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towards an intended/targeted region of scientific value, and a safe landing that guarantees the integrity of the instrumentation on the craft is preserved. While the robotic spacecraft is going through those parts, it must also be capable of estimating its position compared to the surface in order to ensure reliable control of itself and its ability to maneuver well. The robotic spacecraft must also efficiently perform hazard assessment and trajectory adjustments in real time to avoid hazards. To achieve this, the robotic spacecraft requires accurate knowledge of where the spacecraft is located relative to the surface (localization), what may pose as hazards from the terrain (hazard assessment), and where the spacecraft should presently be headed (hazard avoidance). Without the capability for operations for localization, hazard assessment, and avoidance, the robotic spacecraft becomes unsafe and can easily enter dangerous situations such as surface collisions, undesirable fuel consumption levels, and/or unsafe maneuvers.
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running at high voltages. Then, the aligned positively charged ions accelerates through a negative charged accelerator grid that further increases the speed of the ions up to 40 kilometres per second (90,000 mph). The momentum of these positively charged ions provides the thrust to propel the spacecraft forward. The advantage of having this kind of propulsion is that it is incredibly efficient in maintaining constant velocity, which is needed for deep-space travel. However, the amount of thrust produced is extremely low and that it needs a lot of electrical power to operate.
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779:, into a 357-by-2,543-kilometre (193 by 1,373 nmi) orbit on 31 January 1958. Explorer I was an 205-centimetre (80.75 in) long by 15.2-centimetre (6.00 in) diameter cylinder weighing 14.0 kilograms (30.8 lb), compared to Sputnik 1, a 58-centimeter (23 in) sphere which weighed 83.6 kilograms (184 lb). Explorer 1 carried sensors which confirmed the existence of the Van Allen belts, a major scientific discovery at the time, while Sputnik 1 carried no scientific sensors. On 17 March 1958, the US orbited its second satellite,
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to go, but not exactly how to get there. Instead, the command contains the coordinates of waypoints toward a desired destination. The rover must navigate from waypoint to waypoint without human help. The rover has to use its 'brain' and its 'eyes' for these instances. The 'brain' of each rover is the onboard computer software that tells the rover how to navigate based on what the
Hazcams (hazard avoidance cameras) see. It is programmed with a given set of responses to a given set of circumstances. This is called 'autonomy and hazard avoidance.'
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pre-recorded information and cameras to understand its location and determine its position and whether it is correct or needs to make any corrections (localization). The cameras are also used to detect any possible hazards whether it is increased fuel consumption or it is a physical hazard such as a poor landing spot in a crater or cliff side that would make landing very not ideal (hazard assessment).
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other and produces the propulsion to push the spacecraft forward. The main benefit for having this technology is because that these kinds of liquids have relatively high density, which allows the volume of the propellent tank to be small, therefore increasing space efficacy. The downside is the same as that of monopropellant propulsion system: very dangerous to manufacture, store, and transport.
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1100:. According to Newton, "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." As the energy and heat is being released from the back of the spacecraft, gas particles are being pushed around to allow the spacecraft to propel forward. The main reason behind the usage of rocket engine today is because rockets are the most powerful form of propulsion there is.
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line and a fuel line. This way, the spacecraft propulsion is controlled. But in a monopropellant propulsion, there is no need for an oxidizer line and only requires the fuel line. This works due to the oxidizer being chemically bonded into the fuel molecule itself. But for the propulsion system to be
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In planetary exploration missions involving robotic spacecraft, there are three key parts in the processes of landing on the surface of the planet to ensure a safe and successful landing. This process includes an entry into the planetary gravity field and atmosphere, a descent through that atmosphere
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Communication with Earth is only twice per sol (martian day) so the rover is on its own (autonomous) for much of its journey across the martian landscape. Scientists send commands to the rover in a morning 'uplink' and gather data in an afternoon 'downlink.' During an uplink, the rover is told where
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to interpret the immediate imagery land data, perform a real-time detection and avoidance of terrain hazards that may impede safe landing, and increase the accuracy of landing at a desired site of interest using landmark localization techniques. Integrated sensing completes these tasks by relying on
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are too distant to reach with current crewed spaceflight technology, so telerobotic probes are the only way to explore them. Telerobotics also allows exploration of regions that are vulnerable to contamination by Earth micro-organisms since spacecraft can be sterilized. Humans can not be sterilized
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is a robotic spacecraft that does not orbit Earth, but instead, explores further into outer space. Space probes have different sets of scientific instruments onboard. A space probe may approach the Moon; travel through interplanetary space; flyby, orbit, or land on other planetary bodies; or enter
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to radio back to Earth acquired data and vehicle status information. Although generally referred to as "remotely controlled" or "telerobotic", the earliest orbital spacecraft – such as
Sputnik 1 and Explorer 1 – did not receive control signals from Earth. Soon after these first spacecraft, command
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This system is mainly responsible for the correct spacecraft's orientation in space (attitude) despite external disturbance-gravity gradient effects, magnetic-field torques, solar radiation and aerodynamic drag; in addition it may be required to reposition movable parts, such as antennas and solar
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A bipropellant propulsion system is a rocket engine that uses a liquid propellant. This means both the oxidizer and fuel line are in liquid states. This system is unique because it requires no ignition system, the two liquids would spontaneously combust as soon as they come into contact with each
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to a propellant atom (neutrally charge), it removes electrons from the propellant atom and this results in the propellant atom becoming a positively charged atom. The positively charged ions are guided to pass through positively charged grids that contains thousands of precise aligned holes are
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Current space missions exhibit a rapid growth in the requirements for on-board autonomy. This is the result of increases in mission complexity, intensity of mission activity and mission duration. In addition, for interplanetary spacecraft, the operations are characterized by complicated ground
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Robotic spacecraft are specifically designed system for a specific hostile environment. Due to their specification for a particular environment, it varies greatly in complexity and capabilities. While an uncrewed spacecraft is a spacecraft without personnel or crew and is operated by automatic
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to travel through space by generating thrust to push it forward. However, there is not one universally used propulsion system: monopropellant, bipropellant, ion propulsion, etc. Each propulsion system generates thrust in slightly different ways with each system having its own advantages and
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The transmission of information between the earth and spacecraft, between two or more points on the earth via spacecraft or using artificial means located in space (a belt of needles, a cloud of ionized particles, and so on), and between two or more
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The animal, launched on a one-way trip on board
Sputnik 2 in November 1957, was said to have died painlessly in orbit about a week after blast-off. Now, it has been revealed she died from overheating and panic just a few hours after the mission
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engines. The general idea behind rocket engines is that when an oxidizer meets the fuel source, there is explosive release of energy and heat at high speeds, which propels the spacecraft forward. This happens due to one basic principle known as
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Nine other countries have successfully launched satellites using their own launch vehicles: France (1965), Japan and China (1970), the United
Kingdom (1971), India (1980), Israel (1988), Iran (2009), North Korea (2012), and South Korea (2022).
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1248:) can only be performed, within the limits of modern propulsion, using gravitational slingshots. A technique using very little propulsion, but requiring a considerable amount of time, is to follow a trajectory on the
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Spacecraft are often protected from temperature fluctuations with insulation. Some spacecraft use mirrors and sunshades for additional protection from solar heating. They also often need shielding from
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control access, due to the large distances and the relevant solar system environment To handle these problemsn, the spacecraft design has to include some form of autonomous control capability.
618:, in which they have a pre-programmed list of operations that will be executed unless otherwise instructed. A robotic spacecraft for scientific measurements is often called a space probe or
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1164:(proceeds with an action without human intervention) or remote control (with human intervention). The term 'uncrewed spacecraft' does not imply that the spacecraft is robotic.
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are robotic spacecraft. Not every uncrewed spacecraft is a robotic spacecraft; for example, a reflector ball is a non-robotic uncrewed spacecraft. Space missions where other
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Mechanical components often need to be moved for deployment after launch or prior to landing. In addition to the use of motors, many one-time movements are controlled by
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in the same way as a spaceship, as they coexist with numerous micro-organisms, and these micro-organisms are also hard to contain within a spaceship or spacesuit.
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1349:' operation by transporting food, propellant and other supplies. This is different from a space probe, whose missions are to conduct scientific investigations.
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1965 Mars flyby snapped the first images of its cratered surface, which the
Soviets responded to a few months later with images from on its surface from
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subsystem include radio antennas, transmitters and receivers. These may be used to communicate with ground stations on Earth, or with other spacecraft.
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propulsion system is a type of engine that generates thrust by the means of electron bombardment or the acceleration of ions. By shooting high-energy
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923:(or platform). The bus provides physical structure, thermal control, electrical power, attitude control and telemetry, tracking and commanding.
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756:, was put into a 215-by-939-kilometer (116 by 507 nmi) Earth orbit by the USSR on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the USSR orbited
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interstellar space. Space probes send collected data to Earth. Space probes can be orbiters, landers, and rovers. Space probes can also
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The success of these early missions began a race between the US and the USSR to outdo each other with increasingly ambitious probes.
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783:, which was about the size of a grapefruit, and which remains in a 670-by-3,850-kilometre (360 by 2,080 nmi) orbit as of 2016.
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is important for distant probes where the light travel time prevents rapid decision and control from Earth. Newer probes such as
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was the first probe to study another planet, revealing Venus' extremely hot temperature to scientists in 1962, while the Soviet
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2329:"Frequently Asked Questions (Athena for kids): Q) Is the rover controlled by itself or controlled by scientists on Earth?"
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in outer space used to observe astronomical objects. Space telescopes avoid the filtering and distortion of
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2159:"Dynamic modeling and simulation of an integral bipropellant propulsion double-valve combined test system"
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are highly autonomous and use on-board computers to operate independently for extended periods of time.
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Many habitable spacecraft also have varying levels of robotic features. For example, the space stations
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790:, launched on 23 September 1958. The goal of a lunar probe repeatedly failed until 4 January 1959 when
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1759:"Blast from the past: An insider's account of India's first successful experimental satellite launch"
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843:, launched 5 September 1977. It entered interstellar space on 25 August 2012, followed by its twin
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operation, due to lower cost and risk factors. In addition, some planetary destinations such as
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Zhang, Bin (October 2014). "A verification framework with application to a propulsion system".
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760:. Weighing 113 kilograms (249 lb), Sputnik 2 carried the first animal into orbit, the dog
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This is sometimes referred to as the command and data subsystem. It is often responsible for:
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on board. Uncrewed spacecraft may have varying levels of autonomy from human input, such as
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was launched, orbited Earth, and landed as an uncrewed spacecraft in 1988 (left). Model of
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similar to the Earth's orbit. To reach another planet, the simplest practical method is a
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Once a probe has left the vicinity of Earth, its trajectory will likely take it along an
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1902:"Air University Space Primer, Chapter 10 – Spacecraft Design, Structure And Operation"
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2680:"China rolls out rocket for Tianzhou 3 cargo mission ahead of Monday launch (Photos)"
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A collage of automated cargo spacecraft used in the past or present to resupply the
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are too hostile for human survival, given current technology. Outer planets such as
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2653:"China preparing Tianzhou-2 cargo mission to follow upcoming space station launch"
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encounter. They are divided into two types: satellites which map the entire sky (
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2599:
2296:"AUTONOMY AND ON-BOARD MISSION MANAGEMENT ASPECTS FOR THE CASSINI-TITAN PROBE"
2020:
830:
gathered information about the Moon's surface that would prove crucial to the
745:
Dezik and Tsygan. Four other such flights were made through the fall of 1951.
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controlled, the combustion of the fuel can only occur due to a presence of a
920:
787:
768:'s upper stage, the total mass in orbit was 508.3 kilograms (1,121 lb).
703:
411:
406:
401:
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304:
934:
divides the "flight system" of a spacecraft into subsystems. These include:
148:
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2777:
2772:
2299:
1679:"11 February 1970. This Day in History: Japan launches its first satellite"
1399:
1042:
980:
collecting and reporting spacecraft telemetry data (e.g. spacecraft health)
734:
440:
1177:
systems were developed to allow remote control from the ground. Increased
1052:
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ensures spacecraft components are supported and can withstand launch loads
168:
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2726:
1980:
Howard, Ayanna (January 2011). "Rethinking public–private space travel".
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2755:
2496:"NASA Selects SpaceX to be Part of America's Human Spaceflight Program"
2477:"NASA to Provide Coverage of Progress 87 Launch, Space Station Docking"
1849:
1352:
Automated cargo spacecraft have been used since 1978 and have serviced
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As of 2024, four different cargo spacecraft are used to supply the
1357:
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or parts of the sky and beyond. Space telescopes are distinct from
1139:
805:
683:
1588:"In a Breathtaking First, NASA's Voyager 1 Exits the Solar System"
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disadvantages. But, most spacecraft propulsion today is based on
659:
650:
638:
187:
space probe, prior to departure from Earth orbit in 1989 (right).
139:
3603:
983:
collecting and reporting mission data (e.g. photographic images)
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are robotic spacecraft that are designed specifically to carry
1092:
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The supply of electric power on spacecraft generally come from
820:
791:
646:
642:
607:
2695:
1732:"28 October 1971: Britain's only independent satellite launch"
714:
9911:
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8332:
7911:
7843:
7838:
7753:
7708:
7703:
7524:
6986:
6317:
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6054:
6049:
5840:
3736:
3731:
3633:
2600:"NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver touts Colorado's role"
1342:
775:, the United States launched its first artificial satellite,
761:
634:
5185:
R-7 (including
Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
2554:"Falcon 9 launches Cygnus cargo spacecraft to space station"
1876:"South Korea launches first satellite with homegrown rocket"
725:
9946:
9350:
7964:
7848:
7713:
5412:
764:. Since the satellite was not designed to detach from its
663:, launched October 4, 1957 to orbit the Earth. Nearly all
7693:
7063:
7006:
4456:
3154:
1705:"Timeline: Major milestones in Chinese space exploration"
1500:
1361:
1229:
1135:
931:
687:
679:
but no humans are on-board are called uncrewed missions.
1007:
Integrated sensing incorporates an image transformation
834:
mission that landed humans on the Moon two years later.
5381:
3795:
2572:"SNC Selects ULA for Dream Chaser® Spacecraft Launches"
1053:
Temperature control and protection from the environment
958:
provides overall mechanical integrity of the spacecraft
2334:. ATHENA MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS. 2005. Archived from
2068:"Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) Protection"
1108:
For a propulsion system to work, there is usually an
987:
6842:
2293:
4187:
2622:"长征七号遥三火箭 • 天舟二号货运飞船 • LongMarch-7 Y3 • Tianzhou-2"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2474:
1627:"NASA's Voyager 2 Probe Enters Interstellar Space"
1158:
7547:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
1846:"North Korea Launches First Satellite into Orbit"
1194:
733:The first robotic spacecraft was launched by the
10064:
2564:
2298:. ATHENA MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS. Archived from
1786:"Israel Launches its First Satellite into Orbit"
809:was the first atmospheric probe to study Venus.
7653:
2101:"Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Propulsion"
2019:. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Archived from
2014:
1015:
4925:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
1816:"Iran launches first satellite, draws concern"
1002:
950:approaching a robotic asteroid capture vehicle
915:considers a vehicle to consist of the mission
9366:
7814:
7625:
6828:
5397:
4173:
3781:
3549:
2711:
1783:
576:
5361:Timeline of first images of Earth from space
3837:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
2417:
224:
3957:Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)
2644:
2628:(in Chinese). 21 April 2021. Archived from
9373:
9359:
7632:
7618:
6835:
6821:
5776:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
5404:
5390:
4180:
4166:
3788:
3774:
3755:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
3556:
3542:
2718:
2704:
2551:
2047:Space Mission Analysis and Design, 3rd ed.
1960:Space Mission Analysis and Design, 3rd ed.
1756:
1494:
1319:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
1285:), and satellites which focus on selected
794:orbited around the Moon and then the Sun.
583:
569:
7513:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
6670:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
2243:Space Mission Analysis and Design, 3rd ed
2210:
1729:
899:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
9145:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
2294:K. Schilling; W. Flury (11 April 1989).
2045:Wiley J. Larson; James R. Wertz (1999).
1499:. BBC News World Edition. Archived from
1322:
941:
786:The first attempted lunar probe was the
724:
713:
9341:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
8369:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
6755:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
3203:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
2475:Abbey A. Donaldson (12 February 2024).
2241:Wiley J. Larson; James R. Wertz(1999).
1958:Wiley J. Larson; James R. Wertz(1999).
954:The physical backbone structure, which
625:Many space missions are more suited to
614:, or remote guidance. They may also be
14:
10065:
5543:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
3225:Psychological and sociological effects
2520:
2426:"The Interplanetary Transport Network"
1979:
1624:
1585:
1497:"First dog in space died within hours"
1475:Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge
9780:Simultaneous localization and mapping
9354:
7613:
6816:
6333:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
5385:
4161:
3769:
3537:
2699:
2650:
2405:from the original on 26 February 2023
2129:
1934:"Chapter 11. Typical Onboard Systems"
1495:Whitehouse, David (28 October 2002).
1477:, University Press of Florida, 2003,
1146:
1047:radioisotope thermoelectric generator
1024:
657:The first uncrewed space mission was
6795:
4742:Spaceflight-related human fatalities
3563:
2493:
2456:from the original on 20 October 2013
2423:
2192:from the original on 8 November 2023
2156:
2111:from the original on 8 November 2023
2098:
1882:from the original on 8 November 2023
1856:from the original on 8 November 2023
1796:from the original on 8 November 2023
1765:from the original on 8 November 2023
1586:Barnes, Brooks (12 September 2013).
1537:from the original on 2 February 2023
1455:Timeline of Solar System exploration
1307:other types of information gathering
946:An illustration's of NASA's planned
883:Please help consolidate the section.
860:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
7557:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
3947:Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)
2592:
1784:Glenn Frankel (20 September 1988).
1312:
1236:. More complex techniques, such as
1036:
718:A replica of Sputnik 1 at the U.S.
24:
7649:
6990:(incorporated into Salyut program)
5449:National Aeronautics and Space Act
5294:Communications satellite companies
3820:Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)
2934:Weather and environment monitoring
2523:"So SpaceX is having quite a year"
2502:from the original on 15 March 2019
2494:Post, Hannah (16 September 2014).
2211:Patterson, Michael (August 2017).
1244:missions (such as those with high
988:Attitude determination and control
177:Top: The uncrewed resupply vessel
27:Spacecraft without people on board
25:
10109:
6403:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
5957:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
5339:First orbital launches by country
3942:Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
2262:
1826:from the original on 5 March 2023
1738:from the original on 5 March 2023
1711:from the original on 5 March 2023
1685:from the original on 5 March 2023
1657:"France launches first satellite"
1606:from the original on 7 April 2019
1103:
837:The first interstellar probe was
702:are increasingly used for crewed
10044:
10033:
10032:
9449:
9232:
9220:
9208:
7639:
7599:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
6918:
6794:
6783:
6782:
6698:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
6456:Space Flight Operations Facility
5642:Operations and Checkout Building
5366:Timeline of longest spaceflights
3602:
3517:
3507:
3506:
2533:from the original on 9 June 2017
2399:education.nationalgeographic.org
2275:from the original on 2 June 2019
2132:Expert Systems with Applications
1637:from the original on 21 May 2022
1625:Potter, Sean (9 December 2018).
1423:
1250:Interplanetary Transport Network
1220:gather materials from its target
977:maintaining the spacecraft clock
965:
865:
552:
167:
158:
147:
138:
34:
10045:
9108:Gravitationally rounded objects
7562:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
5917:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
5371:Timeline of private spaceflight
5045:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
4905:Communications satellite firsts
3915:Automatic train operation (ATO)
2978:Space launch market competition
2725:
2672:
2651:Jones, Andrew (13 April 2021).
2614:
2580:(Press release). 14 August 2019
2545:
2514:
2487:
2468:
2387:
2365:"NASA - What Is a Space Probe?"
2357:
2321:
2287:
2256:
2235:
2204:
2186:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.10.010
2150:
2123:
2092:
2060:
2039:
2008:
1973:
1952:
1926:
1894:
1868:
1838:
1808:
1777:
1750:
1723:
1557:"NASA - What Is a Space Probe?"
1293:, which point toward Earth for
1159:Robotic vs. uncrewed spacecraft
1120:
45:needs additional citations for
3978:Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
3905:Automated guided vehicle (AGV)
3215:Health threat from cosmic rays
2602:. Youtube.com. 5 February 2011
2552:Jeff Foust (30 January 2024).
2002:10.1016/j.spacepol.2013.08.002
1697:
1671:
1649:
1618:
1579:
1549:
1519:
1488:
1467:
1273:which they observe, and avoid
1195:Space probes and observatories
13:
1:
7508:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
5306:Private spaceflight companies
4249:Rocket and missile technology
3900:Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)
3815:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
1757:VP Sandlas (31 August 2018).
1730:Ben Judge (28 October 2020).
1707:. Reuters. 22 November 2020.
1460:
1071:
926:
720:National Air and Space Museum
9380:
7048:Soviet crewed lunar programs
6735:Space program on U.S. stamps
6660:Gemini and Apollo medallions
6610:Solar System Family Portrait
6386:Joint Polar Satellite System
6255:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
5509:Vision for Space Exploration
5479:Space Exploration Initiative
4920:Earth observation satellites
4775:Cumulative spacewalk records
2521:Berger, Eric (9 June 2017).
1016:Landing on hazardous terrain
937:
700:Uncrewed resupply spacecraft
7:
9790:Vision-guided robot systems
9203:Outline of the Solar System
8966:Interplanetary medium/space
7108:International Space Station
6730:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
6687:We choose to go to the Moon
6650:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
6208:International Space Station
6188:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
5927:Great Observatories program
5771:International Space Station
5749:Roscosmos State Corporation
5666:Science Mission Directorate
5612:Manned Space Flight Network
5344:First satellites by country
3331:Self-replicating spacecraft
3167:International Space Station
1416:
1377:International Space Station
1366:International Space Station
1329:International Space Station
1201:List of Solar System probes
1003:Entry, descent, and landing
878:too many subsection headers
773:close race with the Soviets
692:International Space Station
525:List of space organizations
10:
10114:
10010:Technological unemployment
8919:Extraterrestrial materials
6547:NASA cameras on spacecraft
6358:James Webb Space Telescope
6270:Solar Dynamics Observatory
5491:U.S. National Space Policy
5035:Medium-lift launch vehicle
4836:Objects at Lagrange points
2845:Space Liability Convention
2144:10.1016/j.eswa.2014.03.017
2099:Hall, Nancy (5 May 2015).
1878:. NBC News. 22 June 2022.
1450:List of passive satellites
1316:
1279:ground-based observatories
1198:
1167:
1086:is a method that allows a
1075:
1059:Spacecraft thermal control
1056:
991:
911:In spacecraft design, the
737:(USSR) on 22 July 1951, a
709:
197:James Webb Space Telescope
10028:
9998:Workplace robotics safety
9980:
9874:
9798:
9761:
9716:
9614:
9458:
9447:
9388:
9239:Earth sciences portal
9198:
9153:
9090:
8961:Interplanetary dust cloud
8840:
8676:
8606:
8317:
8259:
7952:
7805:
7647:
7588:
7495:
7479:
7428:
7374:
7325:
7281:
7162:
7151:
7131:
7100:
7032:
6964:
6953:
6927:
6916:
6867:
6854:
6778:
6678:
6555:
6470:
6415:
6378:
6177:
5987:
5974:
5904:
5818:
5808:
5763:
5689:
5678:
5622:Vehicle Assembly Building
5530:
5429:
5419:
5329:
5284:
5268:
5053:
5040:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
5030:Small-lift launch vehicle
4973:
4893:
4819:Landings on other planets
4797:
4750:
4622:
4594:
4566:
4506:
4454:
4411:
4266:
4257:
4209:
4196:
4134:
4043:
3986:
3970:
3934:
3892:
3857:
3850:
3807:
3750:
3704:
3688:
3657:
3611:
3600:
3571:
3501:
3468:
3421:
3373:
3259:
3208:Space adaptation syndrome
3195:
3100:
3020:
3011:
2899:
2733:
2577:Sierra Nevada Corporation
2157:Chen, Yang (April 2017).
1271:electromagnetic radiation
856:
9252:Local Interstellar Cloud
7970:other near-Earth objects
7594:Space industry of Russia
6693:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
6617:The Day the Earth Smiled
5952:Solar Terrestrial Probes
5411:
5321:Spacecraft manufacturers
4856:leaving the Solar System
3952:Intervention AUV (I-AUV)
2941:Communications satellite
2265:"Basics of Space Flight"
2015:LU. K. Khodarev (1979).
1440:Geosynchronous satellite
1291:Earth imaging satellites
1238:gravitational slingshots
1222:and return it to Earth.
1205:List of space telescopes
1045:(solar) cells or from a
974:command sequence storage
9846:Human–robot interaction
9215:Solar System portal
8941:Giant-impact hypothesis
8548:Trans-Neptunian objects
7116:Russian Orbital Segment
6750:Other primates in space
6462:Deep Space Atomic Clock
6282:Mars Science Laboratory
6070:Spitzer Space Telescope
5659:Lunar Sample Laboratory
5602:Launch Services Program
4735:timeline by nationality
4201:Timeline of spaceflight
4021:spaceflights to the ISS
3445:reusable launch systems
3062:Extravehicular activity
2973:Commercial use of space
2877:Militarisation of space
2850:Registration Convention
2766:Accidents and incidents
1659:. UPI. 26 November 1965
1189:Mars Exploration Rovers
1172:Robotic spacecraft use
994:Attitude control system
913:United States Air Force
729:A replica of Explorer 1
255:Timeline of spaceflight
9103:Possible dwarf planets
8946:Gravitational collapse
8884:Circumstellar envelope
7689:
6765:National Astronaut Day
6708:The Astronaut Monument
6530:Space Shuttle missions
6230:Mars Exploration Rover
6213:Hubble Space Telescope
6122:Kepler space telescope
5922:Earth Observing System
5896:Mars Exploration Rover
5607:Mercury Control Center
5354:Constellation missions
4981:Orbital launch systems
4873:Timeline of satellites
4814:Interplanetary voyages
4121:Remote control vehicle
4116:Radio-controlled model
3493:Mission control center
3455:Non-rocket spacelaunch
2889:Billionaire space race
2245:. Microcosm. pp. 460.
2073:. NASA. Archived from
2049:. Microcosm. pp. 409.
2017:"Space Communications"
1907:. USAF. Archived from
1430:Spaceflight portal
1411:Tiangong space station
1345:, possibly to support
1331:
1234:Hohmann transfer orbit
1129:
951:
730:
722:
559:Spaceflight portal
475:Non-rocket spacelaunch
245:History of spaceflight
229:
9952:Starship Technologies
9312:Laniakea Supercluster
8929:Sample-return mission
7688:
6848:Russian space program
6713:Lunar sample displays
6703:Space Mirror Memorial
6645:Voyager Golden Record
6537:United States rockets
5729: (with the
5637:Launch Control Center
5269:Launches by spaceport
4878:Sample-return mission
4392:Civilian spaceflight
4126:Remote control animal
3343:Spacecraft propulsion
2793:European Space Agency
1936:. JPL. Archived from
1326:
1317:Further information:
1199:Further information:
1078:Spacecraft propulsion
945:
824:. In 1967, America's
748:The first artificial
728:
717:
228:
69:"Uncrewed spacecraft"
9902:Energid Technologies
9227:Astronomy portal
9128:Solar System objects
8874:Circumplanetary disk
6910:Vostochny Cosmodrome
5731:Soviet space program
5649:Johnson Space Center
5617:Kennedy Space Center
5580:spinoff technologies
4993:Sounding rocket list
4932:Geosynchronous orbit
4868:Missions to the Moon
4640:by year of selection
4111:Autonomous logistics
3712:Andrews Cargo Module
2968:Satellite navigation
2688:. 17 September 2021.
2424:Ross, S. D. (2006).
1962:Microcosm. pp. 354.
1852:. 14 December 2012.
1531:, Russian Space Web"
1287:astronomical objects
1068:and orbital debris.
849:on 5 November 2018.
54:improve this article
10078:Uncrewed spacecraft
9993:Powered exoskeleton
9326:Observable universe
9123:Solar System models
9053:Protoplanetary disk
8976:Interstellar medium
8936:Frost/Ice/Snow line
7535:Veterok and Ugolyok
6902:Svobodny Cosmodrome
6897:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
6875:Baikonur Cosmodrome
6740:Apollo 17 Moon mice
6596:Pillars of Creation
6503:Space Shuttle crews
5981:(human and robotic)
5975:Individual featured
5558:Ranks and positions
5330:Other mission lists
5311:Rocket launch sites
5285:Agencies, companies
4581:Crewed Spaceflights
4239:Spaceflight records
4191:lists and timelines
3994:Uncrewed spacecraft
3353:Electric propulsion
3040:Life-support system
2924:Imagery and mapping
2884:Private spaceflight
2447:10.1511/2006.59.994
2223:on 31 December 2018
2178:2017AcAau.133..346C
1994:2013SpPol..29..266A
1914:on 21 December 2016
1822:. 3 February 2009.
1681:. History Channel.
1533:. 3 November 2012.
1435:Beacon mode service
1339:resupply spacecraft
1283:astronomical survey
1246:inclination changes
1209:Lists of spacecraft
637:or the vicinity of
596:Uncrewed spacecraft
397:Apollo Lunar Module
189:Bottom: Spaceplane
9962:Universal Robotics
9937:Intuitive Surgical
9927:Harvest Automation
9892:Barrett Technology
9674:Robotic spacecraft
9520:Audio-Animatronics
9306:Virgo Supercluster
9287:Milky Way subgroup
9118:Natural satellites
9001:Nebular hypothesis
8981:Interstellar space
8971:Interstellar cloud
8879:Circumstellar disc
8469:Near-Earth objects
8353:names and meanings
7690:
7581:(1997 documentary)
7573:(1995 documentary)
7570:Out of the Present
7503:List of cosmonauts
7480:Images and artwork
7420:Deep Space Network
7067:(Mars/Venus flyby)
6542:NASA cancellations
6437:Deep Space Network
6427:Near Earth Network
5912:Living With a Star
5886:Project Prometheus
5866:Planetary Observer
5230:Thor DM-21 Agena-B
5220:Thor DM-18 Agena-A
5133:Falcon 9 and Heavy
4829:artificial objects
4780:Longest spacewalks
4343:Vostok and Voskhod
3306:Robotic spacecraft
3232:Space and survival
3087:Space colonization
2983:Space architecture
2835:Outer Space Treaty
2626:spaceflightfans.cn
2434:American Scientist
2341:on 29 October 2009
2080:on 29 October 2009
1592:The New York Times
1409:is used to supply
1332:
1147:Mechanical devices
1098:Newton's Third Law
1031:telecommunications
1029:Components in the
1025:Telecommunications
952:
731:
723:
600:robotic spacecraft
354:Robotic spacecraft
230:
10060:
10059:
10003:Robotic tech vest
9932:Honeybee Robotics
9748:Electric unicycle
9701:remotely-operated
9348:
9347:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9166:Lagrangian points
9138:by discovery date
8736:Human spaceflight
8707:historical models
8600:
8599:
8225:S/2015 (136472) 1
7607:
7606:
7530:Belka and Strelka
7520:Soviet space dogs
7382:Sputnik programme
7370:
7369:
7303:
7258:
7237:
7216:
7147:
7146:
7112:
7068:
7060:
7052:
7044:
7016:
7003:
6991:
6955:Human spaceflight
6906:
6883:
6810:
6809:
6723:stolen or missing
6520:uncrewed missions
6498:Apollo astronauts
6493:Gemini astronauts
6411:
6410:
6195:2001 Mars Odyssey
5970:
5969:
5846:Mars Surveyor '98
5804:
5803:
5747: (with
5680:Human spaceflight
5674:
5673:
5632:Launch Complex 48
5627:Launch Complex 39
5379:
5378:
4793:
4792:
4274:Crewed spacecraft
4259:Human spaceflight
4217:Space exploration
4155:
4154:
4147:Unmanned vehicles
3962:Underwater glider
3930:
3929:
3801:uncrewed vehicles
3763:
3762:
3531:
3530:
3478:Flight controller
3255:
3254:
3013:Human spaceflight
2988:Space exploration
2914:Earth observation
2375:on 30 August 2021
2263:Davis, Phillips.
2251:978-1-881883-10-4
2166:Acta Astronautica
2138:(13): 5669–5679.
2055:978-1-881883-10-4
1968:978-1-881883-10-4
1820:Los Angeles Times
1567:on 30 August 2021
1445:Human spaceflight
1295:satellite imaging
1263:space observatory
909:
908:
901:
620:space observatory
593:
592:
487:Spaceflight types
431:
430:
388:Crewed spacecraft
380:
379:
295:Earth observation
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
10105:
10083:Cargo spacecraft
10048:
10047:
10036:
10035:
10020:Fictional robots
9988:Critique of work
9637:Unmanned vehicle
9453:
9375:
9368:
9361:
9352:
9351:
9342:
9340:
9331:
9324:
9317:
9310:
9304:
9298:
9292:
9285:
9278:
9271:
9264:
9257:
9250:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9213:
9212:
9211:
8914:Exozodiacal dust
8604:
8603:
8570:Detached objects
7812:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7652:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7611:
7610:
7552:Cosmonauts Alley
7415:Luch (satellite)
7301:
7273:
7256:
7235:
7214:
7160:
7159:
7110:
7066:
7058:
7050:
7042:
7014:
7001:
6989:
6962:
6961:
6922:
6904:
6877:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6814:
6813:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6785:
6624:Fallen Astronaut
6265:Van Allen Probes
5985:
5984:
5891:Mars Exploration
5816:
5815:
5687:
5686:
5455:Space Task Group
5427:
5426:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5383:
5382:
4711:Space travelers
4707:Space scientists
4695:African American
4264:
4263:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4106:Autonomous robot
4101:Robot locomotion
4016:Cargo spacecraft
4009:list of orbiters
3910:Self-driving car
3855:
3854:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3606:
3565:Cargo spacecraft
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3521:
3510:
3509:
3220:Space psychology
3045:Animals in space
3018:
3017:
2998:Space technology
2840:Rescue Agreement
2720:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2430:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2371:. Archived from
2361:
2355:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2260:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2219:. Archived from
2213:"Ion Propulsion"
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1977:
1971:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1940:on 28 April 2015
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:. Archived from
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1471:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1313:Cargo spacecraft
1299:weather analysis
1227:orbit around the
1037:Electrical power
948:Orion spacecraft
904:
897:
893:
890:
884:
869:
868:
861:
817:
741:flight carrying
585:
578:
571:
557:
556:
555:
382:
381:
371:Cargo spacecraft
348:
347:
205:
204:
171:
162:
151:
142:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Cargo spacecraft
10113:
10112:
10108:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10063:
10062:
10061:
10056:
10024:
9976:
9897:Boston Dynamics
9882:Amazon Robotics
9870:
9794:
9785:Visual odometry
9775:Motion planning
9757:
9712:
9632:Continuum robot
9615:Classifications
9610:
9473:Anthropomorphic
9454:
9445:
9441:AI competitions
9384:
9379:
9349:
9344:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9329:
9322:
9315:
9308:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9283:
9276:
9269:
9262:
9255:
9248:
9233:
9231:
9221:
9219:
9209:
9207:
9194:
9185:
9149:
9086:
9070:vs. Hill sphere
8996:Molecular cloud
8924:Sample curation
8904:Detached object
8843:
8836:
8680:
8672:
8609:
8596:
8541:Neptune trojans
8324:
8322:
8320:
8313:
8255:
7948:
7819:
7801:
7687:
7650:
7643:
7638:
7608:
7603:
7584:
7491:
7487:Mission patches
7475:
7424:
7366:
7321:
7277:
7271:
7155:
7143:
7127:
7096:
7028:
6957:
6949:
6928:Launch vehicles
6923:
6914:
6863:
6850:
6841:
6811:
6806:
6774:
6674:
6665:Mission patches
6640:Pioneer plaques
6603:Mystic Mountain
6580:Family Portrait
6573:The Blue Marble
6557:
6551:
6525:Apollo missions
6466:
6418:
6407:
6374:
6179:
6173:
6010:Mercury-Atlas 6
5980:
5976:
5966:
5900:
5836:Mariner Mark II
5800:
5781:Commercial Crew
5759:
5682:
5670:
5654:Mission Control
5553:Astronaut Corps
5548:Chief Scientist
5526:
5431:
5415:
5410:
5380:
5375:
5331:
5325:
5286:
5280:
5264:
5215:Thor DM-18 Able
5123:Delta IV Medium
5055:
5049:
5025:Sounding rocket
4969:
4896:
4889:
4800:
4789:
4746:
4720:by first flight
4618:
4590:
4562:
4502:
4450:
4407:
4253:
4205:
4192:
4186:
4156:
4151:
4130:
4039:
4028:Space telescope
4004:list by program
3982:
3966:
3926:
3888:
3846:
3803:
3794:
3764:
3759:
3746:
3700:
3684:
3680:HTV (Kounotori)
3653:
3607:
3598:
3567:
3562:
3532:
3527:
3497:
3464:
3436:Escape velocity
3417:
3369:
3336:Space telescope
3289:Reentry capsule
3251:
3191:
3096:
3067:Overview effect
3050:Bioastronautics
3007:
2895:
2729:
2724:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2632:on 11 June 2021
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2488:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2257:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2044:
2040:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2009:
1978:
1974:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1790:Washington Post
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1506:
1504:
1503:on 17 July 2013
1493:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1388:SpaceX Dragon 2
1372:space station.
1321:
1315:
1275:light pollution
1258:space telescope
1211:
1197:
1184:Cassini–Huygens
1170:
1161:
1149:
1132:
1123:
1106:
1080:
1074:
1066:micrometeoroids
1061:
1055:
1039:
1027:
1018:
1005:
996:
990:
968:
940:
929:
905:
894:
888:
885:
882:
870:
866:
859:
815:
712:
589:
553:
551:
546:
545:
526:
518:
517:
488:
480:
479:
470:Escape velocity
465:launch vehicles
443:
433:
432:
427:
426:
390:
376:
375:
356:
345:
335:
334:
285:
275:
274:
240:
203:
202:
201:
200:
188:
174:
173:
172:
164:
163:
154:
153:
152:
144:
143:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10111:
10101:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10058:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10042:
10029:
10026:
10025:
10023:
10022:
10017:
10015:Terrainability
10012:
10007:
10006:
10005:
9995:
9990:
9984:
9982:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9878:
9876:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9800:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9771:
9769:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9739:
9738:
9728:
9722:
9720:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9703:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9650:
9649:
9644:
9634:
9629:
9627:Cloud robotics
9624:
9618:
9616:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9542:
9541:
9531:
9526:
9525:
9524:
9523:
9522:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9470:
9464:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9448:
9446:
9444:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9392:
9390:
9386:
9385:
9378:
9377:
9370:
9363:
9355:
9346:
9345:
9242:
9241:
9229:
9217:
9205:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9084:
9082:Scattered disc
9079:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9062:
9057:
9056:
9055:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8870:
8869:
8867:Excretion disk
8862:Accretion disk
8859:
8854:
8852:Star formation
8848:
8846:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8741:space stations
8733:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8716:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8694:
8688:
8686:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8614:
8612:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8582:
8580:Scattered disc
8577:
8572:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8538:
8528:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8465:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8367:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8355:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8329:
8327:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8271:
8265:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8217:
8216:
8215:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7885:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7825:
7823:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7792:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7637:
7636:
7629:
7622:
7614:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7578:Mission to Mir
7574:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7542:Ivan Ivanovich
7539:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7378:
7376:
7375:Communications
7372:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7329:
7327:
7326:In development
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7266:
7260:
7251:
7245:
7242:Resurs-DK No.1
7239:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7212:Phobos program
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7182:Luna programme
7179:
7173:
7166:
7164:
7157:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7132:In development
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7061:
7053:
7051:(Moon landing)
7045:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7017:
7009:
7004:
6996:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6959:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6840:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6817:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6792:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6760:Astronauts Day
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6576:
6569:
6561:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6419:and navigation
6417:Communications
6413:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6397:Europa Clipper
6393:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6279:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6156:
6149:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6124:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6100:
6093:
6088:
6080:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5982:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5851:New Millennium
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5693:
5691:
5684:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5572:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5439:
5437:
5424:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5316:Space agencies
5313:
5308:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5290:
5288:
5287:and facilities
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:Thor and Delta
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5118:Delta IV Heavy
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5056:by rocket type
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:Magnetospheric
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4895:Earth-orbiting
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4725:by nationality
4722:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4462:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:list of probes
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3612:In development
3609:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Cargo Dragon 2
3581:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3483:Ground station
3480:
3474:
3472:
3470:Ground segment
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:Interplanetary
3400:
3399:
3398:
3396:Geosynchronous
3393:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:Gravity assist
3360:
3355:
3350:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3294:Service module
3291:
3286:
3284:Orbital module
3276:
3271:
3269:Launch vehicle
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3247:Space sexology
3244:
3239:
3237:Space medicine
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Weightlessness
3069:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:Space research
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2929:Reconnaissance
2926:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:European Union
2795:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2643:
2613:
2591:
2563:
2544:
2513:
2486:
2467:
2441:(3): 230–237.
2416:
2395:"Space Probes"
2386:
2356:
2320:
2286:
2255:
2234:
2203:
2149:
2122:
2091:
2059:
2038:
2023:on 10 May 2013
2007:
1988:(4): 266–271.
1972:
1951:
1925:
1893:
1867:
1837:
1807:
1776:
1749:
1734:. Money Week.
1722:
1696:
1670:
1648:
1617:
1578:
1548:
1518:
1487:
1473:Asif Siddiqi,
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1418:
1415:
1347:space stations
1314:
1311:
1297:, applied for
1196:
1193:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1105:
1104:Monopropellant
1102:
1076:Main article:
1073:
1070:
1057:Main article:
1054:
1051:
1038:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1004:
1001:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
939:
936:
928:
925:
907:
906:
873:
871:
864:
858:
855:
766:launch vehicle
711:
708:
704:space stations
612:remote control
591:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
562:
561:
548:
547:
544:
543:
538:
533:
531:Space agencies
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
510:
505:
503:Interplanetary
500:
495:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
472:
467:
455:
450:
444:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
414:
412:Space stations
409:
404:
402:Space capsules
399:
394:
391:
386:
385:
378:
377:
374:
373:
368:
363:
357:
352:
351:
346:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Communications
286:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
267:
265:Lunar missions
262:
257:
252:
247:
241:
236:
235:
232:
231:
221:
220:
214:
213:
179:Progress M-06M
176:
175:
166:
165:
157:
156:
155:
146:
145:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10110:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10053:
10052:
10043:
10041:
10040:
10031:
10030:
10027:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9979:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9967:Wolf Robotics
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9922:Foster-Miller
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9873:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9841:Developmental
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9801:
9797:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9613:
9607:
9606:Soft robotics
9604:
9602:
9601:BEAM robotics
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9556:Entertainment
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9513:
9512:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9475:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9457:
9452:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:Main articles
9387:
9383:
9376:
9371:
9369:
9364:
9362:
9357:
9356:
9353:
9343:
9334:
9327:
9320:
9313:
9307:
9301:
9295:
9288:
9281:
9274:
9267:
9260:
9253:
9246:
9240:
9230:
9228:
9218:
9216:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9197:
9182:
9181:Tidal locking
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9161:Double planet
9159:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9113:Minor planets
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9054:
9051:
9047:
9046:Merging stars
9044:
9043:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8868:
8865:
8864:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8839:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8796:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8699:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8679:
8675:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8648:Subsatellites
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8608:Hypothetical
8605:
8602:
8593:
8590:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8474:Asteroid belt
8472:
8470:
8467:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8349:
8348:Minor planets
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8316:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8258:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8221:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8189:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8157:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8081:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7822:
7817:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7779:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7646:
7642:
7635:
7630:
7628:
7623:
7621:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7587:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7436:Baikal-Angara
7434:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7384:(begun 1957)
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7248:Koronas-Foton
7246:
7243:
7240:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7124:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7099:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7057:
7054:
7049:
7046:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6911:
6908:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6833:
6831:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6803:
6802:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6781:
6780:
6777:
6771:
6770:Nikon NASA F4
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:NASA insignia
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6635:Lunar plaques
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6588:
6587:Pale Blue Dot
6584:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6515:NASA missions
6513:
6511:
6510:NASA aircraft
6508:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6432:Space Network
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6065:Space Shuttle
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:New Frontiers
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Lunar Orbiter
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5796:Lunar Gateway
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5755:Constellation
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5738:
5737:Space Shuttle
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5575:NASA research
5573:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5407:
5402:
5400:
5395:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5349:NASA missions
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:and timelines
5328:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5276:Satish Dhawan
5274:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
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4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
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4843:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
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4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4796:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4700:Ibero-America
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:Spaceflights
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:Spaceflights
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:Spaceflights
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Radio control
4140:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:BEAM robotics
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3797:Mobile robots
3791:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Direct ascent
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3413:Intergalactic
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:Rocket engine
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3279:Space capsule
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Space nursing
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:Health issues
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Space Shuttle
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Space tourism
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3003:Space weather
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Space command
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:Space warfare
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:United States
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Astrodynamics
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2601:
2595:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2317:
2305:on 5 May 2013
2301:
2297:
2290:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1515:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1000:
995:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
971:
966:Data handling
960:
957:
956:
955:
949:
944:
935:
933:
924:
922:
918:
914:
903:
900:
892:
880:
879:
874:This section
872:
863:
862:
854:
850:
848:
847:
842:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:
823:
822:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
801:
795:
793:
789:
788:Luna E-1 No.1
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
727:
721:
716:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
564:
563:
560:
550:
549:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
522:
521:
514:
513:Intergalactic
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
484:
483:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
442:
437:
436:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Space Shuttle
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
392:
389:
384:
383:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
350:
349:
344:
339:
338:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
284:
279:
278:
271:
270:Mars missions
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
234:
233:
227:
223:
222:
219:
216:
215:
211:
207:
206:
198:
194:
193:
186:
185:
180:
170:
161:
150:
141:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
10093:Space robots
10088:Space probes
10073:Solar System
10049:
10037:
9806:Evolutionary
9753:Robotic fins
9706:Robotic fish
9691:Telerobotics
9664:Nanorobotics
9654:Mobile robot
9591:Food service
9586:Agricultural
9436:Competitions
9421:Hall of Fame
9337:Each arrow (
9259:Local Bubble
9245:Solar System
9243:
9036:Planetesimal
8991:Kuiper cliff
8719:Space probes
8692:Colonization
8531:Kirkwood gap
8452:Saturn Moons
8365:Planetesimal
7829:Terrestrials
7794:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7745:
7718:
7641:Solar System
7576:
7568:
7354:
7206:Vega program
7194:Zond program
7043:(Moon flyby)
7040:Zond (7K-L1)
6999:Soyuz-Apollo
6892:Kapustin Yar
6868:Launch sites
6800:
6788:
6622:
6615:
6609:
6601:
6594:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6395:
6344:Perseverance
6343:
6305:
6298:
6275:
6235:
6218:
6202:New Horizons
6200:
6193:
6186:
6159:
6151:
6127:
6115:
6108:
6095:
6083:
6075:
6036:
6028:
6021:
6014:
5743:
5727:Apollo–Soyuz
5020:Upper stages
4861:lunar probes
4799:Solar System
4785:Spacewalkers
4770:2015–present
4730:billionaires
4455:
4326:2021–present
4291:Spaceflights
4091:Nanorobotics
4076:Agricultural
3993:
3629:Dream Chaser
3423:Space launch
3408:Interstellar
3374:Destinations
3143:Apollo–Soyuz
3092:Space diving
3077:Space toilet
2901:Applications
2818:Soviet Union
2778:Space policy
2773:Space launch
2683:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2656:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2630:the original
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2527:Ars Technica
2526:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2489:
2480:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2438:
2432:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:the original
2369:www.nasa.gov
2368:
2359:
2350:
2343:. Retrieved
2336:the original
2323:
2314:
2307:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2268:
2258:
2242:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2221:the original
2216:
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2169:
2165:
2152:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2075:the original
2062:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2010:
1985:
1982:Space Policy
1981:
1975:
1959:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:the original
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1819:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1789:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1561:www.nasa.gov
1560:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1528:
1521:
1512:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1490:
1474:
1469:
1404:
1400:Dream Chaser
1398:
1392:
1386:
1385:, American
1380:
1374:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1150:
1133:
1124:
1121:Bipropellant
1107:
1081:
1062:
1043:photovoltaic
1040:
1028:
1019:
1006:
997:
969:
953:
930:
910:
895:
886:
875:
851:
844:
838:
836:
825:
819:
810:
804:
798:
796:
785:
770:
747:
735:Soviet Union
732:
681:
658:
656:
629:rather than
624:
599:
595:
594:
536:Space forces
508:Interstellar
441:Space launch
283:Applications
260:Space probes
190:
182:
131:
116:
110:January 2023
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
9826:Open-source
9679:Space probe
9669:Necrobotics
9659:Microbotics
9622:Biorobotics
9551:Educational
9534:Articulated
9515:Animatronic
9500:Claytronics
9300:Local Sheet
9294:Local Group
9077:Rubble pile
9065:Roche limit
9060:Ring system
9011:Outer space
8986:Kuiper belt
8956:Hill sphere
8951:Hills cloud
8899:Debris disk
8894:Cosmic dust
8678:Exploration
8633:Planet Nine
8618:Fifth giant
8592:Hills cloud
8553:Kuiper belt
8524:exceptional
8440:Trojan camp
7265:(2011–2019)
7254:Fobos-Grunt
7244:(2006-2016)
7229:(1990-1992)
7223:(1989-1998)
7217:(1988-1989)
7208:(1984-1987)
7202:(1983-1991)
7196:(1964–1970)
7190:(1961–1985)
7184:(1958–1976)
7178:(1972–1996)
7172:(1961–1982)
7012:Shuttle–Mir
6887:Dombarovsky
6630:Deep fields
6558:and artwork
6556:NASA images
6128:Opportunity
5597:NASA Social
5423:and history
5155:H-II and H3
5098:Delta DM-19
5088:Black Brant
4801:exploration
4576:Expeditions
4516:Expeditions
4466:Expeditions
4421:Expeditions
4189:Spaceflight
4086:Microbotics
3842:Ornithopter
3727:Kistler K-1
3381:Sub-orbital
3316:Space probe
3182:New Shepard
3160:Shuttle–Mir
2919:Archaeology
2872:Space force
2855:Moon Treaty
2727:Spaceflight
2409:26 February
2379:26 February
2172:: 346–374.
2034:spacecraft.
1215:space probe
1153:pyrotechnic
1082:Spacecraft
627:telerobotic
493:Sub-orbital
417:Spaceplanes
366:Space probe
300:Exploration
218:Spaceflight
10098:Spacecraft
10067:Categories
9866:Ubiquitous
9856:Perceptual
9763:Navigation
9718:Locomotion
9696:Underwater
9581:Disability
9529:Industrial
9319:Local Hole
9266:Gould Belt
9006:Oort cloud
8842:Formation,
8832:Deep space
8668:Vulcanoids
8585:Oort cloud
8509:first 1000
8445:Greek camp
8343:Meteoroids
8338:Damocloids
8284:Charikloan
7592:See also:
7446:Mars-Grunt
7408:Sputnik 99
7403:Sputnik 41
7059:(moonbase)
6880:Kazakhstan
6718:Moon rocks
6478:Astronauts
6471:NASA lists
6328:OSIRIS-REx
6162:helicopter
6030:Pioneer 11
6023:Pioneer 10
5826:Hitchhiker
5701:suborbital
5538:Space Race
5299:comparison
5225:Thor DM-18
5210:Thor-Agena
5165:Long March
5083:Atlas LV3C
5078:Atlas LV3B
4998:Spacecraft
4986:Comparison
4915:PocketQube
4897:satellites
4675:Cosmonauts
4630:Astronauts
4586:Spacewalks
4548:Spacewalks
4493:Spacewalks
4441:Spacewalks
4401:Suborbital
4284:by program
4244:Space Race
4234:Spacecraft
4138:Categories
4071:Disability
3935:Underwater
3450:Launch pad
3441:Expendable
3391:Geocentric
3358:Solar sail
3301:Spaceplane
3261:Spacecraft
3055:Space suit
3033:commercial
2961:Television
2756:Space Race
2558:Space News
2498:. SpaceX.
1918:13 October
1850:Space News
1483:081302627X
1461:References
1403:. Chinese
1379:: Russian
1088:spacecraft
1084:propulsion
1072:Propulsion
992:See also:
927:Subsystems
827:Surveyor 3
781:Vanguard 1
777:Explorer 1
739:suborbital
690:, and the
665:satellites
616:autonomous
604:spacecraft
458:Expendable
453:Launch pad
343:Spacecraft
325:Telescopes
320:Settlement
315:Navigation
250:Space Race
80:newspapers
9917:Figure AI
9875:Companies
9851:Paradigms
9836:Adaptable
9816:Simulator
9510:Automaton
9505:Companion
9416:Geography
9280:Milky Way
9273:Orion Arm
9041:Formation
9026:Migration
9021:Disrupted
8889:Coatlicue
8857:Accretion
8844:evolution
8790:Asteroids
8702:astronomy
8697:Discovery
8558:Cubewanos
8479:Asteroids
8309:Quaoarian
8299:Neptunian
8289:Chironean
8274:Saturnian
8056:Enceladus
7451:Mercury-P
7441:Laplace-P
7398:Sputnik 3
7393:Sputnik 2
7388:Sputnik 1
7362:Spektr-UV
7333:Luna-Glob
7317:Spektr-RG
7294:Elektro–L
7033:Cancelled
6905:(defunct)
6859:Roscosmos
6745:Moon tree
6566:Earthrise
6441:Goldstone
6338:Mars 2020
6307:Voyager 2
6300:Voyager 1
6236:Curiosity
6180:operating
6178:Currently
6160:Ingenuity
6097:MESSENGER
6076:Sojourner
6005:Mercury 3
5995:Apollo 11
5942:Discovery
5932:Explorers
5521:Augustine
5485:Augustine
5245:V-2 tests
5143:2020–2022
5138:2010–2019
5113:Delta III
4765:2000–2014
4760:1965–1999
4614:Rollbacks
4378:Gaganyaan
4321:2011–2020
4316:2001–2010
4311:1991–2000
4306:1981–1990
4301:1971–1980
4296:1961–1970
3705:Cancelled
3639:Soyuz GVK
3624:Dragon XL
3619:Blue Moon
3460:Spaceport
3311:Satellite
3028:Astronaut
2956:Telephone
2909:Astronomy
2830:Space law
2783:Australia
2685:Space.com
2658:SpaceNews
2606:29 August
2584:14 August
2279:7 January
2227:7 January
2196:7 January
2115:7 January
1600:0362-4331
1571:9 January
1541:7 January
1529:Sputnik 2
1303:espionage
1267:telescope
1174:telemetry
1155:devices.
1140:electrons
1009:algorithm
938:Structure
876:may have
846:Voyager 2
840:Voyager 1
832:Apollo 11
812:Mariner 4
800:Mariner 2
758:Sputnik 2
754:Sputnik 1
750:satellite
541:Companies
448:Spaceport
361:Satellite
305:Espionage
10039:Category
9957:Symbotic
9907:FarmWise
9861:Situated
9831:Software
9799:Research
9743:Climbing
9566:Military
9561:Juggling
9546:Domestic
9478:Humanoid
9401:Glossary
9382:Robotics
9333:Universe
9171:Moonlets
8751:programs
8724:timeline
8712:timeline
8643:Planet X
8638:Planet V
8575:Sednoids
8563:Plutinos
8536:Centaurs
8514:families
8249:Dysnomia
8237:Xiangliu
8232:Gonggong
8220:Makemake
8179:Kerberos
8066:Hyperion
8004:Callisto
7999:Ganymede
7932:Gonggong
7927:Makemake
7782:Gonggong
7775:Makemake
7466:Venera-D
7461:Spektr-M
7429:Concepts
7356:Kazachok
7312:Resurs-P
7307:Meteor-M
7272:(failed)
7263:Spektr-R
7257:(failed)
7236:(failed)
7215:(failed)
7156:programs
6958:programs
6789:Category
6451:Canberra
6363:timeline
6351:timeline
6287:timeline
6243:timeline
6140:observed
6135:timeline
6103:Aquarius
6043:timeline
6016:Magellan
5978:missions
5876:Surveyor
5812:programs
5742:Shuttle–
5683:programs
5515:Aldridge
5434:creation
5200:Starship
5170:Minotaur
5128:Delta IV
5108:Delta II
5093:Electron
5054:Launches
5013:heaviest
5003:uncrewed
4974:Vehicles
4910:CubeSats
4851:orbiters
4809:Timeline
4670:European
4609:Missions
4568:Tiangong
4558:Deployed
4553:Visitors
4541:uncrewed
4526:Visiting
4498:Visitors
4486:uncrewed
4446:Visitors
4434:uncrewed
4383:Spacelab
4373:Shenzhou
4279:timeline
4227:timeline
4096:Robotics
4056:Military
4051:Domestic
3867:Humanoid
3689:Proposed
3670:Dragon 1
3644:Starship
3594:Tianzhou
3589:Progress
3512:Category
3177:Tiangong
3172:Shenzhou
3101:Programs
2946:Internet
2751:Timeline
2664:24 April
2531:Archived
2500:Archived
2451:Archived
2403:Archived
2273:Archived
2190:Archived
2109:Archived
1880:Archived
1854:Archived
1824:Archived
1794:Archived
1763:Archived
1736:Archived
1709:Archived
1683:Archived
1641:1 August
1635:Archived
1610:1 August
1604:Archived
1535:Archived
1514:started.
1417:See also
1406:Tianzhou
1382:Progress
1370:Tiangong
1358:Salyut 7
1354:Salyut 6
1187:and the
1179:autonomy
1115:catalyst
1110:oxidizer
999:arrays.
919:and the
889:May 2023
806:Venera 4
743:two dogs
684:Salyut 7
606:without
462:reusable
310:Military
210:a series
208:Part of
199:(right).
181:(left).
10051:Outline
9981:Related
9972:Yaskawa
9887:Anybots
9767:mapping
9736:Hexapod
9731:Walking
9576:Service
9571:Medical
9483:Android
9468:Aerobot
9411:History
9396:Outline
9154:Related
9133:by size
8822:Neptune
8807:Jupiter
8758:Mercury
8683:outline
8628:Phaeton
8623:Nemesis
8610:objects
8462:Neptune
8435:Jupiter
8415:Trojans
8408:Neptune
8393:Jupiter
8373:Mercury
8304:Haumean
8294:Uranian
8276: (
8196:Hiʻiaka
8130:Proteus
8120:Neptune
8108:Miranda
8098:Umbriel
8088:Titania
8076:all 146
8041:Iapetus
7994:Jupiter
7888:Neptune
7866:Jupiter
7834:Mercury
7816:Planets
7741:Neptune
7726:Jupiter
7699:Mercury
7496:Related
7348:Luna 28
7343:Luna 27
7338:Luna 26
7302:(joint)
7299:ExoMars
7269:Luna 25
7233:Mars 96
7176:Prognoz
7153:Robotic
7111:(joint)
7020:Energia
7015:(joint)
7002:(joint)
6977:Voskhod
6801:Commons
6679:Related
6488:by year
6483:by name
6260:GOES 15
6250:GOES 14
6167:flights
6153:InSight
6109:Cassini
6037:Galileo
5962:SIMPLEx
5937:Voyager
5905:Current
5861:Pioneer
5831:Mariner
5810:Robotic
5791:Artemis
5764:Current
5707:Mercury
5699: (
5592:NASA TV
5531:General
5430:History
5240:Tsyklon
5103:Delta 1
5068:Antares
4715:by name
4660:Chinese
4655:Mercury
4635:by name
4596:Shuttle
4396:Orbital
4388:Artemis
4353:Mercury
4338:Russian
4267:General
4222:outline
4210:General
4066:Medical
3971:Surface
3877:Hexapod
3872:Android
3859:Walking
3832:Helicam
3827:Aerobot
3722:Jupiter
3658:Retired
3386:Orbital
3187:Artemis
3118:Voskhod
3113:Mercury
3021:General
2761:Records
2746:History
2734:General
2506:3 March
2460:27 June
2174:Bibcode
1990:Bibcode
1944:10 June
1886:5 March
1860:4 March
1830:4 March
1800:4 March
1769:4 March
1742:4 March
1715:4 March
1689:4 March
1663:4 March
1485:, p. 96
1397:, and
1242:Delta-V
1168:Control
917:payload
710:History
694:module
677:animals
669:landers
660:Sputnik
651:Neptune
639:Jupiter
498:Orbital
330:Tourism
238:History
184:Galileo
94:scholar
9942:IRobot
9726:Tracks
9647:ground
9642:aerial
9596:Retail
9493:Gynoid
9488:Cyborg
9426:Ethics
9328:
9321:
9314:
9289:
9282:
9275:
9268:
9261:
9254:
9247:
9176:Syzygy
9098:Comets
9031:System
9016:Planet
8909:EXCEDE
8817:Uranus
8812:Saturn
8802:Comets
8795:mining
8773:mining
8663:Vulcan
8504:active
8499:Hygiea
8494:Pallas
8457:Uranus
8403:Uranus
8398:Saturn
8333:Comets
8325:bodies
8323:System
8269:Jovian
8213:Weywot
8208:Quaoar
8201:Namaka
8191:Haumea
8164:Charon
8140:all 16
8135:Nereid
8125:Triton
8113:all 28
8093:Oberon
8083:Uranus
8071:Phoebe
8051:Tethys
8026:Saturn
8019:all 95
8014:Europa
7987:Deimos
7982:Phobos
7961:Earth
7922:Quaoar
7917:Haumea
7897:Dwarfs
7883:Uranus
7871:Saturn
7856:Giants
7821:dwarfs
7768:Quaoar
7761:Haumea
7736:Uranus
7731:Saturn
7289:Bion-M
7282:Active
7274:(2023)
7259:(2011)
7250:(2009)
7238:(1996)
7221:Granat
7200:Astron
7188:Venera
7101:Active
7092:Kliper
7077:Zvezda
7072:Spiral
7056:Zvezda
6982:Salyut
6972:Vostok
6940:Proton
6935:Angara
6844:Soviet
6446:Madrid
6379:Future
6294:NuSTAR
6225:THEMIS
6147:RHESSI
6084:Spirit
5881:Viking
5871:Ranger
5722:Skylab
5717:Apollo
5712:Gemini
5570:Budget
5523:(2009)
5517:(2004)
5511:(2004)
5505:(2003)
5499:(2002)
5497:CFUSAI
5493:(1996)
5487:(1990)
5481:(1989)
5475:(1987)
5469:(1986)
5467:Rogers
5463:(1986)
5457:(1958)
5451:(1958)
5445:(1915)
5421:Policy
5255:Vulcan
5175:Proton
5160:Kosmos
5063:Ariane
5008:crewed
4947:Kosmos
4846:active
4841:Probes
4824:rovers
4685:Muslim
4650:Gemini
4645:Apollo
4623:People
4536:crewed
4481:crewed
4429:crewed
4413:Salyut
4368:Skylab
4363:Apollo
4358:Gemini
4333:Soviet
4061:Rescue
3851:Ground
3808:Aerial
3717:ARCTUS
3696:TGK PG
3579:Cygnus
3572:Active
3523:Portal
3516:
3505:
3321:Lander
3274:Rocket
3138:Skylab
3133:Apollo
3123:Gemini
3108:Vostok
2813:Russia
2636:25 May
2537:9 June
2345:10 May
2309:10 May
2249:
2084:10 May
2053:
2027:10 May
1966:
1598:
1507:10 May
1481:
1394:Cygnus
1364:, the
1305:, and
1277:which
1207:, and
1093:rocket
857:Design
821:Luna 9
816:'s
792:Luna 1
673:rovers
649:, and
647:Uranus
643:Saturn
631:crewed
608:people
422:Vostok
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
9912:FANUC
9821:Suite
9686:Swarm
9460:Types
9406:Index
9091:Lists
8827:Pluto
8785:Ceres
8763:Venus
8658:Tyche
8653:Theia
8489:Vesta
8484:Ceres
8425:Earth
8420:Venus
8383:Earth
8378:Venus
8358:moons
8321:Solar
8319:Small
8278:Rhean
8261:Rings
8174:Hydra
8159:Pluto
8152:Vanth
8147:Orcus
8103:Ariel
8061:Mimas
8046:Dione
8031:Titan
7954:Moons
7942:Sedna
7912:Pluto
7907:Orcus
7902:Ceres
7844:Earth
7839:Venus
7796:Sedna
7754:Pluto
7747:Orcus
7720:Ceres
7709:Earth
7704:Venus
7525:Laika
7471:Sfera
7456:OPSEK
7227:Gamma
7123:Soyuz
7082:Zarya
7024:Buran
6987:Almaz
6945:Soyuz
6391:NISAR
6346:rover
6318:MAVEN
6238:rover
6219:Swift
6130:rover
6091:LADEE
6086:rover
6078:rover
6055:GRAIL
6050:GALEX
5841:MESUR
5786:Orion
5587:NASA+
5563:Chief
5461:Paine
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