1075:
346:
It always appalled me to hear the last few native speakers interspersing accounts of their travels in Manx with the anglicised renderings of Gaelic names. This unnecessary dependence upon
English cannot be tolerated if the Manx language of the future is to survive in its own right, and has, therefore
280:
According to Walter Clarke of the Manx Museum, a member of the society, there is very little enthusiasm for the language in Man to-day . “People think they can pick up Manx in six easy lessons,” he said. “when they find they can’t they lose interest.” Evening classes in the main towns were abandoned
359:(which enjoyed the state support that Manx did not) for inspiration for the creation of new words and idioms. Fargher described Ireland as being the Manx language movement's "spiritual and cultural motherland". The dictionary was published in 1979 and was directly compared with Irish lexicographer
219:
did not have the facilities or funds to do so. This inspired
Fargher and his group of Manx speaking friends to make their own recordings themselves, despite technical and financial restraints: "we wanted to record the old people but we didn’t, we had neither the money nor the means of doing it".
456:
was motivated to learn Manx when he read an article written by
Fargher defending the Manx language in late 1953. After attending lessons taught by Leslie Quirk, he was then introduced in person to Fargher, and in turn to other members of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh such as Walter Clarke and
289:
After a low point in the numbers of Manx speakers in the 1961 census, the 1960s and 1970s saw a renewed interest in the Manx language across the island. Fargher also helped to reinvigorate Yn Çheshaght
Ghailckagh when he was elected to the committee in 1972, by organising
1100:
271:
in 1956, and did not return to the Isle of Man until 1963. When he returned, he committed himself to rebuilding the Manx language revival movement which had been nearly stagnant for much of this period, as noted by
Fargher's friend and fellow Manx speaker and member of
235:
A deterrent at that time (and for a very long time after that) would have been the aggressive attitude of most other people: ‘What do you want to waste your time with that old nonsense for? That was never a real language!’ This was like some sort of fixed
314:
We're trying to give our nation back its language; it may be a long uphill struggle, but I think in the final analysis we will definitely achieve this object – perhaps not in my lifetime, but perhaps in the lifetime of those following after us.
386:(1838) but was not aware of Kelly's dictionary, as although it was partially extant in manuscript form, it was not published until decades later in 1866. Rev. William Wood also published a small dictionary for school students of Manx in 1950.
467:
In the decades since the
Fargher's dictionary was published, it has become a vital source for learners of Manx, and after his death: "His great dictionary serves as a practical memorial of this great Manx patriot." The dictionary and the
410:. He described the early 1960s as a period of "great reawakening of national consciousness" and he believed that the language should be the basis of this new nationalist movement. He believed that the Manx people (like the other
1104:
464:
After
Fargher read the first news report in Manx on Manx Radio 1970, there are now weekly radio shows and podcasts in the language, and Manx greetings are used to begin and end every news report.
178:) as an overseer in the copper mines. They did not return to the Isle of Man until 1963. On his return to the Isle of Man, Fargher ran a fruit importing business on Ridgeway Street in Douglas.
294:(Manx Language Nights) and publishing new learner material. He also started broadcasting a weekly 'listen and learn' radio programme in which he taught the lessons from John Gell's
815:
789:
763:
595:
342:, even if they had been used by the last native speakers, and so looked to create new terminology and words. He described his approach in the preface to his dictionary:
147:(1979), the first modern dictionary for the Manx language. Fargher was involved in the promotion of Manx language, culture and nationalist politics throughout his life.
231:
and negative attitudes by much of the Island's population towards the Manx language still posed significant difficulty for learners and established speakers alike:
414:) had an "inferiority complex about their own nationality and their language" and noted that the greatest enthusiasts for Manx Independence were Manx speakers.
248:
church services through Manx to raise the profile of the language. For much of the 1950s he was also a regular contributor to the Manx language column
186:
Douglas
Fargher was one of the several active Manx speakers who learned the language from the diminishing number of elderly native speakers on the
444:
until his death. This required him to read out in the Manx language a brief summary of the new laws that were to be promulgated at
Tynwald Hill.
310:
programme to document the resurgence in interest in Manx language activity, acknowledging the difficulty in the task of reviving Manx:
198:, Fargher travelled around the Manx countryside on bicycles, visiting the native Manx speakers and learning the language from them.
570:
327:, the spoken dictionary, as an audio resource to help learners to pronounce Manx correctly, on behalf of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh.
298:
to listeners. These initiatives helped to attract new young learners to the language movement. In 1966 Irish national broadcaster
244:
and new residents of the Isle of Man to join in his "crusade for maintaining and using the Manx language". Fargher organised
651:
170:
church in a ceremony conducted in Manx by Rev. William Wood. In 1956 Fargher and his wife left the Isle of Man to work in
1179:
303:
221:
370:
Although
Fargher wrote the first modern dictionary for the Manx language, he was not the first Manxman to write one.
1189:
220:
Eventually they were able to make these recordings, albeit often at significant financial expense to themselves;
724:
Clarke, Walter. "Oral History Project Transcript: Time to Remember" (Interview). Interviewed by David Callister.
1184:
554:
376:
A Triglot Dictionary of the Celtic Language, as spoken in Man, Scotland, and Ireland together with the English
338:
Fargher spent many years compiling his dictionary. He was keen to avoid the inclusion of English idioms and
705:
228:
1204:
1010:
273:
991:
461:. Brian Stowell went on to be one of the most important figures in the modern Manx revival movement.
212:
406:, a small political party aimed at gaining full independence and establishing the Isle of Man as an
418:
191:
1214:
495:
256:
Fargher often under the pen name Yn Breagagh, a name which was taken from one of his grandfathers
360:
1209:
960:"Scholarship and language revival: language ideologies in corpus development for revived Manx"
877:
858:
436:
After the death of fellow Manx speaker Bill Radcliffe in 1984, Fargher took over the role of
1164:
1199:
1194:
371:
160:
319:
On Sunday 11 October 1970 Fargher read the first ever news report in the Manx language on
8:
841:
928:
902:
680:
208:
662:
550:
524:
379:
175:
1126:
971:
472:
that he created for it, have become a source of academic debate in and of itself.
735:
399:
135:
activist, author, and radio personality who was involved with the revival of the
458:
411:
356:
1158:
1060:
1173:
666:
528:
453:
407:
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156:
136:
132:
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202:
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441:
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241:
216:
187:
140:
403:
320:
378:, but much of this was destroyed in a fire during publishing in 1807.
469:
245:
224:
for example, loaned them the £8 to purchase the necessary equipment.
205:
1101:"'If it wasn't for Brian, the Manx language would have died out'"
519:Ó Maolfabhail, Art (Spring 1980). "A Dictionary for the Future".
352:
167:
1029:
Focklioar Gaelg-Baarle: A Short School Dictionary of Manx Gaelic
630:
George, Broderick (2013). "Neologisms in Revived Manx Gaelic".
339:
268:
215:
was tasked with recording the remaining native speakers as the
171:
299:
155:
Fargher was born in 1926 to William and Catherine Fargher of
452:
Fargher's work inspired a new generation of Manx speakers.
859:
http://www.poileasaidh.celtscot.ed.ac.uk/gawneseminar.html
421:
and music. In 1979 he provided the Manx translations for
190:
in the 1940s and 1950s. Along with Manx speakers such as
240:
Despite these deterrents, Fargher encouraged his fellow
1165:
Extracts of Doug Fargher speaking Manx with transcripts
285:. An effort to get Manx taught in schools also failed.
181:
1159:
Interview with Doug Fargher on Manx Radio in English
857:Gawne, Phil. "Securing the Future of Manx Gaelic".
1043:Laa Cooinaghtyn Illiam Dhone Oraid Ghaelgagh 2017
330:
262:
1171:
281:recently, and so was the society’s Manx journal
549:. Douglas: Shearwater Press. pp. vi–vii.
143:in the 20th century. He is best known for his
518:
496:"Manx Gaelic and Physics, a Personal Journey"
1063:(Interview). Interviewed by Roger Watterson.
734:Fargher, Doug; Woods, Joe (4 October 1952).
733:
571:"Doug Fargher interview on Manx Radio, 1977"
1073:
649:
544:
402:, Fargher was one of the first members of
975:
875:
394:In 1962, along with fellow Manx speakers
816:"Coraa ny Gael: Niaghtyn voish Breagagh"
16:Manx language activist and lexicographer
1127:"Manx Radio's Support for the Language"
1058:
1049:. No. 55. p. 5. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
521:Carn: A Link Between the Celtic Nations
493:
1172:
629:
252:(Voice of the Gael) in Manx newspaper
1005:
1003:
957:
953:
951:
949:
878:"Newsbeat - Lessons In Manx Language"
876:O’Shannon, Cathal (12 October 1966).
871:
869:
867:
720:
718:
306:interviewed Fargher as part of their
1026:
645:
643:
641:
625:
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540:
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514:
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489:
487:
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201:The following year after a visit by
1041:Kermitt, Markys y (January 2017). "
926:
659:Carn: A Link Between Celtic Nations
503:Journal of Celtic Language Learning
82:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, Mec Vannin
13:
1000:
946:
864:
727:
715:
389:
384:A Dictionary of the Manks Language
182:Early Years with the Manx Language
166:He married Joyce Barry in 1954 at
14:
1226:
1152:
1103:. 27 January 2019. Archived from
1074:Fargher, Doug; Clennell, Claire.
706:Skeealyn Vannin (Stories of Mann)
650:Mac Stoyll, Brian (Spring 1987).
638:
614:
596:"Marriage Service in Manx-Gaelic"
535:
509:
482:
929:"Undin - Pronouncing Dictionary"
547:Fargher's English-Manx Dictionar
211:to the Isle of Man in 1947, the
150:
1119:
1093:
1067:
1052:
1035:
1031:. Glasgow: Maclaren & Sons.
1020:
984:
920:
895:
851:
834:
808:
782:
764:"Church Service In Manx Gaelic"
756:
417:Fargher was also interested in
698:
673:
588:
563:
267:Fargher and his wife left for
263:Return to Mann and later years
227:Manx had traditionally been a
1:
1061:"Doug Fargher Full Interview"
475:
545:Douglas C., Fargher (1979).
7:
964:Studia Celtica Posnaniensia
958:Lewin, Christopher (2017).
736:"Support the Manx Language"
494:Stowell, Brian (May 2011).
408:independent sovereign state
10:
1231:
652:"Baase Doolish y Karagher"
382:spent decades writing his
374:attempted to do so in his
123:(1926–1987) also known as
1180:20th-century Manx writers
997:. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
992:"John Kelly (1750-1809)".
848:. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
447:
213:Irish Folklore Commission
110:
97:
86:
78:
70:
62:
50:
35:
30:
23:
1017:. Retrieved 17 July 2020
712:. Retrieved 17 July 2020
365:English-Irish Dictionary
1190:Manx language activists
332:English-Manx Dictionary
274:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
145:English-Manx Dictionary
104:English-Manx Dictionary
1076:"Five Manx Folk Songs"
1059:Fargher, Doug (1977).
1027:Wood, William (1950).
1009:Moore, A. W. (1901). "
861:Retrieved 17 July 2020
632:Studia Celtica Fennica
349:
347:been discouraged here.
317:
287:
238:
1185:Manx radio presenters
977:10.1515/scp-2017-0006
431:Five Manx Folk Dances
344:
312:
278:
233:
229:low prestige language
990:Moore, A.W. (1901).
423:Five Manx Folk Songs
361:Tomás de Bhaldraithe
163:on the Isle of Man.
372:Reverend John Kelly
351:He often looked to
296:Conversational Manx
1133:. 16 February 2012
770:. 30 December 1952
157:Glencrutchery Road
131:(The Liar), was a
125:Doolish y Karagher
31:Doolish y Karagher
1205:Manx nationalists
1011:Archibald Cregeen
903:"Manx Radio News"
743:Isle of Man Times
602:. 16 October 1954
600:Isle of Man Times
505:. 15–16: 111–126.
380:Archibald Cregeen
176:Northern Rhodesia
118:
117:
90:Promotion of the
58:(aged 60–61)
1222:
1143:
1142:
1140:
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304:Cathal O'Shannon
292:Oieghyn Gaelgagh
283:Coraa Ghailckagh
100:
71:Other names
57:
46:
44:
21:
20:
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1107:on 19 July 2020
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1015:A Manx Notebook
1008:
1001:
995:A Manx Notebook
989:
985:
956:
947:
937:
935:
927:Fargher, Doug.
925:
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911:
909:
901:
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842:Keep the Faith!
840:Cain, Adrian. "
839:
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823:
814:
813:
809:
799:
797:
796:. 27 April 1954
790:"Coraa Ny Gael"
788:
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536:
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510:
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450:
400:Bernard Moffatt
392:
390:Other interests
336:
265:
209:Éamon de Valera
184:
153:
98:
79:Organization(s)
55:
42:
40:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1228:
1218:
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1215:Manx educators
1212:
1207:
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1153:External links
1151:
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1019:
999:
983:
970:(1): 103–109.
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822:. 12 June 1956
807:
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685:Culture Vannin
681:"Leslie Quirk"
672:
637:
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575:Culture Vannin
562:
555:
534:
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480:
479:
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459:Bill Radcliffe
449:
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412:Celtic nations
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357:Irish language
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329:
323:. He released
264:
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254:Mona's Herald.
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87:Known for
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523:(29): 22–23.
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454:Brian Stowell
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192:Walter Clarke
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151:Personal life
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34:
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1148:
1135:. Retrieved
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1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
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1083:. Retrieved
1079:
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1028:
1022:
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936:. Retrieved
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845:
836:
824:. Retrieved
819:
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798:. Retrieved
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772:. Retrieved
767:
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746:. Retrieved
742:
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688:. Retrieved
684:
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604:. Retrieved
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578:. Retrieved
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427:Mona Douglas
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196:Leslie Quirk
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168:Kirk Braddan
165:
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128:
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121:Doug Fargher
120:
119:
103:
99:Notable work
56:(1987-00-00)
25:Doug Fargher
18:
1200:1987 deaths
1195:1926 births
438:Yn Lhaihder
217:Manx Museum
188:Isle of Man
141:Isle of Man
129:Yn Breagagh
114:Joyce Barry
74:Yn Breagagh
63:Nationality
1174:Categories
1131:Learn Manx
933:Learn Manx
907:Learn Manx
846:Learn Manx
690:28 October
661:(57): 19.
606:28 October
580:28 October
556:0904980235
476:References
470:neologisms
419:Manx songs
404:Mec Vannin
321:Manx Radio
1045:" (PDF).
667:0257-7860
529:0257-7860
246:Methodist
222:John Gell
206:Taoiseach
826:2 August
800:2 August
774:2 August
367:(1959).
355:and the
308:Newsbeat
1137:19 July
1111:19 July
1085:20 July
1080:iMuseum
938:19 July
912:20 July
887:19 July
748:19 July
710:iMuseum
634:: 7–29.
442:Tynwald
353:Ireland
340:calques
242:Manxmen
236:mantra.
161:Douglas
139:on the
41: (
1161:(1977)
665:
553:
527:
448:Legacy
334:(1979)
269:Zambia
174:(then
172:Zambia
111:Spouse
106:(1979)
739:(PDF)
655:(PDF)
499:(PDF)
325:Undin
203:Irish
1139:2020
1113:2020
1087:2020
940:2020
914:2020
889:2020
828:2020
802:2020
776:2020
750:2020
692:2020
663:ISSN
608:2020
582:2020
551:ISBN
525:ISSN
440:for
398:and
194:and
66:Manx
54:1987
51:Died
43:1926
39:1926
36:Born
1013:".
972:doi
882:RTÉ
844:".
708:".
363:'s
302:'s
300:RTÉ
159:in
127:or
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1129:.
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1002:^
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948:^
931:.
905:.
880:.
866:^
818:.
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