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for refining and developing the geodesic dome, the first practical dome structure) it was inexpensive, durable and energy efficient; Fuller worked diligently to cut back the amount of material and energy used by any product he designed. "You've produced exactly the car I've always wanted to produce," the mechanically apt
Chrysler told him. Then Chrysler noted ruefully, Fuller had taken one-third the time and one fourth the money Chrysler's corporation usually spent producing prototypes — prototypes Chrysler himself usually hated in the end. For a few months, it had seemed Chrysler would go ahead and introduce Fuller's car. But the banks that financed Chrysler's wholesale distributors vetoed the move by threatening to call in their loans. The bankers were afraid (or so Fuller said years later) that an advanced new design would diminish the value of the unsold motor vehicles in dealers' showrooms. For every new car sold, five used cars had to be sold to finance the distribution and production chain, and those cars would not sell if Fuller's invention made them obsolete.
40:
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evade the politician's car. The inquest showed, they argued, that the design of the
Dymaxion was not a factor in the crash. The politician's car, they further claimed, was quickly and illegally removed from the scene of the crash before reporters arrived. Turner was wearing a seatbelt but was killed when the canvas-covered roof framing collapsed. Dollfuss was not wearing a seatbelt, was ejected and landed nearby on his feet. Sempill was severely injured and took months to recover before he could testify at the subsequent inquest. The Dymaxion itself had rolled over and was badly damaged but was subsequently repaired by Fuller and Burgess.
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874:'s inquest did not ascribe fault for the accident, stating that it involved a collision with a car driven by a shoe salesman named Meyer Roth (Fuller erroneously identified Roth as a highly placed Chicago Parks commissioner). When Fuller learned that another car was involved, he placed the blame for the incident entirely on Roth. Eyewitnesses, however, stated that Roth's vehicle struck the Dymaxion only after it had begun to roll over.
945:
672:, below), Fuller is seen driving the vehicle at high speed. Another shows Fuller showing off his speeding ticket, demonstrating its ability to turn "on itself", easily parallel parking in a space only six inches longer than the car, remarking that he averaged over 22 mpg (up to 30 mpg), and commenting on its stability, with a center of gravity both low and ahead of the midpoint of its wheelbase.
973:. Foster's team conducted extensive research to replicate its interior, which had completely deteriorated on the only surviving prototype and had not been well documented. Foster was able to borrow Prototype Two under the condition he would also restore its interior. Prototype Two was shipped to the U.K. in order for the work to be carried out before returning to the
649:"turned sideways" (transverse leaf springs) and bodywork featured sheet aluminum over an ash wood frame, with a roof partially constructed of snap-on painted canvas. Original blueprints indicate seating for four, including the driver. Fuller said he had achieved fuel economy of 36 mpg (7.8l/100 km) and to have reached a speed of 206 km/h (128 mph).
877:
Fuller, who was not present at the accident, provided his version of events in a book he wrote in collaboration with Robert Marks on the
Dymaxion; this account was repeated in Lloyd Steven Sieden's book on Fuller. They stated that the two vehicles were traveling at 70 mph, with Turner trying to
801:
called ground looping. I realized that the most difficult conditions for my omni-medium jet-stilt superbly faired flying device would be when it was on the ground. What is popularly called the
Dymaxion Car were the first three vehicles designed to test ground taxiing under transverse wind conditions.
344:
lock), the vehicle could steer itself in a tight circle, often causing a sensation. Fuller noted severe limitations in its handling, especially at high speed or in high wind, due to its rear-wheel steering (highly unsuitable for anything but low speeds) and the limited understanding of the effects of
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In 1934, Fuller had interested auto magnate Walter
Chrysler in financing his Dymaxion car, a durable, three-wheeled, aerodynamic land vehicle modeled after an airplane fuselage. Fuller had built three models that drew enthusiastic crowds wherever. Like all Fuller's other projects (he was responsible
800:
Everything in the
Universe is always moving in the direction of least resistance. When what we call a light plane, one flown by an individual, lands crosswind, its fairing or streamlining makes it want to turn violently in the direction of the wind – the direction of least resistance. This is
815:
Fuller and
Burgess realized early that the Dymaxion concept would present considerable challenges. As anticipated, and in line with the purpose of the exploration, maneuvering in high winds proved problematic, with the vehicle having a strong tendency to turn into the wind. Steering difficulty and
581:
Fuller theorized that getting a long, aerodynamic 'plane' fuselage – which was also inclined to have trailing, rear steering – to land safely and not immediately turn into the wind, would be a major challenge. The vehicle would inherently exhibit something he called "ground-loopiness,"
561:
a vehicle that could go anywhere, the
Dymaxion would ultimately have "wheels for ground travel and jet stilts for instant takeoff and flight." Jet stilts were Fuller's placeholder idea for a future technology that could provide compact, concentrated lift — twenty years before the commercial
931:
At various points, it appeared that several manufacturers were interested in marketing the
Dymaxion. Walter Chrysler was interested, although he advised Fuller that such an advanced design would meet considerable resistance, and would make every used car on the road obsolete, threatening the
881:
In the press, no mention was made that the
Dymaxion had been involved in a two-car crash. Instead, the cause of the crash was attributed to the car's unconventional configuration: headlines in New York and Chicago read, "Freak car rolls over – killing famous driver – injuring international
353:
on automobile bodies in that era – allowing only trained staff to drive the car and saying it "was an invention that could not be made available to the general public without considerable improvements." Shortly after its launch, a prototype crashed and killed the Dymaxion's driver.
573:
Fuller favored front-wheel drive, studying the way a wheelbarrow could more effectively pull its load rather than pitch forward when pushing a load. He began studies of the relationships between vehicles (cars, trucks – and also birds and fish) with the media in which they operated
460:
Fuller initially refused his benefactor, concerned about potential profit motives and short-sightedness. Fuller devised a contract, famously adding a so-called "ice cream soda clause" where Fuller could freely buy only ice cream sodas with all the donated money, should he so choose.
448:
a large quantity of stock before the Great Depression, becoming instantly wealthy. Pearson had known of Fuller's studies, had more wealth than he needed, and felt he could put Fuller and others to work in a way that would also do something to alleviate unemployment.
393:, his theory of using all technology on behalf of all people as soon as possible, but by this point it was "his job, Fuller decided, to identify a problem, develop a way to solve it, and wait – perhaps as long as twenty-five years – for public awareness to catch up.
273:– using donated money as well as a family inheritance – to explore not an automobile per se, but the 'ground-taxiing phase' of a vehicle that might one day be designed to fly, land and drive – an "Omni-Medium Transport". Fuller associated the word
211:
With such a vehicle at our disposal, felt that human travel, like that of birds, would no longer be confined to airports, roads, and other bureaucratic boundaries, and that autonomous free-thinking human beings could live and prosper wherever they chose.
423:
With such a vehicle at our disposal, felt that human travel, like that of birds, would no longer be confined to airports, roads, and other bureaucratic boundaries, and that autonomous free-thinking human beings could live and prosper wherever they
578:) – as well as steering mechanisms in nature, especially the rear "single fin" steering of birds and fish. Burgess, inventor of the first delta-wing aircraft, was invaluable to the project – but skeptical the vehicle would ever fly.
361:
and reiterating that the Dymaxion was never intended as a commercial venture. One of the three original prototypes survives, and two semi-faithful replicas have recently been constructed. The Dymaxion was included in the 2009 book
819:
Fuller realized the Dymaxion "was an invention that could not be made available to the general public without considerable improvements," and instituted a program of constant refinement and improvement to the platform.
928:, which Walter Chrysler ultimately found inferior. Chrysler commissioned Fuller to study the development of the Airflow, finding that Fuller had used one quarter the money and a third the time to make his prototype.
659:
featured developmental improvements including a lighter three-frame chassis central periscope providing rearward vision, larger side windows, recessed headlights and a roof-mounted stabilizer with rear-facing exhaust
569:
Estimating that designing a land–sea–air vehicle was then financially and technically out of reach, Fuller focused on the most dangerous and challenging mode of such vehicle: landing and taxiing on hard ground.
689:
fair. The car was repaired and sold to the director of the automotive division of the U.S. Bureau of Standards (BoS), only to be subsequently destroyed in a fire at the Washington D.C. garage of the BoS.
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in Nashville, Tennessee, and built by craftsmen in Pennsylvania (chassis) and the Czech Republic (bodywork). After driving the Lane replica in 2015, automotive journalists Jamie Kitman and
859:
World's Fair." The Dymaxion rolled over during the crash, killing its driver, Gulf employee Francis T. Turner, and seriously injuring its passengers: aviation pioneer (and noted spy)
936:, author Art Kleiner said bankers had threatened to recall their loans, feeling the car would destroy sales for second-hand cars and for vehicles already in distribution channels.
231:
Fuller described the Dymaxion as a "zoomobile", explaining that it could hop off the road at will, fly about, then, as deftly as a bird, settle back into a place in traffic.
1597:
637:. The front axle was a re-purposed and inverted (the flipped axle must be inverted to prevent the pinion gears from running the wrong way) rear axle from a contemporary
357:
Despite courting publicity and the interest of auto manufacturers, Fuller used his inheritance to finish the second and third prototypes, selling all three, dissolving
492:
mechanics. 1000 workmen had applied for the 27 jobs. The first of three prototypes was completed in three months – on Fuller's 38th birthday, July 12, 1933.
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Chrysler said Fuller had "produced exactly the car always wanted to produce", when his company had set out to design a highly advanced, aerodynamic car, the
1213:
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and chose to focus his energy there. Although it was never intended as such, Fuller anticipated the public would instinctively call such a vehicle an
2485:
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Because of its limitations, Fuller and Burgess limited driving to a list of trained drivers and restricted use in high winds or inclement weather.
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said Fuller "saw the Dymaxion, as he saw much of the world, as a kind of provisional prototype, a mere sketch, of the glorious, eventual future."
505:
1512:
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A "zoomobile", explaining that it could hop off the road at will, fly about, then, as deftly as a bird, settle back into a place in traffic.
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Fuller edited the magazine anonymously for two years, and in 1928 published sketches of his land-air-water vehicle, called a
327:
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609:" and concluded "the Dymaxion car looks close to a drag optimum style and serves as a useful reference for low drag forms."
2223:
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Fuller was offered $ 5,000 (2023: $ 119,500) from wealthy former stock trader and socialite Philip (variously reported as
2449:
1497:
2100:
586:, and when licensing to drive the vehicle on Connecticut roads, acquiesced and applied for an automobile registration.
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The Dymaxion Corporation factory at the defunct Locomobile dynamometer building, Tongue Pointe, Bridgeport, Connecticut
1966:
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412:
stood for Four Dimensional, a term used in physics and mathematics, referring to length, width, depth and time.
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asked that the Dymaxion be her official car for the celebration of her receiving the National Gold Medal from
721:
and driven cross country in a nationwide advertising promotion of aircraft fuel. In a contemporary video (see
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One of the prototypes was driven extensively in a campaign to raise funds in support of the Allies in WW II.
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1028:(1921), first aerodynamic "teardrop" car to be designed and serially produced (about 100 units built)
783:
2266:
621:, at 20 feet (6.1 m) long, was built on a hinged two-frame chassis constructed of lightweight
102:
2215:
1376:"Passenger Files: Francis T. Turner, Colonel William Francis Forbes-Sempill and Charles Dollfuss"
481:
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172:
60:
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1462:"Dymaxion Car at the National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada. The only surviving prototype"
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race track, beating the track record by 50% and drawing attention because it did not slide or
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1395:"Maximum Dynamism! Jeff Lane's Fuller Dymaxion Replica Captures Insane Cool of the Originals"
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models of the Dymaxion to help determine its teardrop shape. Authors of a 2011 detailed
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changed hands many times but was lost, presumed scrapped, in the 1950s. Once owned by
735:. Dymaxion Prototype Two was driven to Washington and garnered considerable publicity.
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Glancey, Jonathan; Chu, Hsiao-Yun; Jenkins, David; Fuller, Buckminster (2011).
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889:, with his only surviving daughter, Allegra (Allegra Fuller Snyder), aboard.
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In 1934, Noguchi drove a completed Dymaxion on an extended road trip through
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717:. Prototype Two was initially purchased by Alfred Williams, manager of the
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Regarding the 4D transport, author Lloyd S. Sieden, wrote in his 2000 book
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was badly damaged in the noted car crash at the time of the 1933 Chicago
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on October 27, 1933, occurred "virtually at the entrance to the Chicago
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On October 18, 1933, Fuller filed a patent, which was granted in 1937.
444:) of Philadelphia. Pearson was a stock broker and had presciently sold
350:
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Geoff Le Good; Chris Johnson; Brian Clough; Rob Lewis (June 9, 2011).
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wholesale dealer distribution and finance network. In his 1988 book,
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The Dymaxion Car – The Futuristic Vehicle That Remains in the Future
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of the Dymaxion bodywork noted the form's "similarity in shape to a
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2059:"A Test Drive of the Death-Trap Car Designed by Buckminster Fuller"
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on display at the National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada (2007)
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engine producing 85 brake horsepower (63 kW; 86 PS) in a
341:
333:
275:
1984:
1352:"The Dramatic Failure of Buckminster Fuller's "Car of the Future""
944:
269:. Fuller built three experimental prototypes with naval architect
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described it as having very poor stability and vehicle control.
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The Dymaxion's aerodynamic bodywork was designed for increased
167:
1626:"Dymaxion blueprints discovered in attic going up for auction"
1093:
The 20th Century A–GI: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 7
545:
Signage on the Tongue Pointe, former Locomobile building read
157:
Varied per prototype: double or triple hinged, cromoly steel
428:
To his daughter, Allegra, he described the Dymaxion as:
396:
In 1930, Fuller had purchased an architectural magazine,
2090:
1564:
Inventions, The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
1422:
Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
965:
was built in October 2010, by architect and student of
808:
Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
540:
of the Dymaxion carried the name of the company as the
2420:
The Last Dymaxion: Buckminster Fuller’s Dream Restored
2153:
Dymaxion car introduction, with chassis demonstration
1419:
1031:
Persu car (1922–1923), designed by Romanian engineer
745:, it was estimated to have been driven 300,000 miles.
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lift at the rear of the vehicle were also observed.
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480:at Tongue Point, on the west side of the harbor in
389:Fuller would ultimately go on to fully develop his
1899:
835:, Fuller was invited to exhibit the Dymaxion at a
2132:on YouTube, excerpt from the Robert Snyder film,
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2384:R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home
1945:
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958:cites two "faithful or semi-faithful" replicas:
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464:On March 4, 1933 – as President Roosevelt
440:) Pearson and his wife Temple Pearson (niece of
265:and featured prominently at Chicago's 1933/1934
1897:
1241:
1239:
1218:. Jossey Bass, Warren Bennis Signature Series.
1722:
1704:
1498:"Cars of Futures Past – Dymaxion 4D Transport"
1378:. Stanford University Archives. Archived from
304:, to summarize his goal to do more with less.
2185:
1811:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. pp. 30, 113.
1755:
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1652:
1650:
1641:"In search of the birthplace of the Dymaxion"
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1619:
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1008:for overview of early aerodynamic automobiles
557:Because Fuller was aiming for what he called
1906:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. pp.
1510:
1459:
1236:
1089:
366:and was the subject of the 2012 documentary
2129:Dymaxion car with narration by Bucky Fuller
1824:"Passenger Files: Isamo Noguchi, 1904–1988"
1578:"R. (Richard) Buckminster Fuller 1895-1983"
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843:across the track like the other race cars.
488:and a team of 27 workmen, including former
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38:
2032:"Dymaxion car 2 – O'Rourke CoachTrimmers"
1693:(article). Thirteen.org. 12 December 2001
1672:Dymaxion Automobile R. Buckminster Fuller
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
867:, curator of France's first air museum.
709:survives in the Harrah Collection of the
391:Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science
236:R. (Richard) Buckminster Fuller 1895-1983
2486:Rear-engined, front-wheel-drive vehicles
2056:
2050:
1967:"Norman Foster's futuristic concept car"
1935:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 112.
1933:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1809:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1773:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1751:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 111.
1749:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1736:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 113.
1734:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1718:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 109.
1716:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1438:. Bucky Fuller Institute. Archived from
1428:
1368:
1248:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1150:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 104.
1148:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1076:
1047:(1939), German prototype, never produced
943:
725:, below), Fuller notes that good friend
692:
451:
240:
2072:Jamie Lincoln Kitman (April 27, 2015).
1891:
1822:Gorman, Michael John (March 12, 2002).
1775:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 30.
1632:
1504:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1316:Lloyd Steven Sieden (August 11, 2000).
1254:
1250:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 29.
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
793:
315:featured a lightweight hinged chassis,
14:
2463:
2199:
2065:
1964:
1939:
1821:
1815:
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1589:
1587:
1561:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
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1198:
1187:
1160:
1126:"A 3-Wheel Dream That Died at Takeoff"
1018:Early "teardrop" cars, chronologically
870:The cause of the crash is disputed. A
2412:Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud
2173:
1930:
1806:
1770:
1746:
1731:
1713:
1603:. Hemmings Motor News. Archived from
1598:"The Aesthetics of Low Drag Vehicles"
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1245:
1145:
635:rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout
249:shown entering the car, carrying coat
2224:Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
1946:Jonathan Glancey (October 5, 2010).
1570:
1476:
1110:
2141:Dymaxion car driven by Bucky Fuller
2006:"Dymaxion – O'Rourke CoachTrimmers"
1948:"Norman Foster's back-to-front car"
1852:in the completed Dymaxion car with
1639:Daniel Strohl (November 13, 2009).
1584:
1531:
1393:Davey G. Johnson (March 18, 2015).
722:
669:
24:
2084:
1965:Allsop, Laura (October 15, 2010).
1547:Olive Hoogenboom (February 2000).
1436:"About Fuller, Session 9, Part 15"
1336:
948:2010 replica of 1933 Dymaxion, by
472:, set up a workshop in the former
257:was designed by American inventor
245:The Dymaxion car, c. 1933, artist
25:
2497:
2369:Proposed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium
2110:
1902:Frida, a biography of Frida Kahlo
1566:. St. Martin's Press. p. 30.
1514:Fifty Cars that Changed the World
885:Fuller himself would later crash
364:Fifty Cars That Changed The World
2093:Buckminster Fuller: Dymaxion Car
1397:. Car and Driver. Archived from
892:
589:Fuller had worked with sculptor
2134:The World of Buckminster Fuller
2074:"Test Drives: The Dymaxion Car"
2024:
1998:
1987:. Synchronofile.com. 2009-09-19
1977:
1958:
1924:
1872:for the out-of-town opening of
1800:
1779:
1740:
1679:
1453:
1350:Nevala-Lee, Alec (2022-08-02).
909:as well as companies including
826:
773:for the out-of-town opening of
466:instituted a banking moratorium
2309:Expo 67 United States Pavilion
1838:Humanities Lab. Archived from
1828:Towards a cultural history of
1624:Daniel Strohl (May 20, 2013).
1551:. American National Biography.
1420:R. Buckminster Fuller (1983).
1181:
1154:
1058:
897:Fuller received interest from
400:, which he ultimately renamed
146:Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive
13:
1:
1496:Kurt Ernst (March 27, 2014).
1319:Buckminster Fuller's Universe
1164:Buckminster Fuller's Universe
1161:Sieden, Lloyd Steven (2000).
1051:
851:A highly publicized crash in
613:Prototypes One, Two and Three
227:To his young daughter Allegra
2481:Three-wheeled motor vehicles
2406:Buckminster Fuller Challenge
2379:Old Man River's City project
2354:Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere
2165:CFD Analysis of Dymaxion Car
1848:went on a road trip through
1562:Fuller, Buckminster (1983).
1194:. Prentice-Hall. p. 17.
1167:. Basic Books. p. 132.
1124:Phil Patton (June 2, 2008).
668:In contemporary videos (see
599:computational fluid dynamics
484:, and hired naval architect
340:at the rear (capable of 90°
338:steering via its third wheel
200:20 ft (6,096.0 mm)
7:
2057:Dan Neil (April 24, 2015).
1096:. Routledge. p. 1266.
999:
963:The Foster Dymaxion Replica
939:
135:Sheet aluminum on ash frame
10:
2502:
2061:. The Wall Street Journal.
1212:Art Kleiner (April 2008).
975:National Automobile Museum
846:
711:National Automobile Museum
625:with aircraft-type dished
384:
2440:
2342:Design science revolution
2318:
2247:
2207:
1883:Four Saints in Three Acts
985:The Lane Dymaxion Replica
784:Four Saints in Three Acts
641:. Tires were provided by
629:– and powered by a
552:
279:with much of his work, a
196:
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166:
161:
151:
139:
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117:
112:
92:
84:
74:
66:
54:
49:
37:
32:
2267:Dymaxion deployment unit
1898:Herrera, Hayden (1983).
1006:Streamliner: Automobiles
987:was commissioned by the
476:building of the defunct
207:The Omni-Media-Transport
58:The Dymaxion Corporation
2216:Nine Chains to the Moon
1985:"Dymaxion Car Restored"
1842:on September 16, 2007.
1787:"Dymaxion Car Restored"
1549:"R. Buckminster Fuller"
677:Later prototype history
521:41.167250°N 73.180306°W
482:Bridgeport, Connecticut
417:Bucky Fuller's Universe
311:and top speed, and its
219:Bucky Fuller's Universe
88:Bridgeport, Connecticut
61:Bridgeport, Connecticut
1931:Marks, Robert (1973).
1807:Marks, Robert (1973).
1771:Marks, Robert (1973).
1747:Marks, Robert (1973).
1732:Marks, Robert (1973).
1714:Marks, Robert (1973).
1643:. Hemmings Motor News.
1628:. Hemmings Motor News.
1500:. Hemmings Motor News.
1246:Marks, Robert (1973).
1146:Marks, Robert (1973).
952:
803:
702:
645:. The suspension used
559:Omni Medium Transport,
457:
434:
426:
250:
233:
214:
80:three prototypes built
2326:Allegra Fuller Snyder
2118:Dymaxion car at speed
1669:Bucky Fuller (1975).
1511:Andrew Nahum (2009).
1424:. St. Martin's Press.
1191:R. Buckminster Fuller
1188:McHale, John (1962).
1090:Frank Magill (1999).
1041:(1932–1935, 1946), US
947:
831:Soon after launching
798:
719:Gulf Refining Company
696:
526:41.167250; -73.180306
455:
430:
421:
244:
229:
217:Lloyd S. Sieden,
209:
2399:Buckminsterfullerene
2332:Current solar income
1868:, before going onto
1026:Rumpler Tropfenwagen
794:Handling limitations
769:, before driving to
500:Dymaxion Corporation
470:Dymaxion Corporation
359:Dymaxion Corporation
2239:Dymaxion Chronofile
1866:Hamden, Connecticut
1382:on August 21, 2012.
1215:The Age of Heretics
956:Hemmings Motor News
934:The Age of Heretics
857:Century of Progress
767:Hamden, Connecticut
732:National Geographic
687:Century of Progress
603:Coventry University
517: /
2471:Buckminster Fuller
2423:(2012 documentary)
2415:(1996 documentary)
2201:Buckminster Fuller
1860:– stopping to see
1830:Buckminster Fuller
1517:. Conran Octopus.
1460:Allison C. Meier.
1130:The New York Times
967:Buckminster Fuller
953:
806:Bucky Fuller,
761:, stopping to see
703:
601:(CFD) analysis at
593:to create plaster
478:Locomobile Company
458:
378:The New York Times
259:Buckminster Fuller
251:
2458:
2457:
2144:on YouTube, with
2038:on 30 August 2012
2012:on 30 August 2012
1854:Clare Boothe Luce
1580:. Coachbuilt.com.
1174:978-0-7382-0379-9
989:Lane Motor Museum
971:Sir Norman Foster
755:Clare Boothe Luce
743:Leopold Stokowski
369:The Last Dymaxion
324:front-wheel drive
204:
203:
16:(Redirected from
2493:
2427:Karlis Johansons
2389:Ephemeralization
2194:
2187:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2119:
2106:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2034:. Archived from
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:. Archived from
2002:
1996:
1995:
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1992:
1981:
1975:
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1143:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1062:
865:Charles Dollfuss
811:
627:lightening holes
562:availability of
532:
531:
529:
528:
527:
522:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
486:Starling Burgess
468:, Fuller formed
271:Starling Burgess
263:Great Depression
237:
222:
113:Body and chassis
103:Starling Burgess
67:Also called
44:Dymaxion replica
42:
30:
29:
21:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2436:
2432:Kenneth Snelson
2314:
2243:
2203:
2198:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2087:
2085:Further reading
2082:
2081:
2070:
2066:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1944:
1940:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1896:
1892:
1862:Thornton Wilder
1844:Later in 1934,
1832:'s Dymaxion Car
1820:
1816:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1769:
1756:
1745:
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1633:
1622:
1615:
1610:on Dec 5, 2021.
1607:
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1404:
1402:
1401:on May 18, 2015
1391:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1337:
1330:
1322:. Basic Books.
1314:
1255:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1210:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1159:
1155:
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1122:
1111:
1104:
1088:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1002:
942:
899:Walter Chrysler
895:
861:William Sempill
849:
829:
813:
805:
796:
763:Thornton Wilder
739:Prototype Three
679:
615:
555:
544:
525:
523:
519:
516:
511:
508:
506:
504:
503:
387:
309:fuel efficiency
239:
235:
228:
224:
216:
208:
131:Body style
79:
59:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2391:
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2381:
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2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2347:Design science
2344:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2303:Fly's Eye Dome
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2255:Dymaxion house
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2146:Amelia Earhart
2137:
2125:
2112:
2111:External links
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:978-0956433930
2101:
2095:. Ivorypress.
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:. Cartalk.com.
2064:
2049:
2023:
1997:
1976:
1957:
1938:
1923:
1916:
1890:
1878:Virgil Thomson
1874:Gertrude Stein
1814:
1799:
1778:
1754:
1739:
1721:
1703:
1678:
1646:
1631:
1613:
1583:
1569:
1554:
1530:
1523:
1503:
1475:
1464:. AtlasObscura
1452:
1427:
1412:
1385:
1367:
1356:Slate Magazine
1335:
1328:
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1197:
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941:
938:
919:Curtiss-Wright
894:
891:
848:
845:
828:
825:
797:
795:
792:
779:Virgil Thomson
775:Gertrude Stein
747:
746:
736:
727:Amelia Earhart
723:External links
691:
690:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:External links
662:
661:
653:Prototypes Two
650:
623:chromoly steel
614:
611:
607:humpback whale
576:fluid dynamics
554:
551:
550:
549:
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442:Isadora Duncan
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2285:Geodesic dome
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2265:
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2256:
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2250:
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2234:
2233:
2232:Critical Path
2229:
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1917:0-06-091127-1
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1543:
1541:
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1537:
1535:
1526:
1524:9781840915853
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1499:
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1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1468:September 27,
1463:
1456:
1442:on 2015-05-18
1441:
1437:
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950:Norman Foster
946:
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922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:Auto industry
890:
888:
887:Prototype Two
883:
882:passengers".
879:
875:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Prototype One
844:
842:
838:
834:
833:Prototype One
824:
821:
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734:
733:
728:
724:
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716:
712:
708:
707:Prototype Two
705:
704:
700:
699:Prototype Two
697:The Dymaxion
695:
688:
684:
683:Prototype One
681:
680:
671:
667:
664:
663:
658:
654:
651:
648:
644:
640:
639:Ford roadster
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:Prototype One
617:
616:
610:
608:
604:
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596:
592:
591:Isamu Noguchi
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332:layout), and
331:
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321:
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283:of the words
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173:Ford flathead
171:
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125:
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107:Isamu Noguchi
104:
100:
97:
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83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
27:Motor vehicle
19:
2476:Concept cars
2418:
2410:
2273:Dymaxion map
2261:Dymaxion car
2260:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2148:as passenger
2133:
2092:
2067:
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:the original
2000:
1989:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1960:
1952:The Guardian
1951:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1901:
1893:
1881:
1858:Dorothy Hale
1843:
1840:the original
1827:
1817:
1808:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1781:
1772:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1715:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1671:
1634:
1605:the original
1572:
1563:
1557:
1513:
1506:
1466:. Retrieved
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:the original
1430:
1421:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:the original
1388:
1380:the original
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1318:
1247:
1229:
1214:
1190:
1183:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1129:
1092:
1060:
1039:Stout Scarab
984:
979:Reno, Nevada
962:
954:
933:
930:
923:
907:Henry Kaiser
896:
886:
884:
880:
876:
869:
852:
850:
832:
830:
827:Speed record
822:
818:
814:
807:
804:
799:
789:
782:
759:Dorothy Hale
748:
738:
731:
715:Reno, Nevada
706:
698:
682:
665:
656:
652:
647:leaf springs
618:
588:
583:
580:
572:
568:
558:
556:
547:4D Dymaxion.
546:
541:
512:73°10′49.1″W
509:41°10′02.1″N
499:
494:
469:
463:
459:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
416:
414:
409:
406:4D Transport
405:
401:
397:
395:
390:
388:
376:
374:
367:
363:
358:
356:
334:three wheels
328:
317:rear-mounted
306:
300:
298:
292:
291:
285:
284:
274:
267:World's Fair
255:Dymaxion car
254:
252:
247:Diego Rivera
234:
230:
218:
215:
210:
183:Transmission
99:Bucky Fuller
70:4D Transport
55:Manufacturer
33:Dymaxion car
18:Dymaxion Car
2337:Synergetics
2297:Octet truss
1850:Connecticut
1687:"Bucky car"
1045:Schlörwagen
1033:Aurel Persu
1012:Flying cars
751:Connecticut
595:wind tunnel
542:4D Company,
524: /
490:Rolls-Royce
474:dynamometer
281:portmanteau
261:during the
124:Concept car
2465:Categories
2328:(daughter)
2291:World Game
2279:Tensegrity
2156:on YouTube
1991:2012-01-22
1697:2012-01-22
1446:2015-04-29
1361:2022-10-20
1103:1136593349
1066:US 2101057
1052:References
915:Studebaker
903:Henry Ford
584:automobile
538:Blueprints
502:location:
351:turbulence
192:Dimensions
162:Powertrain
75:Production
2394:Fullerene
2374:Gold Dome
2042:28 August
2016:28 August
1792:25 August
1405:April 28,
375:In 2008,
320:V8 engine
2445:Category
2364:Dymaxion
2359:Geoscope
1870:Hartford
1836:Stanford
1675:(Video).
1000:See also
993:Dan Neil
940:Replicas
771:Hartford
643:Goodyear
402:Shelter.
398:T-Square
342:steering
326:(a rare
313:platform
276:Dymaxion
153:Platform
94:Designer
85:Assembly
50:Overview
2450:Commons
2319:Related
2123:YouTube
1876:'s and
1846:Noguchi
926:Airflow
911:Packard
872:coroner
847:Crashes
777:'s and
666:Videos:
660:outlet.
631:Ford V8
438:Phillip
385:History
336:. With
2311:(1967)
2305:(1965)
2299:(1961)
2293:(1961)
2287:(1953)
2281:(1949)
2275:(1946)
2269:(1940)
2263:(1933)
2257:(1928)
2235:(1981)
2227:(1968)
2219:(1938)
2136:, 1971
2099:
1914:
1910:–294.
1521:
1326:
1222:
1171:
1100:
1071:
905:, and
810:, 1983
553:Design
536:Note:
424:chose.
297:, and
221:, 2000
197:Length
168:Engine
141:Layout
2248:Other
2208:Books
1608:(PDF)
1601:(PDF)
841:drift
837:Bronx
753:with
657:Three
446:short
288:namic
119:Class
101:with
2097:ISBN
2044:2012
2018:2012
1912:ISBN
1856:and
1794:2012
1691:WNET
1519:ISBN
1470:2020
1407:2015
1324:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1098:ISBN
917:and
863:and
757:and
655:and
564:jets
349:and
347:lift
299:tens
295:imum
253:The
187:Ford
105:and
78:1933
2121:on
1971:CNN
1908:289
1880:'s
1864:in
977:in
781:'s
765:in
713:in
301:ion
293:max
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1757:^
1724:^
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329:RF
322:,
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286:dy
176:V8
2193:e
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