61:
174:
1170:
205:), a leading drink packaging and drink can producer. The popularity of canned drinks was slow to catch on, as the metallic taste was difficult to overcome with the interior liner not perfected, especially with more acidic sodas. Cans had two advantages over glass bottles. First for the distributors, flat-top cans were more compact for transportation and storage and weighed less than bottles. Second for consumers, they did not require the deposit typically paid for bottles, as they were discarded after use. Glass-bottle deposits were reimbursed when consumers took the empties back to the store.
1149:
can, and then crimped in two operations. A seaming head engages the lid from above while a seaming roller to the side curls the edge of the lid around the edge of the can body. The head and roller spin the can in a complete circle to seal all the way around. Then a pressure roller with a different profile drives the two edges together under pressure to make a gas-tight seal. Filled cans usually have pressurized gas inside, which makes them stiff enough for easy handling. Without the riveted tab the scored section of the can's end would be impossible to lift from the can.
1332:
1350:
1698:
53:
1017:
1533:
1197:
to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. Previously, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there must be an easier way, he stayed up all night until he came up with the pull tab. Pull-tab cans, or the discarded tabs from them, were colloquially called "pop-tops".
585:, standard cans are 330 ml (reduced in the early 2000s from the up-until-then ubiquitous 340 ml) and the promotional size is 440 ml. There is also the 500 ml can. A smaller 200 ml can is used for "mixers" such as tonic or soda water. It has a smaller diameter than the other cans. In September 2018, a 300 ml can was introduced as an alternative to the 330 ml can in a continued effort to reduce the amount of sugar consumed in soft drinks.
645:
4671:
1234:
1088:
956:
241:
209:
1162:
789:, the standard can size is 12 US fl oz or 355 ml. The US standard can is 4.83 in or 12.3 cm high, 2.13 in or 5.41 cm in diameter at the lid, and 2.6 in or 6.60 cm in diameter at the widest point of the body. Also available are 16 US fl oz or 473 ml cans (known as tallboys or, referring to the weight, "pounders"), and 18 US fl oz or 532 ml.
1393:
888:
1621:
805:(341 ml), later redefined and labelled as 341 ml in 1980. This size was commonly used with steel drink cans in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s upon the conversion from steel to aluminum. Some drinks, such as Nestea, are sold in 341 ml cans.
1020:
1019:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1025:
157:
was the first brewery outside the US to commercially can beer. Prior to this time, beer had been available only in barrels or in glass bottles. From this time, lightweight tin cans could be used. Felinfoel was a major supplier to
British armed forces abroad in the Second World War. Cans saved a great
1152:
Can filling lines come in different line speeds from 15,000 cans per hour (cph) up to 120,000 cph or more, all with different levels of automation. For example, lid feeding alone starts with manual debagging onto a simple v-chute connected to the seamer up to fully automated processes with automatic
918:
In 2001, the
Australian Aluminium Council reported that the average Australian-size can weighed approximately 14.9 grams (0.53 oz). Improved manufacturing techniques had allowed Australian manufacturers to reduce metal requirements from the 1992 average of 16.55 grams (0.584 oz). In 2011,
673:, beer cans are 320 ml. For soft drinks in both Malaysia and Singapore, the most commonly found cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated drinks and 325 ml for carbonated drinks. Larger 330 ml/350 ml cans are limited to imported drinks which usually cost a lot more than local ones.
1598:
The beverage container can be recycled, and clean aluminum has residual market value, but recycled cans still need to be diluted by up to 50% virgin aluminum because the sides and tops of the can are of different alloys. The acronym UBC, for used beverage container, is employed by such companies as
1208:
cans in the mid-1970s, the push-tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull-tab. It needed no ring to pull up; instead, the raised aluminum blister was pushed down into the can using one finger. A small unscored section of the tab prevented it from detaching and falling into the
1200:
Into the 1970s the pull-tab was widely popular, but its popularity came with the problem of people frequently simply discarding the pull-tabs on the ground, creating a potential injury risk especially to the feet or fingers. In the 1960s, at least one inventor attempted to solve the litter problem,
1196:
devised a can-opening method that would come to dominate the canned drink market. His invention was the "pull-tab". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminum pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted
926:
can be recovered by turning in empty plastic, glass, and aluminum containers. Scrap metal dealers often purchase aluminum cans in bulk, even when deposits are not offered. Aluminum is one of the most cost-effective materials to recycle. When recycled without other metals being mixed in, the can–lid
1404:
was awarded the patent for a "Lid closure for can containers". Bajada's invention was the first design to keep the opening tab connected to the lid of the can, preventing it from falling into the contents of the can. His patent expired in 1975 and has been directly cited in the mechanisms used by
1148:
Cans are filled before the top is crimped on by seamers. To speed up the production process filling and sealing operations need to be extremely precise. The filling head centers the can using gas pressure, purges the air, and lets the drink flow down the sides of the can. The lid is placed on the
2706:
1050:
to give it strength and formability. The flat blank is first formed into a cup about three inches in diameter. This cup is then pushed through a different forming process called "ironing" which forms the can. The bottom of the can is also shaped at this time. The malleable metal deforms into the
1611:
Most large companies serve their beverages in printed cans, where designs are printed on the aluminum and then crafted into a can. Alternatively, cans can be wrapped with a plastic design, mimicking the printed can but allowing for more flexibility than printed cans. A modern-day trend in craft
1523:
in the 1970s. They have since been replaced with pull tabs. Used in
Australia, locally known as "pop-tops", for soft drinks from 1977 to the early 1980s. However, Heineken Brewery did bring back press- or push button cans on the market in Europe as a short-lived marketing strategy in the 1990s.
134:. Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing drinks in cans was the interior liner, typically plastic or sometimes a waxy substance, that helped to keep the product's flavor from being ruined by a
1511:
drink. The consumer would open the can by depressing both buttons, which would result in two holes. The small hole would act as a vent to relieve internal pressure so the larger button could then be pressed down to create the hole used for consuming the drink. Consumers could also easily cut
1213:
problem of the pull-tab, they created a safety hazard where the person's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. A feature of the push-tab Coors Beer cans was that they had a second, smaller, push-tab at the top as an airflow vent.
1022:
1986:
1214:"Push-tabs" were introduced into Australia from around 1977 and were locally known as "pop-tops", before being replaced later by the Stay-on-tab. The safety and litter problems were eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing "Stay-Tab".
170:", that latched onto the top rim for leverage; lifting the handle would force the sharp tip through the top of the can, cutting a triangular hole. A smaller second hole was usually punched at the opposite side of the top to admit air while pouring, allowing the liquid to flow freely.
1026:
697:, 250 ml cans are the most common for soft drinks, but when accompanying take-out food (such as pizza or chicken), a short 245 ml can is standard. Recently, some 355 ml cans which are similar to North American cans are increasingly available, but are limited mostly to
1636:
in the late 1970s and 1990s. However, the hobby waned rapidly in popularity. The Beer Can
Collectors of America (BCCA), founded in 1970, was an organization supporting the hobby, but has now renamed itself Brewery Collectibles Club of America to be more modern.
2710:
829:, a new standard for carbonated drinks has been added, as some grocery stores now only sell cans of all major carbonated drinks in six-packs of 222 ml cans. Many convenience stores also began selling "slim cans" with a 310 ml capacity in 2015.
1368:
1478:
The Stay-On-Tab (SOT) opening system resolved the ecological problem of the previous pull-tab system. It opened up another issue, still unresolved today, about hygiene: today the outside panel of the tab goes inside the can, sinking in the liquid.
938:. Despite this coating, trace amounts of aluminum can be degraded into the liquid, the amount depending on factors such as storage temperature and liquid composition. Chemical compounds used in the internal coating of the can include types of
189:", as their tops had a conical taper up to the smaller diameter of the cap. Cone top cans were sealed by the same crimped caps that were put on bottles, and could be opened with the same bottle-opener tool. There were three types of conetops:
2494:
2475:
2551:
165:
Canned drinks were factory-sealed and required a special opener tool in order to consume the contents. Cans were typically formed as cylinders, having a flat top and bottom. They required a can piercer, colloquially known as a
2532:
2513:
1188:
As early as 1922, inventors were applying for patents on cans with tab tops, but the technology of the time made these inventions impractical. Later advancements saw the ends of the can made out of aluminum instead of steel.
1842:
201:. The low profile and j-spout were the earliest, dating from about 1935. The "crowntainer" was a different type of can that was drawn steel with a bottom cap. These were developed by Crown Cork & Seal (now known as
2603:
1640:
As of late 2009, membership in the
Brewery Collectibles Club of America was 3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59.
1506:
One variation was the press button can, which featured two pre-cut buttons—one small and one large—in the top of the can sealed with a plastic membrane. These buttons were held closed by the outward pressure of the
846:, the standard can size for alcoholic and soft drinks is 375 ml. Energy drinks and some soft drinks are served in 250 ml and 500 ml sizes. Some beers are produced in 330 ml and 500 ml cans.
1021:
1265:), which had a ring attached at the rivet for pulling, and which would come off completely to be discarded. He received US Patent No. 3,349,949 for his pull-top can design in 1963 and licensed his invention to
1455:
and Omar Brown. Its patent application was also filed in 1975, less than two months after the expiration of Bajada's patent. This design, like Cudzik's, uses a separate tab attached to the upper surface as a
1366:
162:(beer bottle top). From the 18th century until the early 20th century Wales dominated world tinplate production, peaking in the early 1890s when 80% of the world's tinplate was produced in south Wales.
2905:
1584:
Another variation on the drink can is to have a resealable lid. A version patented by Cogito Can in France has been used by Groupe Casino, the French grocery chain for its private label energy drink.
927:
combination is perfect for producing new stock for the main part of the can—the loss of magnesium during melting is made up for by the high magnesium content of the lid. Also, reducing ores such as
1051:
shape of an open-top can. With the sophisticated technology of the dies and the forming machines, the side of the can is thinner than either the top and bottom areas, where stiffness is required.
617:, most cans are 330 ml – in the past they were usually 355 or 350 ml. 200 ml has also become available. Some beers and coffees are, respectively, sold with 500 ml and 250 ml cans.
1367:
158:
deal of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles and did not have to be returned for refilling. These early cans did not have a pull tab, being equipped instead with a
605:
Can dimensions may be cited in metric or imperial units; imperial dimensions for can making are written as inches+sixteenths of an inch (e.g. "202" = 2 inches + 2 sixteenths).
2637:
45:
1834:
1464:
part of the lid, which folds underneath the top of the can and out of the way of the resulting opening, thus reducing injuries and roadside litter caused by removable tabs.
1443:
1432:
2195:
Lopez, F.; Cabrera, C.; Lorenzo, M. L.; López, M. C. (2002). "Aluminum content of drinking waters, fruit juices and soft drinks: contribution to dietary intake".
56:
The stay-tab opening mechanism characteristic of most drinking cans since the mid-1980s. The 'wide-mouth' version, seen here, was introduced in the late 1990s.
2669:
1421:, filed a design patent application for an "End closure for a container". This later became known as a "Sta-Tab". When the Sta-Tab launched in 1975, on
1359:
1425:
and, quickly, other drinks, there was an initial period of consumer testing and education. Cudzik later received patents for this "Easy Open Wall" (
1185:
with a sharp point. The can was opened by punching two triangular holes in the lid—a large one for drinking, and a second smaller one to admit air.
2063:
1864:
3125:
2411:
2802:
2511:, Dalli, Alan George; Debenham, Michael & Schackleford, Ralph Edward, "Push-in easy-opening closures", issued 1976-07-20
2828:
1936:
4259:
2688:
2644:
1544:
Another variation on the drink can is the "full aperture end", where the entire lid can be removed – turning an aluminum can into a cup.
2854:
1724:
903:. Steel cans often have a top made of aluminum. Beverage containers are made of two different aluminum alloys. The body is made of the
4169:
2492:, Kneusel, Raymond H. P. & Potts, Vinson S., "Easy opening can end having a closure plug", issued 1977-05-24
185:
In the mid-1930s, some cans were developed with caps so that they could be opened and poured more like a bottle. These were called "
2742:
2730:
1225:
boxes, or trays covered with plastic film. The entire distribution system and packaging need to be controlled to ensure freshness.
641:, 320 ml cans were introduced for domestically produced beer in 2018. Carbonated soft drink cans are typically 330 ml.
817:, the standard size is 355 ml, although smaller 235 ml cans have gained popularity in the late 2010s and early 2020s.
568:
The standard size of drink cans in each country significantly varies, and various standard capacities are used internationally.
3018:
2777:
1201:
by having the tab be retained by a stationary key that would wrap the tab around itself, which was unsuccessful commercially.
3008:
2113:
2086:
919:
an empty U.S.-size can weighed approximately one-half ounce (14 g), with approximately 34 per pound or 70 per kilogram.
737:
In Europe, the standard can is 330 ml, but since the 1990s 250 ml has slowly become common for energy drinks (e.g.
2961:
2391:
Singh, S. P.; Gorzynski (July 1989). "Effect of
Vibration as a Cause of Leakage in aluminum Beer Cans in Palletized Loads".
1038:
process that starts with punching a flat blank from very stiff cold-rolled sheet. This sheet is typically alloy 3104-H19 or
3571:
2259:
1494:
have owned wide mouth design patent (number D385,192) since 1997. Other companies have similar designs for the wide mouth.
3080:
2168:
Vela, M.; Toma, R. B.; Reiboldt, W.; Pierri, A. (1998). "Detection of aluminum residue in fresh and stored canned beer".
2311:
305:
4555:
2855:"Sly Fox Beer Opens Up Flavor and Aroma with the 360 Lid | Sly Fox Beer Phoenixville & Pottstown Pennsylvania"
1482:
One of the more recent modifications to can design was the introduction of the "wide mouth" can in the late 1990s. The
741:), along with 500 ml, often used for beers and sometimes for soft drinks too (particularly in wholesale supply).
277:
4694:
4525:
3373:
3026:
1135:
1003:
324:
2906:"Apple Patents reveal how the Aluminum Unibody MacBook Enclosure is made from Recycled Pop and Beer Cans & more"
2530:, Dalli, A.; Debenham, M. & Schackleford, R., "Push-in easy-opening closures", issued 1973-09-18
1117:
985:
4714:
4495:
2285:
2031:
139:
899:, whereas in some parts of Europe and Asia approximately 55 percent are made of steel and 45 percent are aluminum
4229:
4083:
3928:
1810:
1414:
1249:, Ontario, Canada invented the pull tab version for bottles in or before 1951 (Canadian patent 476789). In 1962,
284:
60:
2763:
1498:'s from 2008 has a vent tube to allow direct airflow into the can reducing the number of gulps during the pour.
116:(25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year.
4334:
1113:
981:
262:
216:
In 1959, the recyclable aluminum can was introduced to the market in a 7 oz. size by the Adolph Coors
Company.
1612:
alcohol is to design stickers to put on cans, allowing for smaller batches and quick changes for new flavors.
1153:
debagging and lid feeding of lids combined with automatic roll depalletizers for filling debaggers by robots.
4445:
3398:
923:
3601:
2919:
2348:
1204:
The problem of the discarded tops was initially solved by the invention of the push-tab. Used primarily on
291:
4490:
4374:
3606:
3388:
1066:
that converts them to easy-open ends. This press is known as a conversion press which forms an integral
931:
into aluminum requires large amounts of electricity, making recycling cheaper than producing new metal.
4699:
4133:
2879:
1422:
1270:
1109:
977:
258:
1438:
1427:
661:, the most common sizes are 350 ml and 500 ml, while larger and smaller cans are also sold.
273:
4588:
4550:
4480:
4470:
3408:
3268:
3195:
3110:
2147:
1209:
can after being pushed in. Push-tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the
4475:
4344:
3943:
3363:
3333:
3223:
1835:"Molson Coors Celebrates the 50th Anniversary of the Aluminum Can Introduced by Bill Coors in 1959"
1098:
966:
173:
20:
1911:
4709:
4505:
4128:
4048:
3908:
3436:
3073:
3044:
2985:
2806:
1573:
1102:
1055:
970:
908:
251:
4224:
3933:
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3368:
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2585:
2103:
1169:
4653:
4603:
4583:
4530:
3863:
3813:
3536:
3531:
3190:
3180:
3155:
2858:
1520:
1491:
1222:
685:, the most common sizes are 250 ml and 330 ml, and 200 ml cans are also sold.
85:
1417:. Approximately one month after Bajada's patent expired, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with
4623:
4485:
4013:
3328:
3160:
2204:
1561:
1483:
1246:
912:
904:
1296:
noted cases of children ingesting pull-tabs that had broken off and dropped into the can.
8:
4510:
4319:
4118:
3958:
3838:
3298:
1593:
1553:
1257:, United States, invented the similar integral rivet and pull-tab version (also known as
1071:
1070:
button in the lid and scores the opening, while concurrently forming the tabs in another
1039:
2803:"AB InBev and Crown Say "Gan Bei!" to a New Packaging Format | Crown Holdings, Inc"
2208:
1961:
1889:
4704:
4675:
4638:
4598:
4450:
4359:
4324:
4274:
4159:
3868:
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2057:
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298:
131:
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3004:
2452:
2448:
2220:
2109:
2082:
2039:
1774:
1655:
178:
146:
135:
16:
Container specifically made for liquid such as beverages and usually made of aluminum
2980:
2102:
Askeland, Donald R.; Haddleton, Frank; Green, Phil; Robertson, Howard (2013-11-11).
4658:
4648:
4465:
4294:
4249:
4209:
4199:
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3978:
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3656:
3551:
3526:
3441:
3393:
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3120:
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2781:
2444:
2212:
2177:
2030:@tnichss, Tess Nichol Reporter, NZ Herald tess nichol@nzherald co nz (2017-09-21).
1754:
1680:
1495:
1286:
1238:
859:
113:
65:
2598:
2549:, Anthony, Bajada, "Lid closure for can containers", issued 1959-05-12
2527:
2508:
2489:
2473:, Anthony, Bajada, "Lid closure for can containers", issued 1958-07-08
2470:
4618:
4613:
4593:
4515:
4435:
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4354:
4309:
4244:
4214:
3968:
3953:
3858:
3753:
3651:
3248:
3145:
3003:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
2965:
2546:
1650:
1472:
1418:
1262:
219:
In 2008, an aluminum version of the crowntainer design was adopted for packaging
89:
31:
2933:
2263:
2238:
717:
beer uses 320 ml cans for domestic sales and 330 ml cans for exports.
4578:
4573:
4545:
4395:
4369:
4364:
4254:
4174:
4164:
4078:
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224:
202:
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4349:
4339:
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4073:
4043:
3988:
3713:
3576:
3323:
3150:
3130:
2670:"Public Eye; Wide-mouth design: less glug in beer, more chug in Mountain Dew"
2043:
1690:
1182:
1063:
786:
52:
4179:
4108:
4038:
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3413:
3313:
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2224:
1702:
1670:
1557:
1532:
1254:
582:
105:
27:
84:) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as
4460:
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4299:
4088:
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3948:
3913:
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3883:
3823:
3803:
3748:
3671:
3486:
3418:
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3353:
3238:
2456:
1660:
1540:
uses "topless" cans where the entire lid is removed when opening the can.
1452:
1316:
1312:
1250:
1193:
1177:
Early metal drink cans had no tabs; they were opened by a can-piercer or
939:
855:
694:
644:
125:
93:
2601:, Brown, Omar L., "Easy-open ecology end", issued 1977-06-21
2435:
Burrington, JD (1976). "Aluminum "pop tops". A hazard to child health".
1766:
4540:
4520:
4410:
4279:
4204:
4093:
4008:
3873:
3833:
3808:
3773:
3743:
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3591:
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3278:
3253:
3233:
3175:
1758:
1629:
1600:
1537:
1508:
1380:
1218:
1205:
265: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
167:
159:
101:
26:"Pop cap" and "Pop top" redirect here. For the software companies, see
1448:). The validity of these patents was upheld in subsequent litigation.
138:
with the metal. Another major factor for the timing was the repeal of
4633:
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4234:
4123:
4113:
4103:
4058:
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1047:
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935:
843:
726:
702:
698:
638:
614:
220:
150:
64:
Can of
Belgian Pils represented on a mural of the railway station of
2367:"Ring pull can introduced in USA - Australian food history timeline"
2032:"Coke responds to can shrink story, says price decrease recommended"
1087:
955:
895:
Most metal drink cans manufactured in the United States are made of
240:
208:
4455:
4405:
4314:
4184:
4143:
3973:
3898:
3888:
3793:
3728:
3631:
3616:
3561:
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3378:
3343:
3243:
1937:"Teeny weeny Coca-Cola Mini Can makes its in-store Hong Kong debut"
1308:
1304:
1161:
1059:
896:
682:
670:
186:
109:
2566:"Patent US D244915 - End closure for a container - Google Patents"
2010:
1392:
4194:
4189:
4138:
3848:
3596:
3451:
1745:
1512:
themselves on the edges of the holes or get their fingers stuck.
1300:
1277:
cans. The first soft drinks to be sold in all-aluminum cans were
1035:
934:
Aluminum cans are coated internally to protect the aluminum from
928:
777:, energy drinks are usually sold in sizes of 200 to 330 ml.
774:
765:, 330 ml and 440 ml fat cans are used for soft drinks.
762:
738:
69:
44:
38:
2981:"Behold the Beer Can, Its Beauty Faded in the Eyes of the Young"
2129:
1396:
A "standard" size can open, once common in American soft drinks.
629:, 250 ml, 300 ml, 330 ml, 350 ml and 500 ml cans are available.
4608:
3993:
3691:
3556:
3521:
3516:
3491:
3471:
2101:
1569:
1516:
1467:
Such "retained ring-pull" cans supplanted pull-off tabs in the
1451:
The similarly designed "Easy-open ecology end" was invented by
1210:
887:
876:
826:
814:
798:
714:
3039:
2188:
2161:
1865:"Smaller soft drink sizes leave bitter taste of shrinkflation"
3998:
3918:
3818:
3541:
1565:
1487:
1457:
1266:
1067:
1030:
Video describing the design and manufacture of aluminum cans.
900:
658:
626:
599:
154:
130:
The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in
3058:
2883:
1620:
1603:
for reference to the material of its portable laptop cases.
3828:
3768:
3506:
2618:"Patent US4030631 - Easy-open ecology end - Google Patents"
2743:"Press Button Can — A Brief History of Flat Top Beer Cans"
2355:. (Idaho). (advertisement). December 21, 1976. p. 8B.
862:
changed some of its canned drinks to 330 ml in 2017.
3923:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3496:
3466:
2526:
2507:
1633:
1410:
97:
2920:"Canning Your Brands: Shrink Wraps & Sticker Labels"
2689:"COMPANY NEWS; REXAM TO BUY AMERICAN NATIONAL CAN GROUP"
2194:
1034:
Modern cans are generally produced through a mechanical
1062:, typically alloy 5182-H48, and transferred to another
37:"Pop can" redirects here. For the Jamaican singer, see
2167:
2962:"Brewery Collectibles Club of America - Club History"
2312:"When and why did breweries stop using pop-top cans?"
2231:
1790:"Llanelli's Felinfoel brewery pioneered beer in cans"
1273:, the latter of which first introduced the design on
753:, 440 ml is commonly used for lager and cider.
2336:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office
2239:"Precoating of aluminum can sheet - Patent 3832962"
1719:
1717:
1624:A collection of drink cans in Dunsmuir, California
1292:The early pull-tabs detached easily. In 1976, the
3050:The Ingenious Design of the Aluminum Beverage Can
858:, the standard can size is 355 ml, although
4686:
3126:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
1714:
1173:Beer can pop-top display at a Budweiser Brewery
891:Aluminum cans pressed into blocks for recycling
19:"Beer can" redirects here. For other uses, see
2586:Reynolds Metals Co. v. Continental Group, Inc.
2390:
705:, and beer cans are available in 500 ml.
3074:
2770:
1987:"All Items | Drinks & Beverages Delivery"
1910:Wiggins, Jenny; Flood, Chris (25 July 2008).
1811:"Working Abroad - Welsh Emigration: Tinplate"
1165:Old beer can showing punches from a churchkey
2857:. Slyfoxbeer.com. 2013-03-25. Archived from
2488:
2062:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1909:
1330:
4260:Hazard analysis and critical control points
2805:. Crowncork.com. 2012-10-09. Archived from
1294:Journal of the American Medical Association
1116:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
984:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
664:
3081:
3067:
2829:"Brazil Transforms Beer Can into Beer Cup"
2778:"Crown History | Crown Holdings, Inc"
2434:
1912:"Coke to shrink size of cans in Hong Kong"
1299:Full-top pull-tabs were also used in some
4170:Automatic identification and data capture
1136:Learn how and when to remove this message
1004:Learn how and when to remove this message
911:easily and the top is made of the harder
325:Learn how and when to remove this message
2978:
2409:
2403:
2105:The Science and Engineering of Materials
2029:
1619:
1548:first designed the "360 End" for use by
1531:
1515:Press button cans were used by Pepsi in
1391:
1232:
1168:
1160:
1015:
886:
879:, the standard can size is 350 ml.
643:
207:
172:
59:
51:
43:
2545:
2469:
2412:"Patent CA476789: Crimped cap removers"
2341:
2283:
1744:
602:, the most common size is 330 ml.
4687:
2898:
2872:
2686:
2667:
2076:
1237:Old style pull-tab in use on a can of
945:
801:, the standard size was previously 12
338:Comparison chart of various standards
3062:
2597:
2081:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 23.
1862:
1787:
1471:in 1989 for soft drinks and 1990 for
1156:
3572:Flexible intermediate bulk container
3015:Fundamentals of Packaging Technology
2979:Kesmodel, David (December 9, 2009).
2286:"E. C. Fraze, 76 - Devised Pull Tab"
2197:The Science of the Total Environment
1863:Child, Katharine (25 October 2017).
1527:
1114:adding citations to reliable sources
1081:
982:adding citations to reliable sources
949:
263:adding citations to reliable sources
234:
1501:
1245:Mikolaj Kondakow and James Wong of
1074:from a separate strip of aluminum.
13:
4556:Vertical form fill sealing machine
2284:Narvaez, Alfonso A. (1989-10-28).
1348:
1042:, which is aluminum with about 1%
14:
4726:
4526:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
3374:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
3033:
2826:
2709:. Patft.uspto.gov. Archived from
1579:
1054:Plain lids (known as shells) are
744:
729:, standard cans are 330 ml.
230:
112:(75% of worldwide production) or
4670:
4669:
4496:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
2588:, 525 F. Supp. 950, July 6, 1981
2449:10.1001/jama.1976.03260500030022
2410:Kondakow, Mikolaj (1951-09-11).
1696:
1379:Problems playing this file? See
1364:
1086:
954:
865:
780:
648:A small 135 ml beer can in Japan
239:
140:Prohibition in the United States
4230:Electronic article surveillance
4084:Shock and vibration data logger
3929:Linear low-density polyethylene
2972:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2912:
2847:
2820:
2795:
2780:. Crowncork.com. Archived from
2756:
2735:
2724:
2707:"United States Patent: D385192"
2699:
2680:
2661:
2630:
2610:
2591:
2579:
2558:
2539:
2520:
2501:
2482:
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2140:
2122:
2095:
2070:
2023:
2003:
1979:
1954:
1929:
1903:
1882:
1845:from the original on 2012-08-19
1415:United States Steel Corporation
1360:Opening a stay-on-tab drink can
1303:and are currently used in some
1077:
576:
250:needs additional citations for
4335:Radio-frequency identification
1856:
1827:
1803:
1781:
1738:
1322:
882:
849:
688:
551:
542:
533:
108:, etc. Drink cans are made of
1:
4446:Extended core stretch wrapper
3399:Single-serve coffee container
3088:
2996:
2217:10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01122-6
2182:10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00236-7
1792:. BBC News (South West Wales)
1615:
922:In many parts of the world a
3602:Insulated shipping container
2908:. Patenly Apple. March 2021.
2643:. Can Makers. Archived from
2134:Australian Aluminium Council
1890:"2-piece DWI Can Dimensions"
1587:
1519:from the 1970s to 1980s and
837:
720:
632:
608:
7:
4491:Material-handling equipment
4375:Verification and validation
3607:Intermediate bulk container
3389:Self-heating food packaging
2687:Cowell, Alan (2000-04-04).
2668:Patton, Phil (1997-11-27).
2262:. Pssht.com. Archived from
2241:. www.freepatentsonline.com
1644:
1400:In 1958, American inventor
1217:Cans are usually in sealed
708:
676:
491:
488:
485:
392:
389:
386:
370:
367:
364:
10:
4733:
4134:Time temperature indicator
1788:Prior, Neil (2015-07-12).
1591:
1271:Pittsburgh Brewing Company
1228:
832:
768:
756:
123:
119:
36:
25:
18:
4667:
4589:Environmental engineering
4564:
4551:Turntable stretch wrapper
4481:Lineshaft roller conveyor
4471:Injection molding machine
4383:
4152:
3782:
3427:
3409:Toothpaste pump dispenser
3269:Disposable food packaging
3214:
3111:Child-resistant packaging
3096:
2416:Canadian Patents Database
2393:J. Testing and Evaluation
2108:. Springer. p. 408.
2079:Canmaking For Can Fillers
1606:
1407:Crown Cork & Seal Co.
1343:
1329:
1241:in Beijing, China in 2009
870:
820:
808:
792:
732:
571:
529:
4695:Beer vessels and serving
4476:Label printer applicator
4345:Shearing (manufacturing)
3944:Low-density polyethylene
3364:Pharmaceutical packaging
3334:Low plastic water bottle
3224:Alternative wine closure
3045:Pull tab fundraiser myth
2371:Australian Food Timeline
2353:Lewiston Morning Tribune
2077:Turner, Terence (2001).
1708:
1181:, a device resembling a
665:Malaysia (and Singapore)
652:
620:
593:
212:A pop tab from the 1970s
21:Beercan (disambiguation)
4715:Single-serve containers
4506:Orbital stretch wrapper
4129:Temperature data logger
4049:Pressure-sensitive tape
3909:Humidity indicator card
3437:Aerosol spray dispenser
2986:The Wall Street Journal
1574:Sly Fox Brewing Company
1441:, issued 1976-07-06
1430:, issued 1976-07-06
588:
4225:Die forming (plastics)
3934:Liquid packaging board
3637:Multilayered packaging
3369:Plastic milk container
3349:Optical disc packaging
1747:Historical Archaeology
1625:
1576:in the United States.
1560:. It has been used by
1541:
1397:
1353:
1335:
1242:
1174:
1166:
1031:
892:
649:
213:
182:
181:"crowntainer" beer can
126:Tin can § History
86:carbonated soft drinks
73:
57:
49:
4654:Sustainable packaging
4604:Life-cycle assessment
4584:Closed-loop box reuse
4531:Seed-counting machine
3864:Corrugated fiberboard
3814:Biodegradable plastic
3537:Corrugated box design
3191:Sustainable packaging
3181:Shelf-ready packaging
3156:Packaging engineering
2948:"One Can, Many Beers"
2880:"accueil - COGITOcan"
2745:. Complex. 2012-06-27
2148:"Coca-Cola Recycling"
1991:Swire Coca-Cola eShop
1962:"500ML King Can Beer"
1941:Marketing-Interactive
1815:National Museum Wales
1623:
1535:
1492:Coors Brewing Company
1395:
1352:
1334:
1236:
1223:corrugated fiberboard
1172:
1164:
1029:
890:
803:Imperial fluid ounces
647:
211:
176:
63:
55:
47:
4624:PET bottle recycling
4486:Logistics automation
4014:Plastic-coated paper
3161:Resealable packaging
2835:. Beer Universe, Inc
2638:"History of the can"
1562:Anheuser-Busch InBev
1536:The Finnish brewery
1484:American Can Company
1110:improve this section
978:improve this section
259:improve this article
203:Crown Holdings, Inc.
142:at the end of 1933.
4676:Category: Packaging
4511:Packaging machinery
4320:Product development
4119:Tamper-evident band
3959:Modified atmosphere
3299:Foam food container
2209:2002ScTEn.292..205L
1594:Aluminium recycling
1554:2010 FIFA World Cup
1338:Opening a drink can
1285:, both made by the
946:Fabrication process
339:
4639:Reusable packaging
4599:Industrial ecology
4360:Ultrasonic welding
4325:Production control
4275:Injection moulding
4160:Aseptic processing
3869:Corrugated plastic
3739:Steel and tin cans
3709:Shipping container
3647:Packet (container)
3384:Seasonal packaging
3284:Evidence packaging
3264:Currency packaging
3259:Cosmetic packaging
3166:Reusable packaging
2693:The New York Times
2674:The New York Times
2291:The New York Times
1759:10.1007/BF03373561
1725:"The Canmaker FAQ"
1666:Beverage-can stove
1626:
1542:
1405:companies such as
1398:
1354:
1336:
1319:, and other cans.
1289:company, in 1964.
1243:
1175:
1167:
1157:Opening mechanisms
1032:
893:
650:
337:
214:
183:
132:Richmond, Virginia
74:
58:
50:
4700:Liquid containers
4682:
4681:
4644:Reverse logistics
4629:Plastic recycling
4501:Multihead weigher
4421:Cartoning machine
4416:Cap torque tester
4330:Quality assurance
4305:Plastic extrusion
4270:Induction sealing
4240:Extrusion coating
4099:Staple (fastener)
4069:Security printing
3904:Hot-melt adhesive
3477:Biodegradable bag
3319:Glass milk bottle
3201:Tamper resistance
3141:Package pilferage
3116:Contract packager
3009:978-0-470-08704-6
2934:"Beer can labels"
2115:978-1-4899-2895-5
2088:978-0-8493-9787-5
1869:sowetanlive.co.za
1656:Beer Can Printing
1528:Full aperture end
1390:
1389:
1369:
1251:Ermal Cleon Fraze
1146:
1145:
1138:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1006:
566:
565:
539:one imperial pint
335:
334:
327:
309:
147:Felinfoel Brewery
136:chemical reaction
4722:
4673:
4672:
4659:Waste management
4649:Source reduction
4466:Industrial robot
4370:Vacuum packaging
4295:Package tracking
4250:Glass production
4210:Corona treatment
4200:Containerization
4064:Screw cap (wine)
3979:Oxygen scavenger
3442:Aluminium bottle
3394:Screw cap (wine)
3339:Luxury packaging
3171:Reuse of bottles
3136:Package delivery
3121:Edible packaging
3106:Active packaging
3083:
3076:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3054:Prof. WS Hammack
3040:Beer can history
2991:
2990:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2964:. Archived from
2958:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2882:. Archived from
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2318:. 11 August 2019
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1703:Drink portal
1701:
1700:
1699:
1681:Self-heating can
1502:Press button can
1496:Ball Corporation
1486:, now a part of
1473:alcoholic drinks
1447:
1446:
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1287:Royal Crown Cola
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90:alcoholic drinks
66:Louvain-la-Neuve
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4619:Paper recycling
4614:Packaging waste
4594:Glass recycling
4566:
4560:
4516:Pallet inverter
4436:Conveyor system
4391:Barcode printer
4379:
4355:Track and trace
4310:Plastic welding
4245:Flame treatment
4215:Curtain coating
4148:
3969:Nonwoven fabric
3954:Metallised film
3859:Container glass
3786:
3784:
3778:
3754:Tub (container)
3652:Padded envelope
3423:
3249:Case-ready meat
3216:
3210:
3146:Package testing
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1651:Beer Can Museum
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1423:Falls City beer
1419:Reynolds Metals
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122:
42:
35:
32:PopTop Software
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4730:
4729:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4710:Food packaging
4707:
4702:
4697:
4680:
4679:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4579:Can collecting
4576:
4574:Biodegradation
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Tape dispenser
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4396:Barcode reader
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Vacuum forming
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Graphic design
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Blow fill seal
4172:
4167:
4165:Authentication
4162:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Shock detector
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4054:Pump dispenser
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4024:Plastic pallet
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Package handle
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Aluminium foil
3796:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Stand-up pouch
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Plastic bottle
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Folding carton
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Euro container
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Disposable cup
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Antistatic bag
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Fuel container
3306:
3304:Food packaging
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3229:Ammunition box
3226:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Tamper-evident
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3034:External links
3032:
3030:
3029:
3011:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2971:
2968:on 2011-08-26.
2953:
2939:
2925:
2911:
2897:
2871:
2846:
2819:
2794:
2769:
2755:
2734:
2731:paywalled page
2723:
2698:
2679:
2660:
2629:
2609:
2590:
2578:
2557:
2538:
2519:
2500:
2481:
2462:
2443:(24): 2614–7.
2427:
2402:
2383:
2358:
2340:
2338:1968, p. 1050.
2328:
2303:
2276:
2260:"Keglined.com"
2251:
2230:
2203:(3): 205–213.
2187:
2176:(2): 235–037.
2170:Food Chemistry
2160:
2139:
2121:
2114:
2094:
2087:
2069:
2022:
2002:
1978:
1953:
1928:
1902:
1881:
1855:
1826:
1802:
1780:
1737:
1727:. Canmaker.com
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1688:
1686:Six-pack rings
1683:
1678:
1676:Plastic bottle
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1580:Resealable lid
1578:
1546:Crown Holdings
1529:
1526:
1503:
1500:
1469:United Kingdom
1402:Anthony Bajada
1388:
1387:
1376:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1324:
1321:
1283:Diet-Rite Cola
1275:Iron City Beer
1230:
1227:
1158:
1155:
1144:
1143:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1012:
1011:
962:
960:
953:
947:
944:
884:
881:
872:
869:
867:
864:
851:
848:
839:
836:
834:
831:
822:
819:
810:
807:
794:
791:
782:
779:
770:
767:
758:
755:
751:United Kingdom
746:
745:United Kingdom
743:
734:
731:
722:
719:
710:
707:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
663:
654:
651:
634:
631:
622:
619:
610:
607:
595:
592:
590:
587:
578:
575:
573:
570:
564:
563:
560:
559:
557:half a US pint
550:
541:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
509:
505:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
472:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
454:
450:
449:
446:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
410:
406:
405:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
355:
351:
350:
347:
344:
333:
332:
247:
245:
238:
232:
231:Standard sizes
229:
225:Caribou Coffee
121:
118:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4728:
4727:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4677:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Shrink tunnel
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:Check weigher
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Bottling line
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:Thermoforming
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4340:Roll slitting
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:Laser cutting
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:Hermetic seal
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:Security tape
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Polypropylene
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Packaging gas
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Shipping tube
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Flexible tank
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:Package theft
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Overpackaging
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3028:
3027:1-930268-25-4
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2949:
2943:
2935:
2929:
2922:. 2018-08-07.
2921:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2886:on 4 May 2019
2885:
2881:
2875:
2861:on 2013-10-12
2860:
2856:
2850:
2834:
2833:Beer Universe
2830:
2823:
2809:on 2014-10-20
2808:
2804:
2798:
2784:on 2015-02-15
2783:
2779:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2713:on 2018-09-21
2712:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2650:on 2015-09-22
2646:
2639:
2633:
2619:
2613:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2548:
2542:
2529:
2523:
2510:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2266:on 2017-10-20
2265:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2157:. p. 14.
2156:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2059:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1753:(1): 95–113.
1752:
1748:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:Widget (beer)
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1460:to depress a
1459:
1454:
1449:
1440:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
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1284:
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1264:
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1256:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1239:Tsingtao beer
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1183:bottle opener
1180:
1171:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1129:
1126:November 2020
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:This section
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1008:
1005:
997:
994:November 2020
987:
983:
979:
973:
972:
968:
963:This section
961:
957:
952:
951:
943:
941:
937:
932:
930:
925:
920:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
889:
880:
878:
866:South America
863:
861:
857:
847:
845:
830:
828:
818:
816:
806:
804:
800:
790:
788:
787:North America
781:North America
778:
776:
766:
764:
754:
752:
742:
740:
730:
728:
718:
716:
713:In Thailand,
706:
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684:
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672:
662:
660:
646:
642:
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630:
628:
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297:
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276: –
275:
271:
270:Find sources:
264:
260:
254:
253:
248:This section
246:
242:
237:
236:
228:
226:
222:
217:
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
180:
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161:
156:
152:
148:
145:In 1935, the
143:
141:
137:
133:
127:
117:
115:
111:
107:
106:energy drinks
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
62:
54:
46:
40:
33:
29:
22:
4565:Environment,
4180:Blow molding
4109:Stretch wrap
4039:Polyethylene
4029:Plastic wrap
4019:Plastic film
4004:Paper pallet
3939:Living hinge
3844:Coated paper
3724:Spray bottle
3704:Security bag
3697:Water sachet
3687:Salvage drum
3682:Retort pouch
3587:Glass bottle
3482:Blister pack
3447:Aluminum can
3414:Water bottle
3314:Gas cylinder
3289:Field ration
3273:
3186:Shelf-stable
3014:
3013:Soroka, W.,
2984:
2974:
2966:the original
2956:
2942:
2928:
2914:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:the original
2874:
2863:. Retrieved
2859:the original
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2832:
2827:Cohen, Jim.
2822:
2811:. Retrieved
2807:the original
2797:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:the original
2772:
2758:
2747:. Retrieved
2737:
2726:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:the original
2701:
2692:
2682:
2673:
2663:
2652:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2632:
2621:. Retrieved
2612:
2593:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2560:
2541:
2522:
2503:
2484:
2465:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2375:. Retrieved
2373:. 1960-09-20
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2320:. Retrieved
2315:
2306:
2295:. Retrieved
2289:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:the original
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2233:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2104:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2047:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:
2014:. Retrieved
2005:
1994:. Retrieved
1990:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1945:. Retrieved
1943:. 2019-04-29
1940:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1905:
1894:. Retrieved
1892:. Sencon.com
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1838:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1783:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1671:Glass bottle
1639:
1632:was a minor
1627:
1610:
1597:
1583:
1558:South Africa
1543:
1514:
1505:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1450:
1399:
1378:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1258:
1255:Dayton, Ohio
1244:
1216:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1151:
1147:
1132:
1123:
1108:Please help
1096:
1078:Filling cans
1053:
1036:cold forming
1033:
1000:
991:
976:Please help
964:
933:
921:
917:
907:that can be
894:
874:
853:
841:
824:
812:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
692:
680:
668:
656:
636:
624:
612:
604:
597:
583:South Africa
580:
577:South Africa
567:
553:
544:
535:
321:
315:October 2023
312:
302:
295:
288:
281:
269:
257:Please help
252:verification
249:
218:
215:
198:
194:
191:high profile
190:
184:
164:
144:
129:
94:fruit juices
82:beverage can
81:
77:
75:
48:Beverage can
28:PopCap Games
4461:Heat sealer
4426:Case sealer
4300:Papermaking
4220:Die cutting
4185:Calendering
4089:Shrink wrap
3964:Molded pulp
3949:Meat diaper
3914:Kraft paper
3894:Foam peanut
3884:Double seam
3854:Coextrusion
3824:Bubble wrap
3804:Bail handle
3749:Thermal bag
3672:Plastic bag
3487:Boil-in-bag
3419:Wine bottle
3404:Spray paint
3359:Popcorn bag
3354:Oyster pail
3239:Beer bottle
2890:18 December
2349:"Press-Tab"
2316:The Takeout
1661:Beer koozie
1572:and by the
1453:Ermal Fraze
1323:Stay-on-tab
1313:tennis ball
1247:Port Arthur
1194:Ermal Fraze
940:epoxy resin
883:Composition
856:New Zealand
850:New Zealand
695:South Korea
689:South Korea
548:one US pint
274:"Drink can"
195:low profile
102:herbal teas
4689:Categories
4541:Staple gun
4521:Palletizer
4411:Can seamer
4280:Lamination
4205:Converting
4094:Slip sheet
4009:Paperboard
3874:Cushioning
3834:Cellophane
3809:Bioplastic
3787:components
3774:Wooden box
3744:Tetra Brik
3667:Paper sack
3642:Multi-pack
3592:Gunny sack
3462:Bag-in-box
3429:Containers
3294:Flour sack
3279:Egg carton
3254:Coffee bag
3234:Banana box
3176:Shelf life
2997:References
2865:2013-10-05
2813:2013-10-05
2788:2013-10-05
2749:2013-10-05
2717:2013-10-05
2654:2012-08-07
2623:2014-01-24
2599:US4030631A
2528:US3759206A
2509:USRE28910E
2490:US4024980A
2471:US2842295A
2421:2017-10-04
2377:2022-01-05
2322:2022-01-05
2297:2017-04-09
2270:2012-08-07
2245:2009-07-20
2049:2017-11-01
2016:2020-06-15
2011:"Our Beer"
1996:2024-08-31
1947:2024-08-31
1916:www.ft.com
1896:2012-08-07
1849:2022-01-05
1820:2022-01-05
1796:2017-04-09
1731:2012-08-07
1630:collecting
1616:Collecting
1601:Apple, Inc
1592:See also:
1538:Fat Lizard
1509:carbonated
1439:US 3967753
1428:US 3967752
1381:media help
1219:paperboard
1206:Coors Beer
913:5182 alloy
905:3004 alloy
346:imp fl oz
285:newspapers
168:church key
160:crown cork
124:See also:
4705:Packaging
4634:Recycling
4441:Drum pump
4384:Machinery
4235:Extrusion
4153:Processes
4124:Tear tape
4114:Susceptor
4104:Strapping
4059:Screw cap
4034:Polyester
3879:Desiccant
3783:Materials
3764:Unit load
3719:Skin pack
3662:Paper bag
3532:Clamshell
3274:Drink can
3206:Wrap rage
3090:Packaging
2764:"360 end"
2547:CA575550A
2058:cite news
2044:1170-0777
2036:NZ Herald
1971:31 August
1921:31 August
1874:31 August
1775:160267011
1628:Beer can
1588:Recycling
1550:SABMiller
1279:R.C. Cola
1259:ring pull
1221:cartons,
1192:In 1959,
1179:churchkey
1097:does not
1048:magnesium
1044:manganese
965:does not
936:oxidizing
844:Australia
838:Australia
727:West Asia
721:West Asia
703:Dr Pepper
699:Coca-Cola
639:Indonesia
633:Indonesia
615:Hong Kong
609:Hong Kong
349:US fl oz
221:Coca-Cola
187:cone tops
179:Neuweiler
151:Felinfoel
78:drink can
4567:post-use
4456:Heat gun
4406:Calender
4315:Printing
4144:Velostat
4139:Tinplate
3974:Overwrap
3899:Gel pack
3889:Flip-top
3794:Adhesive
3729:Squround
3632:Mesh bag
3617:Jerrycan
3562:Envelope
3502:Bulk box
3379:Sand bag
3344:Milk bag
3329:Juicebox
3244:Box wine
3217:packages
3021:, 2002,
2839:18 March
2571:19 March
2225:12146520
1843:Archived
1767:25616219
1645:See also
1309:pet food
1301:oil cans
1229:Pop-tab
1060:aluminum
1040:3004-H19
897:aluminum
709:Thailand
683:Pakistan
677:Pakistan
671:Malaysia
177:A 1946,
110:aluminum
4290:Molding
4195:Coating
4190:Canning
3849:Coating
3839:Closure
3597:Inhaler
3452:Ampoule
3324:Growler
3215:Product
3097:General
2205:Bibcode
1552:at the
1118:removed
1103:sources
1056:stamped
1046:and 1%
986:removed
971:sources
929:bauxite
924:deposit
833:Oceania
775:Austria
769:Austria
763:Ireland
757:Ireland
749:In the
739:redbull
299:scholar
227:drink.
199:j-spout
120:History
70:Belgium
39:Popcaan
4674:
4609:Litter
4451:Filler
3994:Pallet
3692:Sachet
3557:Endcap
3522:Carton
3517:Carboy
3492:Bottle
3472:Barrel
3099:topics
3025:
3007:
2605:
2553:
2534:
2515:
2496:
2477:
2457:946866
2455:
2223:
2130:"FAQs"
2112:
2085:
2042:
1966:pns.hk
1773:
1765:
1607:Design
1570:Brazil
1517:Canada
1490:, and
1462:scored
1445:
1434:
1413:, and
1211:litter
877:Brazil
871:Brazil
827:Quebec
821:Quebec
815:Mexico
809:Mexico
799:Canada
793:Canada
733:Europe
715:Singha
572:Africa
404:14.88
401:15.49
354:1,000
301:
294:
287:
280:
272:
197:, and
3999:Paper
3919:Label
3819:BoPET
3542:Crate
2648:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2151:(PDF)
1771:S2CID
1763:JSTOR
1709:Notes
1566:China
1521:Coors
1488:Rexam
1458:lever
1267:Alcoa
1068:rivet
1064:press
909:drawn
901:alloy
659:Japan
653:Japan
627:India
621:India
600:China
594:China
470:10.8
467:11.3
459:11.2
456:11.6
448:11.5
445:12.0
437:11.8
434:12.3
426:12.0
423:12.5
415:12.7
412:13.2
393:16.0
390:16.6
382:16.9
379:17.6
371:19.2
368:20.0
360:33.8
357:35.2
306:JSTOR
292:books
155:Wales
3829:Bung
3769:Vial
3759:Tube
3657:Pail
3552:Drum
3527:Chub
3512:Case
3507:Cage
3023:ISBN
3019:IoPP
3005:ISBN
2892:2020
2841:2014
2573:2015
2453:PMID
2437:JAMA
2399:(4).
2221:PMID
2110:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2064:link
2040:ISSN
1973:2024
1923:2024
1876:2024
1568:and
1317:nuts
1305:soup
1281:and
1269:and
1101:any
1099:cite
969:any
967:cite
701:and
589:Asia
525:5.1
522:5.3
519:150
514:6.8
511:7.0
508:200
503:7.5
500:7.8
497:222
492:8.0
489:8.3
486:237
481:8.5
478:8.8
475:250
464:320
453:330
442:341
431:350
420:355
409:375
398:440
387:473
376:500
365:568
278:news
98:teas
80:(or
30:and
3924:Lid
3785:and
3627:Keg
3622:Jug
3612:Jar
3497:Box
3467:Bag
2445:doi
2441:235
2213:doi
2201:292
2178:doi
2155:EPA
1755:doi
1634:fad
1564:in
1556:in
1411:BHP
1261:in
1253:of
1112:by
1072:die
980:by
875:In
854:In
842:In
825:In
813:In
797:In
785:In
773:In
761:In
725:In
693:In
681:In
669:In
657:In
637:In
625:In
613:In
598:In
581:In
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