389:) all petitioned Emperor Xizong to declare a general campaign against the Yangs and put Li Maozhen in charge of the overall operations. Emperor Xizong initially was apprehensive that if Li Maozhen defeated the Yangs, he would seize Shannan West and be even harder to control, and so ordered peace negotiations, but Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu, ignoring the orders, started attacking Yang Shouliang on their own. Li Maozhen further wrote arrogant letters to Du and Ximen Junsui (西門君遂) the new commander of the Shence Armies. Emperor Zhaozong was forced to relent and agree to put Li Maozhen in charge of the operations. By the end of the year, Li Maozhen had defeated the Yangs, who were arrested in flight by Han and delivered to Chang'an to be executed.
342:(特進), and created him the Duke of Xiangyang. It was said that at that time, Emperor Xizong initially ordered that all officials who accepted offices from Li Yun be put to death, but Du, intervening for them, were able to get some 70-80% spared. Subsequently, when Emperor Xizong went to Fengxiang on the path back to Chang'an, the imperial guards and Li Changfu's forces got into a conflict and openly battled each other. During the battle, Du walked on foot to Emperor Xizong's provisional palace and attended to the emperor, and it was said that this action helped inspired the imperial guards in defeating Li Changfu, who was subsequently killed by his own subordinate Xue Zhicou (薛知籌). The imperial guard general
424:
stricken with panic and collapsed. Li
Maozhen and Wang Xingyu approached Chang'an. Cui, who had long resented Du, informed Li Maozhen that it was not Emperor Zhaozong's idea to attack Li Maozhen, but Du's. Li Maozhen thus submitted a petition listing a number of accusations against Du, demanding Du's death. Du stated to Emperor Zhaozong, "I had long predicted what would happen. Please allow me to trade my life for Your Imperial Majesty's safety." Emperor Zhaozong initially tried to placate Li Maozhen by exiling Du to be the prefect of Wu Prefecture (梧州, in modern
440:) did not placate Li Maozhen, who continued to demand Du's death and announced that he would not withdraw until it occurred. Emperor Zhaozong was forced to order Du, as well as his brother Du Honghui (杜弘徽), to commit suicide. Subsequently, after Li Keyong defeated and killed Wang Xingyu and forced Li Maozhen into brief submission to the imperial government, Emperor Zhaozong posthumously honored Du. Du's son
334:, whom Zhu had ordered to try to capture Xingyuan to seize Emperor Xizong, unsuccessful in that task, Wang Xingyu was enticed by Yang's declaration that if anyone killed Zhu, that person would be allowed to succeed Zhu as the military governor of Jingnan. He thus ambushed Zhu at Chang'an and killed him. Li Yun fled to Hezhong and was executed by Wang Chongrong. Thereafter, Emperor Xizong made Du
227:(中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. It was said that, at that time, as Emperor Xizong had to often issue edicts in monitoring the Tang forces' campaigns against Huang, many edicts had to be written quickly, and Du wrote effectively and efficiently. Emperor Xizong was happy about his abilities and made him the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
293:). Wang's and Li Keyong's forces defeated those under Tian, Zhu, and Li Changfu, and approached Chang'an. Emperor Xizong fled to Xingyuan (興元, in modern Hanzhong), and initially, very few imperial officials followed, with Du being one of the few. Subsequently, Emperor Xizong made both him and another official who followed to Xingyuan,
410:
In anger, Emperor
Zhaozong wanted to declare a general campaign against Li Maozhen. Du, pointing out that the imperial armies were no longer, at this point, of battling warlords, advocated restraint. Emperor Zhaozong did not listen, and ordered Du to be in charge of the operations. Du, despite his
151:
to serve as the sheriff of Chang'an County, one of the two counties making up Chang'an, as well as an assistant at Jixian
Institute (集賢院). Sometime later, when his mother died, he left governmental service to observe a mourning period for her. After the end of the mourning period, he served on the
397:
In the aftermaths of LI Maozhen's victory over the Yangs, however, as
Emperor Zhaozong feared, he became even more arrogant in his communications with the imperial government. In spring 893, after he sent a petition stating that he wanted to be the military governor of Shannan West—i.e., intending
326:
had worked closely with Wang
Chongrong and Li Keyong in defeating Huang and recapturing Chang'an. He suggested having Yang write letters to Wang and Li Keyong to persuade them to rejoin Emperor Xizong's cause, and after Yang did so, Wang and Li Keyong redeclared their allegiance to Emperor Xizong
406:
the new military governor of
Fengxiang, while trying to placate Li Maozhen by also giving him Wuding Circuit (武定, headquartered in modern Hanzhong as well). Li Maozhen, disappointed, refused, and further submitted disrespectful and threatening petitions to Emperor Zhaozong, while also writing
423:
Li
Maozhen and Wang Xingyu mobilized their forces, some 60,000 strong, to resist Li Sizhou. As the Fengxiang and Jingnan forces were seasoned veterans, and the imperial forces were new recruits with little combat experience, before the armies could engage each other, the imperial forces were
415:
was conspiring with Li
Maozhen and Wang Xingyu, and therefore, everything that Du planned was leaked to Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu. They reacted by inciting the people at Chang'an to protest against the planned campaign, including violent protests in the presence of Ximen, Cui, and another
313:
the Prince of Xiang the new emperor, and it was said that few circuits remained obedient to
Emperor Xizong. With Tian Lingzi realizing that the people of the empire were largely against him and having left Emperor Xizong's presence (to join his brother
381:), Wang Xingyu's brother Wang Xingyue (王行約) the military governor of Kuangguo Circuit (匡國, headquartered in modern Weinan as well), and Li Maozhen's brother Li Maozhuang (李茂莊) the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern
420:. Emperor Zhaozong's resolve against Li Maozhen was initially not changed, and he put Li Sizhou (李嗣周) the Prince of Qin in command of 30,000 men to attack Li Maozhen, assisted by the imperial guard general Li Hui (李鐬), to escort Xu to Fengxiang.
361:
opposed, but
Emperor Zhaozong declared the campaign over their opposition, putting Zhang in overall command of the operations, which ended in utter failure in 891, at great losses to the imperial government, which was forced to pardon Li Keyong.
432:) while also executing Ximen and two other top eunuchs, Li Zhoutong (李周潼) and Duan Xu (段詡) and blaming the campaign on Ximen, Li Zhoutong, and Duan. But even a further demotion of Du to be the census officer at Lei Prefecture (雷州, in modern
538:
era (860-874) and served for three years; assuming that Niu started serving in 874, he would have served until 877, thus placing a frame on the time that Du would have served under him. See
365:
In 892, with Yang Fugong, who had a falling out with Emperor Zhaozong, having started a rebellion against the imperial government at Shannan West with his adoptive nephew
223:(禮部郎中), a supervisory official at the ministry of rites, as well as an editor of imperial history. Thereafter, he was put in charge of drafting edicts, and was also made
219:
also served as the director of finances, Du, in addition to his duty at the ministry of defense, also served under Xiao in that capacity. Subsequently, he was also made
782:
762:
757:
500:
Wang Duo served only briefly as the military governor of Xuanwu, in 873. Du's service under him therefore must be during that year. See
767:
517:
Liu Ye served as the military governor of Huainan from 874 to 876. Du's service under him therefore must be during that period. See
168:(監察御史). Subsequently, when Niu Wei (牛蔚) served as the military governor of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern
777:
67:. Early in Emperor Zhaozong's reign, against Du's recommendations, Emperor Zhaozong planned a campaign against the warlord
731:
727:
723:
719:
679:
628:
603:
587:
568:
231:). After Emperor Xizong was able to return to Chang'an after Huang's defeat, Du was made the minister of rites (禮部尚書,
71:
and put Du in charge of the campaign. After Li subsequently defeated the imperial forces, he marched on the capital
772:
353:, Du continued to serve as chancellor, and was created the Duke of Jin. In 890, when Kong and another chancellor,
117:
in 872, late in Emperor Yizong's reign. He thereafter served as the sheriff of Xianyang County (咸陽, in modern
91:
56:
707:
695:
646:
543:
505:
488:
322:
having succeeded Tian as the commander of the Shence Armies (神策軍), Du pointed out that Yang Fugong's brother
787:
445:
239:(銀青光祿大夫), and created the Viscount of Jianping. Subsequently, he was made the minister of defense (兵部尚書,
354:
370:
338:(中書侍郎, the deputy head of the legislative bureau) and minister of defense, with the honorary title of
318:
the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu)) and another eunuch,
309:
By this time, however, Zhu Mei had occupied Chang'an and declared Emperor Xizong's distant relative
350:
64:
251:
144:
102:
84:
60:
310:
153:
114:
156:
while Liu served as the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
143:), he invited Du to serve on his staff. Subsequently, by which time Emperor Yizong's son
8:
752:
747:
530:
It is not completely clear when Niu Wei served at Shannan West — Niu's biography in the
179:
Du subsequently was recalled to Chang'an, and he went through a progression of offices:
75:
and demanded Du's death, and Emperor Zhaozong was forced to order Du to commit suicide.
281:
the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang) and
164:). He was later recalled to Chang'an to serve as an imperial censor with the title
702:
690:
641:
483:
262:
183:(右補闕), a low-level advisory official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省,
658:
Another brother, Du Yanlin (杜彥林), was also forced to commit suicide according to
21:
714:
563:
417:
366:
258:
215:, Du also fled and caught up with the emperor in Chengdu. When the chancellor
741:
358:
315:
37:
398:
to control both Fengxiang and Shannan West—Emperor Zhaozong issued an edict
323:
88:
52:
26:
17:
412:
331:
319:
254:
148:
98:
72:
285:
the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
343:
282:
212:
68:
373:
the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern
261:
the military governor of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern
437:
433:
403:
269:
the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
266:
101:
served as a chancellor early in the reign of Emperor Wuzong's cousin
411:
reluctance, accepted the order. However, Du's chancellor colleague
382:
357:
advocated a campaign against Li Keyong, Du and another chancellor,
294:
265:) and tried to transfer Wang to another circuit, Wang and his ally
216:
169:
157:
131:
126:
118:
94:
534:
merely indicated that he started serving late in Emperor Yizong's
666:
indicated that he was still alive during Tianyou era (904 - 907).
441:
429:
378:
290:
278:
270:
208:
173:
161:
136:
122:
425:
374:
274:
349:
After Emperor Xizong died in 888 was succeeded by his brother
203:(兵部員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of defense (兵部,
386:
286:
140:
195:(禮部員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部,
211:
late in 880 due to an attack by the major agrarian rebel
369:(Yang Fuguang's adoptive son), Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu,
402:
Li Maozhen to Shannan West while naming the chancellor
444:later served as a chancellor during the succeeding
392:
277:) engaged the forces under Tian and Tian's allies
135:) of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
83:Du Rangneng was born in 841, during the reign of
739:
207:). When Emperor Xizong fled from Chang'an to
147:was emperor, Du was recalled to the capital
783:9th-century executions by the Tang dynasty
763:Chancellors under Emperor Zhaozong of Tang
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
579:
577:
558:
556:
554:
552:
758:Chancellors under Emperor Xizong of Tang
327:and sent material supplies to Xingyuan.
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
451:
740:
609:
593:
574:
549:
243:) and chief imperial scholar (翰林學士承旨,
330:Late in the year, with Zhu's officer
634:
457:
297:, chancellors, with the designation
257:got into a dispute with the warlord
87:. He was a descendant of the early
13:
14:
799:
768:Forced suicides of Chinese people
299:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
129:served as the military governor (
393:Death at Li Maozhen's insistence
304:
250:In late 885, after the powerful
669:
652:
235:), given the honorary title of
152:staff of the former chancellor
125:). When the former chancellor
113:Du Rangneng himself passed the
108:
662:, but other sources including
524:
511:
494:
1:
346:was given Fengxiang instead.
187:); imperial chronicler (起居郎,
78:
63:and Emperor Xizong's brother
778:Executed Tang dynasty people
7:
407:threatening letters to Du.
176:), Du served on his staff.
10:
804:
15:
773:Tang dynasty historians
245:Hanlin Xueshi Chengzhi
237:Yinqing Guanglu Daifu
115:imperial examinations
59:during the reigns of
452:Notes and references
788:Du clan of Jingzhao
47:(晉公), was a former
43:(群懿), formally the
201:Bingbu Yuanwailang
36:(杜讓能) (841–893),
795:
703:New Book of Tang
691:Old Book of Tang
683:
673:
667:
664:Old Book of Tang
660:New Book of Tang
656:
650:
642:New Book of Tang
638:
632:
622:
607:
597:
591:
581:
572:
560:
547:
540:Old Book of Tang
532:Old Book of Tang
528:
522:
519:Old Book of Tang
515:
509:
502:Old Book of Tang
498:
492:
484:Old Book of Tang
480:
351:Emperor Zhaozong
336:Zhongshu Shilang
263:Yuncheng, Shanxi
193:Libu Yuanwailang
65:Emperor Zhaozong
803:
802:
798:
797:
796:
794:
793:
792:
738:
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686:
674:
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657:
653:
639:
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454:
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307:
241:Bingbu Shangshu
225:Zhongshu Sheren
111:
81:
55:, serving as a
31:
12:
11:
5:
801:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
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755:
750:
736:
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715:Zizhi Tongjian
711:
699:
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684:
676:Zizhi Tongjian
668:
651:
633:
625:Zizhi Tongjian
608:
600:Zizhi Tongjian
592:
584:Zizhi Tongjian
573:
564:Zizhi Tongjian
548:
523:
510:
493:
455:
453:
450:
418:Zheng Yanchang
394:
391:
367:Yang Shouliang
306:
303:
259:Wang Chongrong
221:Libu Langzhong
185:Zhongshu Sheng
145:Emperor Xizong
110:
107:
103:Emperor Yizong
97:. His father
85:Emperor Wuzong
80:
77:
61:Emperor Xizong
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
800:
789:
786:
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781:
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368:
363:
360:
359:Liu Chongwang
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
325:
321:
317:
316:Chen Jingxuan
312:
305:As chancellor
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
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248:
246:
242:
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233:Libu Shangshu
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166:Jiancha Yushi
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62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
38:courtesy name
35:
29:
28:
23:
19:
713:
701:
689:
675:
671:
663:
659:
654:
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636:
624:
599:
595:
583:
562:
539:
535:
531:
526:
518:
513:
501:
496:
482:
422:
416:chancellor,
409:
400:transferring
399:
396:
364:
348:
339:
335:
329:
324:Yang Fuguang
308:
301:(同中書門下平章事).
298:
249:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:Hubu Shilang
228:
224:
220:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
178:
165:
130:
112:
109:Early career
89:Tang dynasty
82:
53:Tang dynasty
51:of the late
48:
44:
40:
33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
521:, vol. 177.
446:Later Liang
413:Cui Zhaowei
332:Wang Xingyu
320:Yang Fugong
255:Tian Lingzi
99:Du Shenquan
45:Duke of Jin
34:Du Rangneng
22:family name
753:893 deaths
748:841 births
742:Categories
344:Li Maozhen
283:Li Changfu
213:Huang Chao
92:chancellor
79:Background
69:Li Maozhen
57:chancellor
438:Guangdong
434:Zhanjiang
404:Xu Yanruo
355:Zhang Jun
267:Li Keyong
189:Qiju Lang
181:You Bujue
718:, vols.
696:vol. 177
680:vol. 260
629:vol. 259
604:vol. 258
588:vol. 257
569:vol. 256
544:vol. 172
536:Xiantong
506:vol. 164
489:vol. 177
383:Tianshui
371:Han Jian
295:Kong Wei
217:Xiao Gou
170:Hanzhong
158:Yangzhou
149:Chang'an
132:jiedushi
127:Wang Duo
119:Xianyang
95:Du Ruhui
73:Chang'an
49:jiedushi
16:In this
708:vol. 96
647:vol. 96
442:Du Xiao
430:Guangxi
379:Shaanxi
291:Shaanxi
279:Zhu Mei
271:Taiyuan
209:Chengdu
199:); and
174:Shaanxi
162:Jiangsu
137:Kaifeng
123:Shaanxi
426:Wuzhou
375:Weinan
311:Li Yun
275:Shanxi
252:eunuch
205:Bingbu
154:Liu Ye
20:, the
387:Gansu
340:Tejin
287:Baoji
141:Henan
41:Qunyi
197:Libu
732:259
728:258
724:257
720:256
247:).
191:);
24:is
744::
730:,
726:,
722:,
706:,
694:,
678:,
645:,
627:,
611:^
602:,
586:,
576:^
567:,
551:^
542:,
504:,
487:,
459:^
448:.
436:,
428:,
385:,
377:,
289:,
273:,
172:,
160:,
139:,
121:,
105:.
27:Du
734:.
710:.
698:.
682:.
649:.
631:.
606:.
590:.
571:.
546:.
508:.
491:.
30:.
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