2012:
2035:
2001:
121:
1001:
The lower two come from
European stratigraphy, the top from Russian stratigraphy. Besides Europe and Russia, there are many local subdivisions that are used as alternatives for the international timescale. In the North American system, the Mississippian is subdivided into four stages:
892:
that define the
Mississippian are well identified, but the exact start and end dates are uncertain by a few million years. The Mississippian is so named because rocks with this age are exposed in the
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1058:
1381:
1226:
1270:
2076:
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1374:
610:
561:
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686:
2110:
2100:
1367:
17:
844:
490:
2095:
2069:
1234:
1256:
2115:
2062:
1390:
599:
30:"Mississippian period" and "Early Carboniferous" redirect here. For the North American civilization, see
2105:
1333:
444:
2050:
1658:
1297:
935:
919:, and carbonate sedimentation on the surrounding continental platforms, covered by shallow seas.
508:
332:
1203:
652:
957:
943:
870:
31:
1039:
978:
In the international geologic timescale, the
Mississippian is subdivided into three stages:
900:
387:
354:
8:
1994:
1074:
962:
376:
343:
125:
Map of Earth as it appeared 340 million years ago during the
Mississippian, Viséan stage
1096:
893:
866:
398:
365:
1122:
1792:
1756:
1059:"The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary stratotype section (La Serre, France) revisited"
634:
1886:
1761:
1730:
1527:
1070:
881:
862:
797:
734:
1155:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1855:
1751:
1689:
1584:
1553:
1522:
1123:"The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA"
908:
874:
48:
2011:
2046:
2005:
1824:
1694:
1589:
1558:
1160:
676:
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527:
1359:
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1725:
1715:
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885:
878:
764:
751:
701:
688:
300:
79:
2016:
1947:
1797:
1720:
1317:
1176:
Planet Earth: Cosmology, Geology, and the
Evolution of Life and Environment
982:
660:
426:
1121:
Lane, H.; Brenckle, Paul; Baesemann, J.; Richards, Barry (December 1999).
884:
lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago. As with most other
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1942:
1811:
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1427:
1307:
994:
408:
54:
1937:
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1411:
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1009:
453:
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64:
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1952:
1902:
1876:
1835:
1782:
1627:
1603:
1484:
1474:
1463:
1227:"Foraminifera Gallery Database search for Mississippian Foraminifera"
946:. The USGS geologic time scale shows its relation to other periods.
927:
278:
104:
903:
in the
Northern Hemisphere: the sea level was so high that only the
417:
1912:
1907:
1871:
1771:
1704:
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931:
730:
672:
656:
462:
289:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
953:, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are grouped together as the
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1866:
1616:
1453:
1437:
939:
889:
311:
120:
109:
84:
1962:
1845:
1479:
1312:
988:
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916:
912:
680:
1120:
1097:"Decision on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype"
1095:
Paproth, Eva; Feist, Raimund; Flajs, Gerd (December 1991).
833:
827:
1015:
Osagean (top of the
Tournaisian and bottom of the Visean)
821:
812:
806:
664:(discovered to have biostratigraphic issues as of 2006)
845:
836:
818:
809:
800:
1006:
824:
815:
803:
137:
926:, where the interval consists primarily of marine
560:Subdivision of the Carboniferous according to the
1094:
938:. During the Mississippian an important phase of
930:, it is treated as a geologic period between the
2087:
1389:
915:were surrounded by extensive delta systems and
2070:
1375:
1264:
877:. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the
1046:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
830:
27:First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
2077:
2063:
1382:
1368:
1271:
1257:
567:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1021:(the lower two-thirds of the Tournaisian)
1278:
960:, and traditionally referred to as the
14:
2088:
1056:
557:
1363:
1252:
2029:
535:
516:
498:
480:
1981:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
745:Arrow Canyon, Nevada, United States
24:
1985:= megaannum (millions years ago);
899:The Mississippian was a period of
25:
2127:
1989:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1196:
491:Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse
2033:
2010:
1999:
1075:10.1127/0078-0421/2009/0043-0195
796:
119:
52:
1214:from the original on 2019-03-15
1057:Kaiser, Sandra (1 April 2009).
973:
1181:
1168:
1148:
1114:
1088:
1050:
1032:
479:
13:
1:
1428:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1025:
2049:. You can help Knowledge by
735:Declinognathodus nodiliferus
7:
2111:Carboniferous United States
2101:Carboniferous geochronology
1391:Geological history of Earth
1063:Newsletters on Stratigraphy
558:
272:
10:
2132:
2028:
1664:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1659:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1423:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1204:"The Carboniferous Period"
47:358.9 ± 0.4 – 323.2 ± 0.4
29:
1976:
1961:
1948:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1925:
1885:
1854:
1823:
1810:
1798:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1770:
1739:
1703:
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1615:
1602:
1567:
1536:
1510:
1497:
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1410:
1397:
1286:
1161:Dictionary.com Unabridged
780:
741:
726:Upper boundary definition
725:
717:
668:
649:Lower boundary definition
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640:
630:
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617:
605:
595:
590:
582:
577:
135:
130:
118:
44:
39:
1943:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1788:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1633:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1485:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1475:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1208:University of California
140:
2096:Mississippian (geology)
1938:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1903:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1898:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1841:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1731:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1638:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1449:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
263:−300 —
253:−305 —
243:−310 —
233:−315 —
223:−320 —
213:−325 —
203:−330 —
193:−335 —
183:−340 —
173:−345 —
163:−350 —
153:−355 —
143:−360 —
1908:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1877:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1836:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1783:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1628:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1454:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1913:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1872:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1793:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1480:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
944:Appalachian Mountains
32:Mississippian culture
1953:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1846:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1726:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1716:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1280:Carboniferous Period
1044:www.stratigraphy.org
997:(358.9 to 346.7 mya)
991:(346.7 to 330.9 mya)
985:(330.9 to 323.2 mya)
905:Fennoscandian Shield
901:marine transgression
765:36.7333°N 114.7778°W
661:Siphonodella sulcata
2116:Geochronology stubs
2008: •
1997: •
1995:Geologic time scale
1757:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1721:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1690:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1585:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1554:Middle (164–174 Ma)
968:Lower Carboniferous
963:Upper Carboniferous
911:were dry land. The
859:Early Carboniferous
855:Lower Carboniferous
781:Upper GSSP ratified
761: /
742:Upper boundary GSSP
718:Lower GSSP ratified
698: /
669:Lower boundary GSSP
641:Time span formality
509:Mazon Creek Fossils
18:Early Mississippian
2006:Geology portal
1867:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1762:Early (470–485 Ma)
1695:Early (393–419 Ma)
1590:Early (247–252 Ma)
1559:Early (174–201 Ma)
1528:Early (100–145 Ma)
1523:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1040:"Chart/Time Scale"
894:Mississippi Valley
867:geologic timescale
770:36.7333; -114.7778
702:43.5555°N 3.3573°E
631:Chronological unit
618:Time scale(s) used
2106:Geological epochs
2058:
2057:
2023:
2022:
1921:
1920:
1887:Paleoproterozoic
1806:
1805:
1752:Late (444–458 Ma)
1685:Late (359–383 Ma)
1598:
1597:
1580:Late (201–237 Ma)
1549:Late (145–164 Ma)
1493:
1492:
1414:(present–2.58 Ma)
1402:(present–66.0 Ma)
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1174:Cesare Emiliani,
909:Laurentian Shield
788:
787:
591:Usage information
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571:
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16:(Redirected from
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2017:World portal
2015:
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1856:Mesoproterozoic
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1233:. Archived from
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1998:
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1917:
1888:
1881:
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1825:Neoproterozoic
1815:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
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1812:Proterozoic Eon
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1156:"Mississippian"
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1895:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1822:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1604:Paleozoic Era
1601:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:(66.0–145 Ma)
1509:
1506:
1504:
1502:(66.0–252 Ma)
1496:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:Pennsylvanian
1296:
1294:
1293:Mississippian
1291:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1237:on 2019-03-15
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1020:
1019:Kinderhookian
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
979:
971:
969:
965:
964:
959:
956:
955:Carboniferous
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:Pennsylvanian
933:
929:
925:
924:North America
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:
879:Carboniferous
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
841:
793:
792:Mississippian
783:
779:
774:
744:
740:
737:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:
633:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:
598:
594:
589:
585:
581:
576:
565:
564:, as of 2021.
563:
556:
548:
543:
538:
537:
529:
524:
519:
518:
510:
506:
501:
500:
492:
488:
483:
482:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
400:
389:
378:
367:
356:
345:
334:
333:Pennsylvanian
323:
322:Mississippian
314:
313:
304:
302:
301:Carboniferous
292:
291:
282:
280:
139:
134:
129:
122:
117:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
43:
40:Mississippian
38:
33:
19:
2051:expanding it
2040:
2025:
1991:
1927:Archean Eon
1889:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1774:(485–539 Ma)
1743:(444–485 Ma)
1707:(419–444 Ma)
1676:(359–419 Ma)
1663:
1650:(299–359 Ma)
1619:(252–299 Ma)
1607:(252–539 Ma)
1571:(201–252 Ma)
1540:(145–201 Ma)
1499:Mesozoic Era
1399:Cenozoic Era
1318:Serpukhovian
1292:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1230:
1216:. Retrieved
1207:
1183:
1175:
1170:
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1133:
1129:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1066:
1062:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1000:
983:Serpukhovian
977:
974:Subdivisions
967:
961:
948:
921:
898:
858:
854:
791:
789:
733:
659:
559:
427:Serpukhovian
321:
310:
298:
288:
276:
1963:Hadean Eon
1741:Ordovician
1512:Cretaceous
1412:Quaternary
1308:Tournaisian
1069:: 195–205.
995:Tournaisian
888:units, the
768: /
756:114°46′40″W
729:FAD of the
705: /
547:Romer's Gap
528:Romer's Gap
409:Tournaisian
2090:Categories
1965:(4–4.6 Ga)
1929:(2.5–4 Ga)
1858:(1–1.6 Ga)
1464:Paleogene
1339:Kasimovian
1329:Bashkirian
1241:2019-03-15
1218:2019-03-15
1140:8 December
1110:: 331–336.
1080:7 December
1026:References
1010:Meramecian
928:limestones
753:36°44′00″N
690:43°33′20″N
626:Definition
454:Kasimovian
436:Bashkirian
131:Chronology
1992:See also:
1772:Cambrian
1705:Silurian
1674:Devonian
1569:Triassic
1538:Jurassic
1334:Moscovian
1178:1992 496.
1136:: 272–283
970:instead.
890:rock beds
871:subsystem
863:subperiod
693:3°21′26″E
635:Subperiod
578:Etymology
545:Start of
445:Moscovian
279:Paleozoic
1617:Permian
1438:Neogene
1344:Gzhelian
1212:Archived
1130:Episodes
1104:Episodes
934:and the
932:Devonian
907:and the
731:Conodont
673:La Serre
657:Conodont
609:Global (
463:Gzhelian
290:Devonian
940:orogeny
917:lagoons
913:cratons
873:of the
865:in the
861:) is a
846:miss-ə-
655:of the
540:←
526:End of
521:←
503:←
485:←
312:Permian
268:–
258:–
248:–
238:–
228:–
218:–
208:–
198:–
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
1971:
1313:Visean
989:Visean
958:system
951:Europe
882:period
850:-ee-ən
681:France
644:Formal
586:Formal
475:
470:
418:Viséan
355:Middle
2041:This
1126:(PDF)
1100:(PDF)
869:or a
600:Earth
377:Early
344:Early
2047:stub
1142:2020
1082:2020
966:and
790:The
784:1996
721:1990
399:Late
366:Late
55:PreꞒ
1071:doi
949:In
922:In
857:or
848:SIP
653:FAD
611:ICS
562:ICS
388:Mid
2092::
1987:Ga
1983:Ma
1979:ka
1229:.
1210:.
1206:.
1158:.
1134:22
1132:.
1128:.
1108:14
1106:.
1102:.
1067:43
1065:.
1061:.
1042:.
896:.
679:,
675:,
105:Pg
49:Ma
2078:e
2071:t
2064:v
2053:.
1383:e
1376:t
1369:v
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1244:.
1221:.
1144:.
1084:.
1073::
840:/
837:n
834:ə
831:.
828:i
825:p
822:ɪ
819:s
816:ˈ
813:ɪ
810:s
807:ɪ
804:m
801:ˌ
798:/
794:(
613:)
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
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