Dream Chaser - Knowledge

904: 682:. The main landing gear was tested in a similar way in February 2012. The nose gear landing test was the last milestone to be completed before the free flight approach and landing tests scheduled for later in 2012. In August 2012, SNC completed CCiCap Milestone 1, or the 'Program Implementation Plan Review'. This included creating a plan for implementing design, development, testing, and evaluation activities through the duration of CCiCap funding. By October 2012 the "Integrated System Baseline Review", or CCiCap Milestone 2, had been completed. This review demonstrated the maturity of the Dream Chaser Space System as well as the integration and support of the 2584:...The NASA lifting-body program has been well documented in about 100 technical reports on the program's 222 flights and 20,000 hours of wind-tunnel tests. Many of these publications are unclassified. The Soviet Union purchased copies of these reports from NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., then designed its own lifting body. In 1982, the Soviets flight-tested an unpiloted, 10-foot-long, subscale version of their lifting body, the BOR-4, including a maneuvering re-entry over the Indian Ocean from space orbit. The flight test of the BOR-4 closely resembled that of our PRIME (X-23) vehicle in 1966... 40: 493: 329: 991: 2544:...A mock-up of the proposed "space taxi," called the HL-20 Personnel Launch System, closely resembles a Soviet subscale spaceplane flown on four orbital missions in the 1980s...However, Piland, chief of the space systems division at the Langley Research Center, was quick to point out the Soviet test vehicle seems to have evolved from U. S. lifting-body configurations flown from 1966 to 1975—such as Northrop's HL-10, M2-F2 and M2-F3 and Martin's X-24A and X-24B... 1028:. An expendable cargo module will launch attached to the back of the spacecraft, expanding the cargo uplift capacity and supporting the disposal of up to 3,250 kg (7,170 lb) of trash. Total uplift is planned for 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) pressurized and 500 kg (1,100 lb) unpressurized, with a downlift of 1,750 kg (3,860 lb) contained within the spaceplane. The expendable cargo module is called "Shooting Star". 774: 1076:'s large aerodynamic cargo fairing – or, like the Atlas V, without it. In order to fit within the fairing, the Dream Chaser's wing length will have to be reduced slightly, which is thought to be easier than going through a full aerodynamic test program to evaluate and prove it along with the Ariane for flight without the fairing. The Ariane 5 launch vehicle was designed from its inception to be crew rated, in order to launch the 1797: 5903: 829:

higher price but also considered Boeing's proposal to be the strongest of all three proposals in terms of technical approach, management approach and past performance, and to offer the crew transportation system with most utility and highest value to the government." Furthermore, the agency found "several favorable features" in SNC's proposal "but ultimately concluded that SpaceX's lower price made it a better value."

411:(in different configurations) to the ISS. Access from ISS to Dream Chaser will involve crew passing through Shooting Star (which supports a shirt-sleeve environment) and through a hatch that separates Shooting Star from Dream Chaser. Sierra Nevada says the module is capable of additional types of missions in LEO or to cis-lunar destinations; they have developed a free-flying variant with additional capabilities. 886:

that the mission was scheduled for February 2023. The mission has since then been delayed further, to June 2024. In May 2024, it was announced that Dream Chaser Tenacity completed initial flight testing and was headed next to Kennedy Space Center to prepare for launch. It arrived later that month for launch preparation. The Vulcan Centaur to be used for the launch arrived to KSC in late June 2024. However, the

2021:...Once that the HL-20 program was ceased it seems that such small spaceplane should be quickly forgotten except for a bunch of space enthusiast all over the world. The HL-20 story was no to end since in mid 2004 Jim Benson announced that the HL-20 development would be continued by his SpaceDev as Dream Chaser spacecraft. The SpaceDev was acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation at the very end of 2008... 4707: 2526:...The lifting-body program came to an official end in 1975. Yet like a Phoenix rising from the ashes, the concept has appeared several times since then in proposed NASA spacecraft. When the Langley Research Center revealed its HL-20 design for an emergency crew return vehicle or small mini-Shuttle in 1990, the shape was remarkably similar to the HL-10 and X-24A designs... 825:, the agency's top human exploration official and the one who made the final decision"—"opted to rank Boeing's proposal higher than a previous panel of agency procurement experts." More specifically, Sierra Nevada asserted in their filings with the GAO that Gerstenmaier may have "overstepped his authority by unilaterally changing the scoring criteria." 4701:

In August 2017, ISS Program officials said Sierra was considering building a second Dream Chaser to be completed by 2021, but no decision had been made as of October 2017. In the event of a failure, Sierra officials told us in June 2017 that a second spacecraft could be built from spare parts without

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On January 5, 2015, the GAO denied Sierra Nevada's CCtCap challenge, stating that NASA made the proper decision when it decided to award Boeing $ 4.2 billion and SpaceX $ 2.6 billion to develop their vehicles. Ralph White, the GAO's managing associate counsel, announced that NASA "recognized Boeing's

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Despite not being selected to continue forward under NASA's Commercial Crew transportation Capability (CCtCap) phase of the effort to send crews to orbit via private companies, SNC completed the milestones assigned under earlier phases of the CCP. On December 2, 2014, SNC announced that it completed

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In addition to carrying cargo, the Shooting Star module includes solar panels that supply up to 6 kW of electrical power. It also supplies active and passive thermal management; provides Dream Chaser translation and rotation capability via six mounted thrusters; and supports berthing or docking

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After the acquisition of Orbitec LLC in July 2014, Sierra Nevada Corporation announced a major change to the propulsion system. The hybrid rocket engine design was dropped in favor of a cluster of Orbitec's Vortex engines. The new unit would be a pressure-fed three-mode engine. At low- and mid-power

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In early 2014, Sierra Nevada completed its wind tunnel testing as part of its CCiCAP Milestone 8. The wind tunnel testing involved analyzing the flight dynamics characteristics that the vehicle will experience during orbital ascent and re-entry. Wind tunnel testing was also completed for the Dream

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By February 2012, Sierra Nevada Corporation stated that it had completed the assembly and delivery of the primary structure of the first Dream Chaser flight test vehicle. With this, SNC completed all 11 of its CCDev milestones that were scheduled up to that point. SNC stated in a press release that

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Sierra Nevada proposed Dream Chaser for the CCDev phase 2 solicitation by NASA in October 2010, with an estimated project cost of less than $ 1 billion. On 18 April 2011, NASA awarded $ 80 million to Sierra Nevada Corporation for Dream Chaser. Since then, nearly a dozen further milestones have

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AG (OHB) in Germany announced the completion of the initial Dream Chaser for European Utilization (DC4EU) study. The study found that Dream Chaser is suitable for a broad range of space applications and could be used to advance European interests in space. The cooperation was renewed in April 2015

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launch vehicle, with the first Dream Chaser flight being the second Vulcan flight in late 2021. However, on February 9, 2022, Ken Shields, Sierra Space's Director of Commercial Market Development, announced that the first flight would be pushed to January 2023. The launch has been further delayed,

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In April 2021 SNC spun off its Dream Chaser division, creating the fully independent company, the "Sierra Space Corporation," which assumed responsibility for the further development of the Dream Chaser space vehicle system. In May 2022, it was announced by the deputy manager of ISS, Dana Weigel,

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In December 2014, Sierra Nevada proposed Dream Chaser for CRS-2 consideration. In January 2016, NASA announced that Dream Chaser had been awarded one of the CRS-2 contracts and committed to purchasing a minimum of six resupply missions to the ISS. The cargo spacecraft will fly alongside spacecraft

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On October 26, 2013, the first free-flight occurred. The test vehicle was released from the helicopter and flew the correct flightpath to touchdown less than a minute later. Just prior to landing, the left main landing gear failed to deploy resulting in a crash landing. The vehicle skidded off the

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cargo module would be part of the Dream Chaser cargo system for CRS-2 flights. The module is a 15-foot-long (4.6 m) attachment to Dream Chaser that will allow the spacecraft to carry an additional 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) of pressurized and unpressurized cargo to ISS. The module supports

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As of 2020, the Sierra Nevada Corporation said it still planned to produce a crewed version of the spacecraft within the next 5 years. The company said it "never stopped working" on the crewed version and fully intended to launch it after the cargo version, and is still committed to the crewed

1068:(ESA) agreed to be a partner on the DC4EU project, and will also investigate whether the Dream Chaser can use ESA avionics and docking mechanisms. ESA will also study launching options for the "Europeanized" Dream Chaser, particularly whether it can be launched from the 1108:

On November 5, 2014, SNC's Space Systems team publicly presented the challenges and opportunities related to landing the Dream Chaser spacecraft at public-use airports. Dream Chaser uses standard landing aids and non-toxic propellants that require no special handling.

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Appeared in a Sierra Space social media post along with Tenacity. The Aviation Week article that was linked indicated that "For the next-generation crewed DC-200 series, Sierra Space is studying a twin-tail, fixed-wing design". No other details were provided.

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In October 2015, the thermal protection system was installed on the Engineering Test Article (ETA) for the next phase of atmospheric flight testing. The orbital cabin assembly of the Flight Test Article (FTA) was also completed by contractor Lockheed Martin.

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Chaser Atlas V integrated launch system. These tests were completed at NASA Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, California, CALSPAN Transonic Wind Tunnel in New York, and at NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel in Hampton, Virginia.

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regimes it uses monopropellant fuel – hydrogen peroxide – and in high-power demand, the engine adds injection of RP-1 fuel. This increased thrust will be useful to shorten the de-orbit burn duration of the Dream Chaser.

394:(TPS) is made up of silica-based tiles (for most of the belly and upper portion of the heat shield), and a new composite material called Toughened Unipiece Fibrous Reusable Oxidation Resistant Ceramic (TUFROC) to cover the nose and leading edges. 3608: 1044:

On November 19, 2021, Sierra Space announced that it is considering a third Dream Chaser version specialized for National Security missions, though it declined to comment on what the differences compared with other versions would be.

1061:(Dream Chaser for European Utilization), the project will study using it for sending crews and cargo to the ISS and on missions not involving the ISS, particularly in orbits of substantially greater altitude than the ISS can reach. 961:

In November 2021, Sierra Space Corporation reported that it received a $ 1.4 billion investment in Series A funding, which it would use to develop a crewed version of Dream Chaser and fly astronauts by 2025. On October 25, 2021,

1020:, in contrast to the Crewed Dream Chaser, which is intended to launch without a fairing. The ability to fit into a payload fairing allows the cargo version to launch on any sufficiently capable vehicle, such as the (retired) 4469: 2382: 2662: 2444: 3639: 3398: 974:, is intended as a "mixed-use business park". Sierra Space Corporation's Dream Chaser was chosen as one of the commercial spacecraft to transport commercial crew to and from the space station, along with 877:

In March 2019, completion of NASA's Integrated Review Milestone 5 (IR5) confirmed that development was still on schedule. In August 2019, SNC announced the first ISS flight of the Dream Chaser, known as

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In September 2014, SNC announced that it would, with global partners, use the Dream Chaser as the baseline spacecraft for orbital access for a variety of programs, specializing the craft as needed.

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is designed to be launched on the top of a typical rocket and land like an airplane on a runway. The design has heritage going back decades. Currently, the Dream Chaser will

2498:...The HL-20's baseline design has evolved from manned lifting bodies flown for the Defense Dept, during the 1960s and owes much of its overall layout to the Martin X-24A... 2658: 5424: 2965:"Sierra Nevada Corporation's Space Systems Delivers the Dream Chaser® First Flight Test Vehicle Structure, Completing a Major Milestone for NASA's Commercial Crew Program" 3739: 4579:"UNOOSA and Sierra Nevada Corporation announce Call for Interest to provide landing site for Dream Chaser spacecraft mission carrying experiments from UN Member States" 3438: 5461: 1659: 1386: 557:

to pursue the possibility of using the Atlas V booster rocket as the Dream Chaser's launch vehicle. In June 2007, SpaceDev signed a Space Act agreement with NASA.

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On September 29, 2014, Sierra Nevada introduced the "Dream Chaser Global Project" which would provide customized access to low Earth orbit to global customers.

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The cargo version of the SSC Dream Chaser is called the Dream Chaser Cargo System (DCCS) and after development is completed, will fly resupply flights to the

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version designed to carry from three to seven people and cargo to orbital destinations such as the International Space Station. It was to have a built-in

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On September 16, 2014, NASA did not select the Dream Chaser for CCtCap, the next phase of the Commercial Crew Program. This occurred despite previous

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The name "Dream Chaser" had been previously used for two separate space vehicle concepts. The first was planned to be an orbital vehicle based on the

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On August 1, 2014, the first completed piece of the orbital Flight Test Article (FTA) composite airframe was unveiled at a Lockheed Martin facility.

3048: 1057:(DLR) announced a funded study to investigate ways in which Europe might take advantage of the Dream Chaser crewed spaceplane technology. Named the 2557: 2511: 3304: 3010: 2597: 2121: 890:

reports, June 26, "Dream Chaser dropped from next Vulcan launch as ULA targets national security certification". Launch will likely slip to 2025.

3791: 2791: 710:. This second airframe is slated to be the first orbital test vehicle, with orbital flight testing planned to begin within the next two years. 2628: 2272: 4212: 2598:"50 years to orbit: Dream Chaser's crazy Cold War backstory: The reusable mini-spaceplane is back from the dead—again—and prepping for space" 2122:"50 years to orbit: Dream Chaser's crazy Cold War backstory: The reusable mini-spaceplane is back from the dead—again—and prepping for space" 1131: 3971: 3582: 3273: 3219: 3071: 694:

On August 3, 2012, NASA announced the award of $ 212.5 million to Sierra Nevada Corporation to continue work on the Dream Chaser under the

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List includes only completed or manifested missions. NET means 'no earlier than'. Launch and landing dates and times are listed in UTC.

1013:, the spacecraft will be capable of returning 1,750 kg (3,860 lb) to Earth while undergoing maximum re-entry forces of 1.5G. 418:(DIU) to use its Shooting Star expendable cargo vehicle as a possible commercial solution for a high-powered uncrewed orbital outpost. 4394: 4433: 3452: 4059: 4301: 4238: 724:, California in March 2013. The spaceplane release would occur at 12,000 feet (3,700 m) altitude and would be followed by an 4263: 1083:

In late January 2014, it was announced that the Dream Chaser orbital test vehicle was under contract to be launched on an initial

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In January 2014, SNC announced it had signed a launch contract to fly the first orbital test vehicle on a robotically controlled

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runway in a cloud of dust, but was found upright with the crew compartment intact and all systems inside still in working order.

4578: 5431: 1817: 1134:(UNOOSA) selected the cargo Dream Chaser for its first space launch. This launch is intended to last for at least two weeks in 4749:"Sierra Space's Dream Chaser, Tenacity, is on track to become the first operational commercial spaceplane with a lifting body" 4031:"Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)" 2874: 6089: 4835: 4496:"Challenges and Opportunities Related to Landing the Dream Chaser® Commercial Reusable Space Vehicle at a Public-Use Airport" 3551: 2297: 695: 3125: 3104: 2942: 2920: 922:

and could fly autonomously if needed. Although it could use any suitable launch vehicle, it was planned to be launched on a

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On November 11, 2017, the Dream Chaser ETA was released from an altitude of 3,700 m and successfully landed at Edwards AFB.

811:(GAO). On October 22, 2014, a Federal Judge ruled the contract awards to Boeing and SpaceX valid, allowing NASA to proceed. 3478: 628:

helicopter in a captive carry test to better determine its aerodynamic properties. In May 2013, the ETA was shipped to the

3357: 2964: 2659:"SpaceDev and United Launch Alliance to Explore Launching the Dream Chaser(TM) Space Vehicle on an Atlas V Launch Vehicle" 6114: 4984: 3433: 3428: 2152: 1139: 849: 4907: 4286: 2323: 4161:"With a huge infusion of cash, Sierra Space hopes to get its Dream Chaser spaceplane and space station off the ground" 3764: 744:

was leaving the agency in order to join SNC. Archambault, a former combat pilot and 15-year NASA veteran who flew on

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On August 14, 2019, it was announced that all six Dream Chaser CRS-2 flights would be carried into orbit by ULA's

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commercial agreement, and was funded directly by Sierra Nevada and was not a part of any existing NASA contract.

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In 2010, the following organizations were named as technology partners for the original passenger Dream Chaser:

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Dream Chaser engineering test article, being driven along the runway by a pickup truck after an atmospheric test

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program for the development of the Dream Chaser. SNC completed the four planned milestones on time, including

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cargo variant is operational. The crewed variant is planned to carry up to seven people and cargo to and from

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capable of repeated starts and throttling. At the time, the SSC's predecessor, the SNC was also developing a

216: 882:, was planned for 2021. However, on November 17, 2020, SNC announced it would be delayed until early 2022. 6109: 6104: 6084: 6079: 5781: 5456: 5047: 4495: 3816: 2821: 2066: 1961: 1870: 1526: 838: 351: 1149:

In 2019, the launch date for the proposed mission, expected to carry up to 35 payloads, was set for 2024.

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been completed under that Space Act Agreement. Some of these milestones included testing of an improved

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To meet CRS-2 guidelines, the cargo Dream Chaser will have folding wings and fit within a 5 m diameter

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thrusters burned ethanol-based fuel, which is not an explosively volatile material, nor toxic like

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NASA's CCiCap Milestone 5a related to propulsion risk reduction for the Dream Chaser space system.

4793: 4456:"Sierra Nevada Corporation to Introduce Dream Chaser® Global Project Spaceflight Program Sept. 30" 3845: 2745: 6094: 5322: 5225: 4186: 1563:

First orbital flight demonstration flight of Dream Chaser to ISS for NASA. Duration of ~82 days.

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test fires and the preliminary structure design. Further initial Dream Chaser tests included the

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Video animation – SpaceDev International Lunar Observatory Human Servicing Mission concept

4319: 3504:"Sierra Nevada Corporation Introduces Dream Chaser Global Project Spaceflight Program Sept. 30" 2943:"Sierra nevada corporation begins flight test program of the dream chaser orbital crew vehicle" 746: 721: 707: 656: 625: 554: 242: 5882: 4942: 2539: 2493: 2016: 5978: 5892: 5887: 5741: 5607: 5417: 5262: 5257: 5221: 4879: 3399:"NASA Chooses American Companies to Transport U.S. Astronauts to International Space Station" 1900: 1895: 1837: 1631: 1603: 1575: 1545: 1263: 1065: 614: 306: 4606: 923: 6074: 6020: 6010: 5663: 5379: 5302: 5247: 4947: 4821: 4752: 4729: 4636: 3875: 3871: 1095: 919: 624:

On May 29, 2012, the Dream Chaser Engineering Test Article (ETA) was lifted by an Erickson

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the ISS with cargo. Per the company's website, a crew version is planned for a later date.

3337: 8: 5877: 5746: 5703: 5693: 5678: 5658: 5533: 5197: 5026: 4989: 4922: 4917: 4748: 4725: 4632: 4367: 4044: 3526:"Sierra Nevada completes Dream Chaser's milestone 15a for prior phase of Commercial Crew" 1880: 1847: 1135: 1099: 1084: 1077: 1069: 927: 764: 679: 660: 648: 472: 2921:"Sierra nevada corporation's dream chaser space system passes preliminary design review" 907:

Artist's conception of the Dream Chaser Space System in the launch configuration of the

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partner in the design and development of Dream Chaser. The NASA/SNC team had worked on

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On-orbit propulsion of the Dream Chaser was originally proposed to be provided by twin

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Prototype of the X-20 Dyna Soar - a spacecraft the Dream Chaser spaceplane is based on

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5,000 kg (11,000 lb) pressurized, 500 kg (1,100 lb) unpressurized

5973: 5863: 5632: 5358: 5138: 4858: 4239:"Blue Origin reveals plans for future commercial space station called Orbital Reef" 3898: 2968: 2878: 1923: 979: 666:

On July 11, 2012, SNC announced that it successfully completed testing of the nose

610: 341: 4045:"Moving Forward: Commercial Crew Development Building the Next Era in Spaceflight" 3950:"NASA, Sierra Space Deliver Dream Chaser to Florida for Launch Preparation - NASA" 617:, a full-scale captive carry flight test, and a Systems Requirement Review (SRR). 511:

concept, which in turn is descended from a series of test vehicles, including the

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Engineering Test Article (ETA) used for captive carry and atmospheric drop tests

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In January 2013, Sierra Nevada announced that the second captive carry and first

699: 458: 268: 144: 4517: 4455: 4087: 2466: 950:, allowing the Dream Chaser to be handled immediately after landing, unlike the 328: 39: 5688: 5554: 5353: 5292: 5123: 5118: 3575:"Sierra Nevada Alleges Boeing Benefitted From Commercial Crew Criteria Changes" 2494:"Langley Refines Design, Begins Human Factors Tests of Personnel Launch System" 2224:"Toughened Uni-piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC)" 1558: 931: 714: 524: 520: 516: 512: 371: 298: 226: 4808: 4803: 4302:"Sierra Nevada Hopes Dream Chaser Finds "Sweet Spot" of ISS Cargo Competition" 4264:"Sierra Nevada Hopes Dream Chaser Finds "Sweet Spot" of ISS Cargo Competition" 4015: 3985: 2223: 756:, will work on the Dream Chaser program as a systems engineer and test pilot. 549:

The Dream Chaser was publicly announced on September 20, 2004. In April 2007,

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On February 3, 2015, the Sierra Nevada Corporation's (SNC) Space Systems and

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By late December, details had emerged that "a high-ranking agency official"—"

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To carry 35 payloads for the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.

698:(CCiCap) Program. On January 30, 2013, SNC announced a new partnership with 6025: 5786: 5720: 5715: 5348: 5212: 3925:"Dream Chaser spaceplane completes tests at NASA's Neil Armstrong facility" 2661:(Press release). Poway, California: SpaceDev. Market Wire. April 10, 2007. 1385:

A demonstration and six missions are currently planned to be launched from

1010: 971: 967: 667: 644: 492: 375: 347: 283: 252: 245: 57: 20: 4681: 3765:"Dream Chaser through critical landing test, prepares for orbital flights" 2512:"Flights of Discovery: 50 Years at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center" 970:, released their plan for a commercial space station. The station, called 5637: 5297: 5181: 4994: 4952: 4932: 4395:"German Space Agency Funds Study on Uses of Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser" 3072:"Dream Chaser space plane dangles from helicopter for second flight test" 2273:"Sierra Nevada Corporation Shows Off "Shooting Star" Cargo Module at KSC" 2069:(Press release). Dryden Flight Research Center: NASA. December 17, 2010. 1827: 1822: 1751: 1394: 1087: 963: 915: 767: 639:

On June 12, 2012, SNC announced the commemoration of its fifth year as a

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The Dream Chaser concept and design is a descendant of the original NASA

310: 2540:"NASA Design for Manned Spacecraft. Draws on Soviet Subscale Spaceplane" 636:. A second captive carry flight test was completed on August 22, 2013. 5514: 5133: 4999: 4844: 4682:

Audit of Commercial Resupply Services to the International Space Center

4030: 3453:"So Sierra Nevada protested NASA space-taxi contract, but what's next?" 1810: 1539: 1282: 1118: 879: 508: 337: 248: 3011:"More about SNC preparations for drop tests of Dream Chaser prototype" 2983:"Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser spacecraft tested at Broomfield airport" 5937: 5922: 5756: 5312: 5307: 5272: 3685:"Weather Sat, CRS-2 Top U.S. Civil Space Procurement Agenda for 2015" 1905: 1832: 773: 738: 717: 589: 440: 3699:"Dream Chaser preps for 2nd free-flight test and first orbital test" 560:

On October 21, 2008, SpaceDev with Dream Chaser was acquired by the

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with both pressurized and unpressurized cargo. It is intended to be

5832: 4110:"DREAM CHASER ON TRACK FOR 2021 CARGO MISSION, CREW WITHIN 5 YEARS" 3658:"NASA Awards International Space Station Cargo Transport Contracts" 3609:"GAO denies Sierra Nevada's legal challenge to NASA space contract" 3342: 2877:(Press release). Louisville, Colorado. July 5, 2011. Archived from 1073: 1021: 550: 378:. In May 2014, SNC involvement in the SpaceShipTwo program ended. 275: 3216:"NASA Astronaut Lee Archambault Joins Sierra Nevada as Test Pilot" 2403:"Lockheed to build second Dream Chaser airframe for Sierra Nevada" 2017:"From HL-20 to Dream Chaser The Long story of a little spaceplane" 5477: 5158: 5148: 4756: 4733: 4710:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/dream-chaser-nasa-glenn/

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The Dream Chaser was originally started in 2004 as a project of

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Schierholz, Stephanie; Martin, Stephanie (September 16, 2014).

1852: 975: 939: 845: 282:(SNC) in 2008. In April 2021 the project was taken over by the 4813: 3243:"Dream Chaser suffers landing gear failure after first flight" 2629:"NASA, SPACEDEV TO COLLABORATE ON FUTURE SPACE TRANSPORTATION" 2437:"Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser will get Lockheed Martin's help" 2354:"SNC Shooting Star Wins Contract for Unmanned Orbital Outpost" 2298:"SNC'S "SHOOTING STAR" ARRIVES AT NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER" 305:

on conventional runways. A proposed version to be operated by

6035: 6030: 5932: 5108: 5103: 4927: 4187:"Blue Origin, Sierra Space, and Boeing announce Orbital Reef" 3986:"NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver touts Colorado's role" 3479:"NASA Wins; Boeing and Space X Shuttle Contracts Ruled Valid" 1146:

will pay for the mission and provide all support facilities.

1058: 4798: 3358:"Dream Chaser passes Wind Tunnel tests for CCiCap Milestone" 5073: 3265: 1246:

Flight Test Article (FTA) to be used for atmospheric tests

801:

awards in every phase since 2009, due to lack of maturity.

777:

Dream Chaser model being tested at NASA Langley, aboard an

632:

in California for a series of ground tests and aerodynamic

501: 302: 294: 75: 3384:"First Piece of Private Dream Chaser Space Plane Unveiled" 414:

In July 2020, Sierra Nevada announced a contract with the

3429:

Why NASA Rejected Sierra Nevada's Commercial Crew Vehicle

3234: 3105:"SNC and NASA Langley announce Five Years of Partnership" 1002: 994:

Artist's conception of the crewed Dream Chaser docked to

606: 271:. Sierra plans to manufacture a fleet of the spaceplane. 4516:

Completion of the initial DC4EU study (March 2, 2015). "

4417: 3817:"Dream Chaser® Spacecraft Passes Another NASA Milestone" 3274:"Sierra Nevada investigates Dream Chaser landing mishap" 1112: 407:

disposal of unwanted cargo by burning up upon re-entry.

4577:

Pesce, Ottavia; Schwandt, Kimberly (October 22, 2019).

3705: 3528:. Spaceflight Insider. December 3, 2014. Archived from 2901:"NASA awards $ 270 million for commercial crew efforts" 2703: 2685:"NASA Signs Commercial Space Transportation Agreements" 2290: 2039:"SNC Selects ULA for Dream Chaser® Spacecraft Launches" 1009:

program. Featuring an expendable cargo module mounting

4135:"Sierra Nevada Corporation to spin off space division" 3063: 2467:"Dream Chaser: Sierra Nevada's Design for Spaceflight" 914:

The originally planned Dream Chaser Space System is a

804:

On September 26, Sierra Nevada filed a protest to the

4472:. WFXS FOX55 WAUSAU. November 5, 2014. Archived from 4426:"Europe eyes cooperation on Dream Chaser space plane" 3691: 542:, with the second suborbital vehicle proposed by the 4552: 4293: 4278: 3714:"Dream Chaser still fighting for her place in space" 3296: 3180:"Boeing, SpaceX and Sierra Nevada Win CCiCAP Awards" 3155:"Sierra Nevada Completes Dream Chaser Safety Review" 3149: 3147: 2542:. Aviation Week & Space Technology. p. 28. 2496:. Aviation Week & Space Technology. p. 52. 2316: 2238: 2198:"Tile Shop Prepping Heat Shields for Future Flights" 1792: 1036:

and as of May 2024 is scheduled for September 2024.

859:

In 2015, the ETA had reportedly been given the name

576:

was awarded $ 20 million in seed money under NASA's

4691:(Report). Vol. IG-18-016. NASA. pp. 27–28 3637: 2396: 2394: 2392: 1962:"Sierra Nevada explores other uses of Dream Chaser" 1318:Sierra Space vague in response to NASA OIG report. 289:The cargo Dream Chaser is designed to resupply the 16:

US reusable automated cargo lifting-body spaceplane

3792:"Dream Chaser spacecraft passes testing milestone" 3338:"Dream Chaser mini-shuttle given 2016 launch date" 3099: 3097: 3009: 2430: 2428: 2115: 2113: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2010: 2008: 4535:"DLR Renews Cooperation with SNC on Dream Chaser" 4528: 4526: 3144: 3041:"Dream Chaser ETA heads to Dryden for drop tests" 2380: 6066: 5584: 4599: 4558: 4088:"The Space Show : Mark Sirangelo interview" 3396: 3185: 2389: 2168:"SNC Abandons Own Hybrid Motors on Dream Chaser" 2153:"Virgin Galactic Hails RocketMotorTwo Milestone" 4726:"And then there were two...#DreamsWorthChasing" 4673: 3863: 3194:"NASA Astronaut Lee Archambault Leaving Agency" 3094: 2985:. dailycamera.com. May 29, 2012. Archived from 2425: 2264: 2159: 2110: 2026: 2005: 670:for Dream Chaser. This milestone evaluated the 4523: 4448: 4334: 3869: 3332: 3330: 3208: 3034: 3032: 2190: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1142:that have no space programs of their own. The 1048: 734:On March 13, 2013, NASA announced that former 5848: 5570: 5425: 4829: 4746: 4723: 4630: 4518:http://www.sncorp.com/AboutUs/NewsDetails/749 3737: 2845:"Businesses Take Flight, With Help From NASA" 2531: 2485: 2376: 2374: 1132:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 402:In 2019, it was announced that an expendable 3893: 3891: 3889: 3554:. NASA Blog blogs.nasa.gov. December 2, 2014 2818:"Dream Chaser Model Drops in at NASA Dryden" 2150: 2067:"Dream Chaser Model Drops in at NASA Dryden" 1955: 1953: 1039: 385: 4655:"Sierra Space completes first Dream Chaser" 3350: 3327: 3120: 3118: 3029: 3001: 2810: 2491: 1768: 278:, a company that was later acquired by the 6054:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles 5855: 5841: 5577: 5563: 5432: 5418: 4836: 4822: 4804:CG rendering of Dream Chaser servicing ISS 4572: 4570: 4532: 4498:. ERAU Scholarly Commons. November 5, 2014 4386: 4299: 4284: 4016:"NewSpace 2011: Sierra Nevada Corporation" 3846:"First Dream Chaser mission slips to 2022" 3566: 3552:"SNC Tests Dream Chaser Propulsion System" 3444: 3437:, October 11, 2014. Accessed: 2014-10-13. 2893: 2589: 2371: 1866:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles 38: 4679: 4184: 4028: 4013: 3886: 3682: 3650: 3638:Christian Davenport (February 13, 2015). 3173: 2975: 2957: 2935: 2867: 2784: 2752: 2734: 2677: 2400: 2015:De Chiara, Giuseppe (November 19, 2012). 2014: 1950: 1781:A helicopter used for lifting the vehicle 942:that handles commercial air traffic. Its 844:from the existing CRS-1 contract holders 553:announced that it had partnered with the 4210: 4082: 4080: 4037: 3115: 2836: 2820:. NASA. January 31, 2017. Archived from 2651: 2595: 2537: 2244: 2216: 2119: 989: 938:on re-entry) and landing on any airport 926:N12 rocket. The vehicle will be able to 902: 772: 500:The Dream Chaser design is derived from 491: 327: 44:Dream Chaser flight test vehicle in 2013 4567: 4533:de Selding, Peter B. (April 17, 2015). 4392: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3922: 3789: 3602: 3600: 3572: 3271: 3007: 2744:. SNC. February 1, 2010. Archived from 2555: 2549: 2509: 2383:"Sierra Nevada Building On NASA Design" 2381:Frank Morring, Jr (February 19, 2010). 2165: 686:, mission systems, and ground systems. 663:on the Dream Chaser and Atlas V stack. 397: 6067: 4405:from the original on December 16, 2013 4185:Davenport, Justin (October 27, 2021). 4052:Rendezvous: Where Today Meets Tomorrow 3711: 3476: 3450: 3253:from the original on February 28, 2014 3240: 3191: 3051:from the original on December 16, 2013 3038: 2710:Fikes, Bradley J. (October 21, 2008). 2559:Wingless Flight The Lifting Body Story 2538:R. Asker, James (September 24, 1990). 2447:from the original on February 17, 2013 1818:RLV Technology Demonstration Programme 985: 934:(typically experiencing less than 1.5 421: 23:(SSC) spaceplane. For other uses, see 5836: 5558: 5413: 4817: 4423: 4236: 4077: 3843: 3606: 3315:from the original on January 30, 2014 3302: 3272:Harwood, William (October 29, 2013). 2842: 2709: 2687:. NASA. June 18, 2007. Archived from 2626: 2492:H. Phillips, Edward (July 15, 1991). 2324:"SNC Shooting Star Transport Vehicle" 2132:from the original on November 4, 2013 2059: 1959: 1113:Dream Chaser for European Utilization 863:, while the FTA was originally named 696:Commercial Crew Integrated Capability 674:to the landing gear during simulated 651:analysis of Dream Chaser, as well as 5862: 4908:Bristol Ascender, Spacebus, Spacecab 4559:Seemangal, Robin (October 3, 2016). 4436:from the original on January 9, 2014 4256: 4000: 3597: 3477:Browne, Clayton (October 22, 2014). 3434:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3284:from the original on January 6, 2014 3082:from the original on January 8, 2014 3069: 2722:from the original on January 7, 2014 2665:from the original on January 7, 2014 2608:from the original on January 4, 2014 2596:Klingler, Dave (September 6, 2012). 2434: 2413:from the original on January 7, 2014 2401:Rosenberg, Zach (January 30, 2013). 2120:Klingler, Dave (September 6, 2012). 2073:from the original on January 6, 2014 1725:6th contracted CRS mission for NASA 1700:5th contracted CRS mission for NASA 1675:4th contracted CRS mission for NASA 1647:3rd contracted CRS mission for NASA 1619:2nd contracted CRS mission for NASA 1591:1st contracted CRS mission for NASA 1024:as well as the (soon to be retired) 720:of Dream Chaser would take place at 592:of a 15% scaled version at the NASA 354:to perform resupply missions to the 4393:Messier, Doug (December 16, 2013). 4368:"Sierra Space raises $ 1.4 billion" 4211:Chappell, Bill (October 25, 2021). 4090:. David Livingston. January 4, 2012 4029:Sirangelo, Mark (August 24, 2014). 3978: 3738:Kenneth Chang (November 11, 2017). 3573:Messier, Doug (December 23, 2014). 3303:David, Leonard (October 29, 2013). 2913: 2855:from the original on August 9, 2014 2843:Chang, Kenneth (February 1, 2011). 2351: 2245:Thompson, Amy (November 21, 2019). 2019:. NASASpaceflight.com. p. 26. 1152: 850:Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems 546:for the purposes of space tourism. 109:Robotic cargo vehicle version, also 13: 6100:Sierra Nevada Corporation aircraft 4747:@SierraSpaceCo (January 6, 2023). 4724:@SierraSpaceCo (August 30, 2022). 4424:Clark, Stephen (January 8, 2014). 3923:Gamillo, Elizabeth (May 9, 2024). 3241:Bergin, Chris (October 26, 2013). 2517:. NASA. p. 72. Archived from 832: 14: 6126: 4777: 4237:Grush, Loren (October 25, 2021). 4065:from the original on May 10, 2013 3844:Foust, Jeff (November 18, 2020). 3712:Bergin, Chris (October 6, 2015). 3451:Keeney, Laura (October 3, 2014). 2604:. Boston: Conde Nast. p. 2. 2270: 2166:Messier, Doug (August 19, 2014). 2128:. Boston: Conde Nast. p. 3. 1209: 1125: 898: 653:guidance, navigation, and control 454:guidance, navigation, and control 111:Crewed orbital spaceplane version 5901: 5462:Uncrewed spaceflights to the ISS 5439: 4763: 4740: 4717: 4705: 4689:NASA Office of Inspector General 4647: 4624: 4510: 4488: 3899:"Vulcan Centaur VC4 - CRS SNC-1" 3870:Michael Sheetz (May 17, 2022). 3218:. March 13, 2013. Archived from 3182:. spacenews.com, August 3, 2012. 2792:"Commercial Crew: Sierra Nevada" 2712:"SpaceDev agrees to be acquired" 2435:Dean, James (January 30, 2013). 2047:(Press release). August 14, 2019 1960:Foust, Jeff (January 14, 2020). 1795: 809:Government Accountability Office 678:as well as the impact of future 621:it was "on time and on budget." 599: 567: 263:is set to be produced after the 4843: 4799:United Launch Alliance web site 4631:@SierraSpaceCo (May 20, 2022). 4462: 4360: 4308: 4230: 4204: 4178: 4153: 4127: 4102: 4014:Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). 3988:. Youtube.com. February 5, 2011 3964: 3942: 3916: 3837: 3825:(Press release). March 21, 2019 3809: 3796:Aerospace Testing International 3790:Sampson, Ben (March 27, 2019). 3783: 3757: 3731: 3701:. Space Daily. October 9, 2015. 3676: 3631: 3544: 3518: 3496: 3470: 3421: 3390: 3376: 3008:Lindsey, Clark (May 14, 2013). 2967:(Press release). Archived from 2620: 2503: 2459: 2097:Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) 450:Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 4789:Sierra Space Dream Chaser page 3683:Dan Leone (January 24, 2015). 3192:Bolden, Jay (March 13, 2013). 3157:. May 10, 2013. Archived from 3070:Wall, Mike (August 26, 2013). 3039:Bergin, Chris (May 12, 2013). 2949:. May 30, 2012. Archived from 2927:. June 6, 2012. Archived from 2144: 2085: 1979: 1122:for an additional two years. 1098:in November 2016. This was a 1007:Commercial Resupply Services-2 659:, the NASA/SNC team performed 350:is currently contracted under 1: 4300:Jeff Foust (March 17, 2015). 4285:Jeff Foust (March 13, 2015). 3506:. SpaceRef. December 29, 2014 2760:"Text of Space Act Agreement" 2151:Doug Messier (May 24, 2014). 1944: 630:Dryden Flight Research Center 594:Dryden Flight Research Center 506:HL-20 Personnel Launch System 361: 323: 217:HL-20 Personnel Launch System 6090:Aircraft first flown in 2013 5048:Hypersonic Flight Experiment 4680:OIG Staff (April 26, 2018). 3386:. Space.com. August 6, 2014. 2910:. space.com, April 18, 2011. 2352:Ben, Evans (July 17, 2020). 1871:Commercial Resupply Services 1140:United Nations member states 839:Commercial Resupply Services 461:– airframe construction and 7: 5253:Martin Marietta Spacemaster 4266:. SpaceNews. March 18, 2015 2333:. Sierra Nevada Corporation 2304:. Sierra Nevada Corporation 1919:Commercial Crew Development 1788: 1380: 1138:to provide space access to 1049:Dream Chaser Global Project 996:International Space Station 893: 799:Commercial Crew Development 578:Commercial Crew Development 291:International Space Station 255:. Originally intended as a 86:International Space Station 10: 6133: 6115:Proposed crewed spacecraft 5699:Command and service module 4563:. The Observer (New York). 4458:. SNC. September 29, 2014. 2510:Wallace, Lance E. (1996). 1876:Automated Transfer Vehicle 1281:Spacecraft to be flown on 836: 676:approach and landing tests 487: 19:This article is about the 18: 6049: 6003: 5987: 5956: 5910: 5899: 5870: 5809: 5731: 5648: 5597: 5526: 5507: 5499:Sierra Nevada Corporation 5491: 5470: 5447: 5367: 5336: 5235: 5190: 5174: 5167: 5096: 5062: 5035: 5019: 5012: 4977: 4961: 4895: 4888: 4867: 4851: 4702:additional costs to NASA. 4584:Sierra Nevada Corporation 4058:(2): 10–15. Summer 2010. 3822:Sierra Nevada Corporation 2633:NASA Ames Research Center 2044:Sierra Nevada Corporation 1373: Spaceflight vehicle 1040:National Security version 792: 689: 574:Sierra Nevada Corporation 562:Sierra Nevada Corporation 392:thermal protection system 386:Thermal protection system 358:over the next few years. 309:(ESA) would launch on an 280:Sierra Nevada Corporation 265:Dream Chaser Cargo System 261:Dream Chaser Space System 232: 222: 212: 207: 203: 199: 191: 183: 175: 167: 162: 158: 154: 150: 140: 123: 115: 105: 100: 96: 92: 81: 71: 63: 53: 49: 37: 5385:X-41 Common Aero Vehicle 3972:"And the booster is out" 1859:Other ISS cargo vehicles 1843:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 867:before being changed to 301:rocket and autonomously 284:Sierra Space Corporation 21:Sierra Space Corporation 5395:Military flying saucers 3718:www.nasaspaceflight.com 2906:April 19, 2011, at the 1912:Other ISS crew vehicles 1055:German Aerospace Center 944:reaction control system 655:systems. Together with 435:reaction control system 416:Defense Innovation Unit 187:0 (4 atmospheric tests) 5308:NASA X-38 (Spacewedge) 5182:Boeing X-37 (tech dem) 4401:. Mojave, California. 4320:United Launch Alliance 3607:Davenport, Christian. 2794:. NASA. Archived from 2582:on December 18, 2014. 2556:R. Dale, Reed (1997). 2524:on February 17, 2015. 2443:. Melbourne, Florida. 2409:. Sutton, Surrey, UK. 1158:Dream Chaser vehicles 1053:In December 2013, the 998: 911: 782: 722:Edwards Air Force Base 708:New Orleans, Louisiana 684:Atlas V launch vehicle 555:United Launch Alliance 529:Martin X-24A and X-24B 497: 478:University of Colorado 374:for Virgin Galactic's 333: 5263:Orbital Sciences X-34 4784:Sierra Space web site 3409:on September 19, 2014 3128:. SNC. Archived from 2565:. NASA. p. 180. 1901:Progress (spacecraft) 1896:H-II Transfer Vehicle 1838:Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar 1531:2nd free flight test 1503:1st free flight test 1477:2nd atmospheric test 1451:1st atmospheric test 1387:Cape Canaveral SLC-41 1066:European Space Agency 1064:In January 2014, the 993: 958:version as of 2021. 906: 837:Further information: 776: 572:On February 1, 2010, 495: 372:similar hybrid rocket 368:hybrid rocket engines 331: 307:European Space Agency 6011:Andrews Cargo Module 5268:Rockwell X-30 (NASP) 5248:DARPA Falcon Project 4633:"@DutchSpace DC-101" 4607:"Dream Chaser Cargo" 3585:on December 25, 2014 2748:on February 7, 2010. 2627:Mewhinney, Michael. 1991:www.businesswire.com 1096:Kennedy Space Center 920:launch escape system 823:William Gerstenmaier 564:for US$ 38 million. 544:Benson Space Company 398:Shooting Star module 6110:Reusable spacecraft 6105:American spacecraft 6085:Proposed spacecraft 6080:Private spaceflight 5704:Apollo Lunar Module 5226:Shuttle–Mir Program 5198:North American X-15 5159:Zvezda (Tu-136/139) 5097:Soviet Union/Russia 4611:Gunter's Space Page 4476:on November 7, 2014 4374:. November 19, 2021 4191:nasaspaceflight.com 3771:. November 24, 2017 3769:nasaspaceflight.com 3644:The Washington Post 3532:on December 8, 2014 3441:on October 13, 2014 3362:NASASpaceflight.com 3346:. January 24, 2014. 3045:NasaSpaceFlight.com 2953:on August 13, 2012. 2931:on August 13, 2012. 2473:. November 14, 2017 1881:Cygnus (spacecraft) 1848:Hermes (spacecraft) 1307:Under construction 1159: 1070:Guiana Space Centre 986:CRS-2 cargo version 924:human-rated Atlas V 473:systems engineering 422:Technology partners 295:launched vertically 34: 5149:RAKS (Tu-444/2000) 4661:. November 6, 2023 4348:. February 9, 2022 4165:washingtonpost.cim 3929:Astronomy Magazine 3744:The New York Times 3664:. January 12, 2016 2881:on January 6, 2014 1939:Soyuz (spacecraft) 1929:SpaceX Crew Dragon 1853:RSC Energia Kliper 1803:Spaceflight portal 1523:November 11, 2017 1520:November 11, 2017 1500:Erickson Skycrane 1474:Erickson Skycrane 1367: Test vehicle 1157: 1100:privately arranged 999: 912: 783: 770:in November 2016. 726:autonomous robotic 498: 334: 208:Related spacecraft 32: 6062: 6061: 5830: 5829: 5586:Crewed spacecraft 5552: 5551: 5407: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5380:TR-3A Black Manta 5208:Martin X-23 PRIME 5058: 5057: 5008: 5007: 4794:SpaceDev web site 4322:. August 14, 2019 3222:on March 17, 2013 3132:on August 7, 2012 3111:on July 31, 2012. 2971:on April 8, 2013. 2772:on April 28, 2023 2639:on August 3, 2009 2178:on March 16, 2016 1934:Orel (spacecraft) 1764: 1763: 1527:Boeing-Vertol 234 1497:October 26, 2013 1494:October 26, 2013 1447:Erickson Skycrane 1378: 1377: 1358: 1357: 1078:Hermes Spaceplane 928:return from space 607:airfoil fin shape 533:Martin X-23 PRIME 465:of the spaceplane 336:The Dream Chaser 303:land horizontally 236: 235: 64:Country of origin 6122: 5905: 5864:Cargo spacecraft 5857: 5850: 5843: 5834: 5833: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5527:Related vehicles 5519: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5172: 5171: 5017: 5016: 4893: 4892: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4696: 4686: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4141:. 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Archived from 3394: 3388: 3387: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3334: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3247:NASA Spaceflight 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3161:on June 10, 2013 3151: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3107:. Archived from 3101: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2824:on June 12, 2012 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2798:on July 23, 2012 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2771: 2765:. Archived from 2764: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2691:on June 21, 2007 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2635:. Archived from 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2575:. Archived from 2564: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2398: 2387: 2386: 2385:. Aviation Week. 2378: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2328: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2174:. Archived from 2163: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2117: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2035: 2024: 2023: 2012: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1957: 1924:Boeing Starliner 1805: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1782: 1779: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1713: 1688: 1506:Partial success 1471:August 22, 2013 1468:August 22, 2013 1405: 1404: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1348: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1315: 1299: 1298: 1278: 1260: 1259: 1243: 1227: 1226: 1196: 1195: 1160: 1156: 1153:List of vehicles 888:Orlando Sentinel 583: 116:Payload capacity 42: 35: 31: 6132: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6045: 5999: 5983: 5979:HTV (Kounotori) 5952: 5906: 5897: 5866: 5861: 5831: 5826: 5805: 5727: 5644: 5593: 5583: 5553: 5548: 5544:SpaceX Dragon 2 5522: 5517: 5503: 5487: 5471:Launch vehicles 5466: 5443: 5438: 5408: 5399: 5390:Aurora aircraft 5363: 5332: 5231: 5186: 5163: 5092: 5054: 5031: 5004: 4973: 4957: 4884: 4863: 4847: 4842: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4764: 4745: 4741: 4722: 4718: 4706: 4694: 4692: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4587:(Press release) 4575: 4568: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4531: 4524: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4430:Spaceflight Now 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4298: 4294: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4114:spacepolicy.com 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4086: 4085: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4033:. AmericaSpace. 4021: 4019: 4012: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3897: 3896: 3887: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3710: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3619:on May 13, 2015 3613:Washington Post 3605: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3449: 3445: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3395: 3391: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3190: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3103: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2989:on May 31, 2012 2981: 2980: 2976: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2908:Wayback Machine 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2841: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2594: 2590: 2579: 2573: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2536: 2532: 2521: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2433: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2399: 2390: 2379: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2277:We Report Space 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2164: 2160: 2155:. ParabolicArc. 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2118: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2037: 2036: 2027: 2013: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1993:. March 7, 2024 1985: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1958: 1951: 1947: 1891:SpaceX Dragon 2 1886:SpaceX Dragon 1 1801: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1769: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1722:Vulcan Centaur 1711: 1697:Vulcan Centaur 1686: 1672:Vulcan Centaur 1644:Vulcan Centaur 1616:Vulcan Centaur 1588:Vulcan Centaur 1459:Captive Test 2 1431:Captive Test 1 1420:Launch vehicle 1383: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1346: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1313: 1296: 1295: 1276: 1257: 1256: 1241: 1224: 1223: 1193: 1192: 1178:Time in flight 1155: 1128: 1115: 1051: 1042: 1018:payload fairing 988: 901: 896: 841: 835: 833:CRS-2 selection 795: 742:Lee Archambault 700:Lockheed Martin 692: 680:orbital flights 611:flight software 602: 581: 570: 490: 459:Lockheed Martin 424: 400: 388: 364: 326: 269:low Earth orbit 241:is an American 136: 110: 106:Spacecraft type 45: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6130: 6129: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6095:Lifting bodies 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5911:In development 5908: 5907: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5883:Cargo Dragon 2 5880: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5859: 5852: 5845: 5837: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5816:United States 5813: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5779: 5773:United States 5771: 5770: 5769: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5735: 5733: 5732:In development 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5675:United States 5673: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5624:United States 5622: 5621: 5620: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5559: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5414: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5368:Black projects 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5354:SpaceShipThree 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5337:In development 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5293:Rocketplane XP 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5258:X-20 Dyna-Soar 5255: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5144:MAKS (Molniya) 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5124:Keldysh bomber 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5039: 5037: 5036:In development 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4978:In development 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4841: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4779: 4778:External links 4776: 4774: 4773: 4762: 4755:) – via 4739: 4732:) – via 4716: 4672: 4646: 4639:) – via 4623: 4598: 4566: 4551: 4522: 4509: 4487: 4461: 4447: 4416: 4385: 4359: 4346:Space Explored 4333: 4307: 4292: 4277: 4255: 4229: 4203: 4177: 4152: 4126: 4101: 4076: 4036: 4018:. Spacevidcast 3999: 3977: 3963: 3952:. May 20, 2024 3941: 3915: 3885: 3878:) – via 3862: 3836: 3808: 3782: 3756: 3730: 3704: 3690: 3675: 3649: 3630: 3596: 3565: 3543: 3517: 3495: 3469: 3443: 3427:Norris, Guy. " 3420: 3389: 3375: 3364:. May 19, 2014 3349: 3326: 3295: 3264: 3233: 3207: 3184: 3172: 3143: 3114: 3093: 3062: 3028: 3016:NewSpace Watch 3000: 2974: 2956: 2934: 2912: 2892: 2866: 2851:. p. D1. 2849:New York Times 2835: 2809: 2783: 2751: 2733: 2702: 2676: 2650: 2619: 2588: 2571: 2548: 2530: 2502: 2484: 2458: 2424: 2388: 2370: 2344: 2315: 2289: 2263: 2237: 2215: 2202:blogs.nasa.gov 2189: 2158: 2143: 2109: 2084: 2058: 2025: 2004: 1978: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1807: 1806: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1559:Vulcan Centaur 1556: 1553: 1550: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1391:Vulcan Centaur 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1333: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1300: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1197: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1154: 1151: 1127: 1126:United Nations 1124: 1114: 1111: 1050: 1047: 1041: 1038: 987: 984: 900: 899:Crewed version 897: 895: 892: 834: 831: 794: 791: 691: 688: 613:and hardware, 601: 598: 569: 566: 525:Northrop HL-10 521:Northrop M2-F3 517:Northrop M2-F2 513:X-20 Dyna-Soar 489: 486: 485: 484: 475: 466: 456: 447: 438: 423: 420: 399: 396: 387: 384: 363: 360: 325: 322: 299:Vulcan Centaur 234: 233: 230: 229: 227:Vulcan Centaur 224: 223:Launch vehicle 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 135: 134: 131: 127: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 101:Specifications 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 89: 88:(ISS) resupply 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6128: 6127: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5821: 5820:SpaceShip III 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5711:Space Shuttle 5709: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5655:Soviet Union 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5580: 5575: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5539:SpaceX Dragon 5537: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5243:Chrysler SERV 5241: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5218:Space Shuttle 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5168:United States 5166: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4875:Project 921-3 4873: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4771: 4766: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4712:public domain 4703: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4660: 4659:spacenews.com 4656: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4616:September 30, 4612: 4608: 4602: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4573: 4571: 4562: 4555: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4497: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4457: 4451: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4404: 4400: 4399:Parabolic Arc 4396: 4389: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4304:. Space News. 4303: 4296: 4289:. 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