1387:
61:
1627:, an even lower-end S/390 system than Multiprise, shipped by the end of 1998. It emerged from a line of S/390-compatibility/coprocessor cards for PCs, but is a true S/390 system capable of server duties, having relegated the Pentium II to the role of an I/O coprocessor. It was the first S/390 server to support PCI. It had the same performance and 256 MB maximum memory capacity as the 7 years older low-end 9221 model 170.
52:
2313:
The ES/9000 family's 18 models - successors to the proven IBM Enterprise System families ES/9370, ES/4381 , and ES/3090 - provide a solid foundation for increased computing performance and function. The family's performance range spans a 100-fold growth from the compact, rack-mounted Model 120 to the
1573:
reduction from the G3. The initial G4-based models became available in June 1997, but it wasn't until the 370 MHz model RY5 (with a "Modular
Cooling Unit") became available at the end of the year that a 9672 would almost match the 141 MHz model 9X2's performance. At 370 MHz it was the
1829:
As explained by IBM, the MIPS ratings are varying estimates. Besides 468 MIPS, ratings of 465, 467, 475, 480, 484.5, and 485 MIPS exist. IBM's own publication also implies 485 MIPS, but later IBM rated it 510 MIPS. For different workloads different ratings exist, calculated from IBM's LSPR ratings,
1374:
allows different operating systems to run concurrently in separate logical partitions (LPARs), with a high degree of isolation. Initially 7 partitions per a disconnected side were supported. In
December 1992 the LPAR capacity of the H2 (520-based) models was increased to 10 per a disconnected side.
2417:
There are many published sources of processor capacity data available in the industry today. Most of these sources provide data in the form of MIPS tables. MIPS tables available from consultants and industry watchers are not based on independent measurements. Rather, they typically are developed
444:
The lower 6 of the 8 water-cooled models (codenamed H0) were immediately available, but used the same processor as the 3090-J, still at the 69 MHz (14.5 ns) maximum frequency and thus with unchanged performance. Those models' main difference from the 3090-J was the optional addition of
453:
and
Integrated Cryptographic Feature. Only the models 900 and 820 had an all-new design (codenamed H2), featuring private split I+D 128+128 KB L1 caches and a shared 4 MB L2 cache (2 MB per side) with 11-cycle latency, more direct interconnects between the processors, multi-level
1582:. The execution units in each G4 processor are duplicated for the purpose of error detection and correction. Arriving in late September 1998, the G5 more than doubled the performance over any previous IBM mainframe, and restored IBM's performance lead that had been lost to
396:
The IBM z13 was the last z
Systems server to support running an operating system in ESA/390 architecture mode. However, all 24-bit and 31-bit problem-state application programs originally written to run on the ESA/390 architecture readily run unaffected by this change.
1394:
Launched in 1994 first as the "Parallel
Transaction Server" (alongside the 9673 "Parallel Query Server"), subsumed by the "Parallel Enterprise Server" launched later in the year, the six generations of the IBM 9672 machines transitioned IBM's mainframes fully to
426:) in the 9021 and 67 MHz in the 9121 to 26-33 MHz (38-30 ns) in the 9221. The 9221 models 120, 130 and 150 were initially available only with the "System/370 Base Option"; the "ESA Option" shipped in July 1991. The 9221 processors were made of
1403:-based except the 9221) models would be released after 1994. The initial generations of 9672 were slower than the largest ES/9000 sold in parallel, but the fifth and sixth generations were the most powerful and capable ESA/390 machines built by IBM.
2876:
2364:
493:) model 982 became available, with models 972, 962, 952, 942, 941, 831, 822, 821 and 711 following in March. These models, codenamed H5, had double the L2 cache and 30% higher per-processor performance than the H2 line, and added a hardware
1607:
2000, positioned below the 9672. It used the same technology as the 9672 G3, but it fit half as many processors (up to five) and its off-chip caches were smaller. The 9672 G3 and the
Multiprise 2000 were the last versions to support pre-XA
2149:
1564:
In the course of the generations, CPUs added more instructions and increased performance. The first three generations (G1 to G3) focused on low cost. The 4th generation was aimed at matching the performance of the last
384:
Machines supporting the architecture were sold under the brand System/390 (S/390) from
September 1990. The 9672 implementations of System/390 were the first high-end IBM mainframe architecture implemented first with
2727:
3501:
S/390 Integrated Server, which turned the PC-based P/390 into a full-fledged member of the S/390 family. This machine, which was supposed to ship in volume in early
November, started shipping in late December
3296:
Slegel, T.J.; Averill, R.M.; Check, M.A.; Giamei, B.C.; Krumm, B.W.; Krygowski, C.A.; Li, W.H.; Liptay, J.S.; MacDougall, J.D.; McPherson, T.J.; Navarro, J.A.; Schwarz, E.M.; Shum, K.; Webb, C.F. (1999).
1590:
floating-point formats. The thousandth G5 system shipped less than 100 days after the manufacturing began; the greatest ramping of production in S/390's history. In late May 1999 the G6 arrived featuring
30:"IBM ES/9000" redirects here. For the IBM System 9000 family of computers, originally announced in 1982 as the IBM Instruments Computer System Model 9000 laboratory computer/instrument controller, see
486:
pipeline. Models 820 and 900 shipped to customers in
September 1991, a year later than the models with older technology. Later these new technologies were used in models 520, 640, 660, 740 and 860.
381:
IBM periodically added named features to ESA/390 in conjunction with new processors; the ESA/390 Principles of
Operation manual identifies them only by name, not by the processors supporting them.
3005:
2713:
2678:
2329:
355:
Despite the fact that IBM mentioned the 9000 family first in some of the day's announcements, it was clear "by the end of the day" that it was "for System/390," although it was a shortened name,
1569:
model, the 9021-9X2. It was decided to be accomplished by pursuing high clock frequencies. The G4 could reach 70% higher frequency than the G3 at silicon process parity, but it suffered a 23%
1830:
which can change with OS and microcode updates. Hence confusion. The rated MIPS should also not be confused with the theoretical maximum sustainable MIPS, which is 2817 for model 9X2.
2974:
2418:
using manufacturer's announced performance claims. Over time, some of these MIPS tables may include a subjective analysis of feedback from various customers of these systems.
3148:
362:
The ES/9000 include rack-mounted models, free standing air cooled models and water cooled models. The low end models were substantially less expensive than the 3090 or
2805:
3400:
1375:
For example, a two-processor model 660 could now support up to 20 partitions instead of 14, if the two sides (each with one processor) are electrically isolated.
3569:
2741:
2256:
1762:
1624:
1586:'s Skyline mainframes in 1995. The G5 operated at up to 500 MHz, again second only to the DEC Alphas into early 1999. The G5 also added support for the
422:
respectively. The largest announced model had a 100-fold performance over the smallest model, and the clock frequency ranged from 67-111 MHz (15-9
260:
3431:
255:. The first computers to use the ESA/390 were the Enterprise System/9000 (ES/9000) family, which were introduced in 1990. These were followed by the 9672,
3070:
211:
2516:
1326:
per Central Processor available on the 9021 and 9121. First used on the 3090 to replace the IBM 3838 array processor announced in 1976 for System/370.
2402:
3514:
3478:
2991:
3192:
3171:
298:
On September 5, 1990, IBM published a group of hardware and software announcements, two of which included overviews of three announcements:
3241:
2330:"Ten New IBM ES/9000 Water-Cooled Processors, Including Seven-Way and Eight-Way Processors, Associated Upgrades, and Additional Functions"
2906:
2540:
3545:
3100:
2211:
2944:
2664:
2198:
The high-end Models 820, 860 and 900 use new generation, or Summit, technology and will be generally available this week, said Conti.
2137:
1924:
3264:"This is the first time for a long time that IBM has recaptured the performance lead — and I don't see that Hitachi will catch them."
501:-based new 9672 series and improved 9221 models (with 40% faster cycle time and data compression), IBM announced also their ultimate
1964:
1938:
1378:
This was introduced as part of IBM's moving towards "lights-out" operation and increased control of multiple system configurations.
2381:
3382:
2810:
2219:
2581:
3675:
2679:"IBM ES/9000 Water-Cooled Processor Enhancements: New Ten-Way Processor, Parallel Sysplex Capability, and Additional Functions"
410:
Eighteen models were announced September 5, 1990 for the ES/9000 in three form factors; the water-cooled 9021 to succeed the
3496:
3460:
3592:
3483:
The S/390 Integrated Server is for customers who do not require the I/O bandwidth and performance of the S/390 Multiprise.
3341:
478:-derived systems, the models 900 and 820 had full out-of-order execution for both integer and floating-point units, with
3277:
1340:
at a time; the combined number of installed Vector Facilities and ICRFs cannot exceed the number of Central Processors.)
3637:
3566:
3255:
2502:
1617:
2888:
2859:
3581:
2305:
1900:
2742:"Enterprise System.9000 Models 330, 340, 500, 580, 620 and 720 Functional Characteristics and Configuration Guide"
2258:
Enterprise System/9000 Models 520, 640, 660, 740, 820, and 900 Functional Characteristics and Configuration Guide
2559:
1899:
As warned by IBM, the MIPS ratings mostly are varying estimates by third parties. These are not comparable with
2449:
3074:
2630:
1181:
905:
531:
489:
All three lines got additions and upgrades until 1993–1994. In February 1993 an 8-processor 141 MHz (7.1
201:
156:
1613:
1579:
219:
2118:
497:. The compression was also included in the new, 50% faster models of the 9121. In April 1994, alongside the
479:
3670:
3019:
2523:
2052:
2018:
455:
427:
252:
3653:
2484:
1990:
471:
343:
in 2000. Among other things, ESA/390 added fiber optics channels, known as Enterprise Systems Connection (
2409:
1566:
1400:
502:
390:
249:
90:
3242:"Family 9672+06 IBM System/390 Parallel Enterprise Server - Generation 5 IBM United States Sales Manual"
2728:"NEW IBM ENTERPRISE SYSTEM/9000 AND ES/3090-9000T WATER-COOLED PROCESSOR MODELS AND ASSOCIATED UPGRADES"
2647:
2288:
3209:
The performance gap between the 9X2 and RY5 reduced over time, as the OS and software were updated; at
2926:
2347:
2187:
1329:
Up to one Integrated Cryptographic Feature (ICRF) per side was available on the 9021 for accelerating
3680:
3445:
2582:"SISBACEN – CENTRAL BANK INFORMATION SYSTEM: AN INSTRUMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING BRAZIL'S EXCHANGE POLICY"
3317:
2614:"Die Entwicklung der Datenverarbeitung von Hollerith Lochkartenmaschinen zu IBM Enterprise-Servern"
1653:
1631:
1386:
1316:
450:
60:
2450:"Information Technology Services, Including Telecommunication Services - Potential Sources Sought"
1612:
mode. In October 1997 models of Multiprise 2000 with an 11% higher performance were launched. The
3224:
3196:
3175:
475:
459:
17:
3604:
3312:
1570:
467:
3414:
3617:
3556:
2766:
2693:
2613:
2464:
1753:
1604:
483:
256:
3131:
2952:
2236:
2163:
1366:, Logical Partitions (LPARs) are a standard feature of the ES/9000 processors whereby IBM's
336:
among other competitors. It was the successor of ESA/370 and, in turn, was succeeded by the
3364:
2786:
1595:, raising the frequency to 637 MHz, higher than the fastest DEC machines at the time.
1592:
1583:
1344:
494:
2837:
8:
37:"s390" redirects here. For the ESA/390 architecture, referred to as "s390" on Linux, see
2385:
3045:
2431:
325:
241:
86:
2077:
3123:
1357:
505:
model, the 10-processor model 9X2 rated at 468 MIPS, to become available in October.
2806:"IBM Enterprise System/9000 Type 9121 system controller and memory subsystem design"
3539:
3322:
3298:
3115:
2819:
2228:
1323:
337:
317:
313:
284:
124:
3573:
2992:"ENHANCEMENTS FOR ES/9000 PROCESSOR MODELS 520, 640, 660, 740, 820, 860, AND 900"
161:
31:
1694:
1648:
1643:
340:
287:
2595:
2164:"You can call me Ray, and you can call me Jay, but don't ever call me Summit!"
3664:
3127:
2771:
2698:
2564:
2469:
2192:
2168:
2138:
Accommodate functions for the z13 server to be discontinued on future servers
1857:
The combined capacity of the main memory and expanded storage is 512 MB.
1684:
329:
321:
3618:"IBM S/390 Generation 5 Parallel Enterprise Server Microprocessor Mainframe"
415:
363:
276:
3446:"IBM System/390 Multiprise 3000 Enterprise Server: Cost-Effective Platform"
1881:
Initial capacity. Increase to 0.5+3.5 GB was scheduled for March 1994.
1630:
From 1997 IBM also offered a "S/390 Application StarterPak", intended as a
3534:
434:
414:, and the air-cooled standalone 9121 and rack-mounted 9221 to succeed the
3149:"Family 9672+05 IBM System/390 Parallel Enterprise Server - Generation 4"
1575:
1343:
The new models of the 9021 and 9121 from 1993 and 9221 from 1994 feature
1337:
1311:
348:
3119:
2823:
2232:
1869:
Initial capacity. Increase to 1+7 GB was scheduled for March 1994.
3303:
1925:"Family 9672+07 IBM S/390 Generation 6 Servers: Engines for e-business"
1609:
1371:
1330:
490:
463:
423:
3326:
1616:, based on the 9672 G5, became available in September 1999, featuring
3349:
305:
Enterprise System/9000 (ES/9000), as in 360 for 1960s, 370 for 1970s.
1707:
1703:
1699:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1587:
1363:
419:
411:
280:
272:
179:
175:
171:
152:
375:
367:
333:
268:
245:
137:
129:
38:
3654:"Teardown of a logic chip from a vintage IBM ES/9000 mainframe"
3210:
2306:"IBM Enterprise System/9000 Introducing a new computing family"
1820:, a codename first denied and later seemingly mentioned by IBM.
371:
359:, that was placed on some of the actual "boxes" later shipped.
141:
133:
2105:
Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 Common I/O-Device Commands
3479:"IBM System/390 Integrated Server: A Cost-Effective Platform"
3383:"IBM'S NEW CMOS JUNIOR MAINFRAME TARGETS UNIX AND NT MARKETS"
2212:"Design of the IBM Enterprise System/9000 high-end processor"
1776:
1675:
1574:
second-highest clocked microprocessor at the time, after the
1399:
microprocessors, as by a strategic decision no more ES/9000 (
1307:
1190:
914:
540:
446:
344:
279:"E" models, and the System/370 architecture last used in the
189:
3546:"A Brief History of the IBM ES/9000, System/390 AND zSeries"
3365:"A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE IBM ES/9000, SYSTEM/390 AND zSERIES"
2503:"Why your CPU capacity may not match your vendor's estimate"
2150:"Announcement Letter Number C90-015 dated September 5, 1990"
65:
Inside the IBM S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server Generation 4
2365:"Announcement Letter Number C93-002 dated February 9, 1993"
2085:(Ninth ed.). IBM. June 2003. p. 1-1. SA22-7201-08
2079:
Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 Principles of Operation
1396:
498:
430:
386:
264:
51:
3213:
V1 R1, the 9X2's advantage was 8%, but at V2 R4 it was 4%.
2348:"Processor Capacity Planning: LSPR Workload Sensitivities"
3153:
2877:
Announcement Letter Number C93-002 dated February 9, 1993
2748:
2333:
2265:
2123:
309:
75:
3461:"IBM Unveils Planter Follow-On to Multiprise Mainframes"
3295:
3256:"IBM'S NEW G5 PROCESSES OVER 1B INTRUCTIONS PER SECOND"
1798:
S/390 was also used on earlier and subsequent machines.
302:
System/390 (S/390), as in 360 for 1960s, 370 for 1970s.
2465:"Hitachi: Users to pay heavy price for IBM's software"
2403:"Large Systems Performance Reference [part 1]"
3278:"IBM G5 MAINFRAMES GAIN PARITY WITH HITACHI SKYLINES"
2579:
2547:. No. 12 (volume 19). November 1998. p. 17.
3515:"S/390 Application StarterPak Hardware Announcement"
2860:"IBM HAS 9121, 9221 AS/400-KILLERS; SUMMITS OUT NOW"
2846:
Note that the "Mb" here means megabyte, not megabit.
466:) clock frequency. These were the first models with
3101:"A high-frequency custom CMOS S/390 microprocessor"
2975:"Processor Resource/Systems Manager Planning Guide"
2376:
2374:
1167:ES/9000 air-cooled rack-mounted models (9221-###)
308:Enterprise Systems Architecture/390 (ESA/390) was
3497:"IBM RUMORED TO REPLACE MULTIPRISE WITH I-SERVER"
3193:"OS/390 V2 R4 LSPR ITR ratios for IBM processors"
3172:"OS/390 V1 R1 LSPR ITR ratios for IBM processors"
2889:"IBM DOES A BIT OF INFILLING WITH 9121 MODEL 522"
3662:
3465:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
3282:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
2893:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
2864:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
2842:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
2791:Computer Business Review archive at Tech Monitor
2522:. December 18, 2008. p. 115. Archived from
1319:for synchronizing the systems to ease management
888:ES/9000 air-cooled standalone models (9121-###)
283:low-end mainframe. ESA/390 was succeeded by the
162:up to 32 GB main (2 GB flat)
3494:
3275:
3099:Webb, Charles F.; Liptay, John S. (July 1997).
3071:"S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server Announcement"
2942:
2914:. IBM. p. 45 (p. 59 of pdf). SC33-6797-00.
2665:"Subject: Processor Speed- C. Watson CPU chart"
2611:
2371:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2107:, Second Edition, IBM, April 1992, SA22-7204-01
1634:for developing and testing mainframe software.
3495:Prickett Morgan, Timothy (February 22, 1999).
3294:Slegel, Timothy J. et al. (March–April 1999).
2694:"IBM's parallel mainframes take center stage"
2382:"IBM INTRODUCES FIVE NEW CMOS-BASED ES/9000s"
74:International Business Machines Corporation (
3633:Exterior and interior images of the IBM 390.
3333:
2908:VSE/ESA Turbo Dispatcher Guide and Reference
2854:
2852:
2760:
2758:
2648:"LSPR Background: zSeries Capacity Planning"
2272:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
389:CPU electronics rather than the traditional
3593:"The IBM Enterprise System/9000 (brochure)"
3381:Smith, Norris Parker (September 13, 1996).
3222:
2013:
2011:
1939:"IBM SYSTEM/390 OVERVIEW: A NEW ERA BEGINS"
263:families of System/390 in 1994–1999, using
3276:Prickett Morgan, Timothy (July 28, 1998).
3098:
2803:
2560:"Centro de Proceso de Datos del Grupo BBV"
2196:. Vol. 25, no. 37. p. 131.
2188:"IBM turns up pressure to move to ES/9000"
59:
50:
3605:"Generations of the IBM 360/370/3090/390"
3316:
2849:
2755:
2631:"System/390 Parallel Sysplex Performance"
2619:(in German). p. 114 (p. 115 of pdf).
2612:Sandner, Günther; Spengler, Hans (2006).
2496:
2494:
2429:
2186:Hamilton, Rosemary (September 16, 1991).
2111:
2036:
1603:In September 1996 IBM launched the S/390
1390:IBM S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server Gen4
1336:(Each Central Processor accommodates one
1333:, succeeding the 3848 Cryptographic Unit.
3651:
3046:"The Evolution of IBM Mainframes and VM"
2764:
2251:
2249:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2008:
1385:
378:, which IBM announced at the same time.
3638:"Porting GCC to the IBM S/390 platform"
3459:Fellows, William (September 19, 1999).
3458:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3164:
3108:IBM Journal of Research and Development
3043:
2811:IBM Journal of Research and Development
2691:
2485:"A MAINFRAME LICENSING UPGRADE DILEMMA"
2462:
2397:
2395:
2220:IBM Journal of Research and Development
1351:
514:ES/9000 water-cooled models (9021-###)
267:microprocessors. The ESA/390 succeeded
14:
3663:
3340:Slegel, Timothy J. (August 17, 1998).
3339:
3299:"IBM's S/390 G5 Microprocessor Design"
3073:. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from
2765:Ambrosio, Johanna (24 February 1992).
2557:
2491:
2447:
2209:
1877:
1875:
1865:
1863:
218:. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from
3380:
3225:"G4: A Fault-Tolerant CMOS Mainframe"
3094:
3092:
3006:"Announcement Overview April 6, 1994"
2714:"Announcement Overview April 6, 1994"
2645:
2580:Augusto Ornelas Filho (Spring 1999).
2324:
2322:
2246:
2176:
2097:
1983:
1254:
1200:
1038:
924:
733:
633:
550:
3182:
3161:
2927:"Exploring IBM's New Age Mainframes"
2392:
2384:. IBM. April 5, 1994. Archived from
3602:
3401:"New S/390 Multiprise 2000 Servers"
3223:Spainhower, Lisa; Gregg, Thomas A.
2943:IBM Corporation (23 January 2003).
2767:"IBM users welcome early shipments"
2430:Stammbach, Peter (30 August 2001).
1890:ESA Option available from July 1991
1872:
1860:
1848:ESCON count was initially up to 20.
1839:ESCON count was initially up to 36.
1301:
24:
3432:"New S/390 Multiprise 2000 Models"
3089:
2804:Curran, B. W.; Walz, M.H. (1991).
2500:
2319:
2119:"S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server"
1368:Processor Resource/Systems Manager
400:
25:
3692:
3609:Computer History — IBM System/360
3525:
2924:
2633:. IBM. December 1998. p. 64.
2558:Barrio, Virginia (20 June 1997).
1971:. IBM. September 5, 1990. 190-124
1945:. IBM. September 5, 1990. 190-123
3420:. IBM. November 2004. p. 2.
2692:Stedman, Craig (18 April 1994).
2541:"Used IBM Mainframe Spot Prices"
2463:Stedman, Craig (24 April 1995).
1965:"IBM ES/9000 PROCESSOR OVERVIEW"
474:of 1973. However unlike the old
3540:Current IBM Z mainframe servers
3507:
3488:
3471:
3452:
3438:
3424:
3407:
3393:
3374:
3357:
3288:
3269:
3248:
3234:
3216:
3203:
3141:
3063:
3037:
3012:
2998:
2984:
2967:
2936:
2918:
2899:
2881:
2870:
2830:
2797:
2779:
2751:. September 1991. GA22-7138-01.
2734:
2720:
2706:
2685:
2671:
2657:
2639:
2623:
2605:
2596:"Cheryl Watson's Tuning Letter"
2588:
2573:
2551:
2533:
2509:
2477:
2456:
2441:
2423:
2357:
2340:
2298:
2268:. September 1991. GA22-7139-02.
2203:
2172:. 10 September 1990. p. 2.
2156:
2142:
2131:
1893:
1884:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1823:
1810:
1801:
1792:
3622:Jim Austin Computer Collection
3613:Multiple links and references.
2980:. IBM. May 1991. GA22-7123-05.
2448:Miller, Rick (2 August 2000).
2432:"Linux powered by zSeries 900"
2070:
1957:
1931:
1917:
248:, the fifth generation of the
13:
1:
3676:IBM System/360 mainframe line
3342:"IBM S/390 G5 Microprocessor"
2646:Fitch, John L. (March 2004).
2437:. IBM Switzerland. p. 5.
2210:Liptay, John S. (July 1992).
1910:
1362:Previously available only on
347:) channels, to the parallel (
3652:Shirriff, Ken (March 2021).
3060:Slide 28: "9672 to zSeries".
3020:"Parallel Enterprise Server"
2601:. 1998. pp. 16, 17, 24.
629:"available by upgrade only"
324:computing design, copied by
253:instruction set architecture
244:product family implementing
7:
3582:"IBM System/390 (brochure)"
3044:Elliott, Jim (2004-08-17).
2932:. p. 34 (p.41 of pdf).
1733:Parallel Transaction Server
1637:
1322:Vector Facility: up to one
151:ES/9000: up to 2
27:Line of mainframe computers
10:
3697:
3517:. IBM. September 30, 1997.
3448:. IBM. September 20, 1999.
3415:"IBM highlights 1996-1999"
3403:. IBM. September 10, 1996.
1746:Parallel Enterprise Server
1355:
480:precise exception handling
405:
293:
36:
29:
3481:. IBM. 8 September 1998.
2787:"IBM RELEASE NEW ES/9000"
2730:. IBM. September 5, 1990.
2289:"ES/9000 Reference guide"
2152:. IBM. September 5, 1990.
2019:"ES/9000 Characteristics"
1991:"System/390 Announcement"
1927:. IBM. 22 September 2010.
1773:
1713:
1690:
1683:
1284:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1239:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1211:
1150:
1131:
1118:
1115:
1074:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
993:
990:
977:
974:
971:
968:
960:
944:
941:
938:
935:
866:
844:
816:
813:
775:
750:
747:
744:
714:
703:
695:
692:
689:
650:
647:
644:
595:
592:
589:
570:
567:
564:
561:
508:
462:and 111 MHz (9
438:
366:previously needed to run
212:"System/390 Announcement"
195:
185:
167:
147:
123:
115:
97:
82:
70:
58:
49:
3535:IBM Z mainframe homepage
3024:PC Magazine Encyclopedia
2367:. IBM. February 9, 1993.
2053:"Enterprise System/9000"
1785:
1654:IBM 30XX mainframe lines
1632:software development kit
1598:
3598:. BitSavers. GU20-0084.
3587:. BitSavers. GU20-0082.
3434:. IBM. October 7, 1997.
1625:S/390 Integrated Server
1381:
441:line later originated.
271:, used in the Enhanced
2059:. IBM. 23 January 2003
2025:. IBM. 23 January 2003
1997:. IBM. 23 January 2003
1903:-vendors' MIPS claims.
1391:
734:H5 (711-based models)
634:H2 (520-based models)
551:H0 (340-based models)
468:out-of-order execution
437:, Germany, whence the
351:) channels of ESA/370.
103:; 34 years ago
101:September 5, 1990
3195:. IBM. Archived from
3174:. IBM. Archived from
3008:. IBM. April 6, 1994.
2716:. IBM. April 6, 1994.
2681:. IBM. April 6, 1994.
2408:. IBM. Archived from
1737:Parallel Query Server
1389:
370:, and could also run
3624:. UK Computer Museum
3567:IBM System/390 Photo
3562:on January 26, 2006.
3244:. IBM. 30 June 2009.
3051:. SHARE Session 9140
2994:. IBM. 16 June 1992.
2866:. February 11, 1992.
2529:on 15 November 2022.
2242:on January 17, 2005.
1969:Announcement Letters
1943:Announcement Letters
1593:copper interconnects
1352:Logical partitioning
460:branch target buffer
3671:Computing platforms
3120:10.1147/rd.414.0463
2955:on January 17, 2005
2949:IBM Archives: 1970s
2895:. 30 November 1993.
2838:"IBM ANNOUNCEMENTS"
2824:10.1147/rd.353.0357
2636:422/0.87 = 485 MIPS
2388:on 18 October 1996.
2336:. February 9, 1993.
2314:powerful Model 900.
2233:10.1147/rd.364.0713
1168:
889:
515:
222:on January 16, 2005
46:
3572:2017-02-02 at the
2844:. October 9, 1991.
2793:. August 10, 1993.
2653:. IBM. p. 18.
2517:"Hardware Ratings"
2127:. 23 January 2003.
1418:Performance (MIPS)
1392:
1166:
887:
513:
433:chips designed in
240:is a discontinued
44:
3327:10.1109/40.755464
3262:. July 31, 1998.
3077:on March 11, 2005
2415:on 12 June 2001.
2294:. IBM. GU20-0088.
1783:
1782:
1774:Succeeded by
1771:
1770:
1763:Integrated Server
1562:
1561:
1358:Logical partition
1299:
1298:
1255:211-based models
1201:170-based models
1164:
1163:
1039:511-based models
925:320-based models
885:
884:
615:128+1024 MB
261:Integrated Server
234:
233:
155:main + 8 GB
119:December 31, 2004
16:(Redirected from
3688:
3681:32-bit computers
3657:
3648:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3612:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3563:
3561:
3555:. Archived from
3550:
3519:
3518:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3397:
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3390:
3378:
3372:
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3369:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3346:
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3292:
3286:
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3273:
3267:
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3252:
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3207:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3130:. Archived from
3114:(4/5): 463–473.
3105:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2951:. Archived from
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2874:
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2847:
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2834:
2828:
2827:
2801:
2795:
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2689:
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2643:
2637:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:Infoperspectives
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2501:Watson, Cheryl.
2498:
2489:
2488:
2487:. July 24, 1996.
2481:
2475:
2474:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2389:
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2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2235:. Archived from
2216:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1904:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1870:
1867:
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1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1720:
1719:
1691:Preceded by
1681:
1680:
1406:
1405:
1345:data compression
1324:vector processor
1302:ES/9000 features
1212:256 MB main
1169:
1165:
939:512+1536 MB
890:
886:
516:
512:
495:data compression
230:
228:
227:
205:
204:
202:Official website
125:Operating system
111:
109:
104:
63:
54:
47:
43:
21:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3661:
3660:
3640:
3636:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3603:Poulsen, Lars.
3595:
3591:
3584:
3580:
3574:Wayback Machine
3559:
3548:
3544:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3493:
3489:
3477:
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3379:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3318:10.1.1.466.4970
3293:
3289:
3274:
3270:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3204:
3199:on 8 June 2001.
3191:
3190:
3183:
3178:on 8 June 2001.
3170:
3169:
3162:
3157:. 20 June 2006.
3147:
3146:
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3018:
3017:
3013:
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2999:
2990:
2989:
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2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:Young, John L.
2923:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2871:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2818:(3). IBM: 357.
2802:
2798:
2785:
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2763:
2756:
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2735:
2726:
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2598:
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2299:
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2273:
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2255:
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2214:
2208:
2204:
2184:
2177:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1779:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1715:IBM System/390
1711:
1697:
1640:
1614:Multiprise 3000
1601:
1412:Year Introduced
1384:
1360:
1354:
1304:
1188:
1179:
1119:0.5+0.5 GB
1086:0.5+0.5 GB
1015:128+384 MB
994:September 1990
972:256+768 MB
912:
903:
676:September 1991
654:September 1991
626:128+512 MB
571:September 1990
538:
529:
511:
408:
403:
401:S/390 computers
296:
225:
223:
210:
209:
200:
199:
159:
107:
105:
102:
66:
42:
35:
32:IBM System 9000
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3649:
3634:
3614:
3600:
3589:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3526:External links
3524:
3521:
3520:
3506:
3487:
3470:
3451:
3437:
3423:
3406:
3392:
3373:
3356:
3332:
3287:
3268:
3247:
3233:
3215:
3202:
3181:
3160:
3140:
3137:on 2006-03-17.
3088:
3062:
3036:
3011:
2997:
2983:
2966:
2935:
2917:
2898:
2880:
2869:
2848:
2829:
2796:
2778:
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2532:
2508:
2490:
2476:
2455:
2440:
2422:
2391:
2370:
2356:
2339:
2318:
2297:
2271:
2245:
2227:(4): 713–731.
2202:
2175:
2155:
2141:
2130:
2110:
2096:
2069:
2035:
2007:
1982:
1956:
1930:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1892:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1807:Lower case "M"
1800:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1728:
1712:
1695:IBM System/370
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:IBM mainframes
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1649:IBM System/370
1646:
1644:IBM System/360
1639:
1636:
1600:
1597:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1535:
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1529:
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1518:
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1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1497:
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1466:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:Number of CPUs
1413:
1410:
1383:
1380:
1356:Main article:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
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1296:
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1279:
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1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
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1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
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1240:December 1990
1238:
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1231:
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1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:Shipping from
1194:
1185:
1176:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1145:
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1140:
1139:February 1993
1137:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
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1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:November 1993
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:February 1993
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1069:
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1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
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1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
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1032:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
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962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
926:
922:
921:
920:Shipping from
918:
909:
900:
897:
894:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
869:
868:
865:
862:
858:
857:
854:
851:
847:
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843:
840:
837:
833:
832:
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819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
802:
801:
798:
794:
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790:
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785:
782:
778:
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771:
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765:February 1993
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:0.25+2 GB
724:
721:
717:
716:
713:
709:
708:
705:
702:
698:
697:
696:February 1992
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
667:
666:
665:February 1992
663:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
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631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
616:
613:
610:
606:
605:
602:
598:
597:
594:
593:0.25+2 GB
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
577:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
553:
552:
548:
547:
546:Shipping from
544:
535:
526:
523:
520:
510:
507:
482:, and a fully
472:System/370-195
407:
404:
402:
399:
353:
352:
341:z/Architecture
306:
303:
295:
292:
288:z/Architecture
238:IBM System/390
232:
231:
197:
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192:
187:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
149:
145:
144:
127:
121:
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117:
113:
112:
99:
95:
94:
84:
80:
79:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:IBM System/390
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3693:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3655:
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3646:
3639:
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3610:
3606:
3601:
3594:
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3583:
3579:
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3558:
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3547:
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3510:
3503:
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3352:
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3324:
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3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
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2775:. p. 61.
2774:
2773:
2772:Computerworld
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2750:
2743:
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2729:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2702:. p. 89.
2701:
2700:
2699:Computerworld
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2569:(in Spanish).
2568:
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2473:. p. 81.
2472:
2471:
2470:Computerworld
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1007:January 1991
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878:0.5+2 GB
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754:October 1994
753:
741:
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686:
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565:0.5+4 GB
558:
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62:
57:
53:
48:
40:
33:
19:
3644:
3626:. Retrieved
3621:
3608:
3557:the original
3553:IBM Archives
3552:
3509:
3500:
3490:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3454:
3440:
3426:
3409:
3395:
3386:
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3359:
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3311:(2): 12–23.
3308:
3302:
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3259:
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3236:
3218:
3205:
3197:the original
3176:the original
3152:
3143:
3132:the original
3111:
3107:
3079:. Retrieved
3075:the original
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3000:
2986:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:the original
2948:
2938:
2920:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2883:
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2553:
2544:
2535:
2524:the original
2511:
2479:
2468:
2458:
2452:. p. 4.
2443:
2425:
2416:
2410:the original
2386:the original
2359:
2353:. IBM. 1999.
2342:
2312:
2300:
2257:
2237:the original
2224:
2218:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2167:
2158:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2078:
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:IBM Archives
2056:
2027:. Retrieved
2023:IBM Archives
2022:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:IBM Archives
1994:
1985:
1975:November 25,
1973:. Retrieved
1968:
1959:
1949:November 25,
1947:. Retrieved
1942:
1933:
1919:
1895:
1886:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1825:
1817:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1730:
1723:
1718:1990 - 2000
1714:
1629:
1622:
1602:
1563:
1543:
1522:
1501:
1480:
1459:
1455:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:Memory (GB)
1393:
1377:
1367:
1361:
1310:fiber optic
1187:Max channels
911:Max channels
831:August 1993
537:Max channels
488:
443:
409:
395:
383:
380:
361:
356:
354:
297:
237:
235:
224:. Retrieved
220:the original
216:IBM Archives
215:
207:IBM Archives
206:
116:Discontinued
98:Release date
93:-compatible)
71:Manufacturer
2089:December 8,
1576:Alpha 21164
1500:G4 – 9672-R
1479:G3 – 9672-R
1454:G2 – 9672-R
1426:G1 – 9672-R
1338:coprocessor
1272:April 1994
1266:512 MB
1178:Max storage
1103:1+1 GB
1053:1+1 GB
1034:April 1992
1021:March 1991
978:March 1991
945:March 1992
902:Max storage
845:March 1993
814:1+4 GB
776:March 1993
748:2+8 GB
648:1+8 GB
528:Max storage
484:superscalar
349:Bus and Tag
168:Predecessor
3665:Categories
3645:GCC Summit
3628:2021-04-05
3304:IEEE Micro
3055:2007-10-21
2063:2017-01-29
2029:2017-01-29
2001:2017-01-29
1911:References
1767:1998-2000
1758:1996-2000
1754:Multiprise
1749:1994-2000
1727:1990-1994
1610:System/370
1605:Multiprise
1542:G6 – 9672-
1521:G5 – 9672-
1372:hypervisor
1331:encryption
817:128 (128)
470:since the
257:Multiprise
250:System/360
226:2017-01-29
108:1990-09-05
3350:Hot Chips
3313:CiteSeerX
3128:0018-8646
1458:2, 9672-R
1430:1, 9672-E
1347:hardware.
1151:May 1993
1124:May 1993
1059:May 1993
751:256 (256)
693:128 (128)
651:256 (256)
435:Böblingen
322:mainframe
316:-address/
290:in 2000.
242:mainframe
186:Successor
87:mainframe
3570:Archived
1700:IBM 3090
1669:IBM 3090
1664:IBM 308X
1659:IBM 303X
1638:See also
1588:IEEE 754
1555:178–1644
1474:0.125–4
1449:0.125–2
1434:, 9672-P
1370:(PR/SM)
1364:IBM 3090
1312:channels
1229:Q4 1991
1218:Q3 1992
1182:expanded
1180:(main +
906:expanded
904:(main +
881:64 (64)
729:64 (64)
596:64 (32)
568:128 (64)
532:expanded
530:(main +
476:S/360-91
416:IBM 4381
412:IBM 3090
312:'s last
281:IBM 9370
172:IBM 3090
157:expanded
3647:. 2003.
3387:HPCwire
3260:HPCwire
3029:Sep 19,
2959:Sep 20,
2311:. IBM.
1724:ES/9000
1710:series)
1620:buses.
1584:Hitachi
1567:bipolar
1534:88–1069
1516:0.5–16
1401:bipolar
1317:Sysplex
1269:24 (24)
1237:12 (12)
1215:24 (24)
1031:32 (28)
1018:32 (28)
975:48 (44)
942:96 (88)
503:bipolar
451:Sysplex
406:ES/9000
393:logic.
391:bipolar
376:VSE/ESA
368:MVS/ESA
334:Fujitsu
330:Hitachi
294:History
269:ESA/370
246:ESA/390
196:Website
138:VSE/ESA
130:MVS/ESA
106: (
39:ESA/390
18:ES/9000
3370:. IBM.
3315:
3230:. IBM.
3211:OS/390
3126:
3081:8 July
2945:"1976"
1818:Summit
1513:49–447
1495:0.5–8
1492:33–374
1471:15–171
509:Models
372:VM/ESA
338:64-bit
332:, and
326:Amdahl
320:-data
318:32-bit
314:31-bit
285:64-bit
259:, and
160:9672:
148:Memory
142:VM/ESA
134:OS/390
3641:(PDF)
3596:(PDF)
3585:(PDF)
3560:(PDF)
3549:(PDF)
3418:(PDF)
3368:(PDF)
3345:(PDF)
3228:(PDF)
3135:(PDF)
3104:(PDF)
3049:(PDF)
2978:(PDF)
2930:(PDF)
2912:(PDF)
2745:(PDF)
2651:(PDF)
2617:(PDF)
2599:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2520:(PDF)
2435:(PDF)
2413:(PDF)
2406:(PDF)
2351:(PDF)
2309:(PDF)
2292:(PDF)
2262:(PDF)
2240:(PDF)
2215:(PDF)
2083:(PDF)
1816:Also
1786:Notes
1777:IBM Z
1740:1994
1693:Late
1676:IBM Z
1599:Other
1558:5–32
1537:1–24
1446:15–66
1409:Model
1308:ESCON
1191:ESCON
1189:(Max
1172:Model
915:ESCON
913:(Max
899:Sides
893:Model
541:ESCON
539:(Max
525:Sides
519:Model
447:ESCON
357:S/390
345:ESCON
190:IBM Z
91:S/360
3531:IBM
3124:ISSN
3083:2011
3031:2018
2961:2018
2091:2018
1977:2021
1951:2021
1901:RISC
1744:9672
1735:9673
1731:9672
1708:9370
1706:and
1704:4300
1623:The
1552:1–12
1549:1999
1531:1–10
1528:1998
1510:1–10
1507:1997
1489:1–10
1486:1996
1468:1–10
1465:1995
1440:1994
1397:CMOS
1382:9672
1295:191
1290:201
1277:221
1250:120
1245:130
1175:CPUs
999:260
983:440
896:CPUs
522:CPUs
499:CMOS
456:TLBs
439:9672
431:CMOS
428:VLSI
420:9370
418:and
387:CMOS
374:and
364:4381
277:4381
275:and
273:3090
265:CMOS
236:The
180:9370
178:and
176:4300
140:and
83:Type
3323:doi
3154:IBM
3116:doi
2820:doi
2749:IBM
2567:.es
2334:IBM
2266:IBM
2229:doi
2124:IBM
1618:PCI
1580:DEC
1578:of
1571:IPC
1443:1–6
1282:211
1260:421
1234:150
1223:170
1206:200
1156:311
1144:411
1129:511
1113:521
1097:522
1080:621
1072:622
1064:732
1056:128
1044:742
1026:180
1012:190
1004:210
988:320
966:480
958:490
950:570
930:610
872:711
861:821
850:822
836:831
822:832
805:941
797:942
789:952
781:962
770:972
759:982
739:9X2
720:520
712:640
701:660
681:740
670:820
659:860
639:900
620:330
609:340
601:500
584:580
576:620
556:720
310:IBM
76:IBM
3667::
3643:.
3620:.
3607:.
3551:.
3499:.
3463:.
3385:.
3347:.
3321:.
3309:19
3307:.
3301:.
3280:.
3258:.
3184:^
3163:^
3151:.
3122:.
3112:41
3110:.
3106:.
3091:^
3022:.
2947:.
2891:.
2862:.
2851:^
2840:.
2816:35
2814:.
2808:.
2789:.
2769:.
2757:^
2747:.
2696:.
2562:.
2543:.
2493:^
2467:.
2394:^
2373:^
2332:.
2321:^
2274:^
2264:.
2248:^
2225:36
2223:.
2217:.
2190:.
2178:^
2166:.
2121:.
2055:.
2038:^
2021:.
2010:^
1993:.
1967:.
1941:.
1874:^
1862:^
1702:,
1544:nn
1523:nn
1436:nn
1432:nn
1285:1
1089:64
1075:2
1067:3
961:2
953:3
867:1
856:2
800:4
792:5
784:6
742:10
715:1
707:2
604:2
579:4
491:ns
464:ns
458:,
449:,
424:ns
328:,
214:.
174:,
153:GB
136:,
132:,
3656:.
3631:.
3611:.
3467:.
3389:.
3353:.
3329:.
3325::
3284:.
3118::
3085:.
3058:.
3033:.
2963:.
2826:.
2822::
2667:.
2584:.
2505:.
2231::
2093:.
2066:.
2032:.
2004:.
1979:.
1953:.
1698:(
1546:7
1525:6
1504:5
1502:n
1483:4
1481:n
1462:3
1460:n
1456:n
1428:n
1263:2
1226:1
1209:2
1193:)
1184:)
1132:1
1116:1
1100:2
1083:1
1050:2
1047:4
991:1
969:1
936:2
933:4
917:)
908:)
875:1
864:2
853:2
842:1
839:3
828:2
825:3
811:1
808:4
773:7
762:8
745:2
723:1
704:2
687:1
684:3
673:4
662:5
645:2
642:6
623:1
612:1
590:1
587:3
562:2
559:6
543:)
534:)
229:.
110:)
89:(
78:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
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