2131:. Duluth, Minnesota, at its peak, had as many as 14 public saunas. Indeed, among Finnish farms in Great Lakes "sauna country", the cultural geographer Matti Kaups, found that 90% had sauna structures - more even than the farms in Finland. Elsewhere, sauna facilities are normally provided at health clubs and at hotels, but there is no tradition or ritual to their use. To avoid liability, many saunas operate at only moderate temperatures and do not allow pouring water on the rocks. A wider range of sauna etiquette is usually acceptable in the United States compared to other countries, with the exception that most mixed-sex saunas usually require some clothing such as a bathing suit to be worn. These are uncommon, however, as most saunas are either small private rooms or in the changing rooms of health clubs or gyms. There are few restrictions and their use is casual; bathers may enter and exit the sauna as they please, be it nude, with a towel, dripping wet in swimsuits or even in workout clothes (the latter being very unusual). Like many aspects of US culture, there are few prescribed conventions and the bather should remain astute to "read" the specific family or community's expectations. Besides the Finnish Americans, the older generation of Korean-Americans still uses the saunas as it is available to them. Sauna societies are beginning to emerge in colleges across America, with the first one being formed at
347:
724:
2055:, (also known as the Russian banya), as it is referred to among the locals, is similar in context to public bathhouses in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The banya is a large setting with many different rooms. There is at least one sauna (Finnish style), one cold pool of water, a relaxation area, another sauna where fellow-sauna goers beat other fellow-sauna goers with the leafy birch, a shower area, a small cafeteria with a TV and drinks, and a large common area that leads to the other areas. In this large area, there are marble bed-like structures where people lie down and receive a massage either by another sauna-member or by a designated masseur. In the resting area, there are also other bed-like structures made of marble or stone attached to the ground where people lie down to rest between different rounds of sauna or at the very end of their banya session. There is also a large public locker area where one keeps one's clothes as well as two other more private locker areas with individual doors that can lock these two separate locker rooms.
917:) is one of the earliest forms of the sauna. It is simply a room containing a pile of rocks, but without a chimney. A fire is lit directly under the rocks and after a while the fire is extinguished. The heat retained in the rocks, and the earlier fire, becomes the main source for heating the sauna. Following this process, the ashes and embers are removed from the hearth, the benches and floor are cleaned, and the room is allowed to air out and freshen for a period of time. The smoke deposits a layer of soot on every surface, so if the benches and back-rests can be removed while the fire is alight the amount of cleaning necessary is reduced. Depending on size of the stove and the airing time, the temperature may be low, about 60 °C (140 °F), while the humidity is relatively high. The tradition almost died out in Finland, but was revived by enthusiasts in the 1980s. These are still used in present-day Finland by some enthusiasts, but usually only on special occasions such as Christmas, New Year's, Easter, and
1917:) for that, either an employee of the sauna complex or a volunteer. Aufguss sessions can take up to 10 minutes, and take place according to a schedule. During an Aufguss session, the Saunameister uses a large towel to circulate the hot air through the sauna, intensifying sweating and the perception of heat. Once the Aufguss session has started it is not considered good manners to enter the sauna, as opening the door would cause loss of heat (Sauna guests are expected to enter the sauna just in time before the Aufguss. Leaving the session is allowed, and is advised when feeling too hot or otherwise uncomfortable). Aufguss sessions are usually announced by a schedule on the sauna door. An Aufguss session in progress might be indicated by a light or sign hung above the sauna entrance. Cold showers or baths shortly after a sauna, as well as exposure to fresh air in a special balcony, garden or open-air room (
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1980:, saunas have a long tradition and are often found as part of recreational facilities, as well as public swimming pools. Many people are regular goers, while many never go. Saunas became more popular after about the year 2000, when large aquaparks and wellness centers began to include them. Nudity is increasingly tolerated, and many places prohibit the use of swimsuits; however, most people cover themselves with a towel. Showers are typically semi-private. Having men and women only days was the norm in the past, but today, men-only facilities are rare, while women-only hours are sometimes provided.
1928:, customs are generally the same as in Germany and Austria, although you tend to see more families (parents with their children) and young people. Also in respect to socializing in the sauna the Swiss tend more to be like the Finns, Scandinavians or Russians. Also in German-speaking countries, there are many facilities for washing after using the sauna, with 'dunking pools' (pools of very cold water in which a person dips themselves after using the sauna) or showers. In some saunas and steam rooms, scented salts are given out which can be rubbed into the skin for extra aroma and cleaning effects.
1965:
1909:, most public swimming pool complexes have sauna areas; in these locales, nudity is the generally accepted rule, and benches are expected to be covered by people's towels. These rules are strictly enforced in some public saunas. Separate single-sex saunas for both genders are rare, most places offer women-only and mixed-gender saunas, or organize women-only days for the sauna once a week. Loud conversation is not usual as the sauna is seen as a place of healing rather than socializing. Contrary to Russia and Nordic countries, pouring water on hot stones to increase humidity (
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393:, where they fought on the same side. Saunas were so important to Finnish soldiers that they built them not only in mobile tents but even in bunkers. After the war, the German soldiers brought the custom back to Germany and Austria, where it became popular in the second half of the 20th century. The German sauna culture also became popular in neighbouring countries such as Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
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the surface of the skin. The heat produced by far-infrared saunas is generally lower, making it more tolerable for people who cannot withstand the high temperatures of traditional saunas. Infrared heat penetrates more deeply into fat and the neuromuscular system resulting in a more vigorous sweat at lower temperature than traditional saunas. These effects are favorable for the neuromuscular system to recover from maximal
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where it is then forced downwards. Consequently, the heat of fresh steam may sometimes be felt most strongly in the furthest corners of the sauna. Users increase the duration and the heat gradually over time as they adapt to the sauna. When pouring water onto the stove, it cools down the rocks, but carries more heat into the air via advection, making the sauna warmer.
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common. In Iran, unlike
Finland, sitting in a sauna is mostly seen as part of the spa/club culture, rather than a bathing ritual. It is most usually perceived as a means for relaxation or detoxification (through perspiration). Having a sauna room on private property is considered a luxury rather than a necessity. Public saunas are segregated and nudity is prohibited.
146:
1844:, single-gender saunas are the most common type. Nudity is expected in the segregated saunas but usually forbidden in the mixed saunas. Sauna sessions tend to be shorter, and cold showers are shunned by most. In the United Kingdom, where public saunas are becoming increasingly fashionable, the practice of alternating between the sauna and the
458:. In Finland, there are built-in saunas in almost every house, including communal saunas in the older apartment buildings; since the 80s, private saunas have often been built into the bathrooms of typical Finnish flats in apartment buildings, sometimes even in student housing. There are also a number of public saunas in Finland, including
1390:, saunas are found mainly in hotels, swimming pools, and health clubs and if used by both men and women, nudity is often forbidden, even if implicitly. In gyms or health clubs with separate male and female change rooms, nudity is permitted; however, members are usually asked to shower before using the sauna and to sit on a towel.
5050:." "At the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality". The following declaration was unanimously passed."
889:, smoke saunas, and steam saunas. There are two main types of stoves: continuous heating and heat storage type. Continuously heating stoves have a small heat capacity and can be heated up on a fast on-demand basis, whereas a heat storage stove has a large heat (stone) capacity and can take much longer to heat.
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believed saunas were inhabited by spirits. In folk tradition sauna was not only the place where one washed but also used as the place where brides were ceremoniously washed, where women gave birth and the place the dying made their final bed. The folk tradition related to the
Estonian sauna is mostly
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The sauna is an important part of daily life, and families bathe together in the home sauna. There are at least 2 million saunas in
Finland according to official registers. The Finnish Sauna Society believes the number can actually be as high as 3.2 million saunas (population 5.5 million). Many Finns
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shutter opened a soft warmth flow into the otherwise relatively cold (60 °C; 140 °F) sauna. This heat is soft and clean because, thanks to combustion, the stove stones glow red, even white-hot, and are freed of dust at the same time. When bathing the heat-storage sauna will become as hot as
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Far-infrared saunas utilize infrared light to generate heat. Unlike traditional saunas that heat the body indirectly through the air or by conduction from heated surfaces, far-infrared saunas use infrared panels or other methods like a sauna blanket that emit far-infrared light, which is absorbed by
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where the oldest known saunas were made from pits dug in a slope in the ground and primarily used as dwellings in winter. The sauna featured a fireplace where stones were heated to a high temperature. Water was thrown on the hot stones to produce steam and to give a sensation of increased heat. This
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A continuous fire stove, instead of stored heat, is a relatively recent invention. There is a firebox and a smokestack, and stones are placed in a compartment directly above the firebox. It takes a shorter time to heat than the heat-storage sauna, about one hour. A fire-heated sauna requires manual
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The smoke-sauna stove is also used with a sealed stone compartment and chimney (a heat storage-stove) which eliminates the smoke odour and eye irritation of the smoke sauna. A heat storage stove does not give up much heat in the sauna before bathing since the stone compartment has an insulated lid.
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The temperature on different parts of the body can be adjusted by shielding one's body with a towel. Shielding the face with a towel has been found to reduce the perception of heat. Some may wish to put an additional towel or a special cap over the head to avoid dryness. Few people can sit directly
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The heat is greatest closest to the stove. Heating from the air is lower on the lower benches as the hot air rises. The heat given by the steam can be very different in different parts of the sauna. As the steam rises directly upwards, it spreads across the roof and travels out towards the corners,
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Finer control over the perceived temperature can be achieved by choosing a higher-level bench for those wishing for a hotter experience, or a lower-level bench for a more moderate temperature. A good sauna has a relatively small temperature gradient between the various seating levels. Doors need to
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every now and then, or to leave some food outside for him. It is said that he warned the people if a fire was threatening the sauna or punished people who behaved improperly in it—for example, slept, or played games, argued, were generally noisy or behaved otherwise immorally there. Such creatures
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The most common modern sauna types are those with electric stoves. The stones are heated up and kept on temperature using electric heating elements. There is a thermostat and a timer (typically with eight hours' maximum delay time, followed by one hour's continuous heating time) on the stove. This
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Cooling down by immersing oneself in water (in a shower, lake or pool) is a part of the sauna cycle and is as important as the heating. However, it is advisable that healthy people and heart patients alike should take some precautions if plunging into very cold water straight after coming from the
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A modern sauna with an electric stove usually takes about 15–30 minutes to heat up. Some users prefer taking a shower beforehand to speed up perspiration in the sauna. When in the sauna, people often sit on a towel for hygiene and put a towel over their heads if the face feels too hot but the body
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see the sauna as part of a wider spa culture. Most commonly, mixed genders use the sauna together and wear swimsuits. Single-sex saunas are rare, as well as those which impose nudity although the practice is growing and a number of spas have a towel-only policy on designated days. The most common
1319:, public bathhouses were commonplace in Japan, the number of customers have dwindled as more people were able to afford houses and apartments equipped with their own private baths as the nation became wealthier. As a result, many sentōs have added more features such as saunas in order to survive.
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islands of
Scotland have many ancient stone structures for normal habitation, some of which incorporate areas for fire and bathing. It is possible some of these structures also incorporated the use of steam in a way similar to the sauna, but this is a matter of speculation. The sites are from the
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Although cultures in all corners of the world have imported and adapted the sauna, many of the traditional customs have not survived the journey. Today, public perception of saunas, sauna "etiquette" and sauna customs vary hugely from country to country. In many countries sauna going is a recent
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is the result of autonomic responses trying to cool the body. Users are advised to leave the sauna if the heat becomes unbearable, or if they feel faint or ill. Some saunas have a thermostat to adjust the temperature, but the owner of the sauna and the other bathers expect to be consulted before
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Saunas in the UK have until recently been afterthoughts in hotel spas or places where getting steamy had another, seedier connotation. But after Liz Watson and Katie
Bracher created a pop-up Finnish-style sauna on Brighton beach using a converted horse box in 2018, a wave of mobile or permanent
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The third type of sauna is one that is rented by a group of friends. It is similar to the public banya bath house type, except that it is usually more modern and luxurious, and is often rented by groups of friends by the hour for the use of partying and socialising. Here it can be single-sex or
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saunas are found in many places, and are known as 'badstu' or 'bastu' (from 'badstuga' "bath cabin, bath house"). In Norway and Sweden, saunas are common in almost every public swimming pool and gym. The public saunas are generally single-sex and may or may not permit use of swimwear. Rules for
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as سونای خشک "dry sauna" and سونای بخار "steam sauna", with the dry type customarily boasting a higher temperature. A cold-water pool (and/or more recently a cold
Jacuzzi) is almost always accompanied and towels are usually provided. Adding therapeutic or relaxing essential oils to the rocks is
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In Africa, the majority of sauna facilities are found in a more upmarket hotel, spa and health club environments and predominantly share both sauna heater technology and design concepts as applied in Europe. Even though outdoor temperatures remain warmer and more humid, this does not affect the
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even when water is thrown on the hot stones and vaporized. Thus, they remain dry. In contrast, the sauna bathers are at about 60–80 °C (140–176 °F), which is below the dew point, so that water is condensed on the bathers' skin. This process releases heat and makes the steam feel hot.
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The second type of sauna is the
Finnish sauna type one can find in any gym throughout the world or a hotel. It could be in the locker room or mixed (i. e. male and female together). Attitudes towards nudity are very liberal and people are less self-conscious about their nude bodies.
759:; and that risk reduction increases with duration and frequency of use; this reduction is more pronounced when sauna bathing is combined with exercise, compared with either of these practices alone. Tentative evidence supports that the heat stress from saunas is associated with reduced
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The contemporary Baltic sauna is similar to others in the north-eastern part of Europe: it varies according to personal preference, but is typically around 55–70 °C (131–158 °F), humidity 60–90%, with steam being generated by pouring water on the hot stones. Traditionally,
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in front of the stove without feeling too hot from the radiant heat, but this may not be reflected in their overall body temperature. As the person's body is often the coolest object in a sauna room, steam will condense into water on the skin; this can be confused with perspiration.
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changes are made. The sauna stove and rocks are very hot—one must stay well clear of them to avoid burns, particularly when water is thrown on the rocks, which creates an immediate blast of steam. Combustibles on, or near the stove have been known to cause fires.
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age, dating to approximately 4000 B.C.E. Archaeological sites in
Greenland and Newfoundland have uncovered structures very similar to traditional Scandinavian farm saunas, some with bathing platforms and "enormous quantities of badly scorched stones".
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saunas have relatively low humidity levels in which steam is generated by pouring water on the hot stones. This allows air temperatures that could evaporate water to be tolerated and even enjoyed for longer periods of time. Steam baths, such as the
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Under many circumstances, temperatures approaching and exceeding 100 °C (212 °F) would be completely intolerable and possibly fatal to a person exposed to them for long periods of time. Saunas overcome this problem by controlling the
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Conceição, Lino Sergio Rocha; Queiroz, Jessica Gonçalves de; Neto, Mansueto Gomes; Martins-Filho, Paulo
Ricardo Saquete; Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira (1 March 2018). "Effect of Waon Therapy in Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review".
373:. As the Finns migrated to other areas of the globe, they brought their sauna designs and traditions with them. This led to a further evolution of the sauna, including the electric sauna stove, which was introduced in 1938 by Metos Ltd in
2253:, women spend hours in a makeshift sauna tent during a month following childbirth. The steam is typically infused with several herbs. It is believed that the sauna helps the new mother's body return to its normal condition more quickly.
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on their skin as a beauty treatment. The sauna is always heated by wood fire and herbs are added either directly to the boiling water or steam jet in the room. The sitting lounge is mix gender but the steam rooms are gender separated.
1810:, both in major cities and in smaller municipalities, mixed-gender nudity is the generally accepted rule. Some saunas might offer women-only (or "bathing suit only") times for people who are less comfortable with mixed-gender nudity;
538:. In some spa centers, there are the so-called special "snow rooms," also known as cold saunas or cryotherapy. Operating at a temperature of −110 °C (−166 °F), the user is in the sauna for a period of only about 3 minutes.
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is strictly connected to the sauna. It can be translated as "sauna steam" and refers to the steam vapour created by splashing water on the heated rocks. In many languages related to
Finnish, there is a word corresponding to
3943:; Thipse, Madhura; Mahdi, Maleka Ben; Azad, Sharlin; Davies, Ross; Ruel, Marc; Silver, Marc A.; Hakami, Lale; Mesana, Thierry; Leenen, Frans; Mussivand, Tofy (2020). "Can heat therapy help patients with heart failure?".
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s in the colony New Sweden around the Delaware River. The Swedish governor at the time had a bathhouse on Tinicum Island. Today sauna culture enjoys its greatest popularity in the Lake Superior Region, specifically the
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should use sauna cautiously to reduce the risk of a drop in blood pressure. In people with cardiovascular disease, sauna usage is generally safe, as long as their condition is stable. However, sauna bathing is
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hot room, as the rapid cooling of the body produces considerable circulatory stress. It is considered good practice to take a few moments after exiting a sauna before entering a cold plunge, and to enter a
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The sauna became very popular especially in Scandinavia and the German-speaking regions of Europe after the Second World War. German soldiers had experienced Finnish saunas during their fight against the
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traditional ceremonial cultures, is a location for a spiritual ceremony. The focus is on the ceremony, and the sweating is only secondary. Unlike sauna traditions, and most forcefully in the case of the
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take at least one a week, and much more when they visit their summer cottage in the countryside. Here the pattern of life tends to revolve around the sauna, and a nearby lake used for cooling off.
222:) is a room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities. The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire. A
1956:) and have additional services, for example a cold plunge pool, resting areas, jacuzzi, showers and crushed ice bucket. Aufguss sessions, led by a qualified sauna master, are becoming popular.
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979:. The upper part of the stove is often insulated with rock wool and firebricks. Heat-storing stoves are also found with electric heating, with similar service but no need to maintain a fire.
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561:, which also holds 150 people but is more spacious. However, in Czeladz, south Poland, there is now a sauna for 300 people, sporting light shows, theatre and needing several sauna masters.
1338:. The word "sauna" is used a lot for its 'English appeal'; however, it does not strictly refer to the original Fennoscandian steam rooms that have become popular throughout the world. The
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and by the end of the 16th century, the city already had 60 of them with a countless number of private ones. In Latvian lands, bathhouses became particularly popular in the 19th century.
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There has been widespread research into the health benefits and risks that come from sauna usage; most studies have focused on the Finnish sauna specifically. Sauna bathing leads to mild
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traditions that consisted of having steam bath sessions followed by cold water baths. Pedra Formosa is the original name given to the central piece of the steam bath in pre-Roman times.
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Today there are a wide variety of sauna options. Heat sources include wood, electricity, gas and other more unconventional methods such as solar power. There are wet saunas, dry saunas,
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swimwear and towels for sitting on or covering yourself differ between saunas. Removing body hair in the sauna, staring at other's nudity or spreading odors is considered impolite.
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described various rituals the Baltic people practiced in sauna. For example, sauna was a primary place for women to give birth and rites would be performed for the Baltic goddess
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and cognates do not necessarily mean a building or space built for bathing. It can also mean a small cabin or cottage, such as a cabin for a fisherman. The word is the best known
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that was believed to live in the sauna. He was always treated with respect, otherwise, he might cause much trouble for people. It was customary to warm up the sauna just for the
1695:. Dry air sauna of 80–110 °C (176–230 °F) and very low humidity became popular relatively recently; despite being a misconception, it is sometimes locally described as
297:, to treat sick poor people; these clinics maintained separate facilities for men and women due to high demand. Korean sauna culture and kiln saunas are still popular today, and
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hat" may be worn to shield the head from the heat; this allows the wearer to increase the heat on the rest of the body. The temperature of one's bath can be controlled via:
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A cultural legacy of Eastern European Jews in America is the culture of 'shvitz', which used to be widespread in the East Coast and occasionally in the Pacific West Coast.
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2959:"Sauna, sweat and science - Quantifying the proportion of condensation water versus sweat using a stable water isotope ((2)H/(1)H and (18)O/(16)O) tracer experiment"
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In modern Russia, there are three different types of saunas. The first one, previously very popular especially during the 20th century, is the public sauna or the
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identical to that surrounding the Finnish sauna. On New Year's Eve, a sauna would be held before midnight to cleanse the body and spirit for the upcoming year.
2213:, which both mean "soul", referring to the sauna's old, spiritual essence. The same dual meaning of both "spirit" and "(sauna) steam" is also preserved in the
1952:). In many larger spas, you can find a separate sauna section that can only be used with a separate entrance ticket. These units are often called sauna world (
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Saunas in the state, part of a tradition with roots in the 1800s, have been especially popular since the pandemic as more people seek a communal experience.
3745:"Combined Effect of Sauna Bathing and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Deaths in Caucasian Men: A Long-term Prospective Cohort Study"
377:. Although sauna culture is more or less related to Finnish and Estonian culture, the evolution of the sauna took place around the same time in Finland and
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487:, where the humidity approaches 100%, will be set to a much lower temperature of around 50 °C (122 °F) to compensate. The "wet heat" would cause
4243:"Heat stress and fetal risk. Environmental limits for exercise and passive heat stress during pregnancy: a systematic review with best evidence synthesis"
586:
1295:, most gyms, hotels and almost all public swimming pools have indoor saunas. It is very common for swimming pools to have two saunas which are known in
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saunas have appeared, mostly at the seaside or beside lakes. There are more than 100 around the UK and Ireland, according to the British Sauna Society
369:, with a chimney. Air temperatures averaged around 75–100 °C (167–212 °F) but sometimes exceeded 110 °C (230 °F) in a traditional
1315:). The saunas are almost always gender separated, often required by law, and nudity is a required part of proper sauna etiquette. While right after
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or a lake by stepping into it gradually, rather than immediately immersing oneself fully. In summer, a session is often started with a cool shower.
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2158:, the sweat lodge ceremonies have been robustly defended as an exclusively Native expression of spirituality rather than a recreational activity.
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Buguet A (2007). "Sleep under extreme environments: Effects of heat and cold exposure, altitude, hyperbaric pressure and microgravity in space".
699:. Some public pools, major sports centers and resorts also contain a sauna. Therapeutic sauna sessions are often carried out in conjunction with
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Pizzey, Faith K.; Smith, Emily C.; Ruediger, Stefanie L.; Keating, Shelley E.; Askew, Christopher D.; Coombes, Jeff S.; Bailey, Tom G. (2021).
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Sauna traditions in Estonia are almost identical to Finland as saunas have traditionally held a central role in the life of an individual.
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a continuous fire-type sauna (80–110 °C; 176–230 °F) but more humid. The stones are usually durable heatproof and heat-retaining
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Simmons SE, Mündel T, Jones DA (September 2008). "The effects of passive heating and head-cooling on perception of exercise in the heat".
771:. These benefits are more pronounced in persons with low cardiovascular function. Evidence exists for the benefit of sauna on people with
470:. Unlike many other countries, Finnish people usually prefer to be naked instead of wearing a swimsuit, towel, or other kind of clothing.
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dry out in the heat. Jewelry or anything metallic, including glasses, will get hot in the sauna and can cause discomfort or burning.
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775:. Frequent Finnish-style sauna usage (4-7 times per week) is associated with a decreased risk of neurovascular diseases, including
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general application or intended sauna experience offered within these commercial environments offering a traditional sauna and or
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sauna-going plays a central social role. These countries also have the tradition of massaging fellow sauna-goers with leafy, wet
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1361:, is very popular especially with women and is available in every village. Many women apply yogurt or a paste blend based on
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Pregnant women can use saunas as long as their core temperature does not exceed 39.0 °C (102.2 °F), as this may be
4890:
Garcia Quintela, Marco (February 2015). "Iron Age Saunas of Northern Portugal: State of the Art and Research Perspectives".
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1913:, lit: "Onpouring") is not normally done by the sauna visitors themselves; larger sauna areas have a person in charge (the
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positioning: the higher benches are hotter, whereas the lower benches are cooler. Children often sit on the lower benches.
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Mozaffarieh, Maneli; Flammer, Josef (2007). "A novel perspective on natural therapeutic approaches in glaucoma therapy".
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Bender T, Nagy G, Barna I, Tefner I, Kádas E, Géher P (2007). "The effect of physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels".
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Nordskog, M., Hautala, A (2010)The Opposite of Cold-The Northwoods Finnish Sauna Tradition; University of Minnesota Press
2146:
3117:"The effects of face cooling on the prolactin response and subjective comfort during moderate passive heating in humans"
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There is a fast growing new British sauna culture consisting mainly of 'wild' outdoor spas, popping up all over the UK.
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859:. A one-year study in Finland showed that only 67 (2.6%) of sudden deaths in saunas were non-accidental, mostly due to
331:; "smoke sauna". These differed from present-day saunas in that they were operated by heating a pile of rocks called a
3797:"The effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and peripheral vascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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was touted for its health benefits and used to treat illnesses. In the early 15th century, Buddhist monks maintained
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are believed to exist in different cultures. The Russian banya has an entirely corresponding character called a
2221:. There is an old Finnish saying, "saunassa ollaan kuin kirkossa",—one should behave in the sauna as in church.
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2044:
or, in the absence of lake, just to roll around in the snow naked and then go back inside. Russian traditional
1725:
1584:
1520:
658:
the amount of water thrown on the stove: this increases humidity, so that sauna bathers perspire more copiously
70:
1270:
fashion and attitudes towards saunas are changing, while in others traditions have survived over generations.
567:
304:
6914:
5595:
4765:[Bathing wisdom: how to strengthen your body in the sauna yourself, increase your beauty and relax].
4548:
822:
Sauna bathing coupled with alcohol consumption or dehydration increases the risk of sudden death; the use of
343:- you can see similarities with Finnish word). A properly heated "savusauna" yields heat for up to 12 hours.
92:
31:
3031:
2353:
Minna Hannuksela and Samer Ellahham state the opposite, namely that sauna bathing does not affect fertility.
327:
so high that people could take off their clothes. The first Finnish saunas were always of a type now called
6643:
5182:
335:
by burning large amounts of wood for about 6 to 8 hours and then letting out the smoke before enjoying the
278:
4584:
1346:(사우나) usually refers to bathhouses with Jacuzzis, hot tubs, showers, steam rooms, and related facilities.
1013:
Fire-heated saunas are common in cottages, where the extra work of maintaining the fire is not a problem.
799:
people and improvement of appetite loss present with normal body weight is achievable with sauna bathing.
6899:
6894:
6889:
6473:
5643:
5362:
2112:
2048:
is quite similar to Finnish sauna, despite the popular misconception that the Finnish sauna is very dry.
1925:
1588:
1326:, saunas are essentially public bathhouses. Various names are used to describe them, such as the smaller
1069:
Many cultures have sweat baths, though some have more spiritual uses while others are purely secular. In
339:, a Finnish term meaning, collectively, both the steam and the heat of a sauna (same term in Estonian is
4431:"Effects of far-infrared sauna bathing on recovery from strength and endurance training sessions in men"
3165:
2613:
806:
is insufficient, but the frequency of sauna sessions is correlated with a diminished risk of developing
6763:
5578:
5563:
2530:
99:
935:
755:
There is evidence that long-term exposure to Finnish-style sauna is correlated with a reduced risk of
6316:
5377:
5111:
4392:
3769:
3655:
2333:
2132:
1612:
1580:
17:
1508:
617:
6655:
6581:
6453:
6095:
5475:
5204:
1817:
1572:
784:
4965:
3743:
Laukkanen, Jari A.; Laukkanen, Tanjaniina; Khan, Hassan; Babar, Maira; Kunutsor, Setor K. (2018).
2821:
81:
6039:
5279:
5145:
5138:
4388:"Far-infrared saunas for treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: summary of published evidence"
3694:
2150:
1862:, prior to the arrival of the Romans in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. The historian
1624:
1425:
typically between 70 and 100 °C (158 and 212 °F). This induces relaxation and promotes
1221:
1141:
1101:
1010:
labor in the form of maintaining the fire during bathing; the fire can also be seen as a hazard.
462:, a sauna located in Tampere, that was first established in 1906 by Hermanni and Maria Lahtinen.
59:
3844:
Li, Zhongyou; Jiang, Wentao; Chen, Yu; Wang, Guanshi; Yan, Fei; Zeng, Tao; Fan, Haidong (2021).
2559:
6924:
6660:
5600:
5573:
5292:
4241:
Ravanelli, Nicholas; Casasola, William; English, Timothy; Edwards, Kate M.; Jay, Ollie (2019).
2701:
2677:
1964:
1484:
1421:
A sauna session can be a social affair in which the participants disrobe and sit or recline in
860:
843:
776:
768:
542:
494:
In a typical Finnish sauna, the temperature of the air, the room and the benches are above the
66:
35:
3846:"Acute and short-term efficacy of sauna treatment on cardiovascular function: A meta-analysis"
2782:
2475:
6596:
6400:
6375:
5941:
5835:
5605:
5427:
4126:
2391:
2328:
1496:
381:
countries; they all have valued the sauna, its customs and traditions until the present day.
362:
2040:
baths are strictly single-sex. During wintertime, sauna-goers often run outdoors for either
6665:
6441:
6171:
6024:
5673:
5550:
5314:
5214:
5071:
4082:
2303:
950:
839:
756:
324:
4789:
3845:
3704:. Advances in the Risk Stratification, Prevention, and Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death.
2408:
503:
be kept closed and used quickly to maintain the temperature and to keep the steam inside.
8:
6638:
6446:
5620:
5525:
4483:"Lehdistötiedote: Suomalainen saunominen halutaan Unescon kulttuuriperinnön luetteloihin"
1664:
1545:
831:
792:
783:, relative to those individuals who used sauna once per week. Individuals suffering from
530:
center and gyms include sauna facilities. They may also be present at public and private
5347:
4939:
4086:
2503:
6571:
6426:
6284:
6085:
5725:
5668:
5625:
5610:
5540:
5535:
5342:
5194:
5133:
5047:
4970:
4870:
4459:
4430:
4406:
4387:
4339:
4272:
4218:
4185:
4163:
4106:
4094:
4055:
3968:
3917:
3892:
3826:
3725:
3668:
3596:
3538:
3484:
3449:
3430:
3335:
3238:
3097:
2036:(Russian: Баня) is widely used also when referring to a public bath. In Russia, public
1687:
are used too. Sauna enthusiasts also make twigs from other trees and plants, including
1032:
764:
741:
715:
3891:
Källström M, Soveri I, Oldgren J, Laukkanen J, Ichiki T, et al. (November 2018).
3377:
873:
One study has found that genital heat stress from frequent sauna sessions could cause
838:
all serve as reasons to decrease the duration of sauna sessions. Individuals prone to
6463:
6370:
6176:
5695:
5304:
5252:
5101:
4651:
4464:
4411:
4343:
4331:
4323:
4264:
4223:
4205:
4155:
4147:
4098:
4047:
4039:
4004:
3972:
3960:
3922:
3873:
3865:
3830:
3818:
3774:
3729:
3717:
3660:
3629:"Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing: A Review of the Evidence"
3588:
3567:"Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing"
3542:
3530:
3489:
3471:
3434:
3422:
3381:
3327:
3292:
3265:
3230:
3138:
3089:
2937:
2872:
2723:
2653:
2194:
1448:
1123:
467:
218:
30:
This article is about a small room or house. For a Finnish metal music festival, see
4763:"Pēršanās gudrības: Kā pirtī pašam stiprināt miesu, vairot skaistumu un relaksēties"
4110:
3672:
3600:
3361:
3242:
2770:"Smoke sauna tradition in Võrumaa added to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List"
1608:
791:. It also is associated with a reduced risk and symptom relief from the symptoms of
422:
word referring to both the traditional Finnish bath and to the bathhouse itself. In
6919:
6716:
6488:
6203:
5956:
5658:
5615:
5372:
5118:
4821:
4454:
4444:
4401:
4313:
4303:
4276:
4254:
4213:
4197:
4167:
4139:
4090:
4059:
4031:
4000:
3996:
3952:
3912:
3904:
3857:
3808:
3764:
3756:
3709:
3650:
3640:
3578:
3520:
3479:
3461:
3412:
3373:
3339:
3319:
3222:
3133:
3128:
3116:
3101:
3081:
2214:
2190:
2128:
1812:
1672:
1555:
1471:
1434:
1296:
1118:
874:
459:
423:
419:
390:
282:
209:
163:
106:
3571:
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
6801:
6458:
6199:
6166:
6152:
6066:
5966:
5847:
5690:
5387:
5337:
5123:
5064:
4846:"'It lowers inhibition': how saunas are challenging UK pubs as the place to meet"
4259:
4242:
3645:
3628:
2867:
2283:
2232:
2207:
2202:
2088:
1841:
1532:
1161:
1153:
1054:
925:). Smoke saunas are popular in the southern Estonia and smoke sauna tradition in
856:
852:
848:
641:
455:
354:
3525:
3508:
3417:
3400:
6909:
6884:
6789:
6777:
6750:
6608:
6468:
6289:
6157:
6105:
6071:
6059:
6054:
5925:
5920:
5590:
5530:
5150:
4608:
4143:
3893:"Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
3760:
3713:
3695:"Is sauna bathing protective of sudden cardiac death? A review of the evidence"
3583:
3566:
3187:
2379:
2374:
2092:
1973:
1859:
1837:
1652:
1576:
1308:
886:
760:
749:
633:
511:
231:
5710:
4546:[Latvian bathhouse traditions are learnt in the festival of bathers].
4449:
4035:
3323:
3226:
3085:
1632:
1397:
culture, which shares many similarities with its Finnish counterpart (mökki).
787:
could have symptomatic improvement from sauna, and it could be beneficial for
6878:
6478:
6395:
6335:
6247:
6218:
5890:
5852:
5806:
5718:
5700:
5663:
5648:
5585:
5510:
5400:
5297:
5287:
5227:
5222:
5160:
4509:
4327:
4209:
4151:
4043:
3869:
3861:
3475:
2876:
2268:
2174:
2103:
2032:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1620:
1416:
1179:
1132:
1049:
803:
772:
700:
651:
578:
531:
507:
378:
370:
235:
150:
3744:
2958:
2200:. Originally this word meant "spirit" or "life", as in e. g. Hungarian
1768:
1604:
695:
In some countries the closest and most convenient access to a sauna is at a
273:, is a domed structure constructed of stone that was first mentioned in the
6628:
6498:
6385:
6380:
6350:
6330:
6223:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6162:
6114:
6109:
6004:
5864:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5422:
5352:
5319:
4850:
4468:
4415:
4335:
4268:
4201:
4159:
4051:
4008:
3964:
3926:
3877:
3822:
3778:
3721:
3664:
3592:
3534:
3493:
3466:
3385:
3331:
3234:
3142:
3093:
3048:
3046:
3044:
2439:
2166:
2041:
1878:
1455:), to slap the skin and create further stimulation of the pores and cells.
1358:
1316:
1280:
1191:
1096:
1070:
704:
677:
672:
545:, the world's largest sauna is the Koi Sauna in the Thermen & Badewelt
523:
386:
4227:
4102:
3296:
3269:
2643:
1828:
1816:
reported in 2008 that women-only, bathing suit-required times are drawing
1043:
246:
6721:
6706:
6518:
6355:
6271:
6262:
6242:
6213:
6147:
5818:
5811:
5796:
5781:
5776:
5766:
5753:
5568:
5417:
5172:
3426:
2649:
2396:
2142:
1902:
1867:
1803:
1422:
1335:
1216:
1149:
1062:
902:
867:
737:
689:
365:, the sauna evolved to use a wood-burning metal stove with rocks on top,
298:
269:
223:
5010:
4689:
4127:"Clinical Implications of Thermal Therapy in Lifestyle-Related Diseases"
3041:
2083:
549:, Germany. It measures 166 square meters, holds 150 people and sports a
6848:
6731:
6701:
6633:
6523:
6436:
6405:
6390:
6340:
6309:
5976:
5961:
5791:
5771:
5761:
5653:
5558:
5412:
5395:
5357:
5269:
5242:
5199:
5177:
2318:
2288:
1936:
1899:
1644:
1600:
1439:
1367:
1327:
1110:
976:
309:
227:
6831:
4999:. Duluth, Minnesota: The Finnish Daily Publishing Company. p. 39.
4318:
4308:
4291:
4124:
Biro, Sadatoshi; Masuda, Akinori; Kihara, Takashi; Tei, Chuwa (2003).
3956:
3908:
3627:
Laukkanen, Jari A.; Laukkanen, Tanjaniina; Kunutsor, Setor K. (2018).
2263:
1716:
926:
414:
401:
6865:
6538:
6483:
6421:
6325:
6227:
6137:
6080:
6019:
5992:
5951:
5823:
5309:
5259:
5237:
3940:
3813:
3796:
2313:
2120:
2116:
1636:
1383:
1225:
922:
811:
807:
554:
495:
431:
260:
3450:"Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review"
1823:
1564:. Both countries have long bathhouse traditions, dating back to the
48:
6696:
6691:
6650:
6613:
6603:
6513:
6320:
6299:
6276:
6252:
6237:
6127:
5983:
5971:
5885:
5840:
5329:
5264:
5247:
4606:[Lithuanian or Russian sauna? What does the history say?].
2308:
2293:
2250:
2106:, the earliest saunas that arrived with the colonists were Swedish
1977:
1906:
1883:
1807:
1712:
1362:
1339:
1136:
1127:
835:
823:
788:
546:
488:
475:
466:
even has a sauna built into one of the gondolas of a ferris wheel,
463:
398:
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
4997:
Americanization of the Finnish People in Houghton County, Michigan
4738:[The whole truth about the sauna and its queen the twig].
2127:, which are home to large populations of Swedish and particularly
1312:
1210:
929:
was added into UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2014.
6552:
6542:
6533:
6528:
6360:
6345:
6304:
6294:
6132:
6090:
6014:
5946:
5915:
5897:
5869:
5801:
5232:
5167:
5128:
3985:
3008:
2323:
2278:
2273:
1895:
1891:
1845:
1692:
1648:
1640:
1596:
1475:
1394:
1168:
1105:
1075:
827:
608:
535:
479:
319:
4186:"The Health Hazards of Saunas and Spas and How to Minimize Them"
2071:
442:
6675:
6547:
6232:
6208:
6181:
6142:
6076:
6034:
5997:
5987:
5910:
5903:
5859:
5786:
5087:
4966:"Sweating Buckets, and Loving It: Minnesotans and Their Saunas"
4576:
4428:
4240:
3890:
2862:"Finland launches rival to the London Eye – with a sauna cabin"
2237:
2017:
1863:
1781:
1777:
1688:
1387:
1235:
1199:
1184:
1175:
1088:
780:
645:
A small pool for cooling down; usually filled with cold water
593:
574:
558:
519:
484:
255:
1599:
river. The chronicle also mentions the year 1215 baths of the
707:; these are gentle exercises that do not exacerbate symptoms.
234:
is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the
6807:
6618:
6586:
6576:
6556:
6431:
6122:
6049:
6044:
5828:
5745:
2834:
2298:
2228:
2155:
2030:(веник) in Russian. In Russian-speaking communities the word
2026:
2021:
1743:
Lithuanian sauna with the mythological decorations of witches
1684:
1660:
1628:
1616:
1565:
1430:
1426:
1331:
1323:
1304:
1230:
1206:
796:
527:
515:
374:
190:
172:
5048:
Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality
1104:(which uses only hot dry air). In the Americas there is the
6726:
6711:
6670:
6623:
6591:
6566:
6561:
6508:
6029:
6009:
5741:
5015:
4358:
3742:
2124:
2076:
1592:
1350:
1292:
1092:
454:
The sauna known in the western world today originates from
196:
178:
4719:
Latvijas Enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca, Nacionālais Apgāds, 2002
3794:
3626:
2681:(republished online by Saskatchewan Gen Web Julia Adamson)
534:. As an additional facility, a sauna may have one or more
145:
5056:
3399:
Patrick, Rhonda P; Johnson, Teresa L. (15 October 2021).
1680:
696:
550:
3509:"Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan"
3401:"Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan"
1940:
types of saunas are the very hot and dry Finnish sauna (
1755:
Latvian bathhouse with a pond built in 1862 in Kurzeme,
1393:
In Canada, saunas have increasingly become a fixture of
1022:
type of heating is generally used only in urban saunas.
830:, also increases the risk. Being severely obese, having
4959:
4957:
3158:"Sauna Health Benefits: Are saunas healthy or harmful?"
1858:
In Portugal, the steam baths were commonly used by the
553:
aquarium. The title may now belong to Cape East Spa in
226:
in a sauna is typically used to measure temperature; a
4544:"Latvijas pirts tradīcijas apgūst pirtnieku festivālā"
4538:
4536:
4429:
Mero A, Tornberg J, Mäntykoski M, Puurtinen R (2015).
2720:
Nackt; Kulturgeschichte eines Tabus im 20. Jahrhundert
6761:
3454:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
3309:
3114:
193:
187:
175:
169:
4954:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4073:
Kauppinen K (1997). "Facts and fables about sauna".
3359:
2504:"Jjimjilbang: a microcosm of Korean leisure culture"
2066:
748:, promoting longevity as well as protection against
230:
can be used to measure levels of humidity or steam.
4631:
4629:
4627:
4579:[The antiquity of Lithuanian steam baths].
4533:
4123:
2981:"Ready for your -110° spa treatment? - Macleans.ca"
2457:
2455:
2453:
2227:, literally translated as "sauna elf", is a little
184:
166:
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4715:
4713:
4125:
4021:
3565:Heinonen, Ilkka; Laukkanen, Jari A. (1 May 2018).
3071:
2860:
2189:. The same approximate meaning is used across the
2115:, especially the Keweenaw Peninsula, and parts of
404:" in 2014 and "Sauna culture in Finland" in 2020.
4604:"Lietuviška ar rusiška pirtis? Ką sako istorija?"
4564:
3939:
3692:
3564:
1824:United Kingdom, Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe
1631:. At that time, sauna traditions were similar in
1591:describes a bathhouse built around 1196 near the
1307:, many saunas exist at sports centers and public
1038:
6876:
4684:
4682:
4624:
2450:
1549:
802:Evidence for the use of sauna for depression or
5740:
4889:
4710:
4381:
4379:
4292:"Do lifestyle practices impede male fertility?"
3843:
3693:Laukkanen, Jari A.; Kunutsor, Setor K. (2019).
3507:Patrick, Rhonda P.; Johnson, Teresa L. (2021).
3115:Mündel T, Hooper PL, Bunn SJ, Jones DA (2006).
1140:; in Canada and the United States, a number of
4936:"Moscow's bathhouses: how to enjoy your sauna"
4910:"Bei zu heißem Aufguss Sauna lieber verlassen"
4736:"Visa tiesa apie pirtį ir jos karalienę vantą"
4289:
3506:
3398:
2900:
2898:
2765:
2763:
1959:
5726:
5072:
5029:
5023:
4733:
4679:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3360:L Hannuksela, Minna; Ellahham, Samer (2001).
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3282:
2161:
1559:
400:under two entries: "Smoke sauna tradition in
353:. Illustration of a Finnish sauna in 1804 by
4837:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4422:
4376:
4290:Leisegang, Kristian; Dutta, Sulagna (2021).
3447:
2963:Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies
2722:; Christian Brandstätter Verlag; Wien 2004;
2671:
2669:
2637:
2635:
2560:"Kiln Saunas Make a Comeback in South Korea"
1873:
1647:as well as some West Slavic lands. In 1536,
1478:, the oldest working public sauna in Finland
731:
314:in the middle of the 20th century in Finland
4072:
4066:
2895:
2760:
5733:
5719:
5079:
5065:
4814:
4075:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
3850:European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
3679:
3607:
3549:
3346:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2614:"New Finland Sauna / New Finlandin saunat"
1832:Pedra formosa-lusitanian sauna front stone
1757:The Ethnographic Open-Air Museum of Latvia
767:, and therefore also decrease the risk of
637:Interior of a modern home sauna in Finland
5036:, Indian Country Today Media Network, LLC
4722:
4591:
4458:
4448:
4405:
4317:
4307:
4258:
4217:
3916:
3812:
3790:
3788:
3770:1983/31d2942a-5b17-420b-bd28-b5a35e6a0659
3768:
3656:1983/875f218f-f6a3-46e8-bdbc-ea005e174ab9
3654:
3644:
3582:
3524:
3483:
3465:
3416:
3132:
2907:"Good Clean Fun: Finland's Steamy Saunas"
2666:
2632:
1788:
1252:Countries that visit the sauna naked are
1174:(almost identical to the Finnish sauna),
1148:cultures have various kinds of spiritual
817:
491:if the temperature were set much higher.
396:Sauna culture has been registered in the
267:The traditional Korean sauna, called the
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
5030:Looking Horse, Arvol (16 October 2009),
4635:
4507:
4385:
4179:
4177:
3212:
3019:
3017:
2557:
2436:"Bronze age 'sauna' unearthed on Orkney"
2165:
2082:
2070:
1995:
1987:
1963:
1877:
1827:
1767:
1611:. These baths are also mentioned in the
1042:
1004:
722:
714:
640:
632:
441:
345:
303:
245:
238:organizations, infrared is not a sauna.
144:
5046:Mesteth, Wilmer, et al (10 June 1993) "
5040:
4963:
4787:
2931:
2707:
2607:
2605:
2433:
1615:. Sauna had a considerable role in the
1539:
1377:
1016:
999:
970:When the sauna bath is started and the
14:
6877:
4843:
4760:
4667:from the original on 30 September 2023
4356:
3785:
3255:
3155:
3052:
2858:
2641:
1410:
1117:
1047:Depiction in the mid-1920s of a rural
1025:
650:feels comfortable. In Russia, a felt "
5714:
5060:
4994:
4964:Londoño, Ernesto (17 February 2024).
4817:"Moslima's ontdekken badkledingsauna"
4815:Langendoen, Claudia (10 March 2008).
4734:Prascevičienė, Rasa (22 April 2010).
4183:
4174:
3362:"Benefits and risks of sauna bathing"
3014:
2733:
2469:
2467:
2434:Gillett, Karrie (29 September 2015).
964:
661:the length of one's stay in the sauna
217:
208:
6814:
5107:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
4788:Ribbing, Magdalena (18 March 2016).
3751:. Update in Vascular Medicine 2018.
3215:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
3055:"Bare facts of the sauna in Finland"
2956:
2904:
2883:from the original on 12 January 2022
2739:
2675:
2611:
2602:
2409:"Don't Call it Sauna – Sauna Digest"
1763:
1405:
892:
71:adding citations to reliable sources
42:
4587:from the original on 20 March 2023.
3749:Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
3702:Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
2473:
1571:The 13th century bathhouses in the
1245:
24:
4583:(in Lithuanian). 10 January 2010.
4577:"Lietuviškų garinių pirčių senovė"
4247:British Journal of Sports Medicine
4095:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51764.x
3448:Hussain, Joy; Cohen, Marc (2018).
2742:"Saunakultur und Bekleidungsfrage"
2678:"New Finland Homecoming 1888–1988"
2612:Maki, Albert (20 September 2010).
2464:
1651:gained a royal privilege to build
1087:), traits of which survive in the
994:type sauna stove stone compartment
281:in the 15th century. Supported by
25:
6936:
4695:Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia
4190:American Journal of Public Health
4132:Experimental Biology and Medicine
2905:Holt, Kermit (15 November 1970).
2809:Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja
2740:Kast, Günter (18 November 2014).
2558:Sang-hun, Choe (26 August 2010).
2067:North America and Central America
1852:in Northern Europe) has emerged.
810:, and it might be beneficial for
710:
426:other than Finnish and Estonian,
6857:
6840:
6823:
6795:
6783:
6771:
6745:
6744:
5694:
5685:
5684:
4024:Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
3366:The American Journal of Medicine
3188:"The Health Benefits of a Sauna"
2824:, Statistics Finland, 2011-06-22
1848:in short seatings (considered a
1795:Sauna in the Dutch language area
1748:
1736:
1724:
1711:Traditional Lithuanian sauna in
1704:
1583:, as they were practised by the
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1464:
1260:and those who bring a towel are
984:
949:
934:
616:
600:
585:
566:
437:
162:
47:
5033:Concerning the deaths in Sedona
5003:
4988:
4928:
4902:
4883:
4808:
4781:
4754:
4520:
4508:Bosworth, Mark (October 2013).
4501:
4475:
4359:"The Far-Infared Sauna Blanket"
4350:
4283:
4234:
4117:
4015:
3979:
3933:
3884:
3837:
3736:
3500:
3441:
3392:
3303:
3276:
3249:
3206:
3180:
3149:
3108:
3065:
3001:
2987:
2973:
2950:
2925:
2859:Orange, Richard (17 May 2016).
2852:
2827:
2814:
2811:. WSOY: Helsinki. pp. 1131–1132
2801:
2775:
2694:
2577:
2528:
2347:
1818:Muslim women in the Netherlands
1772:Swedish sauna house on the lake
1256:, those who wear swim wear are
880:
58:needs additional citations for
4761:Rožāne, Keita (26 June 2022).
4612:(in Lithuanian). 13 April 2020
4528:The Old Estonian Folk Religion
4001:10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.01.008
3134:10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034629
3009:http://www.palacsaturna.pl/en/
2676:Birt, Hazel Lauttamus (1988).
2551:
2522:
2496:
2427:
2401:
2384:
2367:
2075:Wood-heated floating sauna on
1039:Other sweat bathing facilities
897:
543:Guinness Book of World Records
13:
1:
5596:Nudity in American television
4892:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
4844:Tapper, James (12 May 2024).
3378:10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00671-9
2822:Buildings and summer cottages
2360:
1731:Latvian sauna covered in snow
318:Western saunas originated in
32:Sauna Open Air Metal Festival
4916:(in German). 3 February 2019
4552:(in Latvian). 14 August 2016
4260:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097914
3646:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.008
3156:Publishing, Harvard Health.
2936:. EDP Sciences. p. 59.
1802:can be found throughout the
719:Sauna whisks and herbal teas
407:
279:Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
7:
5644:Imagery of nude celebrities
5368:Social nudity organizations
4357:Publishing, Sauna Blanket.
3526:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111509
3418:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111509
2256:
2113:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
1992:Russian banya in Antarctica
1960:Czech Republic and Slovakia
1926:German-speaking Switzerland
1679:) are the most common, but
1589:Livonian Chronicle of Henry
10:
6941:
5579:Nudity in live performance
5086:
4875:: CS1 maint: url-status (
4636:Batarags, Ričards (2013).
4530:, Indiana University, 1971
4510:"Why Finland loves saunas"
4489:(in Finnish). 5 March 2018
4144:10.1177/153537020322801023
3989:Journal of Cardiac Failure
3761:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.03.005
3714:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.05.001
3584:10.1152/ajpregu.00115.2017
3283:Kaszubowski U (2007). "".
3053:Norros, Mikko (May 2009).
2995:"Welcome to Cape East Spa"
2787:UNESCO Intangible Heritage
2783:"Sauna culture in Finland"
2162:Traditions and old beliefs
2009:
1948:) and the infrared sauna (
1931:
1792:
1414:
744:responsible for repairing
241:
29:
6905:Finnish words and phrases
6740:
6684:
6497:
6414:
6261:
6104:
5934:
5878:
5752:
5682:
5636:
5549:
5496:
5441:
5386:
5378:Timeline of social nudity
5328:
5278:
5213:
5112:Nakedness and colonialism
5094:
4650:(in Latvian). Drukātava.
4450:10.1186/s40064-015-1093-5
4393:Canadian Family Physician
4036:10.1517/14728214.12.2.195
3324:10.1007/s00421-007-0469-9
3256:Sohr C (March 1983). "".
3227:10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.040
3086:10.1007/s00421-007-0652-z
2334:World Sauna Championships
2133:Gustavus Adolphus College
2097:Morse Township, Minnesota
1983:
1921:) are considered a must.
1874:German-speaking countries
1613:Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
1581:Chronicon terrae Prussiae
1514:Sauna building in Finland
1490:A modern sauna in Finland
1433:twigs with fresh leaves (
1429:. People use a bundle of
1400:
1273:
1167:). In Europe we find the
785:musculoskeletal disorders
732:Potential health benefits
623:Modern sauna in Highgrove
592:Modern collective sauna,
6454:Multi-family residential
5433:Clothing-optional events
5205:Clothing laws by country
4639:Latviskais pirts rituāls
3862:10.1177/1474515120944584
3513:Experimental Gerontology
3405:Experimental Gerontology
2807:Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004):
2531:
2476:
2340:
1573:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1548:, bathhouse or sauna is
1526:Estonian sauna on a lake
1353:, herbal steam sauna or
450:) are used in the sauna.
254:Areas such as the rocky
5498:Social nudity advocates
5280:Issues in social nudity
5146:Breastfeeding in public
4995:Niemi, Clemens (1921).
3801:Experimental Physiology
3633:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
2642:Aaland, Mikkel (1978).
1623:. In the 17th century,
1374:tea is usually served.
1286:
5601:Nudity in music videos
5574:Nude photography (art)
5293:Sexual objectification
5095:Nakedness and clothing
4202:10.2105/AJPH.81.8.1034
2957:Zech, Michael (2015).
2702:Metos Ltd (in Finnish)
2620:. Saskatchewan Gen Web
2585:"Helsinkiläinen sauna"
2177:
2145:, used by a number of
2099:
2080:
2007:
1993:
1969:
1887:
1833:
1789:Dutch-speaking regions
1773:
1676:
1668:
1575:were mentioned in the
1560:
1550:
1119:[temaːsˈkalːi]
1115:Nahuatl pronunciation:
1102:Victorian Turkish bath
1083:(from Greek βαλανεῖον
1066:
861:coronary heart disease
844:valvular heart disease
818:Potential health risks
769:cardiovascular disease
728:
727:Sauna bather in winter
720:
646:
638:
628:
451:
358:
315:
251:
153:
36:Sauna (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
5611:Nudity in advertising
5606:Nudity in print media
5406:Nude swimming classes
3312:Eur. J. Appl. Physiol
3074:Eur. J. Appl. Physiol
2934:Physics in daily life
2329:Taiwanese hot springs
2169:
2086:
2074:
1999:
1991:
1967:
1881:
1831:
1771:
1046:
1005:Continuous fire sauna
752:and chronic illness.
726:
718:
644:
636:
445:
363:Industrial Revolution
349:
307:
250:A Finnish smoke sauna
249:
148:
6915:Traditional medicine
5674:Softcore pornography
5551:Depictions of nudity
5315:Wardrobe malfunction
5215:Nudity and sexuality
4790:"Bastustil? - DN.SE"
4644:Latvian sauna ritual
3467:10.1155/2018/1857413
2969:– via Pub Med.
2932:Hermans, Jo (2012).
2820:Finland in Figures,
2618:New Finland District
2375:Dictionary Reference
2304:Purification Rundown
1607:which were built in
1540:Latvia and Lithuania
1378:Australia and Canada
1370:tea known in lao as
1334:, and the elaborate
1017:Electric stove sauna
1000:Continuous heat-type
840:postural hypotension
757:sudden cardiac death
325:apparent temperature
308:Women in Sauna with
67:improve this article
5900: / Guest room
5621:Glamour photography
5569:Nude modeling (art)
5526:Henry S. Huntington
4087:1997NYASA.813..654K
2474:한영준 (10 May 2016).
2446:on 6 November 2020.
2392:The Free Dictionary
2016:In many regions of
1944:), the steam room (
1411:Finland and Estonia
1234:. In some parts of
1026:Far-infrared saunas
832:high blood pressure
793:respiratory illness
777:Alzheimer's disease
742:heat shock proteins
434:in many languages.
361:As a result of the
6900:Finnish inventions
6895:Culture of Estonia
6890:Culture of Finland
6376:Servants' quarters
5669:Nude psychotherapy
5626:Erotic photography
5541:Richard Ungewitter
5536:Elton Raymond Shaw
5373:Anarchist naturism
5363:Naturist magazines
5343:Christian naturism
5195:Nudity and protest
5134:Nudity in religion
5019:. 22 October 1993.
4971:The New York Times
3037:on 1 October 2008.
2839:rajaportinsauna.fi
2835:"Rajaportin sauna"
2564:The New York Times
2178:
2100:
2081:
2008:
2001:In a Russian Banya
1994:
1970:
1888:
1834:
1774:
1625:Matthäus Prätorius
1619:traditions of the
1502:A sauna in Estonia
1067:
1053:by Russian artist
1033:endurance exercise
965:Heat storage-sauna
765:arterial stiffness
746:misfolded proteins
740:, which activates
729:
721:
647:
639:
452:
359:
316:
252:
154:
6759:
6758:
6177:Janitorial closet
5911:Bedsit / Miniflat
5708:
5707:
5305:Indecent exposure
5253:Feminist stripper
4657:978-9984-853-78-9
4386:Beever R (2009).
4309:10.1111/and.13595
4184:Press, E (1991).
4138:(10): 1245–1249.
3957:10.1111/aor.13659
3945:Artificial Organs
3909:10.1002/clc.23077
3903:(11): 1491–1501.
3899:(Meta-analysis).
3258:Z Gesamte Inn Med
2718:Manfred Scheuch:
2589:Nationaal Archief
2129:Finnish Americans
2091:on the shores of
1764:Norway and Sweden
1653:public bathhouses
1533:Ancient Estonians
1406:Nordic and Baltic
893:Heat storage-type
795:. Weight loss in
541:According to the
468:SkyWheel Helsinki
210:[ˈsɑu̯nɑ]
143:
142:
135:
117:
27:Type of bathhouse
16:(Redirected from
6932:
6870:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6853:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6816:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6767:
6748:
6747:
6717:Home improvement
6489:Studio apartment
6281:Kitchen-related
5957:Conversation pit
5744:and spaces of a
5735:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5711:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5659:Nudity in combat
5616:Nude photography
5348:Freikörperkultur
5119:Childhood nudity
5081:
5074:
5067:
5058:
5057:
5051:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4978:
4961:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4938:. Archived from
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4822:Algemeen Dagblad
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4731:
4720:
4717:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4649:
4633:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4600:
4589:
4588:
4573:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4540:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4452:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4409:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4321:
4311:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4262:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4196:(8): 1034–1037.
4181:
4172:
4171:
4129:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3816:
3814:10.1113/EP089424
3807:(6): 1317–1334.
3792:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3699:
3690:
3677:
3676:
3658:
3648:
3639:(8): 1111–1121.
3624:
3605:
3604:
3586:
3577:(5): R629–R638.
3562:
3547:
3546:
3528:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3469:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3420:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3357:
3344:
3343:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3164:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3030:. Archived from
3029:
3021:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2716:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2508:The Korea Herald
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2477:조선보다 못한 '한증막 안전'
2471:
2462:
2459:
2448:
2447:
2442:. Archived from
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2371:
2354:
2351:
2191:Finnic languages
2087:An old sauna of
2024:bunches, called
1860:Castrejos people
1813:Algemeen Dagblad
1752:
1740:
1728:
1708:
1585:Lithuanian dukes
1563:
1553:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1472:Rajaportin sauna
1468:
1246:Around the world
1162:Anishinaabemowin
1121:
1116:
988:
953:
938:
875:male infertility
851:in persons with
620:
607:Modern sauna in
604:
589:
570:
512:Western European
460:Rajaportin Sauna
446:Wooden buckets (
424:Finnic languages
391:Continuation War
323:would raise the
301:are ubiquitous.
293:clinics, called
283:Sejong the Great
232:Infrared therapy
221:
219:[ˈsɑu̯n]
216:
212:
207:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
138:
131:
127:
124:
118:
116:
75:
51:
43:
21:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6869:from Wikivoyage
6863:
6858:
6856:
6846:
6841:
6839:
6835:from Wiktionary
6829:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6815:sister projects
6812:at Knowledge's
6806:
6796:
6794:
6784:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6762:
6760:
6755:
6751:Category: Rooms
6736:
6680:
6501:
6493:
6459:Secondary suite
6410:
6285:butler's pantry
6257:
6200:Mechanical room
6153:Electrical room
6112:
6100:
5930:
5874:
5848:Recreation room
5748:
5739:
5709:
5704:
5678:
5632:
5545:
5492:
5437:
5388:Nude recreation
5382:
5338:Naturist resort
5324:
5274:
5209:
5124:Sex segregation
5090:
5085:
5055:
5054:
5045:
5041:
5028:
5024:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4993:
4989:
4976:
4974:
4962:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4888:
4884:
4868:
4867:
4856:
4854:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4742:(in Lithuanian)
4732:
4723:
4718:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4698:(in Lithuanian)
4688:
4687:
4680:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4647:
4634:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4602:
4601:
4592:
4575:
4574:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4525:
4521:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4427:
4423:
4384:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4355:
4351:
4288:
4284:
4253:(13): 799–805.
4239:
4235:
4182:
4175:
4122:
4118:
4071:
4067:
4020:
4016:
3984:
3980:
3938:
3934:
3889:
3885:
3842:
3838:
3793:
3786:
3741:
3737:
3697:
3691:
3680:
3625:
3608:
3563:
3550:
3505:
3501:
3446:
3442:
3397:
3393:
3358:
3347:
3308:
3304:
3281:
3277:
3254:
3250:
3221:(1–2): 145–52.
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3154:
3150:
3113:
3109:
3070:
3066:
3051:
3042:
3034:
3027:
3025:"The sauna use"
3023:
3022:
3015:
3006:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2911:Chicago Tribune
2903:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2868:Daily Telegraph
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2772:ERR, 27.11.2014
2768:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2738:
2734:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2640:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2389:
2385:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2284:Destination spa
2259:
2233:tutelary spirit
2180:A Finnish word
2164:
2147:Native American
2089:Listening Point
2069:
2014:
1986:
1962:
1934:
1876:
1842:Southern Europe
1826:
1797:
1791:
1766:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1732:
1729:
1720:
1709:
1595:on the bank of
1542:
1527:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1479:
1469:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1380:
1289:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1248:
1214:and the Korean
1146:Native American
1114:
1055:Boris Kustodiev
1041:
1028:
1019:
1007:
1002:
995:
989:
967:
960:
954:
945:
939:
900:
895:
887:infrared saunas
883:
857:aortic stenosis
853:unstable angina
849:contraindicated
826:drugs, such as
820:
734:
713:
631:
624:
621:
612:
605:
596:
590:
581:
571:
456:Northern Europe
440:
410:
355:Giuseppe Acerbi
351:Bain Finlandais
244:
214:
205:
183:
165:
161:
139:
128:
122:
119:
76:
74:
64:
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6938:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6872:
6871:
6854:
6837:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6792:
6780:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6550:
6545:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6505:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6371:Servants' hall
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6197:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6160:
6158:Equipment room
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6074:
6072:Secret passage
6069:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5738:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5591:Nudity in film
5588:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5555:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5531:Heinrich Pudor
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5284:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5153:
5151:Public bathing
5148:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5039:
5022:
5002:
4987:
4953:
4942:on 31 May 2017
4927:
4901:
4882:
4836:
4807:
4780:
4753:
4721:
4709:
4678:
4656:
4623:
4609:Bernardinai.lt
4590:
4563:
4532:
4526:Ivar Paulson,
4519:
4500:
4474:
4421:
4400:(7): 691–696.
4375:
4349:
4282:
4233:
4173:
4116:
4065:
4030:(2): 195–198.
4014:
3995:(3): 204–206.
3978:
3951:(7): 680–692.
3932:
3883:
3836:
3784:
3755:(6): 635–641.
3735:
3708:(3): 288–293.
3678:
3606:
3548:
3499:
3440:
3411:(3): 489–492.
3391:
3372:(2): 118–126.
3345:
3302:
3285:Z Urol Nephrol
3275:
3248:
3205:
3194:. 14 June 2020
3179:
3168:on 5 June 2020
3162:Harvard Health
3148:
3127:(6): 1007–14.
3107:
3064:
3040:
3013:
3000:
2986:
2972:
2949:
2942:
2924:
2894:
2851:
2826:
2813:
2800:
2774:
2759:
2732:
2706:
2693:
2665:
2658:
2631:
2601:
2576:
2550:
2521:
2510:. 1 April 2010
2495:
2463:
2449:
2426:
2415:. 12 July 2017
2400:
2383:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2163:
2160:
2093:Burntside Lake
2068:
2065:
2010:Main article:
1985:
1982:
1974:Czech Republic
1961:
1958:
1933:
1930:
1919:Frischluftraum
1875:
1872:
1838:United Kingdom
1825:
1822:
1820:to the sauna.
1793:Main article:
1790:
1787:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1703:
1577:Hypatian Codex
1541:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1463:
1415:Main article:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1379:
1376:
1288:
1285:
1275:
1272:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1205:. In Asia the
1073:there was the
1040:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
990:
983:
966:
963:
962:
961:
955:
948:
946:
940:
933:
899:
896:
894:
891:
882:
879:
819:
816:
804:skin disorders
761:blood pressure
750:muscle atrophy
733:
730:
712:
711:Health effects
709:
678:Contact lenses
666:
665:
662:
659:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
615:
613:
606:
599:
597:
591:
584:
582:
572:
565:
532:swimming pools
508:North American
478:. The hottest
439:
436:
418:is an ancient
409:
406:
243:
240:
141:
140:
55:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6937:
6926:
6925:Hot-air baths
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6868:
6867:
6866:Travel guides
6855:
6851:
6850:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6811:
6803:
6793:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6752:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6499:Architectural
6496:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:Semi-detached
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:Swimming pool
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Great chamber
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6248:Wiring closet
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6219:Semi-basement
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:Private rooms
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5853:billiard room
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5807:dirty kitchen
5805:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5731:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:Nudity clause
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:Nude calendar
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Body painting
5584:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Lee Baxandall
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5488:South America
5486:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:San Francisco
5469:
5468:
5467:
5466:North America
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5401:Nude swimming
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5298:Pornification
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5288:Sexualization
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5228:Exhibitionism
5226:
5224:
5223:Intimate part
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5188:United States
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5161:Finnish sauna
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5068:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5049:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5026:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5006:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4960:
4958:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4872:
4865:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4716:
4714:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4380:
4364:
4363:Sauna Blanket
4360:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4302:(1): e13595.
4301:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4178:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4081:(1): 654–62.
4080:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:Ye, Winnie N.
3936:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3856:(2): 96–105.
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3318:(4): 371–82.
3317:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:(in German).
3286:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3264:(6): 207–13.
3263:
3260:(in German).
3259:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3059:thisisFINLAND
3056:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3033:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2982:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2943:9782759807055
2939:
2935:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2855:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2728:3-85498-289-5
2725:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2659:0-88496-124-9
2655:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2636:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2350:
2346:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Balneotherapy
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2175:Pekka Halonen
2172:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:First Nations
2148:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2104:United States
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2012:Banya (sauna)
2006:
2005:Vitaly Tikhov
2002:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:Public saunas
1796:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:Baltic people
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1534:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1417:Finnish sauna
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1243:
1241:
1238:there is the
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:European Jews
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:First Nations
1139:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1059:Russian Venus
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1011:
993:
987:
982:
981:
980:
978:
973:
958:
952:
947:
943:
937:
932:
931:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
890:
888:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
815:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:heart failure
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
725:
717:
708:
706:
702:
701:physiotherapy
698:
693:
691:
685:
681:
679:
674:
670:
663:
660:
657:
656:
655:
653:
643:
635:
619:
614:
610:
603:
598:
595:
588:
583:
580:
579:Therme Erding
576:
569:
564:
563:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:South African
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
500:
497:
492:
490:
486:
481:
477:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
444:
438:Modern saunas
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
405:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
382:
380:
376:
372:
371:Finnish sauna
368:
364:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
313:
312:
306:
302:
300:
299:Korean saunas
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Sejong Sillok
272:
271:
265:
262:
257:
248:
239:
237:
236:Finnish sauna
233:
229:
225:
220:
211:
201:
159:
152:
151:Finnish sauna
147:
137:
134:
126:
123:December 2022
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84: –
83:
79:
78:Find sources:
72:
68:
62:
61:
56:This article
54:
50:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6864:
6852:from Commons
6847:
6830:
6809:
6629:Roof lantern
6381:Smoking room
6365:
6351:Long gallery
6331:Drawing room
6317:Conservatory
6224:Storm cellar
6195:Storage room
6191:Utility room
6187:Laundry room
6163:Furnace room
5754:Shared rooms
5699:
5689:
5521:Ilsley Boone
5516:Paul Bindrim
5506:Kurt Barthel
5428:Nude beaches
5423:Nude wedding
5353:Gay naturism
5320:Strip search
5155:
5042:
5032:
5025:
5014:
5011:"The Shvitz"
5005:
4996:
4990:
4982:
4975:. Retrieved
4969:
4944:. Retrieved
4940:the original
4930:
4918:. Retrieved
4913:
4904:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4862:
4855:. Retrieved
4851:The Guardian
4849:
4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4820:
4810:
4798:. Retrieved
4796:(in Swedish)
4793:
4783:
4771:. Retrieved
4769:(in Latvian)
4766:
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4739:
4700:. Retrieved
4693:
4671:30 September
4669:. Retrieved
4643:
4638:
4616:30 September
4614:. Retrieved
4607:
4580:
4556:30 September
4554:. Retrieved
4547:
4527:
4522:
4513:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4486:
4477:
4440:
4436:SpringerPlus
4434:
4424:
4397:
4391:
4366:. Retrieved
4362:
4352:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4193:
4189:
4135:
4131:
4119:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4027:
4023:
4017:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3900:
3897:Clin Cardiol
3896:
3886:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3804:
3800:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3705:
3701:
3636:
3632:
3574:
3570:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3369:
3365:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3191:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:the original
3161:
3151:
3124:
3121:Exp. Physiol
3120:
3110:
3080:(2): 281–8.
3077:
3073:
3067:
3058:
3032:the original
3003:
2989:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2933:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2910:
2885:. Retrieved
2866:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2786:
2777:
2750:. Retrieved
2745:
2735:
2719:
2700:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2644:
2622:. Retrieved
2617:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2579:
2569:22 September
2567:. Retrieved
2563:
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2536:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2507:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2481:
2444:the original
2440:The Scotsman
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:Sauna Digest
2412:
2403:
2390:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2349:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2171:In the sauna
2170:
2140:
2137:
2107:
2101:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2042:ice swimming
2037:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2000:
1971:
1968:Polish sauna
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1923:
1918:
1915:Saunameister
1914:
1910:
1889:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1840:and much of
1835:
1811:
1798:
1775:
1697:Finnish-type
1696:
1657:
1570:
1543:
1530:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1423:temperatures
1420:
1392:
1381:
1371:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1321:
1317:World War II
1302:
1290:
1283:experience.
1281:steam shower
1277:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1239:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:sweat lodges
1135:
1126:
1109:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:Ancient Rome
1068:
1061:(armed with
1058:
1048:
1029:
1020:
1012:
1008:
992:Heat storage
991:
971:
968:
956:
941:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
884:
881:Technologies
872:
865:
821:
801:
754:
735:
705:hydrotherapy
694:
686:
682:
673:Perspiration
671:
667:
648:
540:
505:
501:
493:
472:
453:
447:
427:
413:
411:
395:
387:Soviet Union
383:
366:
360:
350:
340:
336:
332:
328:
317:
310:
294:
290:
286:
274:
268:
266:
253:
157:
155:
129:
120:
110:
103:
96:
89:
77:
65:Please help
60:verification
57:
40:
6832:Definitions
6722:Home repair
6519:Belt course
6427:Hidden room
6356:Lumber room
6272:Antechamber
6263:Great house
6243:Wine cellar
6214:Root cellar
6167:Boiler room
6148:Crawl space
5819:Living room
5812:kitchenette
5797:Home cinema
5782:Family room
5777:Dining room
5767:Common room
5443:By location
5418:Naked party
5173:Toplessness
3291:(1): 51–6.
2917:22 February
2887:25 November
2844:23 February
2793:19 December
2730:pages 156ff
2650:Capra Press
2539:(in Korean)
2484:(in Korean)
2225:Saunatonttu
2193:such as in
2173:(1925), by
2143:sweat lodge
2063:mixed-sex.
2003:(1916), by
1954:szaunavilág
1950:infraszauna
1942:finn szauna
1903:South Tyrol
1804:Netherlands
1633:Aukštaitija
1336:jjimjilbang
1222:Karo people
1217:jjimjilbang
1165:madoodiswan
1100:and in the
1063:birch besom
957:Smoke sauna
942:Smoke sauna
909:, Estonian
903:Smoke sauna
898:Smoke sauna
868:teratogenic
855:and severe
834:, or being
738:heat stress
690:plunge pool
573:Sauna with
389:during the
291:hanjeungmak
287:hanjeungmak
270:hanjeungmak
224:thermometer
6879:Categories
6732:Tree house
6702:Front yard
6634:Sill plate
6582:Foundation
6524:Bressummer
6437:house plan
6406:Undercroft
6391:State room
6341:Great hall
6310:still room
5977:dumbwaiter
5962:Cubby-hole
5792:Great room
5762:Bonus room
5654:Naked News
5559:Nude (art)
5413:Naked yoga
5396:Nude beach
5358:Gymnosophy
5270:Candaulism
5243:Striptease
5200:Dress code
5178:Topfreedom
4829:24 January
4825:(in Dutch)
4319:10566/5440
4296:Andrologia
3519:: 111509.
2748:. die Zeit
2686:7 December
2361:References
2319:Sudatorium
2289:Hot spring
1937:Hungarians
1900:Luxembourg
1665:Lithuanian
1645:Semigallia
1605:Tālivaldis
1546:Lithuanian
1368:Bael fruit
1330:, outdoor
1328:mogyoktang
1309:bathhouses
1211:Mushi-Buro
1198:, and the
1131:, and the
1128:zumpul-ché
1111:temāzcalli
977:peridotite
911:suitsusaun
842:or severe
295:hanjeungso
228:hygrometer
93:newspapers
6656:Threshold
6539:Colonnade
6484:Townhouse
6422:Furniture
6326:Courtyard
6228:Safe room
6138:Cloakroom
6106:Technical
6096:Vestibule
6081:Staircase
6020:Inglenook
5993:Fireplace
5952:Breezeway
5824:Gynaeceum
5310:Obscenity
5260:Voyeurism
5238:Streaking
4914:www.fr.de
4871:cite news
4773:2 October
4746:2 October
4702:2 October
4344:216129511
4328:0303-4569
4210:0090-0036
4152:1535-3702
4044:1472-8214
3973:211025644
3870:1474-5151
3831:233298053
3730:158047297
3543:236921724
3476:1741-427X
3435:236921724
3192:PoolGuide
2913:. Chicago
2877:0307-1235
2314:Steambath
2121:Wisconsin
2117:Minnesota
2079:farm pond
1886:, Germany
1882:Sauna in
1866:spoke of
1637:Samogitia
1601:Latgalian
1384:Australia
1228:have the
1226:Indonesia
1085:balaneîon
923:Midsummer
915:savvusann
907:savusauna
905:(Finnish
812:psoriasis
808:psychosis
697:gymnasium
611:, Germany
555:Haparanda
496:dew point
432:Finnicism
412:The word
408:Etymology
329:savusauna
261:Neolithic
215:Estonian:
149:A modern
18:Dry sauna
6802:Medicine
6697:Driveway
6692:Backyard
6651:Skylight
6614:Plumbing
6609:Ornament
6604:Lighting
6514:Baluster
6502:elements
6474:Detached
6469:Terraced
6321:Orangery
6300:scullery
6277:Ballroom
6253:Workshop
6238:Wardrobe
6226: /
6193: /
6189: /
6165: /
6128:Basement
6060:sleeping
6055:screened
6040:Overhang
5984:Entryway
5972:Elevator
5886:Bathroom
5841:man cave
5691:Category
5637:See also
5330:Naturism
5265:Anasyrma
5248:Stripper
4898:(1): 68.
4857:1 August
4800:24 March
4690:"Pirtis"
4662:Archived
4585:Archived
4514:BBC News
4469:26180741
4416:19602651
4336:32330362
4269:29496695
4160:14610268
4111:33060245
4052:17604496
4009:29409954
3965:32017138
3927:30239008
3878:32814462
3823:33866630
3779:29551418
3722:31102597
3673:51922575
3665:30077204
3601:13960140
3593:29351426
3535:34363927
3494:29849692
3460:: 1–30.
3386:11165553
3332:17483960
3243:26047824
3235:17706676
3143:16916892
3094:18172673
2881:Archived
2789:. UNESCO
2624:17 April
2594:12 March
2543:25 March
2514:25 March
2488:25 March
2419:28 April
2309:Spa town
2294:Mud bath
2257:See also
2251:Thailand
2195:Estonian
1978:Slovakia
1946:gőzkabin
1907:Lombardy
1884:Freiberg
1868:Lusitans
1850:faux pas
1808:Flanders
1713:Zervynos
1558:, it is
1449:Estonian
1427:sweating
1363:tamarind
1340:konglish
1207:Japanese
1169:Estonian
1108:(Aztec)
919:juhannus
836:diabetic
824:narcotic
789:glaucoma
547:Sinsheim
516:Japanese
489:scalding
476:humidity
464:Helsinki
206:Finnish:
6920:Bathing
6790:Estonia
6778:Finland
6764:Portals
6685:Related
6661:Transom
6553:Cornice
6543:Portico
6534:Chimney
6529:Ceiling
6361:Parlour
6346:Library
6305:spicery
6295:saucery
6290:buttery
6133:Carport
6115:storage
6110:utility
6091:Veranda
6086:Terrace
6015:Hallway
5947:Balcony
5926:Nursery
5921:Cabinet
5916:Boudoir
5898:Bedroom
5870:Sunroom
5802:Kitchen
5564:History
5483:Oceania
5476:Seattle
5233:Mooning
5168:Massage
5129:Modesty
5102:History
4977:5 March
4946:26 June
4460:4493260
4443:: 321.
4407:2718593
4277:3643965
4228:1853995
4219:1405706
4168:3115563
4103:9100952
4083:Bibcode
4060:8048638
3918:6489706
3485:5941775
3340:9670316
3297:7234155
3270:6603073
3198:25 June
3102:9456781
2746:Faz.net
2324:Svedana
2279:Day spa
2274:Bathtub
2264:Aræotic
2215:Latvian
2102:In the
1972:In the
1932:Hungary
1911:Aufguss
1896:Austria
1892:Germany
1846:jacuzzi
1836:In the
1717:Dzūkija
1693:juniper
1673:Latvian
1663:twigs (
1649:Vilnius
1641:Latgale
1609:Trikāta
1597:Daugava
1568:times.
1556:Latvian
1476:Tampere
1435:Finnish
1395:cottage
1355:hom yaa
1332:oncheon
1297:Persian
1200:Swedish
1185:Latvian
1176:Russian
1106:Nahuatl
1089:Turkish
1081:balneae
1076:thermae
927:Võrumaa
913:, Võro
828:cocaine
609:Templin
536:jacuzzi
526:public
520:Russian
480:Finnish
420:Finnish
402:Võromaa
320:Finland
277:of the
242:History
107:scholar
82:"Sauna"
6749:
6707:Garden
6676:Window
6619:Quoins
6597:Portal
6548:Column
6464:Duplex
6442:styles
6401:Turret
6233:Studio
6209:Pantry
6182:Larder
6172:Garage
6143:Closet
6077:Stairs
6035:Loggia
5998:hearth
5988:Genkan
5942:Atrium
5935:Spaces
5904:closet
5891:toilet
5860:Shrine
5836:Andron
5787:Garret
5701:Portal
5461:Europe
5451:Africa
5183:Canada
5088:Nudity
4920:29 May
4654:
4646:]
4581:Baltai
4493:2 June
4467:
4457:
4414:
4404:
4368:14 May
4342:
4334:
4326:
4275:
4267:
4226:
4216:
4208:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4109:
4101:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4007:
3971:
3963:
3925:
3915:
3876:
3868:
3829:
3821:
3777:
3728:
3720:
3671:
3663:
3599:
3591:
3541:
3533:
3492:
3482:
3474:
3433:
3427:111509
3425:
3384:
3338:
3330:
3295:
3268:
3241:
3233:
3172:14 May
3141:
3100:
3092:
2940:
2875:
2752:21 May
2726:
2656:
2537:네이버캐스트
2482:세이프타임즈
2244:bannik
2238:tonttu
2208:Khanty
2123:, and
2018:Russia
1984:Russia
1864:Strabo
1782:Sweden
1778:Norway
1719:region
1689:nettle
1685:linden
1603:ruler
1551:pirtis
1401:Europe
1388:Canada
1372:muktam
1274:Africa
1262:violet
1240:sifutu
1236:Africa
1220:. The
1196:shvitz
1190:, the
1154:Lakota
1133:Mixtec
1097:hammam
959:stones
781:stroke
594:Erding
575:geyser
559:Sweden
522:, and
485:hammam
379:Baltic
311:Vihtas
285:, the
256:Orkney
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
6910:Rooms
6885:Sauna
6849:Media
6810:Sauna
6666:Vault
6639:Style
6587:Gable
6577:Floor
6557:Eaves
6447:types
6432:House
6415:Other
6386:Solar
6366:Sauna
6265:areas
6204:floor
6123:Attic
6050:Porch
6045:Patio
6025:Lanai
6005:Foyer
5865:Study
5829:harem
5746:house
5742:Rooms
5156:Sauna
5139:Awrah
4794:DN.SE
4740:Delfi
4665:(PDF)
4648:(PDF)
4642:[
4487:Sauna
4340:S2CID
4273:S2CID
4164:S2CID
4107:S2CID
4056:S2CID
3969:S2CID
3827:S2CID
3726:S2CID
3698:(PDF)
3669:S2CID
3597:S2CID
3539:S2CID
3431:S2CID
3336:S2CID
3239:S2CID
3098:S2CID
3035:(PDF)
3028:(PDF)
3007:(See
2645:Sweat
2529:김용만.
2397:sauna
2380:sauna
2341:Notes
2299:Onsen
2229:gnome
2217:word
2203:lélek
2187:löyly
2182:löyly
2156:Inipi
2108:bastu
2053:banya
2046:banya
2038:banya
2033:banya
2027:venik
2022:birch
1677:slota
1669:vanta
1661:birch
1629:Laima
1617:pagan
1566:pagan
1561:pirts
1554:; in
1445:vasta
1440:vihta
1431:birch
1344:sauna
1342:word
1324:Korea
1313:sentō
1305:Japan
1231:oukup
1203:bastu
1188:pirts
1180:banya
1158:inipi
1050:banya
972:löyly
944:stove
797:obese
652:banya
528:sport
506:Some
448:kiulu
428:sauna
415:sauna
375:Vaasa
367:kiuas
341:leili
337:löyly
333:kiuas
158:sauna
114:JSTOR
100:books
6727:Shed
6712:Home
6671:Wall
6644:list
6624:Roof
6592:Gate
6567:Door
6562:Dome
6509:Arch
6113:and
6067:Ramp
6030:Loft
6010:Hall
5967:Deck
5456:Asia
5016:IMDb
4979:2024
4948:2017
4922:2024
4877:link
4859:2024
4831:2014
4802:2018
4775:2023
4748:2023
4704:2023
4673:2023
4652:ISBN
4618:2023
4558:2023
4495:2022
4465:PMID
4412:PMID
4370:2022
4332:PMID
4324:ISSN
4265:PMID
4224:PMID
4206:ISSN
4156:PMID
4148:ISSN
4099:PMID
4048:PMID
4040:ISSN
4005:PMID
3961:PMID
3923:PMID
3874:PMID
3866:ISSN
3819:PMID
3775:PMID
3718:PMID
3661:PMID
3589:PMID
3531:PMID
3490:PMID
3472:ISSN
3458:2018
3423:PMID
3382:PMID
3328:PMID
3293:PMID
3266:PMID
3231:PMID
3200:2020
3174:2020
3139:PMID
3090:PMID
2938:ISBN
2919:2023
2889:2019
2873:ISSN
2846:2023
2795:2020
2754:2017
2724:ISBN
2688:2010
2654:ISBN
2626:2014
2596:2022
2571:2016
2545:2017
2516:2017
2490:2017
2421:2018
2219:gars
2206:and
2198:leil
2149:and
2141:The
2125:Iowa
2077:Iowa
1976:and
1905:and
1806:and
1780:and
1691:and
1593:pier
1579:and
1453:viht
1386:and
1351:Laos
1293:Iran
1287:Asia
1254:blue
1172:saun
1144:and
1137:Ñihi
1124:Maya
1093:Arab
779:and
763:and
86:news
6572:Ell
5772:Den
4767:LSM
4549:LSM
4455:PMC
4445:doi
4402:PMC
4314:hdl
4304:doi
4255:doi
4214:PMC
4198:doi
4140:doi
4136:228
4091:doi
4079:813
4032:doi
3997:doi
3953:doi
3913:PMC
3905:doi
3858:doi
3809:doi
3805:106
3765:hdl
3757:doi
3710:doi
3651:hdl
3641:doi
3579:doi
3575:314
3521:doi
3517:154
3480:PMC
3462:doi
3413:doi
3409:154
3374:doi
3370:110
3320:doi
3316:100
3223:doi
3219:262
3129:doi
3082:doi
3078:104
2249:In
2231:or
2211:lil
2095:in
1924:In
1890:In
1776:In
1683:or
1681:oak
1544:In
1474:in
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1382:In
1359:Lao
1357:in
1349:In
1322:In
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