424:
346:
410:
285:
20:
162:
English nomenclature was confusing, though, since the $ 8 "double pistole" was the doubloon in
English usage, while the $ 16 "quadruple pistole" was the doubloon in American colonial usage. This was disambiguated in references by calling the $ 4 the
217:
in silver, traded at a high gold-silver ratio of 16 (since each real contained 3.833 g of 0.917 silver). Since the prevailing ratio in Europe was 15 in most of the 18th century, doubloons occasionally traded at a discount to this amount, at 30–32
571:"The Universal Cambist, and Commercial Instructor: Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Monies, Weights and Measures of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies; with an Account of Their Banks, Public Funds, and Paper Currencies"
524:
The
Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor: Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Monies, Weights, and Measures, and of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies .... Including a revision of foreign weights and measures
2900:
2030:
1039:
2050:
965:
2968:
2515:
547:
2010:
2973:
2060:
1665:
1023:
574:
3012:
2880:
1984:
662:
1964:
133:
1102:
2738:
849:
618:
476:
1700:
1569:
1196:
1192:
2833:
2828:
2196:
1602:
1245:
698:
2895:
2015:
884:
361:
2662:
1979:
1915:
1637:
1617:
1092:
824:
787:
3027:
2131:
2728:
2637:
2035:
1579:
1132:
762:
628:
605:
332:
314:
2928:
1612:
1096:
874:
2304:
2239:
2865:
2657:
2444:
2244:
1793:
1728:
1314:
1216:
263:) and weighing 8.3771 grams (0.268 troy ounces). The last Spanish doubloons (showing the denomination as 80
2783:
2299:
1743:
1627:
2885:
2823:
2622:
2040:
1753:
1733:
1705:
1622:
1597:
1457:
1265:
1172:
1112:
1079:
350:
310:
2848:
2677:
2434:
594:
3000:
2978:
2933:
2875:
2853:
2667:
2439:
2121:
1910:
1895:
980:
844:
797:
2229:
2870:
2838:
2369:
2234:
1670:
1050:
859:
655:
2858:
2191:
2843:
2743:
2374:
1826:
1758:
727:
2294:
2201:
2778:
2141:
1788:
1675:
1587:
1559:
1186:
1156:
961:
792:
86:
2161:
2116:
539:
23:
Spanish 4-doubloon, or doubloon of 8 escudos, stamped as minted in Mexico city mint in 1798. Obverse:
2697:
2647:
2505:
2404:
1900:
1773:
1738:
1690:
1592:
1204:
1088:
777:
747:
742:
306:
121:; 3.1 g vs 3.48 g fine gold) as the standard Spanish gold coin, the doubloon therefore succeeded the
1322:
2642:
2525:
2485:
2424:
2419:
2359:
1778:
1768:
1554:
1257:
1168:
869:
295:
3022:
2101:
1334:
854:
3052:
2692:
2550:
2394:
2334:
2284:
2186:
1783:
1748:
1695:
1330:
1200:
1164:
894:
767:
752:
648:
299:
1885:
497:
2983:
2555:
2490:
1994:
1880:
1763:
1723:
1367:
1160:
819:
809:
2126:
570:
522:
147:
gold coins were minted in one-half, one, two, four, and eight escudo denominations, with each
2429:
1839:
1660:
1549:
1488:
1416:
1326:
1027:
707:
2963:
2364:
2151:
2111:
2070:
1044:
367:
In Europe, the doubloon became the model for several other gold coins, including the French
2938:
2607:
2570:
2560:
2500:
2399:
2379:
2274:
2086:
1905:
782:
772:
236:
2464:
2254:
2176:
8:
3057:
3007:
2763:
2748:
2632:
2612:
2565:
2545:
2349:
2344:
2289:
2259:
2025:
1650:
1607:
1564:
1493:
1462:
1233:
1212:
1178:
1084:
1054:
985:
829:
802:
702:
268:
82:
2753:
2454:
345:
2768:
2758:
2733:
2687:
2652:
2510:
2219:
2096:
1969:
1467:
1447:
1107:
995:
722:
429:
390:
129:
24:
2091:
2020:
2948:
2890:
2723:
2495:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2384:
2339:
2269:
2249:
2224:
2171:
2146:
1411:
938:
879:
834:
693:
624:
601:
394:
969:
356:
Doubloons have also been minted in
Portuguese colonies, where they went by the name
2580:
2575:
2540:
2520:
2279:
2156:
2055:
1959:
1421:
1261:
443:
190:
36:
2958:
990:
468:
128:
In modern times, the doubloon is remembered due in large part to the influence of
3023:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
2773:
2713:
2627:
2535:
2409:
2389:
2354:
2136:
2106:
2045:
1655:
1645:
1541:
1426:
1318:
1275:
1035:
943:
814:
180:
144:
2682:
2617:
2530:
2414:
2166:
1989:
1974:
1875:
1849:
1834:
1715:
1310:
1304:
1208:
975:
889:
839:
717:
671:
448:
437:
227:
208:
152:
148:
106:
56:
48:
1122:
3046:
2181:
1031:
948:
757:
2953:
2943:
2672:
2211:
2065:
1890:
1406:
1182:
864:
712:
415:
369:
213:
61:
2264:
185:
1854:
1680:
1249:
1127:
201:
197:
1844:
2718:
1452:
732:
66:
73:
gold (or 0.917 fine; hence 6.2 g fine gold). Doubloons were minted in
1685:
1442:
1342:
1117:
1019:
953:
102:
78:
52:
284:
737:
159:", and the large eight-escudo (or $ 16) was a "quadruple pistole".
90:
3017:
2988:
1498:
1483:
640:
385:
379:
156:
94:
1954:
1508:
1503:
1280:
98:
2995:
1269:
933:
271:
of Mexico, Peru and New
Granada continued to mint doubloons.
118:
74:
70:
364:
is the only extant currency with a name meaning "doubloon."
267:) were minted in 1849. After their independence, the former
155:
or $ 2. The two-escudo (or $ 4 coin) was the "doubloon" or "
1338:
1253:
19:
1231:
620:
Concise Oxford
English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set
204:
at the rate of £4 and became the dominant coin there.
986:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
349:
Italian States, Piacenza, 2 Doppie (1626), depicting
405:
27:.et Ind.R. Reverse:.in.utroq.felix. .auspice.deo.fm.
617:Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (18 August 2011).
3044:
1530:
225:In Spain, doubloons were current for $ 4 (four
616:
1175:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
656:
235:) up to the middle of the 19th century.
850:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
313:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
663:
649:
2969:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
333:Learn how and when to remove this message
2974:Colonial universities in the Philippines
344:
18:
1965:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
3045:
2918:
2917:
2813:
2812:
1936:
1814:
1529:
1388:
1356:
1293:
1230:
1145:
1068:
1008:
922:
911:
683:
682:
644:
568:
520:
490:
274:
1246:Captaincy General of the Philippines
738:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
597:Money and Exchange in Canada to 1900
311:adding citations to reliable sources
278:
247:in 1859, and replaced the 6.77-gram
200:, doubloons of eight were valued in
2949:Indochristian painting in New Spain
1069:
13:
1916:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
1389:
670:
550:from the original on 8 August 2016
65:, and weighing 6.766 grams (0.218
14:
3069:
1146:
1009:
890:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
3001:Criollos in the colonial society
2929:Spanish missions in the Americas
2051:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
440:, also known as a piece of eight
422:
408:
283:
3028:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
912:
577:from the original on 2023-01-14
479:from the original on 2015-09-20
16:Two-escudo or 32-real gold coin
1357:
1080:Captaincy General of Guatemala
788:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
610:
588:
562:
532:
514:
461:
351:Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma
207:Doubloons, when exchanged for
125:or double-ducat denomination.
55:worth approximately $ 4 (four
1:
2979:General Archive of the Indies
2240:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
1911:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1896:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
845:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
798:War of the Spanish Succession
763:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
454:
360:, with the same meaning. The
1937:
1051:Captaincy General of Yucatan
981:Union with Holy Roman Empire
960:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
875:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
243:-based coinage with decimal
7:
1815:
1531:Administrative subdivisions
728:War of the League of Cognac
401:
362:São Tomé and Príncipe dobra
109:succeeded the heavier gold
10:
3074:
2245:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
2230:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2132:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
1294:
1030:), Western United States (
923:
793:Portuguese Restoration War
540:"What Are Gold Doubloons?"
173:doubloon of four (escudos)
139:
3013:Slavery in Spanish Empire
2924:
2913:
2819:
2808:
2706:
2600:
2593:
2478:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2300:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
2210:
2079:
2041:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
2003:
1947:
1943:
1932:
1901:Barcelona Trading Company
1868:
1825:
1821:
1810:
1714:
1666:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
1636:
1578:
1540:
1536:
1525:
1476:
1435:
1399:
1395:
1384:
1363:
1300:
1241:
1173:Venezuela, part of Guyana
1152:
1075:
1026:, Central United States (
1015:
929:
918:
907:
758:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
743:Expulsion of the Moriscos
689:
678:
633:– via Google Books.
77:and the viceroyalties of
2954:Quito painting tradition
2944:Cusco painting tradition
2305:García López de Cárdenas
2295:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
2202:Felipe González de Ahedo
2122:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
699:Conquest of the Americas
595:McCullough, Alan Bruce.
2739:Comuneros (New Granada)
2516:Balearic Islands (1558)
2235:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2162:Ruy López de Villalobos
2117:Miguel López de Legazpi
2031:García de Toledo Osorio
895:Western Sahara conflict
885:Independence of Morocco
825:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
768:Piracy in the Caribbean
753:French Wars of Religion
569:Kelly, Patrick (1821).
521:Kelly, Patrick (1821).
2984:Colonial Spanish Horse
2658:Colonia del Sacramento
1881:Spanish treasure fleet
1458:Royal Decree of Graces
383:, the Northern German
353:
28:
2142:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
2102:Juan Sebastián Elcano
1417:Council of the Indies
778:Spanish–Moro conflict
748:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
708:Treaty of Tordesillas
348:
269:Spanish Viceroyalties
22:
2939:Mesoamerican Codices
2663:Comuneros (Paraguay)
2501:Siege of Castelnuovo
2087:Christopher Columbus
1906:Consulate of the Sea
1886:Casa de Contratación
1477:Titles and positions
870:Spanish–American War
860:Liberal constitution
703:Asia and the Pacific
307:improve this section
237:Isabella II of Spain
183:did the same as per
42:, or "double", i.e.
25:Carol.IIII.D.G. Hisp
2668:Cartagena de Indias
2290:Diego de Mazariegos
2260:Pere Fages i Beleta
2127:Sebastián de Ocampo
1608:Provincias Internas
1580:Captaincies General
1494:Municipal president
1463:School of Salamanca
1234:Spanish East Indies
1213:Misiones Orientales
1085:Spanish West Indies
1049:, Central America (
996:Pyrénées-Orientales
949:Union with Portugal
840:Napoleonic invasion
820:War of Jenkins' Ear
251:with a new heavier
175:, and the $ 16 the
2964:Academia Antártica
2919:Other civil topics
2285:Pánfilo de Narváez
2187:Sebastián Vizcaíno
2152:Andrés de Urdaneta
2112:Juan Ponce de León
2097:Ferdinand Magellan
2071:Bernardo de Gálvez
1970:Indian auxiliaries
1468:Trial of residence
1448:Laws of the Indies
1232:Asia and Oceania (
1093:Dominican Republic
430:Numismatics portal
354:
275:In other countries
130:historical fiction
29:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
2909:
2908:
2814:Spanish conquests
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2589:
2588:
2270:Pedro de Alvarado
2255:Gaspar de Portolà
2250:Pedro de Valdivia
2225:Francisco Pizarro
2177:Nicolás de Ovando
2172:Alonso de Ercilla
2147:Alonso de Salazar
1980:Ships of the line
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1352:
1351:
1309:Northern Africa (
1305:Equatorial Guinea
1289:
1288:
1226:
1225:
1141:
1140:
1064:
1063:
1055:Spanish Caribbean
1028:Spanish Louisiana
1004:
1003:
939:Crown of Castille
903:
902:
880:Spanish Civil War
855:Adams–Onís Treaty
835:Nootka Convention
783:Thirty Years' War
773:Eighty Years' War
694:Catholic Monarchs
684:Timeline–immersed
343:
342:
335:
177:doubloon of eight
151:worth around two
3065:
2915:
2914:
2881:Chibchan Nations
2810:
2809:
2779:Santiago de Cuba
2638:Guadalupe Island
2598:
2597:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2280:Diego de Almagro
2157:Antonio de Ulloa
2061:Ambrosio Spinola
2056:Pedro de Zubiaur
2026:Alfonso d'Avalos
2016:Antonio de Leyva
1960:Army of Flanders
1945:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1354:
1353:
1327:Peñón of Algiers
1291:
1290:
1228:
1227:
1143:
1142:
1066:
1065:
1048:
1006:
1005:
920:
919:
909:
908:
830:Seven Years' War
803:Queen Anne's War
680:
679:
665:
658:
651:
642:
641:
635:
634:
614:
608:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
566:
560:
559:
557:
555:
536:
530:
529:
518:
512:
511:
509:
508:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
465:
444:Brasher Doubloon
432:
427:
426:
425:
418:
413:
412:
411:
338:
331:
327:
324:
318:
287:
279:
255:worth $ 5 (five
233:reales de vellón
191:Brasher doubloon
145:Spanish American
3073:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3032:
3008:Old inquisition
2920:
2905:
2815:
2788:
2744:Trinidad (1797)
2714:La Noche Triste
2702:
2698:San Juan (1797)
2648:San Juan (1595)
2585:
2474:
2314:Notable battles
2309:
2275:Martín de Ursúa
2206:
2137:Alonso de Ojeda
2107:Juan de la Cosa
2092:Pinzón brothers
2075:
2046:John of Austria
2021:Martín de Goiti
1999:
1939:
1920:
1864:
1817:
1798:
1710:
1706:Terra Australis
1701:Río de la Plata
1646:Castilla de Oro
1632:
1574:
1570:Río de la Plata
1532:
1513:
1472:
1431:
1427:Santa Hermandad
1391:
1372:
1368:Terra Australis
1359:
1348:
1315:Spanish Morocco
1296:
1285:
1276:Northern Taiwan
1237:
1222:
1193:Río de la Plata
1148:
1137:
1071:
1070:Central America
1060:
1042:
1011:
1000:
944:Crown of Aragon
925:
914:
899:
815:Bourbon Reforms
685:
674:
669:
639:
638:
631:
615:
611:
599:, Dundurn, 1984
593:
589:
580:
578:
567:
563:
553:
551:
538:
537:
533:
519:
515:
506:
504:
496:
495:
491:
482:
480:
467:
466:
462:
457:
428:
423:
421:
414:
409:
407:
404:
339:
328:
322:
319:
304:
288:
277:
239:switched to an
181:Spanish America
165:common doubloon
153:Spanish dollars
142:
123:doble excelente
57:Spanish dollars
17:
12:
11:
5:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:Coins of Spain
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2824:Canary Islands
2820:
2817:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Túpac Amaru II
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Bogotá savanna
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Spanish Armada
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:White Mountain
2422:
2420:Cape Celidonia
2417:
2415:English Armada
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2192:Juan Fernández
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Diego Columbus
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1995:Army of Africa
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Spanish Armada
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Manila galleon
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1390:Administration
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1311:Western Sahara
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1209:Banda Oriental
1190:
1176:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1024:Coastal Alaska
1016:
1013:
1012:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
958:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
930:
927:
926:
916:
915:
905:
904:
901:
900:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
696:
690:
687:
686:
676:
675:
672:Spanish Empire
668:
667:
660:
653:
645:
637:
636:
629:
623:. OUP Oxford.
609:
587:
561:
531:
513:
498:"Spanish Gold"
489:
473:Dictionary.com
459:
458:
456:
453:
452:
451:
449:Moby Dick Coin
446:
441:
438:Spanish dollar
434:
433:
419:
403:
400:
395:Friedrich d'or
373:, the Italian
341:
340:
291:
289:
282:
276:
273:
171:, the $ 8 the
141:
138:
107:Spanish escudo
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Tapada limeña
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Montes Claros
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Vienna (1529)
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Hernán Cortés
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2212:Conquistadors
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Juan de Ayala
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Duke of Savoy
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Dollar (Peso)
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1795:
1794:Santo Domingo
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:New Andalusia
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Santo Domingo
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1542:Viceroyalties
1539:
1535:
1528:
1524:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1355:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1292:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1147:South America
1144:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Spanish Texas
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:North America
1007:
997:
994:
992:
991:Franche-Comté
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
931:
928:
921:
917:
910:
906:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
681:
677:
673:
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
647:
646:
643:
632:
630:9780199601103
626:
622:
621:
613:
607:
606:9780919670860
603:
600:
598:
591:
576:
572:
565:
549:
545:
541:
535:
527:
526:
517:
503:
499:
493:
478:
474:
470:
464:
460:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
436:
435:
431:
420:
417:
406:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
381:
376:
372:
371:
365:
363:
359:
352:
347:
337:
334:
326:
316:
312:
308:
302:
301:
297:
292:This section
290:
286:
281:
280:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
223:
221:
216:
215:
210:
205:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
51:
50:
45:
44:double escudo
41:
38:
34:
26:
21:
2934:Architecture
2829:The Americas
2693:Newfoundland
2683:Túpac Katari
2673:Cuerno Verde
2608:Tenochtitlan
2440:Valenciennes
2197:Luis Fajardo
2066:Blas de Lezo
2011:Duke of Alba
1891:Spanish Road
1859:
1729:Buenos Aires
1638:Governorates
1407:Ayuntamiento
1400:Organization
865:Carlist Wars
713:Italian Wars
619:
612:
596:
590:
579:. Retrieved
564:
552:. Retrieved
543:
534:
523:
516:
505:. Retrieved
502:coins.nd.edu
501:
492:
481:. Retrieved
472:
463:
416:Money portal
393:
384:
378:
377:, the Swiss
374:
368:
366:
357:
355:
329:
320:
305:Please help
293:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
226:
224:
219:
212:
206:
195:
184:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
143:
127:
122:
114:
110:
89:(modern-day
60:
47:
46:) was a two-
43:
39:
32:
30:
2901:Philippines
2866:El Salvador
2486:Capo d'Orso
2370:St. Quentin
2345:Rome (1527)
2004:Strategists
1754:Guadalajara
1681:New Navarre
1676:New Castile
1661:La Luisiana
1613:Puerto Rico
1603:Philippines
1560:New Granada
1250:Philippines
1211:(Uruguay),
1207:(Bolivia),
1157:New Granada
1097:Puerto Rico
1043: [
913:Territories
733:Encomiendas
528:Lackington.
202:Nova Scotia
198:War of 1812
189:. See also
87:New Granada
3058:Gold coins
3047:Categories
2571:Somosierra
2561:Manila Bay
2435:Nördlingen
2375:Gravelines
1855:Columnario
1827:Currencies
1744:Concepción
1716:Audiencias
1691:New Toledo
1656:La Florida
1489:Corregidor
1453:Papal bull
1358:Antarctica
1266:Micronesia
723:Golden Age
581:2021-11-29
507:2023-08-30
483:2015-08-31
469:"Doubloon"
455:References
389:, and the
370:Louis d'or
323:March 2023
196:After the
167:or simply
105:). As the
67:troy ounce
2876:Nicaragua
2854:Guatemala
2764:Pichincha
2749:Chacabuco
2688:Pensacola
2633:Mataquito
2613:Cajamarca
2594:New World
2566:Trafalgar
2470:Alhucemas
2350:Landriano
2335:Comuneros
2321:Old World
2265:Joan Orpí
1985:Royalists
1759:Guatemala
1686:New Spain
1623:Venezuela
1598:Guatemala
1555:New Spain
1550:Columbian
1443:Exequatur
1343:Cape Juby
1197:Argentina
1020:New Spain
954:Gibraltar
718:Habsburgs
294:does not
259:, or 100
186:es:doblón
111:excelente
103:Venezuela
79:New Spain
53:gold coin
2886:Colombia
2871:Honduras
2784:Asomante
2769:Ayacucho
2759:Carabobo
2734:Curalaba
2511:Ceresole
2405:Gembloux
2365:Mühlberg
2080:Mariners
1938:Military
1860:Doubloon
1845:Maravedí
1789:Santiago
1696:Paraguay
1422:Germania
1262:Caroline
1217:Malvinas
1201:Paraguay
1161:Colombia
1103:Trinidad
970:Sardinia
810:Bourbons
575:Archived
548:Archived
477:Archived
402:See also
391:Prussian
231:, or 80
169:doubloon
91:Colombia
69:) of 22-
59:) or 32
33:doubloon
3018:Asiento
2989:Mustang
2849:Yucatán
2844:Chiapas
2724:Tucapel
2556:Passaro
2506:Algiers
2496:Preveza
2465:Tetouan
2460:Vitoria
2450:Bitonto
2390:Antwerp
2385:Lepanto
2340:Bicocca
1816:Economy
1739:Charcas
1734:Caracas
1628:Yucatán
1499:Regidor
1484:Alcalde
1412:Cabildo
1319:Tripoli
1258:Mariana
1205:Charcas
1181:(Peru,
1165:Ecuador
1128:Bonaire
1123:Curazao
1108:Jamaica
1036:Florida
386:pistole
380:duplone
315:removed
300:sources
157:pistole
140:History
95:Ecuador
37:Spanish
2996:Castas
2754:Boyacá
2729:Guiana
2719:Iguape
2643:Recife
2581:Mactan
2576:Annual
2541:Rocroi
2536:Leiden
2521:Djerba
2455:Bailén
2410:Ostend
2395:Azores
1990:Legión
1955:Tercio
1948:Armies
1850:Escudo
1779:Panamá
1774:Mexico
1769:Manila
1724:Bogotá
1509:Vecino
1504:Syndic
1335:Béjaïa
1295:Africa
1281:Tidore
1169:Panama
1133:Belize
1040:Mexico
966:Sicily
962:Naples
924:Europe
627:
604:
375:doppia
358:dobrão
265:reales
261:reales
253:doblón
249:doblón
245:reales
241:escudo
220:reales
214:reales
211:or 32
149:escudo
134:piracy
132:about
115:ducado
101:, and
99:Panama
85:, and
62:reales
49:escudo
40:doblón
35:(from
2891:Chile
2859:Petén
2834:Aztec
2653:Bahia
2628:Penco
2618:Cusco
2546:Downs
2526:Tunis
2445:Ceuta
2430:Breda
2380:Malta
2360:Tunis
2355:Pavia
1869:Trade
1784:Quito
1749:Cusco
1588:Chile
1323:Tunis
1270:Palau
1187:Chile
1118:Aruba
1113:Haiti
1047:]
976:Milan
934:Spain
554:3 May
544:APMEX
257:duros
228:duros
119:ducat
75:Spain
71:karat
2896:Inca
2839:Maya
2774:Guam
2707:Lost
2479:Lost
2400:Mons
1840:Real
1764:Lima
1651:Cuba
1593:Cuba
1565:Perú
1341:and
1339:Ifni
1331:Oran
1254:Guam
1183:Acre
1179:Peru
1089:Cuba
968:and
625:ISBN
602:ISBN
556:2021
298:any
296:cite
113:(or
83:Peru
31:The
2601:Won
2328:Won
1436:Law
1333:,
1053:),
1034:),
525:...
309:by
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