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882:, were small rooms dug into the side of a low rolling hill. The walls were built up with sod blocks to a height of seven or eight feet. Holes were left for purchased doors and windows hauled from the nearest town or railhead. Cottonwood poles were laid side by side to form a support for a roof made of a thick layer of coarse prairie grass. Over this was carefully fitted a double layer of the sod building blocks. Rain helped the sod to grow and soon the dugout roof was covered with waving grass. Some frontier families found that their cows grazed on their roof, and occasionally had them fall through.
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472:) was banned by the housing safety law of 1901. In some areas in the east of the country, people lived in dugouts into the 1960s. Dutch dugouts are constructed around an excavated pit with a roof made from heather sod, and front and back walls made from slabs of peat. A small number of these huts survive, and can be seen in the open air museums of Arnhem, Schoonoord, Barger-Compascuum and Harkema. Modernized dugouts are available as tourist accommodation in several locations.
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and summer temperatures, with the mass of the ground serving as an insulator. In addition, adobe walls gather heat during the day and release it when temperatures drop. The earliest pithouses were round, and varied in size between nine and twenty-five feet in diameter. Around 700, pithouse designs became more individualized. Excavations reveal examples based on squares, rectangles and shapes similar to the letter D.
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were plastered with clay or lined with stone — either large slabs wedged upright in the soil or courses of smaller stones. The exterior of the pithouse was formed of branches, packed tree bark, or brush and grass. A thick layer of mud on the outside of the roof and walls protected the shelter from the weather. Often the initial mud layer was carefully plastered with a lighter colored clay.
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hill, with adequate drainage to provide run-off for rain and melting snow. Most pioneer dugouts had a short lifespan, being replaced by plank or rock homes when farmers had time and money to create larger, more traditional homes. When a family built a house of logs or boards, their domestic animals often continued to be sheltered in a sod dugout.
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Many of the ancient peoples of the
American continents built semi-permanent houses of poles and brush plastered with mud over a shallow pit in the earth. As these pithouses were very similar to those first built in northeastern Europe 25,000 years ago, pithouse technology may have been carried to the
201:. Census data from 1851 shows that nearly 80 percent of the workers living in the dugouts were miners, with probably the majority being Cornish. Floods and the Victorian gold rush effectively ended the large scale use of dugouts in Burra, but people were still being 'washed' out of the creek in 1859.
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Pithouse construction was usually based on four corner posts positioned upright in the pit. These posts were carefully chosen and trimmed to create a branch or fork at the top as a structural support. They were joined by horizontal beams and crossed with ceiling joists. The interior sides of the pit
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Although the architectural styles used by these people evolved throughout their history, the pithouse remained a basic residential structure. Pithouses are found in isolated rural settings, in conjunction with above ground dwellings and adjacent to the large multi-room cliff dwellings characteristic
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An individual pithouse was occupied for an average of about 15 years. By more modern standards, these dwellings were cramped and dark. The centralized hearth created a smoky, cold environment during the winter. Most pithouses are associated with an open air plaza or rooftop where inhabitants carried
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Pithouses were built by excavating a well defined hole into the ground, usually around 6" to 18" deep but occasionally as deep as four to five feet, and creating walls and roof using a pole and adobe technology. The sunken floor of the dwelling is below the frost line and helps moderate both winter
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dug into hillsides have been the traditional dwellings from early times. The advantage of a yaodong over an ordinary house is that it needs little heating in winter and no cooling in summer. An estimated 40 million people in northern China live in a yaodong. Many people live in semi-recessed dugout
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in the roof provided fresh air and evacuated smoke. The placement of the home's entrance varied by locality and archaeological period. Early homes utilized the ventilation stack as an egress by means of a ladder. Later homes expanded the pit into a keyhole shape to create a low sheltered entrance.
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based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out. These structures are one of the most ancient types of human
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and sand. Some were carpeted and other variations included building on a second room for school teachers or guests. Heating could be provided by burning buffalo chips or cow chips. The home's comfort and structural stability were maximized when the structure was located on the south side of a low
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The floor of the dugout home was of dirt or rough wooden planks. Walls were lined with newspapers pasted or pinned up with small, sharpened sticks to keep dirt from flaking into the home's interior. Some families used fabric on their walls while others created a plaster coating from local
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village of Bacavi was founded in 1909, some groups of people arrived in the late autumn. As there was a limited window of time for building, the new arrivals built pithouses as warm shelters for the winter. Some of these homes remained occupied until the 1970s.
764:. The emergence of the pithouse marks the transition between a nomadic hunting-and-gathering livelihood and a settled agricultural way of life which also relied on wild plants and animals for food. Pithouse structures were probably the forerunners of the
322:). The latest large Turkish underground city was discovered in 2007 in Gaziemir, Güzelyurt. This city was a stopover on the Silk Road, allowing travelers and their camels to rest in safety, underground, in a 'fortress' hotel equivalent to a modern hotel.
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In frontier Canada and the United States, dugout style shelters were also used by pioneers and settlers from Europe. In these cases, the shelter's construction closely reflected the architecture of the various settlers' origins. They ranged from the
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as they were used as an area to rest and carry out other activities such as eating. They would usually range in size from dugouts that could hold several men to dugouts that could hold thousands of soldiers. Some sophisticated dugouts, such as the
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A large number of pithouses have been archaeologically excavated throughout the
American Southwest. Reproductions of these basic family structures exist in museums and tourist information sites, such as the structure at the
514:, where dwellers could use cheap construction materials such as pit, wood and straw, but more durable materials such as stone were rare and expensive. Similar dug-outs were used in the neighbouring regions of the wider
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and in the 1990s some of them were entered, at least in part. The level of activity can be gauged by the fact that during 1917 and 1918, more people lived underground in the Ypres area than reside in the town today.
211:, 846 kilometres north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway, where opal mining is the dominant industry. Most residents live in caves excavated into the hillsides to avoid the harsh summer temperatures and work
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contains at least 36 historical underground cities, carved out of unusual geological formations formed via the eruptions of ancient volcanoes. The cities were initially inhabited by the
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Burra in South
Australia's Mid-North region was the site of the famous 'Monster Mine' (copper) and home to 4,400 people in 1851, 1,800 of whom were living in dugouts in the
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out most of their daily activities during good weather. In areas suitable for intensive agriculture, groups of pithouses clustered to create communities of varying sizes.
981:, were placed more than 10 metres (33 ft) underground, lined with concrete, wood and steel to withstand the shock of artillery, accessed via a set of wooden stairs.
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slabs; the roof frequently reached to within a foot of the Earth's surface; they probably served as storehouses, winter quarters, and as places of refuge in times of
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cut from the land. The strip could be cut into two foot sections, four to six inches deep, to make an almost perfect building block with good insulating properties.
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Americas by early nomadic settlers, traveling first through
Siberia, and then across the ice bridge between Asia and North America about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.
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A reconstruction shows the pit dug below ground, four supporting posts, roof structure as a layers of wood and mud, and entry through the roof; Step House ruins at
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offering free land for those who could "prove up" their claims by living on the land and farming it for a prescribed number of years. Settlers on the newly opened
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Interior space was often loosely divided into two rooms, one for storing personal and dry goods and the other as living quarters. Many pithouses included an
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walls built up and roofs made of timber and turf/sod. Turf was used because timber was scarce and expensive, and stone not practical before the advent of
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built by
Ukrainian immigrants. The burdei was intended as a temporary refuge until a "proper" home of poplar logs and mud/straw plaster could be built.
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in 2008. Although today it is the only known partially surviving example of this type of shelter, it was one of many such dugout houses constructed by
287:, Jews used an intricate system of man-made hideout complexes, prepared well in advance of the onset of the revolt. Many such sites were discovered in
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1539:(pbk. : alk. paper). Pithouse architecture is discussed on pp. 30–33. Animage similar to the above reconstruction appears on p. 32.
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Auhl, I. 1986. The Story of the 'Monster Mine': the Burra Burra Mine and its
Townships 1845-1877. Investigator Press Pty. Ltd. Chapter 12.
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774:...the late pithouses are often clues to relatively short-term changes in settlement location and adjustment to climatic fluctuations.
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Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during
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821:. National and state parks and monuments showcase pithouse ruins and may include authentic reconstructions such as the
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Half-buried house from Drăghiceni, Olt County, Romania, dated 19th century. Exhibited at the
Village Museum Bucharest.
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upon arrival in Canada, and a form of shelter used by many settlers of various ethnicities upon their arrival on the
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are common, and come in large groups named quiggly towns, which are correspondingly the remains of ancient villages.
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In the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, dugouts are used extensively by both sides for similar tactical reasons.
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These homes were also warmed by a centralized hearth, a fire pit with an air deflector, and side vents and a
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as hiding places. They are now archeological and tourist sites, but are not generally occupied (see
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Western
America: The Exploration, Settlement, and Development of the Region Beyond the Mississippi
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776:(Cordell, p. 164) This appears to be true among the modern Pueblo peoples as well. When the
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1036:) which were used as underground bunkers to provide shelter and a hiding place from enemies. In
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burrow, which sloped downwards 10 or 12 ft. to the floor of the house; the inside was
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Steps leading down to a German deep dugout at
Bernafay Wood, near Montauban, used in the
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since 1993. The Sassi are houses dug into the volcanic rock itself, known locally as "
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264:(10,000 to 300 BC) complex pit houses were the most commonly used method of housing.
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1497:"National guardsmen destroy five tanks, 40 artillery systems, 85 dugouts in week"
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1517:. St. Remy Press, Montreal and Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., 1994.
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Les communautés francophones et leur histoire>> Centre Nord>> Legal
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Activities of The
Diggers - Restoration of the Yorkshire Trench & Dug-out
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built later in the Pueblo periods, and share many characteristics with them.
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550:, Weems and Picts' houses, were underground dwellings, extant even after the
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until mid-20th century. They were wide-spread in the plains, such as on the
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Pithouses were very common structures in the American Southwest during the
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cultures, and were also found in cultures extending north and west of the
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houses in north-western China where hot summers and cold winters prevail.
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in the mid 6th century. It was inhabited and governed primarily by
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First driven underground by enemies who invaded their country, the
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also built burdeis as temporary shelters when they settled in the
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is similar, in terms of climate, housing, and mining operations.
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To build in a new land : ethnic landscapes in North America
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found underground homes the best defense against summer heat.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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an important earth sheltered Neolithic settlement in Scotland
591:
390:
385:, since time immemorial and well into the 20th century, most
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1998:
1988:
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1383:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. pp.
1141:, umbrella article for underground dwellings and facilities
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has gained international fame for its ancient town, the "
394:
140:
2297:
1408:"A Short History of the Mennonite Immigration to Kansas"
594:
derived its name from Zemln, which is akin to zemunica.
558:. Entry was effected by a passage not much wider than a
506:
were widely used on the territory of Romania since the
1649:
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Dugout
1946:
867:
found there were not enough trees to build familiar
1600:(Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1977).
1607:(Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society,1975).
1531:, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque NM,
1447:
1249:. Archived from the original on September 19, 2004
859:, the federal United States government passed the
772:of the region. Historian Linda Cordell notes that
1624:Veda Giezentanner, "In Dugouts and Sod Houses, "
1292:^ Early Jomon hamlet found Retrieved January 2007
960:Dugouts were used extensively as protection from
132:, and the same methods have evolved into modern "
2795:
1449:"First World War tunnels to yield their secrets"
1266:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
984:About 180 dugout sites have been located in the
566:in shape, and was walled with overlapping rough
1527:Rohn, Arthur H. and Ferguson, William M, 2006,
1593:(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1930).
1445:
1420:
2283:
1669:
1614:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1945).
1281:Chinese Earth Shelter Dwellings: By Paul Long
646:the remains of a form of pit-house called a
1170:Types of dugouts and other related topics:
2290:
2276:
1676:
1662:
732:Learn how and when to remove this message
428:" (meaning "stones of Matera"), which is
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1644:3-D Representation of a Hohokam pithouse
1349:Pioneer Dugout - Texas Historical Marker
944:
787:
528:
451:
408:
247:
180:
94:
82:
2839:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1558:. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
837:structure at the Hardy Site in Tucson,
626:British Columbia and American Northwest
602:The most famous feature of the town of
171:
2796:
1047:
302:
2814:Traditional Native American dwellings
2271:
1657:
1617:LeRoy R. Hafen and Carl Coke Rister,
972:. They were an important part of the
681:
1605:Conquering the Great American Desert
1548:
1374:
1325:Canadian Register of Historic Places
992:
831:Fremont Indian State Park and Museum
714:adding citations to reliable sources
685:
657:
207:is a small outback town in northern
55:Please help consolidate the article.
32:
809:, containing storage bins or pits.
475:
367:, abandoned the site in the 1790s.
13:
2675:Naples underground geothermal zone
1621:(New York: * Prentice-Hall, 1941).
1583:
1018:sometimes lived in dugouts called
1014:, or armed resistance fighters in
935:
227:In north China, especially on the
16:Hole or depression used as shelter
14:
2850:
1690:designs and semi-permanent human
1637:
1113:Zemlyanka used by partisans near
574:. Similar dwellings are found in
460:in Themepark de Spitkeet, Harkema
335:The well-preserved cave towns of
2249:
2238:
2237:
1949:
1940:
1417:at the Hillsboro museum web site
1106:
1094:
1078:
1062:
878:These first homes, often called
690:
668:National Historic Site of Canada
612:
486:were used as stores for food in
37:
2824:Dwellings of the Pueblo peoples
1529:Puebloan Ruins of the Southwest
1489:
1467:
1456:from the original on 2022-01-12
1439:
1401:
1368:
701:needs additional citations for
464:In the Netherlands the dugout (
2721:Forestiere Underground Gardens
2584:Underground mining (soft rock)
2579:Underground mining (hard rock)
2564:Subsurface utility engineering
1377:"Ukrainians in Western Canada"
1354:
1342:
1331:
1313:
1295:
1286:
1274:
1239:
1230:
1121:, preserved as a WWII memorial
940:
825:structure at Step House ruin,
662:The Doukhobor Dugout House in
546:, earth houses, also known as
447:
436:", which is characteristic of
267:
1:
1507:
1446:Jasper Conning (2007-08-27).
952:church dugout constructed by
844:
606:is the cave dwellings in the
217:White Cliffs, New South Wales
119:, is a shelter for humans or
99:Coober Pedy dugout, Australia
19:For the use in baseball, see
2834:Semi-subterranean structures
2574:Underground mine ventilation
176:
7:
2731:Underground House Las Vegas
1328:. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
1126:
537:
522:, where they were known as
389:were partly dug down, with
279:Bar Kokhba hiding complexes
10:
2855:
2726:Underground House Colorado
2655:Underground City, Montreal
2650:Underground City (Beijing)
1626:The Chronicles of Oklahoma
1436:, access date 10 July 2015
1379:. In Allen G Noble (ed.).
1216:Tunnels in popular culture
1055:
999:
898:
894:
848:
586:In Serbia they are called
497:
430:UNESCO World Heritage Site
374:
370:
276:
155:
25:
18:
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2757:Hockerton Housing Project
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2708:
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2298:Man-made and man-related
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2157:
2067:
2014:
1966:
1938:
1698:
1338:Chapter 2: Frontier Homes
1307:October 13, 2007, at the
1033:
910:–style sod houses called
664:Blaine Lake, Saskatchewan
581:
330:
325:
320:Kaymaklı Underground City
272:
150:
2771:Earth shelters Australia
2551:underground construction
1927:Wigwam, wickiup and wetu
1555:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1413:August 27, 2011, at the
1223:
1135:: underground structures
954:171st Tunnelling Company
827:Mesa Verde National Park
794:Mesa Verde National Park
746:early and middle periods
597:
404:
243:
222:
193:, Queensland around 1910
50:too many section headers
2819:Vernacular architecture
2511:Missile launch facility
2220:Vernacular architecture
1133:Subterranea (geography)
819:Manitou Cliff Dwellings
28:Dugout (disambiguation)
2736:Underground World Home
1596:Donald E. Green, ed.,
1515:Ancient Pueblo Peoples
1486:Educational Foundation
1320:Doukhobor Dugout House
957:
797:
534:
469:
461:
456:A "plaggenhut" in the
418:
314:, then later by early
253:
194:
100:
92:
2625:Kőbánya cellar system
2620:Houston tunnel system
2559:Rock-cut architecture
1747:Clochán (beehive hut)
1612:A History of Oklahoma
1375:Lehr, John C (1992).
1145:Rock-cut architecture
948:
791:
532:
455:
412:
251:
187:Indigenous Australian
184:
98:
86:
2700:Subterranean fiction
2695:Subterranean warfare
1792:Icelandic turf house
1699:Traditional immobile
1069:Interior of dugout,
710:improve this article
590:. Also, the town of
377:Icelandic turf house
172:Asia and the Pacific
89:Pie Town, New Mexico
26:For other uses, see
2690:Subterranean Toledo
2685:Subterranean London
2605:Caves of Maastricht
2569:Tunnel construction
2350:Burial vault (tomb)
1452:. Daily Telegraph.
1087:Battle of the Somme
1048:Russo-Ukrainian War
303:Turkey (Cappadocia)
262:Japanese prehistory
2645:Underground living
2527:Underground hangar
2225:Village des Bories
1967:Traditional mobile
1632:English Literature
1513:Cordell, Linda S.
1479:2007-09-28 at the
1432:2017-12-01 at the
1302:Underground Cities
1165:Pillbox (military)
1155:Underground living
958:
932:region of Kansas.
857:American Civil War
798:
682:American Southwest
535:
462:
419:
295:, for instance at
254:
195:
111:, also known as a
101:
93:
2791:
2790:
2745:Earth shelters UK
2716:Bill Gates' house
2709:Earth shelters US
2479:Military features
2470:Ventilation shaft
2338:Civilian features
2265:
2264:
2165:Cabanes du Breuil
1628:39 (Summer 1961).
1571:Missing or empty
1564:cite encyclopedia
1474:Virtual Zemlyanka
1394:978-0-8018-4189-7
1040:they were called
742:
741:
734:
666:was designated a
658:Canadian Prairies
644:Pacific Northwest
285:Bar Kokhba Revolt
143:or shelter while
128:housing known to
87:Dugout home near
81:
80:
73:
21:Dugout (baseball)
2846:
2752:Underhill, Holme
2660:Mine exploration
2522:Underground base
2517:Scallywag bunker
2486:Air raid shelter
2465:Smuggling tunnel
2430:Underground city
2370:Dugout (shelter)
2307:Natural features
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2175:Earth sheltering
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1678:
1671:
1664:
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1254:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1185:Earth sheltering
1139:Underground city
1110:
1101:Japanese dugout
1098:
1082:
1066:
1035:
762:Colorado plateau
737:
730:
726:
723:
717:
694:
686:
640:Columbia Plateau
636:British Columbia
632:Interior Plateau
476:Poland (Mazovia)
252:Yoshinogari site
215:in mine shafts.
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
41:
40:
33:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
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2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2783:Lightning Ridge
2766:
2740:
2704:
2588:
2549:
2536:
2506:Fallout shelter
2474:
2333:
2302:
2296:
2266:
2261:
2229:
2190:Skellig Michael
2170:Circular linhay
2153:
2137:Alpine club hut
2063:
2010:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1936:
1892:Sassi di Matera
1832:Musgum mud huts
1694:
1682:
1640:
1610:Grant Foreman,
1589:Cass G. Barns,
1586:
1584:Further reading
1572:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1484:Jewish Partisan
1481:Wayback Machine
1472:
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1459:
1457:
1444:
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1434:Wayback Machine
1425:
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1415:Wayback Machine
1406:
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1309:Wayback Machine
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1074:
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1004:
998:
956:in 1918 (model)
943:
938:
936:Wartime dugouts
926:Imperial Russia
908:French-Canadian
903:
897:
853:
847:
833:in Utah, and a
738:
727:
721:
718:
707:
695:
684:
660:
628:
615:
600:
584:
540:
516:Eurasian Steppe
502:Dugouts called
500:
480:Dugouts called
478:
450:
426:Sassi di Matera
415:Sassi di Matera
407:
379:
373:
333:
328:
305:
281:
275:
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246:
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209:South Australia
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2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Mines of Paris
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Trench warfare
2637:
2635:Tunnel network
2632:
2630:Tunnel warfare
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2593:Related topics
2590:
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2445:Secret passage
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2159:
2158:Related topics
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2149:
2144:
2139:
2132:Wilderness hut
2129:
2124:
2119:
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2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Shepherd's hut
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1957:Housing portal
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
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1639:
1638:External links
1636:
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1622:
1615:
1608:
1603:Everett Dick,
1601:
1598:Rural Oklahoma
1594:
1585:
1582:
1552:, ed. (1907).
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1093:
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1016:Eastern Europe
1000:Main article:
997:
991:
979:Vampire dugout
974:trench warfare
942:
939:
937:
934:
899:Main article:
896:
893:
849:Main article:
846:
843:
823:Ancient Pueblo
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554:evacuation of
539:
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512:Romanian Plain
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375:Main article:
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136:" technology.
130:archaeologists
79:
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45:
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2613:
2611:
2610:Civil defense
2608:
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2523:
2520:
2518:
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2512:
2509:
2507:
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2499:
2497:
2496:Blast shelter
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Semi-basement
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Utility vault
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Rock-cut tomb
2408:
2406:
2405:Rapid transit
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Earth shelter
2378:
2376:
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2019:
2017:
2013:
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1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1717:Beehive house
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1599:
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1592:
1591:The Sod House
1588:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:public domain
1538:
1537:0-8263-3970-0
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1523:0-89599-038-5
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970:Western Front
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861:Homestead Act
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699:This section
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361:Crimean Goths
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317:
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309:
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297:Horvat 'Ethri
294:
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256:In the Early
250:
241:
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230:
229:Loess Plateau
220:
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210:
206:
202:
200:
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134:earth shelter
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61:November 2020
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2600:Cave dweller
2460:Storm cellar
2369:
2255:
2243:
2210:Transhumance
2142:Mountain hut
2105:Jamesway hut
2004:Ger district
1999:Yurt and ger
1867:Quiggly hole
1822:Menstruation
1756:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1573:|title=
1553:
1542:
1528:
1514:
1499:. Ukrinform.
1491:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1441:
1422:
1403:
1380:
1370:
1356:
1344:
1333:
1323:
1315:
1297:
1288:
1276:
1251:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1169:
1051:
1041:
1019:
1008:World War II
1005:
993:
983:
959:
915:
911:
904:
884:
879:
877:
865:Great Plains
854:
815:
811:
799:
783:
773:
770:
743:
728:
719:
708:Please help
703:verification
700:
661:
651:
648:quiggly hole
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282:
258:Jōmon period
255:
226:
203:
196:
189:dugout near
159:
138:
123:animals and
121:domesticated
108:
104:
102:
67:
58:
47:
2809:House types
2778:Coober Pedy
2670:Mole people
2615:Coober Pedy
2532:Spider hole
2415:Root cellar
2300:subterranea
2195:Stilt house
2147:Winter room
2127:Twynham hut
2100:Quonset hut
1762:Earth lodge
1550:Wood, James
1363:(in French)
1180:Earth lodge
1175:Earth house
966:World War I
941:World War I
855:During the
807:antechamber
722:August 2012
638:and in the
542:In ancient
458:Netherlands
448:Netherlands
357:Justinian I
353:Chufut-Kale
345:Eski-Kermen
341:Mangup-Kale
283:During the
268:Middle East
213:underground
205:Coober Pedy
199:Burra Creek
117:earth lodge
2798:Categories
2215:Tree house
2112:Romney hut
2095:Nissen hut
2085:Hopper hut
2024:Beach fale
1882:Roundhouse
1708:(Nipa hut)
1706:Bahay kubo
1508:References
1460:2010-06-22
1253:2007-09-11
1247:"Document"
1200:Skara Brae
1150:Blockhouse
1021:zemlyankas
994:Zemlyankas
922:Mennonites
869:log cabins
845:Sod houses
802:smoke hole
672:Doukhobors
518:, e.g. in
470:plaggenhut
438:Basilicata
316:Christians
308:Cappadocia
277:See also:
191:Cunnamulla
2546:quarrying
2440:Wine cave
2360:Catacombs
2205:Thatching
2075:Beach hut
1932:Zemlyanka
1912:Tongkonan
1902:Sod house
1852:Pit-house
1812:Log cabin
1206:Sod house
1195:Pit-house
1071:Gallipoli
1042:ziemianki
1030:Ukrainian
1012:partisans
1002:Zemlyanka
950:Zonnebeke
930:Hillsboro
888:limestone
851:Sod house
508:Neolithic
483:ziemianka
177:Australia
125:livestock
113:pit-house
48:may have
2501:Casemate
2455:Stepwell
2395:Hypogeum
2385:Erdstall
2375:Dry well
2355:Borehole
2345:Basement
2329:Sinkhole
2244:Category
2122:Slab hut
2117:Rondavel
2090:Iris hut
2080:Hexayurt
2016:Open-air
1897:Shieling
1877:Rondavel
1872:Quinzhee
1712:Barabara
1692:shelters
1688:dwelling
1477:Archived
1454:Archived
1430:Archived
1411:Archived
1305:Archived
1262:cite web
1127:See also
1034:Землянка
962:shelling
754:Mogollon
676:prairies
588:zemunica
544:Scotland
538:Scotland
399:concrete
349:Inkerman
312:Hittites
291:and the
237:yaodongs
2804:Dugouts
2762:Malator
2680:Sapping
2400:Manhole
2365:Dungeon
2049:Pergola
2034:Chickee
1994:Yaranga
1847:Palloza
1547::
1056:Gallery
1026:Russian
968:in the
964:during
917:burdeis
914:to the
912:caveaux
895:Burdeis
880:soddies
839:Arizona
835:Hohokam
758:Hohokam
750:Anasazi
748:of the
642:of the
634:of the
630:In the
608:Barrio.
576:Ireland
556:Britain
520:Ukraine
498:Romania
488:Mazovia
383:Iceland
371:Iceland
365:Karaims
293:Galilee
235:called
166:Matmata
162:Berbers
156:Tunisia
145:hunting
141:warfare
109:dug-out
2542:Mining
2513:(silo)
2491:Bunker
2420:Tunnel
2324:Grotto
2319:Cenote
2256:Portal
2068:Modern
2059:Toguna
2054:Ramada
2044:Palapa
2039:Gazebo
2029:Cabana
1917:Trullo
1907:Sukkah
1862:Qarmaq
1827:Mitato
1817:Maloca
1777:Goahti
1757:Dugout
1752:Crotto
1732:Burdei
1727:Bunong
1535:
1521:
1391:
1385:309–30
1160:Bunker
1089:, 1916
1073:, 1915
1038:Poland
996:(WWII)
901:Burdei
652:kekuli
604:Guadix
582:Serbia
524:Burdei
504:Bordei
492:Poland
442:Apulia
422:Matera
387:houses
337:Crimea
331:Crimea
326:Europe
289:Judaea
273:Israel
151:Africa
105:dugout
91:, 1940
2548:, and
2390:Fogou
2180:Shack
1979:Lavvu
1922:Tukul
1857:Qargi
1807:Kapar
1802:Jacal
1797:Igloo
1787:Humpy
1782:Hogan
1772:Girna
1767:Funco
1742:Cleit
1722:Bothy
1224:Notes
1115:Nýrov
924:from
766:kivas
598:Spain
592:Zemun
568:stone
552:Roman
466:Dutch
413:The "
405:Italy
244:Japan
233:caves
223:China
2829:Huts
2435:Well
2314:Cave
2200:Tent
2185:Shed
1989:Tipi
1974:Chum
1887:Ruka
1842:Orri
1737:Bure
1577:help
1533:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1268:link
778:Hopi
756:and
564:oval
548:yird
440:and
434:Tufo
391:turf
351:and
339:are
1837:Oca
1685:Hut
1190:Hut
1028:or
1006:In
873:sod
712:by
650:or
572:war
560:fox
494:).
395:sod
393:or
381:In
260:of
185:An
164:of
115:or
107:or
2800::
2544:,
1568::
1566:}}
1562:{{
1387:.
1322:.
1264:}}
1260:{{
1117:,
1044:.
1032::
1010:,
841:.
829:,
752:,
678:.
578:.
526:.
468::
444:.
401:.
347:,
343:,
299:.
231:,
147:.
103:A
2291:e
2284:t
2277:v
1677:e
1670:t
1663:v
1579:)
1575:(
1463:.
1397:.
1351:.
1283:.
1270:)
1256:.
1024:(
796:.
735:)
729:(
724:)
720:(
706:.
490:(
417:"
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
53:.
30:.
23:.
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