51:
156:
31:
822:
Robe, L. J., V. L. S. Valente, M. Budnik & E. L. S. Loreto 2005. Molecular phylogeny of the subgenus
Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) with an emphasis on Neotropical species and groups: a nuclear versus mitochondrial gene approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
698:
Davis, T., J. Kurihara, E. Yoshino & D. Yamamoto 2000. Genomic organisation of the neural sex determination gene fruitless (fru) in the
Hawaiian species Drosophila silvestris and the conservation of the fru BTB protein-protein-binding domain throughout evolution. Hereditas
688:
Da Lage, J.-L., G. J. Kergoat, F. Maczkowiak, J.-F. Silvain, M.-L. Cariou & D. Lachaise 2007. A phylogeny of
Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
872:
Yassin A, Araripe LO, Capy P, Da Lage J-L, Klaczko LB, Maisonhaute C, Ogereau D and David JR (2008) Grafting the molecular phylogenetic tree with morphological branches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus
Zaprionus (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
161:
160:
157:
162:
755:
Katoh, T., K. Tamura & T. Aotsuka 2000. Phylogenetic position of the subgenus
Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 51(2):
159:
745:
Kambysellis, M. P., K. F. Ho, E. M. Craddock, F. Piano, M. Parisi & J. Cohen 1995. Pattern of ecological shifts in the diversification of
Hawaiian Drosophila inferred from a molecular phylogeny. Current Biology 5(10):
774:
Kwiatowski, J., M. Krawczyk, M. Jaworski, D. Skarecky & F. J. Ayala 1997. Erratic evolution of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in
Drosophila, Chymomyza, and Ceratitis. Journal of Molecular Evolution 44(1):
784:
Kwiatowski, J., D. Skarecky, K. Bailey & F. J. Ayala 1994. Phylogeny of
Drosophila and related genera inferred from the nucleotide sequence of the Cu,Zn Sod gene. Journal of Molecular Evolution 38(5):
717:
Gailey, D. A., S. K. Ho, S. Ohshima, J. H. Liu, M. Eyassu, M. A. Washington, D. Yamamoto & T. Davis 2000. A phylogeny of the
Drosophilidae using the sex-behaviour gene fruitless. Hereditas 133(1):
812:
Remsen, J. & P. O'Grady 2002. Phylogeny of
Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with comments on combined analysis and character support. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24(2):
841:
Tatarenkov, A., J. Kwiatowski, D. Skarecky, E. Barrio & F. J. Ayala 1999. On the evolution of Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and Drosophila systematics. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48(4):
765:
Kwiatowski, J. & F. J. Ayala 1999. Phylogeny of Drosophila and related genera: conflict between molecular and anatomical analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13(2): 319-328.
736:
Hu, Y.-G. & M. J. Toda 2002. Cladistic analysis of the genus Dichaetophora Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and a revised classification. Insect Systematics and Evolution 33: 91-102.
803:
Remsen, J. & R. DeSalle 1998. Character congruence of multiple data partitions and the origin of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(2): 225-235.
860:
Thomas, R. H. & J. A. Hunt 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in Drosophila: a conflict between molecular and morphological data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10(2): 362-374.
158:
851:
Tatarenkov, A., M. Zurovcova & F. J. Ayala 2001. Ddc and sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships of Drosophila. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20(2): 321-325.
708:
DeSalle, R. 1992. The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the family Drosophilidae deduced from mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1: 31-40.
832:
Russo, C. A. M., N. Takezaki & M. Nei 1995. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of drosophilid species. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12(3): 391-404.
727:
Hu, Y. G. & M. J. Toda 2001. Polyphyly of Lordiphosa and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Systematic Entomology 26(1): 15-31.
794:
Pélandakis, M. & M. Solignac 1993. Molecular phylogeny of Drosophila based on ribosomal RNA sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 37(5): 525-543.
475:
515:
400:
392:
424:
384:
580:
360:
304:
254:
491:
336:
328:
262:
146:
646:
572:
467:
352:
344:
142:
1045:
609:
523:
440:
675:
Beverley, S. M. & A. C. Wilson 1984. Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher Diptera. II. A time scale for fly evolution.
555:
432:
312:
278:
638:
448:
376:
270:
630:
296:
1019:
1024:
998:
1050:
1011:
676:
1032:
50:
944:
658:
922:
1076:
1099:
884:
1071:
1063:
931:
8:
45:
936:
1058:
980:
949:
601:
233:
199:
985:
416:
483:
368:
127:
1037:
1006:
993:
907:
507:
408:
1093:
183:
112:
213:
959:
916:
972:
539:
499:
456:
204:
187:
547:
320:
237:
179:
82:
62:
878:
967:
901:
531:
92:
72:
229:
30:
202:. Most of these studies are limited to species of the genus
198:
Many molecular studies have addressed small parts of the
102:
236:is at least reasonably well supported by existing
1091:
657:For species within the various genera, see
29:
868:
866:
232:. Position of the bolded species in the
154:
1092:
863:
883:
882:
1012:50ba9458-b7fc-4b9f-9df9-1cecbca1cad2
13:
14:
1111:
460:including the following genera:
49:
854:
845:
835:
826:
816:
806:
797:
788:
778:
768:
759:
749:
739:
730:
721:
711:
702:
692:
682:
677:Journal of Molecular Evolution
669:
567:Infratribe: Laccodrosophiliti
1:
663:
186:. The other subfamily is the
228:, are positioned within the
193:
7:
216:as several genera, such as
10:
1116:
891:
291:Infratribe: Drosophiliti
247:Subtribe: Colocasiomyina
140:
135:
46:Scientific classification
44:
37:
28:
23:
288:Subtribe: Drosophilina
170:species (video, 2m 56s)
171:
1072:Paleobiology Database
591:Tribe: Cladochaetini
166:Mating behavior of a
165:
1007:Fauna Europaea (new)
243:Tribe: Drosophilini
516:Paramycodrosophila
172:
16:Subfamily of flies
1087:
1086:
1059:Open Tree of Life
885:Taxon identifiers
393:Paraliodrosophila
234:phylogenetic tree
200:phylogenetic tree
163:
153:
152:
131:
1107:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1040:
1038:NBNSYS0100024656
1028:
1027:
1015:
1014:
1002:
1001:
989:
988:
976:
975:
963:
962:
953:
952:
940:
939:
927:
926:
925:
912:
911:
910:
880:
879:
874:
870:
861:
858:
852:
849:
843:
839:
833:
830:
824:
820:
814:
810:
804:
801:
795:
792:
786:
782:
776:
772:
766:
763:
757:
753:
747:
743:
737:
734:
728:
725:
719:
715:
709:
706:
700:
696:
690:
686:
680:
673:
425:Sphaerogastrella
417:Scaptodrosophila
385:Neotanygastrella
178:are the largest
164:
126:
54:
53:
33:
21:
20:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1005:
997:
992:
984:
979:
971:
966:
958:
956:
948:
943:
935:
930:
921:
920:
915:
906:
905:
900:
887:
877:
871:
864:
859:
855:
850:
846:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:36(3): 623-640
821:
817:
811:
807:
802:
798:
793:
789:
783:
779:
773:
769:
764:
760:
754:
750:
744:
740:
735:
731:
726:
722:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:132(1): 67-78.
697:
693:
687:
683:
674:
670:
666:
620:Tribe unknown:
581:Laccodrosophila
484:Hirtodrosophila
369:Microdrosophila
196:
155:
145:
125:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1003:
994:Fauna Europaea
990:
977:
964:
954:
941:
928:
913:
897:
895:
889:
888:
876:
875:
862:
853:
844:
834:
825:
815:
805:
796:
787:
777:
767:
758:
748:
738:
729:
720:
710:
701:
691:
689:45(1): 47-63.
681:
667:
665:
662:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
642:
634:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
613:
605:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
584:
576:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
551:
543:
535:
527:
519:
511:
508:Mycodrosophila
503:
495:
487:
479:
471:
452:
444:
436:
428:
420:
412:
409:Protochymomyza
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
305:Calodrosophila
300:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
274:
266:
258:
255:Baeodrosophila
195:
192:
151:
150:
138:
137:
133:
132:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
42:
41:
39:Drosophila sp.
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Drosophilinae
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1112:
1101:
1100:Drosophilidae
1098:
1097:
1095:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
950:DROSOPHILINAE
946:
942:
938:
937:Drosophilinae
933:
929:
924:
923:Drosophilinae
918:
914:
909:
903:
899:
898:
896:
894:
893:Drosophilinae
890:
886:
881:
869:
867:
857:
848:
838:
829:
819:
809:
800:
791:
781:
771:
762:
752:
742:
733:
724:
714:
705:
695:
685:
678:
672:
668:
661:
660:
649:
648:
643:
641:
640:
635:
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632:
627:
626:
625:
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623:
622:
621:
612:
611:
606:
604:
603:
598:
597:
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595:
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593:
592:
583:
582:
577:
575:
574:
569:
568:
566:
558:
557:
552:
550:
549:
544:
542:
541:
536:
534:
533:
528:
526:
525:
520:
518:
517:
512:
510:
509:
504:
502:
501:
496:
494:
493:
492:Liodrosophila
488:
486:
485:
480:
478:
477:
476:Dichaetophora
472:
470:
469:
464:
463:
462:
461:
459:
458:
453:
451:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
435:
434:
429:
427:
426:
421:
419:
418:
413:
411:
410:
405:
403:
402:
397:
395:
394:
389:
387:
386:
381:
379:
378:
373:
371:
370:
365:
363:
362:
357:
355:
354:
349:
347:
346:
341:
339:
338:
337:Hypselothyrea
333:
331:
330:
329:Dicladochaeta
325:
323:
322:
317:
315:
314:
309:
307:
306:
301:
299:
298:
293:
292:
290:
289:
287:
281:
280:
275:
273:
272:
267:
265:
264:
263:Colocasiomyia
259:
257:
256:
251:
250:
249:
248:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
201:
191:
189:
185:
184:Drosophilidae
181:
177:
176:Drosophilinae
169:
149:
148:
147:Cladochaetini
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
123:Drosophilinae
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:Drosophilidae
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
892:
856:
847:
837:
828:
818:
808:
799:
790:
780:
770:
761:
751:
741:
732:
723:
713:
704:
694:
684:
671:
656:
645:
637:
629:
619:
608:
600:
590:
579:
573:Zapriothrica
571:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
474:
468:Dettopsomyia
466:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
401:Poliocephala
399:
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
353:Lissocephala
351:
345:Jeannelopsis
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
277:
269:
261:
253:
242:
225:
221:
217:
214:paraphyletic
209:
208:. The genus
203:
197:
175:
173:
167:
143:Drosophilini
141:
122:
38:
18:
917:Wikispecies
873:47:903-915.
610:Diathoneura
602:Cladochaeta
524:Phorticella
441:Tambourella
119:Subfamily:
746:1129-1139.
679:21: 1-13.
664:References
556:Zygothrica
540:Scaptomyza
500:Lordiphosa
457:Drosophila
433:Styloptera
313:Celidosoma
279:Palmophila
240:evidence.
226:Lordiphosa
222:Scaptomyza
210:Drosophila
205:Drosophila
188:Steganinae
83:Arthropoda
639:Collessia
548:Zaprionus
449:Zaropunis
377:Mulgravea
361:Marquesia
321:Chymomyza
271:Palmomyia
238:molecular
218:Zaprionus
194:Phylogeny
180:subfamily
168:Chymomyza
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1094:Category
968:BugGuide
957:BioLib:
908:Q1758207
902:Wikidata
842:445-462.
813:249-264.
785:443-454.
756:122-130.
659:Taxodros
109:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
644:Genus:
636:Genus:
631:Miomyia
628:Genus:
607:Genus:
599:Genus:
578:Genus:
570:Genus:
553:Genus:
545:Genus:
537:Genus:
532:Samoaia
529:Genus:
521:Genus:
513:Genus:
505:Genus:
497:Genus:
489:Genus:
481:Genus:
473:Genus:
465:Genus:
454:Genus:
446:Genus:
438:Genus:
430:Genus:
422:Genus:
414:Genus:
406:Genus:
398:Genus:
390:Genus:
382:Genus:
374:Genus:
366:Genus:
358:Genus:
350:Genus:
342:Genus:
334:Genus:
326:Genus:
318:Genus:
310:Genus:
302:Genus:
294:Genus:
276:Genus:
268:Genus:
260:Genus:
252:Genus:
182:in the
136:Tribes
128:Rondani
103:Diptera
99:Order:
93:Insecta
89:Class:
1077:226230
1064:127994
1025:146186
973:714852
960:429231
718:81-83.
647:Balara
297:Bialba
130:, 1856
1051:43845
999:61295
986:99CZM
775:9-22.
230:genus
1046:NCBI
1020:ITIS
224:and
174:The
1033:NBN
981:CoL
945:AFD
932:ADW
212:is
1096::
1074::
1061::
1048::
1035::
1022::
1009::
996::
983::
970::
947::
934::
919::
904::
865:^
220:,
190:.
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