Conseil national des activités privées de sécurité
4837:Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management
4828:Institut national des postes et télécommunications
2866:
2864:
1277:
4775:Union des industries et métiers de la métallurgie
3590:
1759:About 40% of doctoral students come from abroad.
5552:
3498:
2607:
1364:
788:The school was founded in 1794 by mathematician
5522:Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l'autonomie
5485:Institut des hautes études de défense nationale
4990:National Office for Veterans and Victims of War
4868:Bilan d'aptitude délivré par les grandes écoles
3465:. University of California Press. p. 412.
3362:"QS Top Universities 2021: Ecole polytechnique"
3006:. Polytechnique.edu. Retrieved on 16 June 2014.
2861:
5533:Service départemental d'incendie et de secours
5447:École nationale supérieure de sécurité sociale
5358:École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs
5209:Institut français du cheval et de l'équitation
4963:Établissement public d'insertion de la défense
4920:Établissement public à caractère administratif
2877:Annales historiques de la Révolution française
2511:(1975–1979), but he completed his Ph.D. under
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
1881:French National Centre for Scientific Research
178:{{Translated|fr|École polytechnique (France)}}
166:accompanying your translation by providing an
115:Click for important translation instructions.
102:expand this article with text translated from
5581:Technical universities and colleges in France
5354:École nationale supérieure de la photographie
5324:Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration
5158:National Computer Center for Higher Education
4904:
3576:
3259:
2918:"20th century: wars lead to new orientations"
2789:"1794–1804: Revolution and Napoleonic Period"
1746:Aerial view of the École polytechnique campus
1629:
1501:Students wearing the uniform of Polytechnique
936:
5571:Educational institutions established in 1794
4956:Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service
4842:École supérieure des communications de Tunis
2740:
2152:
1401:
1343:
1272:Centre national de la recherche scientifique
1208:
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1149:
1098:
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1013:
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732:
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553:
322:
289:
5348:Écoles nationales supérieure d'architecture
4824:HEC Management School – University of Liège
3176:
3174:
2289:
1676:. Those who follow this path are called as
1066:
739:
78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5464:Institut national des études territoriales
5177:Centre international d'études pédagogiques
4911:
4897:
3583:
3569:
1914:University Ranking by Academic Performance
5363:École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts
5096:Groupe des écoles nationales d’ingénieurs
3479:
3283:
2884:
2696:"La préhistoire de l'Ecole polytechnique"
1217:Ministry of Higher Education and Research
1118:
1027:Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire
633:Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire
336:Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire
274:Learn how and when to remove this message
256:Learn how and when to remove this message
5140:École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière
3349:The world's best small universities 2016
3171:
2517:Centre de mathématiques Laurent Schwartz
1741:
1617:, or a specialization institute such as
1496:
1455:
1413:
1286:
1268:Institut des hautes études scientifiques
1226:
1219:. The Paris campus was located near the
1157:
1143:
924:
904:
710:
702:
3059:Décret n° 2008-960 du 12 septembre 2008
2870:
2693:
2608:Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (1 March 2005).
1903:
800:in 1804. It is still supervised by the
14:
5553:
5181:National Centre for Distance Education
5111:École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tarbes
2871:Chappey, Jean-Luc (1 September 2004).
2414:École polytechnique, école d'ingénieur
1235:The nearest regional train station is
217:contains content that is written like
27:Public university in Palaiseau, France
5101:École nationale d'ingénieurs de Brest
4892:
3564:
3556:Présentation au drapeau Polytechnique
3516:"In France, the Heads No Longer Roll"
3458:
3071:First Period : General Education
3004:École polytechnique – Un cadre unique
2948:
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5240:École nationale de l'aviation civile
5106:École nationale d'ingénieurs de Metz
3265:
3230:"Admissions Criteria and Procedures"
3046:Décret n°96-1124 du 20 décembre 1996
2339:
2337:
1843:(X1872), Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
1644:Corps of Bridges, Waters and Forests
1409:
1385:and nearby institutions such as the
1310:(administratively speaking, it is a
1203:Montagne Saint-Geneviève (1805–1976)
347:For the Homeland, Science, and Glory
201:
84:
43:
39:École Polytechnique (disambiguation)
5456:Ministry of Territorial Development
5311:Centre national des arts plastiques
5297:Bibliothèque publique d'information
4799:National School of Mineral Industry
2979:"Histoire de l'École polytechnique"
2661:Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes
1891:
1874:List of École Polytechnique faculty
1762:
1750:
1730:
1721:
1434:The program awards the prestigious
24:
5398:Musée national Jean-Jacques Henner
4794:École Hassania des travaux publics
3272:Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire
2935:
2831:
2814:"Journal de l'École polytechnique"
2590:
1870:List of École Polytechnique alumni
1282:
1172:
956:École centrale des travaux publics
564:Bataillon de l'École polytechnique
324:École centrale des Travaux publics
25:
5597:
5275:Agency for French Teaching Abroad
5221:Ministry of Ecological Transition
5206:Agence de services et de paiement
4755:École de design Nantes Atlantique
3526:
3501:The American Mathematical Monthly
2983:enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr
2614:The American Mathematical Monthly
2334:
1919:
1824:
1711:Tuition and financial obligations
1673:grands corps techniques de l'État
1084:
999:Journal de l'École polytechnique"
723:in 1814. A copy was installed in
673:citation to the order of the army
59:This article has multiple issues.
5529:Chamber of Commerce and Industry
5501:Agence Nationale de la Recherche
5367:Établissement public des musées
5293:Bibliothèque nationale de France
5196:Ministry of Agriculture and Food
3166:Ingénieur Polytechnicien Program
3122:Décret n°2000-497 du 5 juin 2000
2251:
2223:
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2199:The main hall seen from the lake
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1987:
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1959:
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1930:École normale supérieure (Paris)
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1833:
1464:There are two ways to enter the
1308:General Directorate for Armament
571:
327:(Central School of Public Works)
298:
206:
89:
48:
5541:Association syndicale autorisée
5381:Institut national du patrimoine
5168:Ministry of National Education,
5039:Ministry of Economy and Finance
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3110:Décret 87-16 du 14 janvier 1987
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2498:
2385:"History - École polytechnique"
1802:
1278:Organization and administration
810:Paris-Saclay technology cluster
802:French Ministry of Armed Forces
67:or discuss these issues on the
5490:French Academy of Technologies
5301:Centre des monuments nationaux
5255:French Office for Biodiversity
5245:Institut Géographique National
5091:Groupe Concours Polytechniques
5072:École des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux
5021:Ministry of Labour, Employment
4847:Technical University of Madrid
4534:European Business School Paris
3484:. Princeton Universitv Press.
3480:Gillispie, Charles C. (2004).
3155:International Exchange Program
2478:
2453:
2428:
2402:
2377:
2362:
2306:"Study at École polytechnique"
2080:
1898:Polytechnic Institute of Paris
783:Polytechnic Institute of Paris
388:Polytechnic Institute of Paris
176:You may also add the template
13:
1:
5586:Universities in Île-de-France
5566:1794 establishments in France
5413:Musée national Gustave Moreau
5403:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
5228:Agence nationale de l'habitat
5212:Inventaire Forestier National
5082:Ministry of Higher Education,
4804:Louvain School of Engineering
3592:Conférence des Grandes écoles
3136:, École Poytechnique web site
2700:Revue d'histoire des sciences
2282:
2146:
1599:programme d'approfondissement
1485:
1460:Foreign students of the École
1365:Activities and teaching staff
1270:and some laboratories of the
1020:of central Paris to become a
5119:Institut d'études politiques
3256:École polytechnique web site
2879:(in French) (337): 223–227.
2577:programmes.polytechnique.edu
2465:programmes.polytechnique.edu
2440:programmes.polytechnique.edu
2217:Bastille Day Military Parade
1656:École des ponts et chaussées
1556:
1451:
1349:wear the 19th-century-style
1325:, both male and female, are
1319:General engineer of Armament
1297:Bastille Day Military Parade
1139:
1008:I transferred the School to
991:École des ponts et chaussées
804:. Originally located in the
369:; 230 years ago
7:
4972:Musée national de la Marine
4401:Télécom Physique Strasbourg
3134:The French 'Grandes Écoles'
3030:Arrêté du 12 septembre 2005
3017:Code de l'éducation, L675-1
2244:
1886:
1197:7th arrondissement of Paris
1148:Historical entrance of the
148:will aid in categorization.
10:
5602:
5375:- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
3522:, Sunday, 17 February 2008
3182:"Ingenieur Polytechnicien"
2272:Higher education in France
2170:
1867:
1630:Class rank and career path
1304:French Ministry of Defence
1034:and by his admiration for
937:Foundation and early years
900:
796:and was militarized under
123:Machine translation, like
29:
5472:
5454:
5436:
5283:
5263:
5235:École des Ponts ParisTech
5219:
5194:
5166:
5080:
5067:École des mines de Nantes
5037:
5019:
5008:Right of Asylum in France
4998:
4926:
4860:
4783:
4765:Université Paris-Dauphine
4632:
4434:
3715:École des ponts ParisTech
3631:Arts et Métiers ParisTech
3598:
3459:Clark, Burton R. (1993).
2759:10.1007/s11012-013-9866-9
2573:"Présentation de l'École"
1815:
1444:In addition to the 2,000
1428:'Polytechnicien Engineer'
1209:
1179:
1164:
1150:
1099:
1055:
1014:
1010:Montagne Sainte-Geneviève
977:
955:
911:
733:
690:
682:
677:
670:Croix de guerre 1939–1945
667:Croix de guerre 1914–1918
656:
638:
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618:
605:
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587:
579:
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535:
519:
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454:2,000 engineer candidates
448:
438:
430:
422:
409:
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381:
363:
351:
341:
331:
323:
316:
306:
297:
290:
104:the corresponding article
5320:Centre national du livre
5057:École des Mines de Douai
5000:Ministry of the Interior
4928:Ministry of Armed Forces
3390:18 December 2008 at the
2509:École Normale Supérieure
1648:Ecole Normale Supérieure
1611:École des mines de Paris
1383:École Normale Supérieure
1183:was first housed in the
1067:The French Second Empire
5537:Île-de-France Mobilités
5388:Palace of Fontainebleau
5306:Centre Georges Pompidou
5145:Côte d'Azur Observatory
5084:Research and Innovation
3538:Online alumni community
2818:jep.centre-mersenne.org
2694:Langins, Janis (1991).
2673:10.3406/bec.1889.447566
2542:(who was the nephew of
1635:equity among students.
1466:Polytechnicien Engineer
1024:and gave it its motto:
943:Jacques-Élie Lamblardie
691:Colonel of the Regiment
187:For more guidance, see
5505:AD Isère Drac Romanche
5438:Ministry of Solidarity
5334:Conservatoire de Paris
5265:Ministry of Europe and
5062:École des mines d'Alès
5023:and Economic Inclusion
4832:Polytechnique Montréal
4809:Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
4464:Emlyon Business School
4369:Institut Mines-Télécom
3621:Bordeaux Sciences Agro
3083:Arrêté du 14 août 2001
2505:Jean-Christophe Yoccoz
2371:Les écoles de l'an III
2153:
1747:
1563:buttons and a belt, a
1502:
1461:
1422:
1402:
1381:, as well as from the
1344:
1299:
1189:
1169:
1155:
1119:From post-war to today
1026:
933:
922:
728:
708:
37:. For other uses, see
3300:"Ecole polytechnique"
2712:10.3406/rhs.1991.4174
2655:Stein, Henri (1889).
2436:"Bachelor of Science"
2389:www.polytechnique.edu
1745:
1571:(officially called a
1500:
1471:classes préparatoires
1459:
1417:
1290:
1227:Palaiseau (from 1976)
1161:
1147:
995:Journal Polytechnique
928:
908:
857:, physicists such as
714:
706:
395:Academic affiliations
343:Motto in English
238:neutral point of view
189:Knowledge:Translation
160:copyright attribution
4852:University of Lisbon
4760:Sciences Po Grenoble
4514:ESCP Business School
3546:Polytechnique Online
3285:10.3917/vin.114.0016
3266:Joly, Hervé (2012).
2546:and the grandson of
2544:Carnot the physicist
1904:Research performance
1858:(X1898), founder of
1391:Université Paris-Sud
1264:Université Paris-Sud
1079:Second French Empire
835:Presidents of France
707:Emblem of the school
5561:École Polytechnique
5285:Ministry of Culture
4951:École Polytechnique
4784:Universities abroad
3947:École Polytechnique
3366:QS Top Universities
3100:, official web site
2958:École polytechnique
2954:"From 1958 to 2018"
2922:École polytechnique
2848:École polytechnique
2793:École polytechnique
2369:Michel Nusimovici,
2349:archive.wikiwix.com
2328:École polytechnique
2310:École polytechnique
2186:École polytechnique
1479:classe préparatoire
1437:diplôme d'ingénieur
1180:École polytechnique
1168:campus in Palaiseau
1165:École polytechnique
1151:École polytechnique
1134:François Mitterrand
1100:École polytechnique
1056:École polytechnique
1032:Egyptian expedition
978:École polytechnique
734:École polytechnique
658:Battle honours
623:French Armed Forces
613:research university
555:École polytechnique
500: /
294:
291:École polytechnique
230:promotional content
18:Ecole Polytechnique
5186:Ward of the Nation
4982:Académie de Marine
4873:Mastère spécialisé
4861:Accredited degrees
4705:ENSCI–Les Ateliers
4484:ESC Bretagne Brest
4173:Institut d'optique
3520:The New York Times
3329:www.urapcenter.org
3304:nturanking.csti.tw
3210:. 16 February 2017
1748:
1557:full dress uniform
1503:
1462:
1423:
1387:Institut d'Optique
1300:
1291:The Polytechnique
1170:
1156:
934:
923:
917:, photographed by
881:. French Marshals
749:Polytechnic School
729:
709:
683:Commanding Officer
583:September 28, 1794
504:48.7125°N 2.2100°E
383:Parent institution
288:
232:and inappropriate
168:interlanguage link
5548:
5547:
4886:
4885:
4002:ESIEE Engineering
3491:978-0-691-11541-2
3472:978-0-520-07997-7
3351:, 25 January 2016
2886:10.4000/ahrf.1564
2144:
2143:
2051:
2050:
1941:QS Rank (Change)
1660:Télécom ParisTech
1419:Benoît Mandelbrot
1410:Academic programs
1191:hôtel particulier
1109:French Resistance
1004:In 1805, Emperor
997:(former name of "
873:, and economists
855:Benoît Mandelbrot
794:French Revolution
698:
697:
547:
546:
541:polytechnique.edu
463:Doctoral students
284:
283:
276:
266:
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258:
200:
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116:
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82:
16:(Redirected from
5593:
5170:Youth and Sports
4967:Musée de l'Armée
4913:
4906:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4675:ENS Paris-Saclay
4436:Business schools
4297:Clermont-Ferrand
3636:Chimie ParisTech
3611:Agrocampus Ouest
3585:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3542:
3533:Official website
3512:
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2856:
2854:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2826:
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2804:
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2799:
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2779:
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2731:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2626:10.2307/30037440
2605:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2569:
2563:
2537:
2531:
2528:Laurent Schwartz
2525:
2502:
2496:
2482:
2476:
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2473:
2471:
2457:
2451:
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2446:
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2320:
2314:
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2302:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2227:
2208:
2196:
2184:The Arms of the
2181:
2158:
2139:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2064:
2063:
2046:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1935:
1934:
1892:General rankings
1852:
1837:
1773:computer science
1763:Research centres
1751:Doctoral program
1731:Master's program
1722:Bachelor program
1492:military service
1405:
1400:civil servants (
1347:
1251:RER station and
1243:, zone 4 of the
1214:
1213:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1102:
1101:
1095:Second World War
1058:
1057:
1029:
1022:military academy
1019:
1018:
980:
979:
958:
957:
916:
915:
851:Laurent Schwartz
766:
754:; also known as
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
736:
735:
721:defence of Paris
663:Legion of Honour
575:
566:
565:
557:
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549:
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543:
531:Red & yellow
530:
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219:an advertisement
210:
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146:|topic=
144:, and specifying
129:Google Translate
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5439:
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5408:Musée du Louvre
5344:École du Louvre
5279:
5267:Foreign Affairs
5266:
5259:
5231:Agence de l'eau
5215:
5190:
5169:
5162:
5083:
5076:
5047:Mines ParisTech
5033:
5022:
5015:
4994:
4941:ENSTA ParisTech
4922:
4917:
4887:
4882:
4856:
4779:
4628:
4430:
4287:Annecy-Chambéry
4141:Hauts-de-France
4022:ESPCI ParisTech
3932:ENSTA ParisTech
3897:ENSG-Géomatique
3882:ENSEIRB-MATMECA
3872:ENSCBP Bordeaux
3827:ENSAE ParisTech
3785:Mines ParisTech
3755:École des mines
3594:
3589:
3540:
3529:
3492:
3473:
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3392:Wayback Machine
3384:
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2649:
2606:
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2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2538:
2534:
2519:
2515:in 1985 in the
2503:
2499:
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2479:
2469:
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2459:
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2335:
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2290:
2285:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2240:
2228:
2219:
2209:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2149:
1922:
1906:
1894:
1889:
1876:
1868:Main articles:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1841:Henri Becquerel
1838:
1827:
1818:
1805:
1771:, mathematics,
1765:
1753:
1733:
1724:
1713:
1697:polytechniciens
1652:École des mines
1640:Corps des Mines
1632:
1621:in Toulouse or
1488:
1454:
1432:
1412:
1367:
1345:polytechniciens
1323:polytechniciens
1285:
1283:Specific status
1280:
1249:Massy-Palaiseau
1229:
1205:
1175:
1173:Early locations
1142:
1121:
1087:
1069:
1061:July Revolution
1051:the restoration
1047:Sixth Coalition
987:École des mines
939:
903:
831:Fields Medalist
751:
748:
745:
742:
719:rushing to the
701:
643:Sixth Coalition
539:
528:
525:
509:48.7125; 2.2100
508:
506:
502:
499:
494:
491:
489:
487:
486:
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455:
396:
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373:
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111:(December 2021)
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42:
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5474:
5473:Not classified
5470:
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5405:
5400:
5395:
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5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:de l'Orangerie
5365:
5360:
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5341:
5336:
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5321:
5318:
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5092:
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5064:
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5049:
5043:
5041:
5035:
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5032:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4979:
4977:Musée de l'Air
4974:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
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4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
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4908:
4901:
4893:
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4772:
4767:
4762:
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4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
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4697:
4692:
4687:
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4667:
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4536:
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4516:
4511:
4506:
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4496:
4491:
4489:La Rochelle BS
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
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4408:
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4376:
4366:
4364:SIGMA Clermont
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4282:Polytech Group
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:ENSTA Bretagne
4257:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
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4200:
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4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
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4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
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3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
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3939:
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3867:
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3857:
3852:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:École de l'air
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3661:École centrale
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:Agro ParisTech
3613:
3607:
3605:
3602:grandes écoles
3596:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3528:
3527:External links
3525:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3496:
3490:
3477:
3471:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3422:
3395:
3378:
3353:
3341:
3316:
3291:
3278:(114): 16–32.
3258:
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3191:(5.79 MB)
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2780:
2733:
2686:
2667:(1): 218–228.
2647:
2620:(3): 233–250.
2589:
2564:
2532:
2513:Michael Herman
2497:
2477:
2461:"Career Paths"
2452:
2427:
2401:
2376:
2361:
2333:
2315:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Grandes écoles
2263:
2262:
2246:
2243:
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2241:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2203:
2201:
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2155:grandes écoles
2148:
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2118:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:Rank (Change)
2068:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1921:
1920:Other rankings
1918:
1905:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:Notable people
1823:
1817:
1814:
1804:
1801:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1712:
1709:
1692:respectively.
1631:
1628:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1508:
1507:
1487:
1484:
1453:
1450:
1446:polytechnicien
1431:
1424:
1411:
1408:
1403:fonctionnaires
1366:
1363:
1359:Grand Uniforme
1353:, including a
1351:Grand Uniforme
1335:Champs-Élysées
1306:, through the
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1228:
1225:
1211:Quartier Latin
1204:
1201:
1185:Palais Bourbon
1174:
1171:
1141:
1138:
1120:
1117:
1086:
1085:The World Wars
1083:
1068:
1065:
1016:Quartier Latin
983:École du génie
938:
935:
913:Quartier Latin
902:
899:
875:Maurice Allais
847:Henri Poincaré
817:officer cadets
764:[liks]
699:
696:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
680:
679:
675:
674:
660:
654:
653:
640:
636:
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630:
626:
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620:
616:
615:
607:
603:
602:
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595:
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568:
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559:
558:
545:
544:
537:
533:
532:
523:
517:
516:
482:
476:
474:
470:
469:
466:
461:
458:
457:
452:
446:
445:
442:
440:Undergraduates
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
426:Laura Chaubard
424:
420:
419:
416:Laura Chaubard
413:
407:
406:
397:
394:
391:
390:
385:
382:
379:
378:
365:
361:
360:
353:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
333:
329:
328:
320:
317:
314:
313:
310:
307:
304:
303:
282:
281:
264:
263:
246:September 2022
234:external links
214:
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137:adding a topic
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5499:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
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5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:Musée Picasso
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Guimet Museum
5391:
5389:
5386:
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5380:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5361:
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5299:
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5270:
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5238:
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5230:
5227:
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5208:
5205:
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5201:
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100:You can help
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5250:Météo-France
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4814:HEC Lausanne
4559:ICN Graduate
4494:ESC Clermont
4474:EM Normandie
4347:Paris-Saclay
4275:Supmicrotech
4094:INP Toulouse
4042:Grenoble INP
3997:ESIEE Amiens
3765:Albi-Carmaux
3725:École navale
3600:
3599:Engineering
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3453:Bibliography
3438:. Retrieved
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3413:. Retrieved
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3214:15 September
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2851:. Retrieved
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2753:(1): 13–21.
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2706:(1): 61–89.
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2580:. Retrieved
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2413:
2410:"Les élèves"
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2352:. Retrieved
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1803:Student life
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1541:École Navale
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619:Part of
418:(by interim)
357:Grande école
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228:by removing
224:Please help
216:
164:edit summary
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68:
62:
61:Please help
58:
32:
5423:Musée Rodin
5117:7 of the 9
5094:3 of the 4
4660:ENAC Alumni
4640:CELSA Paris
4599:Montpellier
4426:VetAgro Sup
4322:Montpellier
4017:ESME-Sudria
3855:Montpellier
3703:ECAM Rennes
3541:(in French)
2985:(in French)
2582:13 November
2548:Carnot the
2540:Sadi Carnot
2520: [
2470:13 November
2445:13 November
2420:13 November
2416:(in French)
2394:12 February
2151:The French
1664:ENSTA Paris
1605:Fourth year
1584:Second year
1565:small sword
1533:Gendarmerie
1517:La Courtine
1293:color guard
1245:RER network
1162:Map of the
1105:Free French
1091:World War I
969:mathematics
961:Vendémiaire
919:Jules David
879:Jean Tirole
829:winners, a
827:Nobel Prize
792:during the
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507: /
456:500 masters
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318:Former name
5555:Categories
5440:and Health
4735:HEC Alumni
4710:ENV Alfort
4695:ENSA Nancy
4690:ENS Rennes
4544:ESC Troyes
4504:ESC Rennes
4406:Unilasalle
4240:ITECH Lyon
4198:ISARA Lyon
4161:Strasbourg
4089:IFP School
4012:ESITC Caen
3435:Inegalites
3334:22 October
3309:22 October
3073:, web site
2283:References
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2147:Criticisms
1686:X-Télécoms
1593:Third year
1569:cocked hat
1553:World Wars
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3710:ECE Paris
3698:ECAM Lyon
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