1362:
utilizes is taught as part of their core physical therapy and chiropractic education and that the specific dry needling skills are supplemental to that knowledge and not exclusive to acupuncture. Many acupuncturists have argued that dry needling appears to be an acupuncture technique requiring minimal training that has been re-branded under a new name (dry needling). Whether dry needling is considered to be acupuncture depends on the definition of acupuncture, and it is argued that trigger points do not correspond to acupuncture points or meridians. They correspond by definition to the ad hoc category of 'a-shi' acupoints. It is important to note that this category of points is not necessarily distinct from other formal categories of acupoints. In 1983, Janet
Travell described trigger point locations as 92% in correspondence with known acupuncture points. In 2006, a journal article concluded that the two point systems are in over 90% agreement. In 2009, Dorsher and Fleckenstein conclude that the strong (up to 91%) consistency of the distributions of trigger point regions' referred pain patterns to acupuncture meridians provides evidence that trigger points most likely represent the same physiological phenomenon as acupuncture points in the treatment of pain disorders.
1379:
an opinion by the North
Carolina Acupuncture Licensing Board which he gave in 2011: "In our opinion, the Board of Physical Therapy Examiners may determine that dry needling is within the scope of practice of physical therapy if it conducts rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act and adopts rules that relate dry needling to the statutory definition of practice of physical therapy." However, the North Carolina Rules Review Committee of the legislative branch found that the North Carolina Physical Therapy Board had no statutory authority for the proposed rule. The Physical Therapy board subsequently decided that they had the right to declare dry needling within scope anyway "The Board believes physical therapists can continue to perform dry needling so long as they possess the requisite education and training required by N.C.G.S. § 90–270.24(4), but there are no regulations to set the specific requirements for engaging in dry needling."
1238:. Acupuncture and dry needling are similar in the underlying phenomenon and neural processes between trigger points and acupuncture points. There is a high degree of correspondence between published locations of trigger points and classical acupuncture points for the relief of pain. Dry needling, and its treatment techniques and desired effects, would be most directly comparable to the use of 'a-shi' points in acupuncture. However, dry needling theory only begins to describe the complex sensation referral patterns that have been documented as "channels" or "meridians" in Chinese Medicine. What further distinguishes dry needling from traditional acupuncture is that it does not use the full range of traditional theories of Chinese Medicine which is used to treat not only pain, but also other non-musculoskeletal issues that often cause pain. The distinction between trigger points and acupuncture points for the relief of pain is blurred.
1288:
sham or placebo, for decreasing pain immediately after treatment and at 4 weeks in patients with upper quarter myofascial pain syndrome. However, the authors caution that "the limited number of studies performed to date, combined with methodological flaws in many of the studies, prompts caution in interpreting the results of the meta-analysis performed". Similarly, a second review of dry needling found insufficient high-quality evidence for the use of direct dry needling for short and long-term pain and disability reduction in patients with musculoskeletal pain syndromes. The same review reported that robust evidence validating the clinical diagnostic criteria for trigger point identification or diagnosis is lacking and that high-quality studies demonstrate that manual examination for the identification and localization of a trigger point is neither valid nor reliable between-examiners.
1180:
1337:. During a recent study, a self-reported survey of almost 230,000 people, 8.6% (19726 patients) reported experiencing at least one adverse effect. 2.2% (4,963 patients) reported an adverse effect that required further treatment. However, since this study was based on the patient's self-reporting rather than actual incidence, the collective findings cited above demonstrated are probably lower than the actual incidence. Because dry needling sometimes involves blood and other bodily fluids, there are sometimes risk of transmission of multiple forms of
1192:, 3.8-cm (1.5-in) needle is usually suitable for most superficial muscles. In hyperalgesic patients, a 25-gauge, 3.8-cm (1.5-in) needle may cause less discomfort, but will not provide the clear feeling of the structures being penetrated by the needle and is more likely to be deflected by the dense contraction knots that are the target... A 27-gauge needle, 3.8-cm (1.5-in) needle is even more flexible; the tip is more likely to be deflected by the contraction knots and it provides less tactile feedback for precision injection".
1358:
procedure that is rooted in biomedical modern sciences. To become a certified acupuncturist requires hundred of hours spent in educational programs, national level exams, and good professional standings. On the other hand, to be certified in dry needling requires continued education or a certification program that is not yet regulated with strict standards; in addition, there is a general lack of policymakers, evaluation systems, or healthcare standards governing the technique of dry needling.
1258:, dry needling is an invasive procedure in which a filiform needle is inserted into the skin and muscle directly at a myofascial trigger point. A myofascial trigger point consists of multiple, hyperirritable contraction knots related to the production and maintenance of the pain cycle; essentially, myofascial trigger points will generate much local pain upon stimulation or irritation. Deep dry needling for treating trigger points was first introduced by the czechian neurologist
40:
1279:
to some available evidence. The APTA also disclaims that dry needling should not be used as a standalone procedure, but should be used in conjunction with other treatment methods, including manual soft tissue mobilization, neuromuscular re-education, functional retraining, and therapeutic exercises. Once the needle is inserted, one can manually or electrically stimulate the filiform needle depending for the desired effect of treatment.
1292:
pain syndrome in the lower back appeared to be a useful addition to standard therapies, but stated clear recommendations could not be made because the published studies were small and of low quality. However, a retrospective analysis of 2,910 dry needling interventions as reported by Mabry, et al. identified no reported safety events when dry needling was performed by physical therapists.
1383:
dry needling or whether the training they were being given was adequate. Pending further discussion of training requirements the Oregon
Physical Therapist Licensing Board has advised all Oregon physical therapists against practicing dry needling. They have not changed their ruling that dry needling is within the scope of practice for Oregon Physical Therapists.
1313:, which can be avoided, however, by using good aseptic (sterile) technique. Nonetheless, the procedure is increasing in popularity despite the unanswered questions regarding its overall effectiveness and safety. Mild adverse events following dry needling are commonly bleeding, bruising, and pain. Severe adverse effects include
1369:
According to the results of a qualitative review, it suggests that dry needling combined with acupuncture was more effective in alleviating pain and achieved a higher response rate than dry needling alone. However, there is no clear research on if dry needling is a better treatment choice over laser,
1274:
of pain. In addition, deep dry may also decrease pain, increase range of motion, and minimize myofascial trigger point irritability. In regards to the factor of pain reduction, relief occurs at four central levels: local pain, spinal pain through nerves, brain stem pain, and higher brain center pain.
1220:
The founder of
Integrative Systemic Dry Needling (ISDN), Yun-Tao Ma, has been spearheading the "dry needling" movement in the United States. Ma states, "Although ISDN originated in traditional Chinese methods, it has developed from the ancient empirical approach to become modern medical art rooted in
1382:
In
January 2014, The Oregon Court of Appeals ruled that the Oregon Board of Chiropractic Examiners did not have the statutory authority to include dry needling in the scope of practice for chiropractors in that state. The ruling did not address whether chiropractors have the medical expertise to use
1378:
The North
Carolina Acupuncture Licensing Board has published a position statement asserting that dry needling is acupuncture and thus is covered by the North Carolina Acupuncture Licensing law, and is not within the present scope of practice of Physical Therapists. The Attorney General was asked for
1357:
of various professions. Acupuncturists claim that dry needling is a form of acupuncture that does not fall in the scope of physical therapists, chiropractors, or the majority of other healthcare professionals; whereas those healthcare professionals claim dry needling is not acupuncture, but rather a
1325:
made a press release in 2016 that said physical therapists and other non-physicians practicing dry needling should – at a minimum – have standards that are similar to the ones for training, certification, and continuing education that exist for acupuncture. AMA board member
Russell W. H. Kridel, MD:
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Three more recent reviews reached similar conclusions: little evidence supporting the use of trigger point dry needling to treat upper shoulder pain and dysfunction, evidence not robust enough to draw a clear conclusion about safety and efficacy, and that dry needling for the treatment of myofascial
1278:
The relief of myofascial trigger points has been more highly researched than relief of connective tissues, muscle fascia, muscle tension, and scar tissue; however, the
American Physical Therapy Association claims that there potentially may be some benefits of dry needling on these ailments according
1287:
There is currently no standardized form of dry needling. There is a general scarcity of extensive research in the field. Many studies published about dry needling are not randomized, contain small sample sizes, and have high dropout rates. A review recommended the usage of dry needling, compared to
1265:
Dry needling can be divided into categories in terms of depth of penetration: deep and superficial dry needling. Deep dry needling will inactivate myofascial triggers points by provoking a local twitch response (LTR), which is an involuntary spinal cord reflex in which the muscle fibers in the taut
1200:
The solid filiform needle used in dry needling is regulated by the FDA as a Class II medical device described in the code titled "Sec. 880.5580 Acupuncture needle is a device intended to pierce the skin in the practice of acupuncture". Per the Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the subsequent amendments
1233:
Dry needling for the treatment of myofascial (muscular) trigger points is based on theories similar, but not exclusive, to traditional acupuncture; both acupuncture and dry needling target the trigger points, which is a direct and palpable source of patient pain. A high degree of correspondence is
1228:
Dry needling is a neurophysiological evidence-based treatment technique that requires effective manual assessment of the neuromuscular system. Physical therapists are well trained to utilize dry needling in conjunction with manual physical therapy interventions. Research supports that dry needling
1187:
The two techniques
Travell described are the injection of a local anesthetic and the mechanical use of a hypodermic needle without injecting a solution. Travell preferred a, 1.5-in hypodermic needle for trigger point therapy and used this needle for both injection therapy and dry needling. Travell
1246:
Technique for dry needling depends on which tissue is being targeted and what the overall objective of the treatment is. For example, one of the most common treatment objectives for dry needling, myofascial trigger points (TrPs), differs physiologically from treatments for scar tissue, connective
1361:
Many physical therapists and chiropractors have asserted that they are not practicing acupuncture when dry needling; however, much of dry needling research has been done with reference to acupuncture. They assert that much of the basic physiological and biomechanical knowledge that dry needling
1221:
evidence-based thinking and practice." Ma also states that, "Dry needling technique is a modern
Western medical modality that is not related to traditional Chinese acupuncture in any way. Dry needling has its own theoretical concepts, terminology, needling technique and clinical application."
2623:"Oregon Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, Alfred Thieme, and E. Christo Gorawski, Petitioners, v. Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Respondent, and, University of Western States; and John L. V. Platt, D.C., P.C., dba Woodstock Chiropractic Clinic, Intervenors-Respondents"
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to differentiate between two hypodermic needle techniques when performing trigger point therapy. However, Travell did not elaborate on the details on the techniques of dry needling; the current techniques of dry needling were based on the traditional and western medical acupuncture.
1141:; however, not enough high-quality, long-term, and large-scale studies have been done on the technique to draw clear conclusions about its efficacy. Currently, dry needling is being practiced in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and other parts of the world.
1365:
A comparison of western trigger points to traditional acupuncture points corroborates the 92% correspondence. In 2011, The Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine published a position paper describing dry needling as an acupuncture technique.
1201:
to said act, the FDA definition applies to how the needles can be marketed and does not mean that acupuncture is the only medical procedure where these needles can be used. Dry needling using such a needle contrasts with the use of a hollow
1188:
never used an acupuncture needle. Travell had access to acupuncture needles but reasoned that they were far too thin for trigger point therapy. She preferred hypodermic needles because of their strength and tactile feedback: "A 22-
1136:
There is conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of dry needling. Some results suggest that it is an effective treatment for certain kinds of muscle pain, while other studies have shown no benefit compared to a
1117:, is a treatment technique used by various healthcare practitioners, including physical therapists, physicians, and chiropractors, among others. Acupuncturists usually maintain that dry needling is adapted from
1579:
Hall ML, Mackie AC, Ribeiro DC (2017). "Effects of dry needling trigger point therapy in the shoulder region on patients with upper extremity pain and dysfunction: a systematic review with meta-analysis".
1326:"Lax regulation and nonexistent standards surround this invasive practice. For patients' safety, practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians."
1266:
band of muscle contract. The LTR indicates the proper placement of the needle in a trigger point. Dry needling that elicits LTRs improves treatment outcomes, and may work by activating
1229:
improves pain control, reduces muscle tension, normalizes biochemical and electrical dysfunction of motor end plates, and facilitates an accelerated return to active rehabilitation.
1884:
Lucas N, Macaskill P, Irwig L, Moran R, Bogduk N (2009). "Reliability of physical examination for diagnosis of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review of the literature".
1935:
Tough EA, White AR, Richards S, Campbell J (2007). "Variability of criteria used to diagnose myofascial trigger point pain syndrome--evidence from a review of the literature".
1133:
defines dry needling as a technique used to treat dysfunction of skeletal muscle and connective tissue, minimize pain, and improve or regulate structural or functional damage.
1824:
1129:. Dry needling is mainly used to treat myofascial trigger points, but it is also used to target connective tissue, neural ailments, and muscular ailments. The
1093:
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injections. It involves the use of either solid filiform needles or hollow-core hypodermic needles for therapy of muscle pain, including pain related to
2198:"Safety Events and Privilege Utilization Rates in Advanced Practice Physical Therapy Compared to Traditional Primary Care: An Observational Study"
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in 1979. Lewit had noticed that the success of injections into trigger points in relieving pain was apparently unconnected to the analgesic used.
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1700:"The Effectiveness of Dry Needling on the Reduction of Proximal Upper Quadrant Pain Using Cohen's d: a Systematic Review"
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The debated distinction between dry needling and acupuncture has become a controversy because it relates to an issue of
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2058:"Effectiveness of dry needling for upper-quarter myofascial pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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2547:"Is dry needling effective for low back pain?: A systematic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis"
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Dorsher, PT (2006). "Trigger Points and Acupuncture Points: Anatomic and Clinical Correlations".
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2521:"Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Position Paper on Dry Needling"
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Myofascial pain and fibromyalgia syndromes: a clinical guide to diagnosis and management
2647:"Board Statement Relevant to Physical Therapist using the Intervention of Dry Needling"
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2526:. Baltimore, MD: Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. pp. 1–5
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2102:"Dry needling: a literature review with implications for clinical practice guidelines"
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2482:"Comparison between western trigger point of acupuncture and traditional acupoints"
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2306:"Pertinent Dry Needling Considerations for Minimizing Adverse Effects – Part Two"
2257:"Pertinent Dry Needling Considerations for Minimizing Adverse Effects – Part Two"
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1270:. The activation of the endogenous opioids is for an analgesic effect using the
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1983:"Dry needling: A critical commentary of its effectiveness and safety profile"
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Dry needling is considered invasive. Invasive treatments are associated with
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1558:"General provisions respecting control of devices intended for human use"
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Mabry LM, Notestine JP, Moore JH, Bleakley CM, Taylor JB (2019).
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2151:"The needle effect in the relief of myofascial pain"
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2444:
1329:Additional adverse effects of dry needling include
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Dry needling and infrared light on the back of body
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1578:
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2310:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
2261:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
1825:"Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain"
1370:physical therapy, or other combined treatments.
1404:
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2602:North Carolina Acupuncture Licensing Board
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1131:American Physical Therapy Association
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2447:Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur
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1987:Physiotherapy Practice and Research
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1422:Zhou K, Ma Y, Brogan MS (2015).
1036:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
38:
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1707:Journal Mississippi Academy Sci
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1295:
695:Water fluoridation controversy
651:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
1516:Crislip, Mark (27 May 2016).
1398:
1373:
1205:to inject substances such as
1066:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1051:Multiple chemical sensitivity
178:Biological terrain assessment
2242:American Medical Association
2167:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90142-8
1949:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31802fda7c
1898:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31817e13b6
1886:The Clinical Journal of Pain
1770:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90142-8
1594:10.1016/j.physio.2017.08.001
1476:"Trigger point dry needling"
1323:American Medical Association
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7:
2563:10.1097/MD.0000000000011225
1654:10.1097/md.0000000000011225
1441:10.1136/acupmed-2015-010911
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727:Alternative medical systems
356:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
122:Fringe medicine and science
10:
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2480:Peng, Zeng-fu (May 2008).
1698:Adah, F; Haung, M (2018).
1111:trigger point dry needling
737:Biologically based therapy
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2459:10.1016/j.dza.2009.01.001
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2062:J Orthop Sports Phys Ther
1495:10.1179/jmt.2006.14.4.70E
1150:Etymology and terminology
1144:
1115:intramuscular stimulation
361:Facilitated communication
1300:
1256:myofascial pain syndrome
1166:, Travell uses the term
1127:myofascial pain syndrome
1026:Candida hypersensitivity
208:Fake COVID-19 treatments
22:This article is part of
2519:Hobbs, Valerie (2011).
2075:10.2519/jospt.2013.4668
2030:"What Is Dry Needling?"
1349:Relation to acupuncture
1154:The origin of the term
700:COVID-19 misinformation
628:Young blood transfusion
508:Orthomolecular medicine
473:Mind–body interventions
143:Anthroposophic medicine
83:Rise of modern medicine
2604:. 2012. Archived from
1522:Science-Based Medicine
1231:
1184:
732:Mind–body intervention
683:MMR vaccine and autism
673:Vaccine misinformation
568:Rapid prompting method
2215:10.1093/milmed/usz176
1981:Gilmartin, S (2018).
1319:blood-borne infection
1226:
1182:
1061:Vertebral subluxation
1010:Alternative diagnoses
598:Thought Field Therapy
238:Vertebral subluxation
2669:Alternative medicine
2652:. November 20, 2009.
2397:. New York: Thieme.
1871:Trigger Point Manual
1311:cutaneous infections
1250:In the treatment of
1162:. In her 1983 book,
1031:Chronic Lyme disease
760:Traditional medicine
742:Manipulative methods
543:Postural Integration
406:Bach flower remedies
282:Craniosacral therapy
110:Therapeutic nihilism
55:Alternative medicine
32:Alternative medicine
2428:Medical Acupuncture
1272:gate control theory
1217:to the same point.
678:Vaccines and autism
668:Anti-vaccinationism
661:OPV AIDS hypothesis
463:Megavitamin therapy
376:Functional medicine
153:Applied kinesiology
49:General information
16:Alternative therapy
2208:(1–2): e290–e297.
1999:10.3233/PPR-180118
1393:Myofascial release
1321:transmission. The
1268:endogenous opioids
1185:
1175:Initial techniques
1046:Leaky gut syndrome
1021:Aerotoxic syndrome
958:Prophetic medicine
656:HIV/AIDS denialism
483:Myofascial release
391:Holistic dentistry
371:Feldenkrais Method
351:Estrogen dominance
277:Conversion therapy
1742:978-0-443-07003-7
1355:scope of practice
1331:cardiac tamponade
1254:for persons with
1203:hypodermic needle
1158:is attributed to
1104:
1103:
831:Chinese herbology
588:Scientific racism
553:Psychodermatology
458:Medical intuitive
438:Lightning Process
396:Hologram bracelet
344:Therapeutic touch
245:Christian Science
218:Cancer treatments
2701:
2689:Physical therapy
2654:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2628:. Archived from
2627:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1847:. Archived from
1820:
1814:
1813:
1806:SportEX Dynamics
1801:
1790:
1789:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1726:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1695:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1633:
1622:
1621:
1576:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1419:
1237:
1160:Janet G. Travell
1109:, also known as
1096:
1089:
1082:
846:Gill plate trade
608:Vaginal steaming
255:Colloidal silver
223:Charcoal cleanse
42:
19:
18:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2684:Pain management
2659:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2478:
2474:
2443:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2405:
2391:
2387:
2372:
2358:
2354:
2347:Qi-Unity Report
2343:
2339:
2302:
2298:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2194:
2190:
2147:
2143:
2098:
2091:
2054:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2022:
1979:
1972:
1933:
1929:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1831:(1): CD001351.
1821:
1817:
1802:
1793:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1727:
1718:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1634:
1625:
1577:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1420:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1376:
1351:
1303:
1298:
1285:
1244:
1235:
1215:corticosteroids
1207:saline solution
1198:
1177:
1152:
1147:
1100:
1071:
1070:
1016:Adrenal fatigue
1011:
1003:
1002:
777:Southern Africa
762:
752:
751:
722:
720:Classifications
712:
711:
688:in chiropractic
646:
638:
637:
558:Quantum healing
548:Psychic surgery
423:Ionized jewelry
386:Herbal medicine
334:Esoteric energy
324:Energy medicine
292:Cupping therapy
287:Crystal healing
260:Colon cleansing
198:Bowen technique
168:Auriculotherapy
123:
115:
114:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2635:on 2014-02-02.
2614:
2611:on 2013-09-27.
2586:
2557:(26): e11225.
2537:
2511:
2492:(5): 349–352.
2472:
2437:
2418:
2404:978-1588902214
2403:
2385:
2370:
2352:
2337:
2316:(5): 810–819.
2296:
2267:(4): 651–662.
2247:
2229:
2188:
2141:
2112:(4): 252–265.
2089:
2068:(9): 620–634.
2045:
2020:
1993:(2): 155–159.
1970:
1943:(3): 278–286.
1927:
1876:
1861:
1815:
1791:
1748:
1741:
1716:
1685:
1648:(26): e11225.
1623:
1588:(2): 167–177.
1566:
1534:
1518:"Dry needling"
1508:
1489:(4): E70–E87.
1463:
1434:(6): 485–490.
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1350:
1347:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1284:
1281:
1252:trigger points
1243:
1240:
1197:
1194:
1176:
1173:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
866:Pressure point
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
797:
796:
791:
781:
780:
779:
774:
763:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
747:Energy therapy
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:
697:
692:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
665:
664:
663:
653:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
633:Zero balancing
630:
625:
620:
618:Vision therapy
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
533:Parapsychology
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:Manual therapy
450:
448:Magnet therapy
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
409:
408:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
321:
316:
311:
310:
309:
302:Detoxification
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
268:
267:
257:
252:
247:
242:
241:
240:
235:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
106:
105:
95:
90:
85:
80:
79:(health fraud)
74:
69:
68:
67:
62:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2706:
2695:
2694:Pseudoscience
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2648:
2642:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2371:9780763752835
2367:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2244:. 2016-06-15.
2243:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:Phys Ther Rev
2103:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1851:on 2010-06-15
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1713:(2): 194–201.
1712:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Physiotherapy
1575:
1573:
1571:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:trigger point
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:Faith healing
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Bush medicine
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Balneotherapy
799:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
716:
715:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
696:
693:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
662:
659:
658:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:Controversies
642:
641:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Vegetotherapy
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:Ozone therapy
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
443:Lymphotherapy
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
381:Hair analysis
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
366:FasciaBlaster
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Correactology
327:
326:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
272:Colorpuncture
270:
266:
263:
262:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
250:Chromotherapy
248:
246:
243:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Alkaline diet
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
119:
118:
111:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
88:Pseudoscience
86:
84:
81:
78:
75:
73:
70:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2679:Chiropractic
2641:
2630:the original
2617:
2606:the original
2601:
2589:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2514:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2394:
2388:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2161:(1): 83–90.
2158:
2154:
2144:
2109:
2105:
2065:
2061:
2036:. Retrieved
2023:
1990:
1986:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1892:(1): 80–89.
1889:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1828:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1764:(1): 83–90.
1761:
1757:
1751:
1731:
1710:
1706:
1645:
1641:
1585:
1581:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1511:
1486:
1482:
1431:
1428:Acupunct Med
1427:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1328:
1315:pneumothorax
1304:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1264:
1249:
1245:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1199:
1186:
1168:dry needling
1167:
1163:
1156:dry needling
1155:
1153:
1135:
1114:
1110:
1107:Dry needling
1106:
1105:
983:Thai massage
953:Naftalan oil
826:Blood stasis
705:Turbo cancer
593:ThetaHealing
518:Osteomyology
418:Hypnotherapy
413:Hydrotherapy
319:Ear candling
314:Dry needling
313:
265:Coffee enema
228:Chiropractic
193:Bone-setting
173:Bates method
158:Aromatherapy
2674:Acupuncture
2453:(1): 9–14.
1937:Clin J Pain
1341:as well as
1296:Controversy
1260:Karel Lewit
1119:acupuncture
943:Mien Shiang
861:Moxibustion
573:Reflexology
498:Oil pulling
493:Naturopathy
433:Jilly Juice
213:Camel urine
183:Black salve
133:Acupuncture
128:Acupressure
93:Antiscience
65:Terminology
2663:Categories
2530:25 October
1855:2010-06-16
1399:References
1374:Regulation
1307:infections
1041:Heavy legs
998:Vietnamese
978:Sri Lankan
538:Phrenology
523:Osteopathy
513:Orthopathy
401:Homeopathy
307:Foot detox
203:Breathwork
148:Apitherapy
103:Scientific
98:Skepticism
2498:0255-2930
2380:263294988
2273:2159-2896
2175:0304-3959
2007:2213-0683
1906:0749-8047
1662:0025-7974
1618:207379169
1602:1873-1465
1527:7 October
1339:hepatitis
1242:Technique
963:Shamanism
948:Mongolian
923:Kayakalpa
898:Curandero
816:Cambodian
806:Brazilian
603:Urophagia
563:Radionics
468:Mesmerism
428:Iridology
2581:29952980
2551:Medicine
2506:18652327
2467:91446075
2413:68705630
2332:27757293
2291:27525188
2224:31322706
2136:25143704
2084:23756457
2038:24 April
2015:81141020
1965:30891217
1957:17314589
1922:11603020
1914:19158550
1845:15674876
1812:: 24–30.
1786:35930507
1680:29952980
1642:Medicine
1610:29439829
1503:72703587
1458:23799474
1450:26546163
1387:See also
1335:hematoma
1283:Efficacy
933:Japanese
876:San Jiao
856:Meridian
784:Ayurveda
623:Vitalism
188:Bodywork
77:Quackery
24:a series
2572:6242300
2323:5046974
2282:4970854
2202:Mil Med
2127:4117383
1671:6242300
1139:placebo
988:Tibetan
968:Shiatsu
913:Iranian
893:Chumash
886:Zang-fu
851:Long gu
841:Gua sha
821:Chinese
767:African
583:Rolfing
60:History
2579:
2569:
2504:
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2330:
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1963:
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1456:
1448:
1145:Origin
1056:PANDAS
973:Siddha
938:Korean
881:Tui na
836:Dit da
503:Orgone
2650:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2609:(PDF)
2598:(PDF)
2524:(PDF)
2463:S2CID
2033:(PDF)
2011:S2CID
1961:S2CID
1918:S2CID
1782:S2CID
1703:(PDF)
1614:S2CID
1561:(PDF)
1499:S2CID
1479:(PDF)
1454:S2CID
1301:Risks
1211:botox
1190:gauge
993:Unani
928:Kambo
908:Hilot
789:Dosha
339:Reiki
2577:PMID
2532:2021
2502:PMID
2494:ISSN
2434:: 3.
2409:OCLC
2399:ISBN
2376:OCLC
2366:ISBN
2328:PMID
2287:PMID
2269:ISSN
2220:PMID
2179:PMID
2171:ISSN
2155:Pain
2132:PMID
2080:PMID
2040:2024
2003:ISSN
1953:PMID
1910:PMID
1902:ISSN
1841:PMID
1774:PMID
1758:Pain
1737:ISBN
1676:PMID
1658:ISSN
1606:PMID
1598:ISSN
1529:2021
1446:PMID
1333:and
1309:and
1113:and
918:Jamu
794:MVAH
772:Muti
578:RBOP
488:NAET
2567:PMC
2559:doi
2455:doi
2318:PMC
2277:PMC
2210:doi
2206:185
2163:doi
2122:PMC
2114:doi
2070:doi
1995:doi
1945:doi
1894:doi
1833:doi
1766:doi
1666:PMC
1650:doi
1590:doi
1586:104
1491:doi
1436:doi
1343:HIV
1213:or
478:MMS
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