969:
charter, holding quarterly meetings of the legislature and electing colony-wide officials, while Treat and Andros negotiated over the surrender of the charter. In
October 1687, Andros finally decided to travel to Connecticut to personally see to the matter. He arrived in Hartford on October 31, accompanied by an honor guard, and met that evening with the colonial leadership. The Colonists lay the charter on a table for all to see during this meeting, but the lights suddenly went out. When the lights were relit, the charter had disappeared. It was said to have been hidden in a nearby oak tree (referred to afterward as the
56:
5211:
906:
Massachusetts had no pre-existing tax laws, so a scheme of taxation was developed that would apply to the entire dominion, developed by a committee of landowners. The first proposal derived its revenues from import duties, principally alcohol. After much debate, the committee adopted a different proposal, in essence reviving previous
Massachusetts tax laws. These laws had been unpopular with farmers who felt that the taxes were too high on livestock. In order to bring in immediate revenue, Andros also received approval to increase the import duties on alcohol.
826:
1084:
attacks on the New
England frontier by Abenaki parties, who admitted that they were doing so in part because of French encouragement. The situation in Maine had also deteriorated again, with English colonists raiding Indian villages and shipping the captives to Boston. Andros castigated the Maine colonists for this and ordered the Indians to be released and returned to Maine, earning the hatred of the Maine settlers. He then returned to Maine with a significant force and began the construction of additional fortifications to protect the settlers, including
70:
2503:
873:
101:
5199:
1139:
775:
5151:
3318:
5161:
822:
would never suffer me to land again in this country, and thereupon began in a most arbitrary manner to assert their power higher than at any time before." Elections of colonial military officers were also compromised when many of them refused to serve. Dudley made a number of judicial appointments, generally favoring the political moderates who had supported accommodation of the king's wishes in the battle over the old charter.
5187:
977:
706:. The American colonists resisted these laws, particularly in the New England colonies which had established significant trading networks with other English colonies and with European countries and their colonies, especially Spain and the Dutch Republic. The Navigation Acts also outlawed some existing New England practices, in effect turning merchants into smugglers while significantly increasing the cost of doing business.
949:
process as a thinly veiled land grab. The
Puritans of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay refused, some of whom had extensive landholdings. All of the existing land titles in Massachusetts had been granted under the now-vacated colonial charter; in essence, Andros declared them to be void and required landowners to recertify their ownership, paying fees to the dominion and becoming subject to the charge of a quit-rent.
1123:
Andros. Edward
Randolph attempted to stop him; Mather was arrested, tried, and exonerated on one charge, but Randolph made a second arrest warrant with new charges. Mather was clandestinely spirited aboard a ship bound for England in April 1688. He and other Massachusetts agents were well received by James, who promised in October 1688 that the colony's concerns would be addressed. However, the events of the
738:
competitors to
English merchants. They were now starting to develop workshops that threatened to deprive England of its lucrative colonial market for manufactured articles, such as textiles, leather goods, and ironware. The plan, therefore, was to establish a uniform all-powerful government over the northern colonies so that the people would be diverted away from manufacturing and foreign trade.
836:
remaining taxes on the grounds that they had been enacted by the old government and were thus invalid. Dudley and
Randolph were largely unsuccessful at introducing the Church of England due to a lack of funding, but they were also hampered by the perceived political danger of imposing on the existing churches for their use.
948:
The manner in which Andros approached the issue was doubly divisive, since it threatened any landowner whose title was in any way dubious. Some landowners went through the confirmation process, but many refused, since they did not want to face the possibility of losing their land, and they viewed the
821:
Dudley's charter arrived in Boston on May 14, 1686, and he formally took charge of
Massachusetts on May 25. His rule did not begin auspiciously, since a number of Massachusetts magistrates refused to serve on his council. According to Edward Randolph, the Puritan magistrates "were of opinion that God
1122:
in May 1687, and
Increase Mather sent a letter to thank him for the declaration, and then he suggested to his peers that they also express gratitude to the king as a means to gain favor and influence. Ten pastors agreed to do so, and they decided to send Mather to England to press their case against
1015:
who came to Boston in early 1687 as part of Andros' honor guard and had been promoted to his council. During the summer of 1688, Andros traveled first to New York and then to the
Jerseys to establish his commission. Dominion governance of the Jerseys was complicated by the fact that the proprietors'
835:
Dudley was significantly hampered by the inability to raise revenues in the dominion. His commission did not allow the introduction of new revenue laws, and the Massachusetts government had repealed all such laws in 1683, anticipating the loss of the charter. Furthermore, many refused to pay the few
1208:
Agents for both colonies worked in England to rectify the charter issues, with Increase Mather petitioning the Lords of Trade for a restoration of the old Massachusetts charter. King William was informed that this would result in a return of the Puritan government, and he wanted to prevent that, so
1179:
News of the Boston revolt reached New York by April 26, but Lieutenant Governor Nicholson did not take any immediate action. Andros managed to send a message to Nicholson while in captivity. Nicholson received the request for assistance in mid-May, but he was unable to take any effective action due
909:
The first attempts to enforce the revenue laws were met by stiff resistance from a number of Massachusetts communities. Several towns refused to choose commissioners to assess the town population and estates, and officials from a number of them were consequently arrested and brought to Boston. Some
905:
After Andros' arrival, the council began a long process of harmonizing laws throughout the dominion to conform more closely to English laws. This work was so time-consuming that Andros issued a proclamation in March 1687 stating that pre-existing laws would remain in effect until they were revised.
1083:
Andros took over the administration of New York in August 1688, and he met with the Iroquois at Albany to renew the covenant. In this meeting, he annoyed the Iroquois by referring to them as "children" (subservient to the English) rather than "brethren" (equals). He returned to Boston amid further
926:
One consequence of the tax protest was that Andros sought to restrict town meetings, since these were where that protest had begun. He introduced a law that limited meetings to a single annual meeting, solely for the purpose of electing officials, and explicitly banning meetings at other times for
701:
sought to streamline the administration of these colonial territories. Charles and his government began a process that brought a number of the colonies under direct crown control. One reason for these actions was the cost of administration of individual colonies, but another significant reason was
750:
moved forward with plans to establish a unified administration over at least some of the New England colonies. The specific objectives of the dominion included the regulation of trade, reformation of land title practices to conform more to English methods and practices, coordination on matters of
968:
to surrender the colonial charter not long after his arrival in Boston. Connecticut officials formally acknowledged Andros' authority, unlike Rhode Island, whose officials acceded to the dominion but in fact did little to assist him. Connecticut continued to run their government according to the
939:
Andros dealt a major blow to the colonists by challenging their title to the land, as the great majority of Americans were land-owners unlike their English equals. Taylor says that they "regarded secure real estate as fundamental to their liberty, status, and prosperity", and the colonists "felt
737:
England's desire for colonies that produced agricultural staples worked well for the southern colonies, which produced tobacco, rice, and indigo, but not so well for New England due to the geology of the region. Lacking a suitable staple, the New Englanders engaged in trade and became successful
839:
Dudley and Randolph enforced the Navigation Acts, although they did not adhere entirely to the laws. Some variations were overlooked, understanding that certain provisions of the acts were unfair, and they suggested to the Lords of Trade that the laws be modified to ameliorate these conditions.
944:
as a means of raising colonial revenues. Titles issued in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine under the colonial administration often suffered from defects of form such as lacking an imprint of the colonial seal, and most of them did not include a quit-rent payment. Land grants in colonial
733:
Massachusetts had a long history of virtually theocratic rule, and they exhibited little tolerance for non-Puritans, including supporters of the Church of England (which was most important for the king). Charles II repeatedly sought to change the Massachusetts government, but they resisted all
868:
Andros' commission called for governance by himself with a council. The initial composition of the council included representatives from each of the colonies which the dominion absorbed, but the council's quorums were dominated by representatives from Massachusetts and Plymouth because of the
1196:
The dissolution of the dominion presented legal problems for Massachusetts and Plymouth. Plymouth never had a royal charter, and the charter of Massachusetts had been revoked. As a result, the restored governments lacked legal foundations for their existence, an issue raised by the political
986:
Connecticut records show that its government formally surrendered its seals and ceased operation that day. Andros then traveled throughout the colony, making judicial and other appointments before returning to Boston. On December 29, 1687, the dominion council formally extended its laws over
1154:
containing news that the charter had been illegally annulled and that the magistrates should "prepare the minds of the people for a change." News of the revolution apparently reached some individuals as early as late March, and Bradstreet is one of several possible organizers of the
917:
The other provinces did not resist the imposition of the new law, even though the rates were higher than they had been under the previous colonial administration, at least in Rhode Island. Plymouth's relatively poor landowners were hard hit because of the high rates on livestock.
1159:
on April 18, 1689. He and other pre-Dominion magistrates and some members of Andros' council addressed an open letter to Andros on that day calling for his surrender. Andros, Randolph, Dudley, and other dominion supporters were arrested and imprisoned in Boston.
812:
had served as the crown agent investigating affairs in New England, and he was appointed to the council, as well. Randolph was also commissioned with a long list of other posts, including secretary of the dominion, collector of customs, and deputy postmaster.
859:
Andros had previously been governor of New York; he arrived in Boston on December 20, 1686 and immediately assumed power. He took a hard-line position, claiming that the colonists had left behind all their rights as Englishmen when they left England.
807:
Dudley's limited commission specified that he would rule with an appointed council and no representative legislature. The councilors named as members of this body included a cross-section of politically moderate men from the old colonial governments.
709:
Some of the New England colonies presented specific problems for the king, and combining those colonies into a single administrative entity was seen as a way to resolve those problems. Plymouth Colony had never been formally chartered, and the
1071:
harbored grievances against English settlers, and they began an offensive in early 1688. Andros made an expedition into Maine early in the year, in which he raided a number of Indian settlements. He also raided the trading outpost and home of
1163:
The dominion then effectively collapsed, as local authorities in each colony seized dominion representatives and reasserted their earlier power. In Plymouth, dominion councilor Nathaniel Clark was arrested on April 22, and previous governor
956:, but large landowners who owned many parcels contested these individually, rather than recertifying all of their lands. Few new titles were issued during the Andros regime; only about 20 were approved out of 200 applications.
864:
rallied his parishioners in 1687 to protest and resist taxes, so Andros had him arrested, convicted, and fined. An Andros official stated: "Mr. Wise, you have no more privileges Left you then not to be Sold for Slaves."
888:
Shortly after his arrival, Andros asked each of the Puritan churches in Boston if its meetinghouse could be used for services of the Church of England, but he was consistently rebuffed. He then demanded keys to
1180:
to rising tensions in New York, combined with the fact that most of Nicholson's troops had been sent to Maine. At the end of May, Nicholson was overthrown by local colonists supported by the militia in
1172:
refused to serve, and the colony continued without one. In Connecticut, the earlier government was also rapidly readopted. New Hampshire was temporarily left without formal government, and came under
666:
A number of English colonies were established in America and in the West Indies during the first half of the 17th century, with varying attributes. Some originated as commercial ventures, such as the
2448:
940:
horrified by the sweeping and expensive challenge to their land titles." Andros had been instructed to bring colonial land title practices more in line with those in England, and to introduce
1150:
for restoration of the old Massachusetts charter. Mather furthermore convinced the Lords of Trade to delay notifying Andros of the revolution. He sent a letter to previous colonial governor
100:
851:
in the dominion, based on a petition from Dudley's council. Andros's commission had been issued in June, and he was given an annex to his commission to incorporate them into the dominion.
840:
However, the Massachusetts economy suffered, also negatively affected by external circumstances. A dispute eventually occurred between Dudley and Randolph over matters related to trade.
5138:
650:. After these events, the colonies that had been assembled into the dominion reverted to their previous forms of government, although some governed formally without a charter. King
718:, the king's father. The territory of Maine was disputed by competing grantees and by Massachusetts, and New Hampshire was a very small, recently established crown colony. The
1033:
4949:
686:, despite its corporate beginning, while Massachusetts and other New England colonies had corporate charters and a great deal of administrative freedom. Other areas were
521:
507:
493:
479:
454:
440:
426:
412:
573:. The dominion was unacceptable to most colonists because they deeply resented being stripped of their rights and having their colonial charters revoked. Governor
1020:. The dominion period in the Jerseys was relatively uneventful because of their distance from the power centers and the unexpected end of the Dominion in 1689.
5241:
3354:
1007:
were added to the Dominion on May 7, 1688. They were remote from Boston where Andros had his seat, so New York and the Jerseys were run by Lieutenant Governor
5256:
702:
the regulation of trade. Throughout the 1660s, the English Parliament passed a number of laws to regulate the trade of the colonies, collectively called the
3808:
632:. It was too large for a single governor to manage. Governor Andros was highly unpopular and was seen as a threat by most political factions. News of the
5236:
1188:
as its governor. Sloughter had Leisler tried on charges of high treason; he was convicted in a trial presided over by Joseph Dudley and then executed.
5271:
4522:
2789:
2623:
2455:
844:
679:
609:
5116:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
734:
substantive attempts at reform. In 1683, legal proceedings were begun to vacate the Massachusetts charter; it was formally annulled in June 1684.
1088:. Andros spent the winter in Maine, and returned to Boston in March upon hearing rumors of revolution in England and discontentment in Boston.
5246:
4681:
577:
tried to make legal and structural changes, but most of these were undone and the Dominion was overthrown as soon as word was received that
5276:
5109:
5092:
4970:
4561:
2707:
927:
any reason. This loss of local power was widely hated. Many protests were made that the town meeting and tax laws were violations of the
1205:
in 1689. The cost of colonial defense resulted in a heavy tax burden, and the war also made it difficult to rebuild the colony's trade.
4251:
4245:
3347:
3034:
3028:
945:
Connecticut and Rhode Island had been made before either colony had a charter, and there were conflicting claims in a number of areas.
5281:
5261:
5251:
4307:
2332:
Stanwood, Owen (2007). "The Protestant Moment: Antipopery, the Revolution of 1688β1689, and the Making of an Anglo-American Empire".
1429:
Barth, Jonathan Edward (2014). "'A Peculiar Stampe of Our Owne': The Massachusetts Mint and the Battle over Sovereignty, 1652-1691".
1073:
3175:
809:
1201:
saw its defenders recalled in the aftermath of the revolt; that area was exposed to French and Indian raids after the outbreak of
4155:
1118:, were opposed to the rule of Andros and organized dissent targeted to influence the court in London. King James published the
751:
defense, and a streamlining of the administration into fewer centers. The Dominion initially comprised the territories of the
4516:
3340:
3260:
2255:
2228:
2182:
2138:
2096:
290:
796:, and his commission was withdrawn. The King issued a provisional commission on October 8, 1685 to Massachusetts Bay native
4854:
4464:
3690:
3089:
280:
800:
as President of the Council of New England, due to delays in developing the commission for Kirke's intended successor Sir
4794:
3576:
3461:
3181:
1080:. His careful preservation of the Catholic Castin's chapel was a source of later accusations of "popery" against Andros.
1057:
4512:
2986:
105:
Map of the Dominion, represented in dark red, as of 1688. Names of the constituent and neighboring colonies also shown.
4674:
3867:
3292:
3219:
1792:
1168:
was reinstated. Rhode Island authorities resumed the colony's charter with elections on May 1, but previous governor
5231:
4547:
4534:
3095:
2441:
1119:
910:
were fined and released, while others were imprisoned until they promised to perform their duties. The leaders of
5266:
4763:
4494:
3332:
2700:
1060:
appealed for help, and King James ordered Andros to render assistance. James also entered into negotiations with
768:
1016:
charters had been revoked, yet they had retained their property and petitioned Andros for what were traditional
5057:
4585:
4199:
4093:
3910:
3594:
55:
4867:
4631:
4382:
3823:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
3720:
3652:
2819:
1210:
893:'s Third Church in 1687, and services were held there under the auspices of Robert Ratcliff until 1688, when
792:
approved Kirke's commission later in 1685, but Kirke came under harsh criticism for his role in putting down
4667:
4117:
4041:
4017:
4011:
3368:
914:
had been most vocal in their opposition to the law; they were tried and convicted of misdemeanor offenses.
1482:
Hall, Michael G. (1979). "Origins in Massachusetts of the Constitutional Doctrine of Advice and Consent".
1197:
opponents of the leadership. This was particularly problematic in Massachusetts, whose long frontier with
5084:
4750:
3600:
3125:
719:
3101:
1241:
This is a list of the chief administrators of the Dominion of New England in America from 1684 to 1689:
1184:, and he fled to England. Leisler governed New York until 1691, when King William commissioned Colonel
5177:
4822:
4599:
4573:
4470:
4239:
3321:
2831:
2825:
2693:
69:
5113:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
4756:
4712:
4434:
4145:
3820:
3790:
3548:
3107:
2931:
2771:
2613:
1409:
760:
597:
4937:
4645:
4592:
4500:
4458:
4422:
4376:
3991:
3640:
3582:
3231:
3225:
2913:
2813:
2608:
1169:
752:
675:
601:
570:
565:. The region's political structure was one of centralized control similar to the model used by the
562:
2273:
Miller, Guy Howard (May 1968). "Rebellion in Zion: The Overthrow of the Dominion of New England".
1056:, a peace that Andros had negotiated in 1677 while he was governor of New York. New York Governor
5154:
4986:
4861:
4829:
4810:
4476:
4370:
4079:
4023:
3399:
2956:
2397:
1004:
1000:
793:
514:
500:
459:
445:
4625:
4606:
4482:
4446:
4218:
4206:
4105:
3985:
3973:
3861:
3816:
3804:
3435:
3284:
3187:
2801:
2674:
2488:
1399:
1380:
1226:
1181:
1128:
1105:
911:
651:
643:
343:
183:
2664:
2369:
Steele, Ian K (March 1989). "Origins of Boston's Revolutionary Declaration of 18 April 1689".
1782:
788:
to govern the dominion, but Charles died in February 1685 before the commission was approved.
5164:
4770:
3925:
3702:
3684:
3493:
3424:
3131:
3065:
2980:
2478:
2084:
1202:
861:
698:
554:
5215:
5075:
4893:
4806:
4740:
4718:
4619:
4579:
4488:
4452:
4390:
4315:
4003:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3201:
3149:
3022:
2944:
2807:
2777:
2727:
2633:
1404:
1230:
1214:
1209:
the Lords of Trade decided to solve the issue by combining the two colonies. The resulting
996:
723:
715:
617:
585:
into Massachusetts, whose Puritan leaders had previously refused to allow it any foothold.
486:
472:
431:
417:
137:
2115:
The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century
8:
4554:
4357:
4264:
4212:
4099:
4087:
4067:
4055:
3967:
3758:
3670:
3276:
3137:
3004:
2877:
2837:
2737:
2483:
2428:
Lord Churchill's coup: the Anglo-American empire and the Glorious Revolution reconsidered
1124:
1097:
1061:
825:
789:
778:
694:
633:
581:
had vacated the throne in England. One notable change was the forced introduction of the
578:
285:
171:
133:
61:
2409:
2295:
2201:
2074:
1327:
The Attorney General was an appointed executive officer of the Dominion of New England:
4800:
4782:
4722:
4613:
4339:
4301:
4277:
4258:
4149:
3696:
3622:
3588:
3487:
3467:
3393:
3300:
3213:
2783:
2765:
2669:
2628:
2492:
2386:
2357:
2349:
2286:
1491:
1464:
1456:
1350:
1156:
1132:
1101:
848:
727:
687:
655:
637:
613:
323:
2586:
2502:
5160:
4746:
4364:
4329:
4061:
3949:
3897:
3891:
3875:
3714:
3708:
3658:
3628:
3558:
3268:
3010:
2895:
2747:
2716:
2534:
2529:
2415:
2361:
2320:
2301:
2261:
2251:
2234:
2224:
2207:
2188:
2178:
2171:
2158:
2144:
2134:
2102:
2092:
1788:
1302:
1222:
1012:
1008:
980:
764:
647:
582:
566:
255:
1468:
1011:
from New York City. Nicholson was an army captain and protΓ©gΓ© of colonial secretary
5117:
5050:
5042:
5034:
4962:
4873:
4841:
4728:
4528:
4440:
4225:
3751:
3744:
3646:
3531:
3476:
3040:
3016:
2950:
2925:
2883:
2742:
2550:
2378:
2341:
2282:
2126:
1446:
1438:
1151:
1045:
1041:
894:
872:
711:
3362:
5203:
5070:
4847:
4776:
4567:
4506:
4345:
4029:
3931:
3634:
3237:
3155:
3113:
3077:
2919:
2901:
2889:
2795:
2752:
2732:
2618:
2592:
2560:
2314:
1185:
1165:
1115:
756:
703:
690:, such as Maryland and Carolina, owned and operated by one or a few individuals.
671:
667:
605:
558:
5191:
4955:
4943:
4788:
4404:
4333:
4322:
4111:
4073:
3979:
3943:
3937:
3903:
3441:
3364:
3195:
3169:
2865:
1147:
1053:
890:
747:
589:
2353:
2130:
2121:
Dunn, Randy (2007). "Patronage and Governance in Francis Nicholson's Empire".
5225:
4996:
4816:
3997:
3881:
3119:
2871:
2852:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2524:
2265:
2148:
1365:
1283:
1111:
1077:
1037:
877:
829:
801:
797:
593:
574:
227:
215:
2419:
2411:
New Hampshire Without Provincial Government, 1689β1690: an Historical Sketch
2305:
2238:
2192:
869:
inconvenience of travel and the fact that travel costs were not reimbursed.
549:(1686β1689) was an administrative union of English colonies covering all of
5026:
4734:
4295:
4289:
4270:
4035:
3770:
3677:
3616:
3610:
3143:
2998:
2992:
2324:
2211:
1085:
965:
964:
Andros' commission included Connecticut, and he asked Connecticut Governor
843:
The Lords of Trade decided on September 9, 1686 to include the colonies of
730:
between 1652 and 1682, which the English government considered treasonous.
683:
147:
5198:
2433:
2106:
1451:
1138:
746:
Following the revocation of the Massachusetts charter, Charles II and the
5143:
4639:
4540:
4351:
3955:
3855:
3570:
3564:
3083:
2968:
2962:
2643:
2638:
2519:
1442:
1264:
1017:
976:
970:
928:
785:
774:
625:
621:
550:
2316:
History of New England: History of New England During the Stuart Dynasty
1495:
1460:
1064:, which resulted in an easing of tensions on the northwestern frontier.
4416:
4397:
4140:
3919:
3538:
3455:
3207:
3163:
1510:
The Roots of American Civilization: A History of American Colonial Life
1198:
1029:
941:
2390:
987:
Connecticut, completing the assimilation of the New England colonies.
973:) so that a search of nearby buildings could not locate the document.
5062:
3915:
3664:
3448:
3071:
1218:
952:
Andros attempted to compel the certification of ownership by issuing
2685:
4990:
4905:
4184:
4136:
3885:
3812:
3798:
3794:
3764:
3552:
2907:
2382:
2345:
2117:( The Oxford History of the British Empire, (1998) vol 1 pp 445β66.
1049:
1213:
combined the territories of Massachusetts and Plymouth along with
1146:
The Massachusetts agents then petitioned the new monarchs and the
4899:
4232:
4192:
3785:
3542:
3501:
2173:
The Last American Puritan: The Life of Increase Mather, 1639β1723
1068:
682:. The governments of the colonies also varied. Virginia became a
636:
in England reached Boston in 1689, and the Puritans launched the
187:
4909:
4284:
4049:
3827:
3429:
3054:
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
2248:
The Imperial Executive in America: Sir Edmund Andros, 1637β1714
2089:
The Dominion of New England: A Study in British Colonial Policy
122:
1052:
confederation, to which the Seneca belonged, and to break the
931:, which guaranteed taxation by representatives of the people.
4410:
4132:
3604:
629:
2297:
Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
1269:
Governor in Chief (designate) of the Dominion of New England
1044:. His objective was to disrupt trade between the English at
3961:
1034:
Jacques-RenΓ© de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville
670:, while others were founded for religious reasons, such as
2113:
Dunn, Richard S. "The Glorious Revolution and America" in
990:
1780:
646:
in New York deposed the dominion's lieutenant governor
2164:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
1787:. North American Book Distributors, LLC. p. 170.
1091:
5175:
5015:
4148:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
1067:
On New England's northeastern frontier, however, the
2851:
Other British colonial entities in the contemporary
588:
The Dominion encompassed a very large area from the
1484:
Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
2170:
2157:
1784:Connecticut: A Guide to Its Roads, Lore and People
1176:rule by Massachusetts Governor Simon Bradstreet.
610:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
16:English regional government in America, 1686β1689
5223:
2402:American Colonies: the Settling of North America
1670:American Colonies: The Settling of North America
1481:
1307:Governor in Chief of the Dominion of New England
640:against Andros, arresting him and his officers.
3035:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
1110:The religious leaders of Massachusetts, led by
5242:States and territories disestablished in 1689
4675:
3348:
2701:
2449:
2223:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
1191:
92:Nowhere does liberty appear in a greater form
5257:1686 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
5110:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
5093:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4971:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2463:
5237:States and territories established in 1686
4682:
4668:
3355:
3341:
2708:
2694:
2456:
2442:
99:
5272:Pre-statehood history of New York (state)
2160:Edward Randolph and the American Colonies
1450:
4154:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
2331:
2250:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
2125:. Montreal: McGill-Queens Press: 59β80.
1137:
975:
934:
871:
854:
824:
816:
773:
2312:
2218:
2199:
1655:
1653:
1490:. Massachusetts Historical Society: 5.
1288:President of the Council of New England
1142:Engraving depicting Andros under arrest
5224:
5139:Historical flags of the British Empire
5123:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
2407:
2368:
2272:
2245:
2083:
1074:Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin
959:
714:had sheltered two of the regicides of
5014:
4926:
4663:
4172:
3844:
3519:
3412:
3336:
3261:Discourse Concerning Western Planting
2715:
2689:
2437:
2293:
2079:. Boston, MA: Atlantic Monthly Press.
2072:
1428:
991:Inclusion of New York and the Jerseys
291:Colonial history of the United States
5247:English colonization of the Americas
3090:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2414:. Cambridge, MA: J. Wilson and Son.
2155:
2120:
1650:
1127:took over, and James was deposed by
921:
883:
281:British colonization of the Americas
5277:Pre-statehood history of New Jersey
4950:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3793:. British Cameroons is now part of
2168:
1322:
1092:Glorious Revolution and dissolution
1023:
13:
3809:unilaterally declared independence
3504:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
2659:
2501:
2287:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1968.tb00328.x
2221:The Glorious Revolution in America
2066:
1551:
547:Dominion of New England in America
14:
5293:
5016:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
4995:Occupied by Argentina during the
4927:
4173:
3293:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
2774:(1629β1641; 1679β1686; 1689β1776)
2430:(Syracuse University Press, 1998)
1236:
5282:Former colonies in North America
5262:Colonial United States (British)
5252:History of the Thirteen Colonies
5209:
5197:
5185:
5159:
5150:
5149:
4562:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3317:
3316:
3096:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
2203:The Public Life of Joseph Dudley
2169:Hall, Michael Garibaldi (1988).
2156:Hall, Michael Garibaldi (1960).
1781:Federal Writers Project (1940).
741:
658:eventually issued new charters.
519:
505:
491:
477:
452:
438:
424:
410:
68:
54:
2408:Tuttle, Charles Wesley (1880).
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1662:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
900:
769:Washington County, Rhode Island
767:, and the Narraganset Country (
5058:Australian Antarctic Territory
3914:since 1965 (before as part of
3911:British Indian Ocean Territory
3797:, while Tanganyika is part of
3428:since 1960 (before as part of
1560:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1502:
1475:
1422:
784:Charles II had chosen Colonel
722:authorized Boston silversmith
596:in the north, composed of the
87:Nunquam libertas gratior extat
1:
2935:
2206:. New York: Longmans, Green.
2177:. Wesleyan University Press.
2073:Adams, James Truslow (1921).
1415:
1275:Appointment withdrawn in 1685
1211:Province of Massachusetts Bay
661:
3369:British Overseas Territories
3041:Province of British Columbia
2300:. Boston, MA: C. D. Strong.
2294:Moore, Jacob Bailey (1851).
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1277:
1271:
1268:
557:, with the exception of the
7:
5085:British Antarctic Territory
4795:Western Pacific Territories
4689:
2123:English Atlantics Revisited
2076:The Founding of New England
1393:
1355:July 26, 1686 β April 1687
1036:launched an attack against
720:Massachusetts General Court
10:
5298:
4823:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
4240:British Arctic Territories
3520:
3413:
3220:Brandenburger Saint Thomas
3029:Colony of British Columbia
2334:Journal of British Studies
1192:Massachusetts and Plymouth
1095:
5134:
5103:
5063:Commonwealth of Australia
5021:
5010:
4981:
4933:
4922:
4888:
4695:
4659:
4465:Newfoundland and Labrador
4179:
4168:
4146:League of Nations mandate
4127:
3851:
3840:
3821:Lancaster House Agreement
3791:League of Nations mandate
3780:
3526:
3515:
3419:
3408:
3375:
3312:
3256:
3247:
3190:, 1682β1763 and 1801β1803
3108:Captaincy General of Cuba
3061:
3050:
2932:New England Confederation
2861:
2847:
2761:
2723:
2652:
2601:
2579:
2543:
2512:
2499:
2471:
2319:. Boston: Little, Brown.
2246:Lustig, Mary Lou (2002).
2200:Kimball, Everett (1911).
2131:10.1515/9780773560406-006
1431:The New England Quarterly
1410:New England Confederation
1379:
1370:April 1687 β August 1687
1364:
1349:
1335:
1120:Declaration of Indulgence
761:Province of New Hampshire
628:, and a small portion of
598:Province of New Hampshire
535:
389:
381:
377:
360:
340:
320:
303:
299:
273:
265:
261:
249:
245:
237:
233:
221:
209:
205:
197:
193:
177:
165:
161:
153:
143:
128:
118:
110:
98:
82:
50:
30:
23:
4593:Turks and Caicos Islands
3900:(protectorate) 1907β1949
3845:
3472:(integrated into the UK)
3102:Santa Fe de Nuevo MΓ©xico
2914:Massachusetts Bay Colony
2660:Creation of the dominion
2426:Webb, Stephen Saunders.
1915:Hall (1988), pp. 210β211
1897:Hall (1988), pp. 207β210
1385:August 1687 β June 1689
753:Massachusetts Bay Colony
676:Massachusetts Bay Colony
602:Massachusetts Bay Colony
571:Viceroyalty of New Spain
563:Province of Pennsylvania
329:April 18, 1689
132:English, Dutch, French,
5232:Dominion of New England
4876:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
4701:18th and 19th centuries
4517:Queen Charlotte Islands
4477:North-Western Territory
4449:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
4052:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
3717:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
3400:Commonwealth of Nations
3232:Scottish Darien Company
3176:Hospitaller Saint Croix
2975:Dominion of New England
2957:North-Western Territory
2465:Dominion of New England
2219:Lovejoy, David (1987).
515:Province of West Jersey
501:Province of East Jersey
460:Province of West Jersey
446:Province of East Jersey
25:Dominion of New England
5267:History of New England
4626:West Indies Federation
3815:) and continued as an
3398:Current member of the
3285:Of Plymouth Plantation
3007:(1779β1783; 1814β1815)
2916:(1629β1686; 1689β1691)
2892:(1620β1686; 1689β1691)
2804:(1664β1673; 1702β1776)
2506:
2404:, Penguin Books, 2001.
2313:Palfrey, John (1864).
2085:Barnes, Viola Florence
1400:History of New England
1225:that had been part of
1143:
983:
880:
862:The Reverend John Wise
832:
781:
652:William III of England
362:β’ Disestablished
349:May 31, 1689
269:Council of New England
4548:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3819:state until the 1979
3425:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3066:Columbian Viceroyalty
2505:
2479:Charles II of England
2371:New England Quarterly
1141:
979:
935:Land titles and taxes
875:
855:Andros administration
828:
817:Dudley administration
777:
555:Mid-Atlantic Colonies
129:Common languages
5076:Realm of New Zealand
5074:(transferred to the
5061:(transferred to the
4894:Realm of New Zealand
4495:Prince Edward Island
4373:1671β1816, 1833β1960
3202:Dutch Virgin Islands
3150:Spanish West Florida
3144:Spanish East Florida
3023:Stickeen Territories
2728:New England Colonies
2665:Charter Oak incident
2602:Assimilated colonies
2587:New England Puritans
2041:Lovejoy, pp. 355β357
2032:Lovejoy, pp. 326β338
2023:Lovejoy, pp. 255β256
1843:Lovejoy, pp. 212β213
1807:Palfrey, pp. 545β546
1443:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00396
1405:New England Colonies
1256:Date office assumed
1231:Province of New York
1040:villages in western
794:Monmouth's Rebellion
688:proprietary colonies
618:Province of New York
487:Province of New York
473:New England Colonies
432:Province of New York
418:New England Colonies
5107:Since 2009 part of
4999:of AprilβJune 1982.
4586:Trinidad and Tobago
4200:Antigua and Barbuda
4100:Straits Settlements
3138:Provincias Internas
3114:Spanish Saint Croix
2738:Chesapeake Colonies
2675:Leisler's Rebellion
2520:Colonel Percy Kirke
2484:James II of England
1942:Barnes, pp. 234β235
1924:Hall (1988), p. 217
1906:Hall (1988), p. 210
1888:Lustig, pp. 177β179
1771:Barnes, pp. 199β201
1762:Barnes, pp. 189β193
1753:Barnes, p. 182, 187
1508:Curtis P. Nettels,
1253:Date of commission
1182:Leisler's Rebellion
1125:Glorious Revolution
1106:Leisler's Rebellion
1098:Glorious Revolution
1062:Louis XIV of France
960:Connecticut charter
695:English Restoration
680:Rhode Island Colony
644:Leisler's Rebellion
634:Glorious Revolution
620:, the provinces of
305:β’ Established
286:Glorious Revolution
238:Lieutenant Governor
4259:Cape Breton Island
4150:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3992:Unfederated States
3807:Southern Rhodesia
3394:Commonwealth realm
3301:Quintipartite Deed
3214:Danish West Indies
3182:French Saint Croix
2670:1689 Boston revolt
2507:
2493:Mary II of England
2050:Kimball, pp. 61β63
1351:Benjamin Bullivant
1297:December 20, 1686
1203:King William's War
1144:
1102:1689 Boston revolt
984:
954:writs of intrusion
881:
833:
782:
638:1689 Boston revolt
614:Connecticut Colony
5173:
5172:
5130:
5129:
5006:
5005:
4938:Providence Island
4918:
4917:
4883:
4882:
4751:Western Australia
4719:Van Diemen's Land
4655:
4654:
4632:Associated States
4330:Columbia District
4164:
4163:
4018:Manila and Cavite
3836:
3835:
3715:Southern Rhodesia
3709:South-West Africa
3659:Northern Rhodesia
3571:Cape of Good Hope
3511:
3510:
3388:Current territory
3330:
3329:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3269:Mayflower Compact
3265:
3250:Related Documents
3132:Spanish Louisiana
3011:Columbia District
2934:(1643β1654; 1675β
2820:Massachusetts Bay
2748:Southern Colonies
2717:Thirteen Colonies
2683:
2682:
2609:Massachusetts Bay
2571:Sir William Phips
2535:Francis Nicholson
2530:Sir Edmund Andros
2257:978-0-8386-3936-8
2230:978-0-8195-6177-0
2184:978-0-8195-5128-3
2140:978-0-7735-3219-9
2098:978-0-8044-1065-6
1638:Barnes, pp. 62β63
1566:Barnes, pp. 50,54
1530:Barnes, pp. 47β48
1391:
1390:
1336:Attorney General
1320:
1319:
1313:December 20, 1686
1303:Sir Edmund Andros
1223:Elizabeth Islands
1215:Martha's Vineyard
1013:William Blathwayt
1009:Francis Nicholson
995:The provinces of
981:Francis Nicholson
922:Town meeting laws
884:Church of England
765:Province of Maine
648:Francis Nicholson
583:Church of England
543:
542:
531:
530:
527:
526:
465:
464:
256:Francis Nicholson
251:β’ 1688β1689
223:β’ 1686β1689
179:β’ 1688β1689
167:β’ 1686β1688
5289:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5202:
5201:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5181:
5163:
5153:
5152:
5118:Antarctic Treaty
5079:
5066:
5051:Falkland Islands
5043:Tristan da Cunha
5035:Ascension Island
5012:
5011:
4963:Falkland Islands
4924:
4923:
4892:Now part of the
4764:Pitcairn Islands
4729:Auckland Islands
4698:
4697:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4646:Windward Islands
4600:Vancouver Island
4377:MassachusettsBay
4246:British Columbia
4170:
4169:
3986:Federated States
3842:
3841:
3752:Tristan da Cunha
3721:Southern Nigeria
3653:Northern Nigeria
3532:Ascension Island
3517:
3516:
3473:
3410:
3409:
3384:Former territory
3381:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3320:
3319:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3277:Mourt's Relation
3271:
3263:
3188:French Louisiana
3017:Red River Colony
2940:
2937:
2884:Berkeley Hundred
2743:Tobacco Colonies
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2551:Simon Bradstreet
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2394:
2365:
2328:
2309:
2290:
2269:
2242:
2215:
2196:
2176:
2165:
2163:
2152:
2110:
2080:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1996:Tuttle, pp. 1β12
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1486:. Third Series.
1479:
1473:
1472:
1454:
1426:
1330:
1329:
1323:Attorney General
1259:Date term ended
1244:
1243:
1157:revolt in Boston
1152:Simon Bradstreet
1024:Indian diplomacy
712:New Haven Colony
592:in the south to
567:Spanish monarchy
523:
522:
509:
508:
495:
494:
481:
480:
469:
468:
456:
455:
442:
441:
428:
427:
414:
413:
407:
406:
391:
390:
373:
371:
356:
354:
336:
334:
316:
314:
103:
72:
58:
46:
44:
38:
36:
21:
20:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5126:
5099:
5073:
5071:Ross Dependency
5060:
5017:
5002:
4977:
4929:
4914:
4884:
4879:
4835:
4830:Solomon Islands
4777:North Australia
4757:South Australia
4713:New South Wales
4691:
4688:
4651:
4371:Leeward Islands
4175:
4160:
4123:
4030:Muscat and Oman
3847:
3832:
3776:
3522:
3507:
3471:
3415:
3404:
3379:
3371:
3361:
3331:
3326:
3308:
3252:
3243:
3238:Russian America
3156:Alta California
3126:Las Californias
3078:Spanish Florida
3057:
3046:
2938:
2857:
2843:
2757:
2753:United Colonies
2733:Middle Colonies
2719:
2714:
2684:
2679:
2648:
2597:
2593:Navigation Acts
2575:
2561:Increase Mather
2539:
2508:
2497:
2467:
2462:
2258:
2231:
2185:
2141:
2099:
2069:
2067:Further reading
2064:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:Lovejoy, p. 252
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:Palfrey, p. 596
1986:
1982:
1978:Lovejoy, p. 241
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:Lovejoy, p. 211
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:Palfrey, p. 548
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:Lovejoy, p. 184
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1480:
1476:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1396:
1325:
1316:April 18, 1689
1291:October 8, 1685
1278:Not applicable
1239:
1194:
1186:Henry Sloughter
1166:Thomas Hinckley
1116:Increase Mather
1108:
1096:Main articles:
1094:
1026:
1018:manorial rights
993:
962:
937:
924:
903:
886:
857:
819:
810:Edward Randolph
757:Plymouth Colony
744:
704:Navigation Acts
672:Plymouth Colony
668:Virginia Colony
664:
606:Plymouth Colony
559:Delaware Colony
520:
506:
492:
478:
453:
439:
425:
411:
369:
367:
363:
352:
350:
346:
344:New York revolt
332:
330:
326:
312:
310:
306:
295:
252:
224:
212:
180:
168:
106:
90:
78:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
59:
42:
40:
34:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5295:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5219:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5114:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5068:
5055:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4944:Willoughbyland
4941:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4896:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4845:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4760:
4754:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4716:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4607:Virgin Islands
4603:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4574:South Carolina
4571:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4471:North Carolina
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4405:Mosquito Coast
4402:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4368:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4334:Oregon Country
4327:
4323:Cayman Islands
4319:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4281:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4243:
4237:
4229:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4143:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4112:Trucial States
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3805:Self-governing
3802:
3788:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3577:Central Africa
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3546:
3536:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3465:
3462:Ionian Islands
3459:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3365:British Empire
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3196:New Netherland
3193:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3170:French Florida
3161:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2981:Indian Reserve
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2832:South Carolina
2829:
2826:North Carolina
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2513:Administrators
2510:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2405:
2395:
2383:10.2307/366211
2366:
2354:10.1086/515441
2346:10.1086/515441
2340:(3): 481β508.
2329:
2310:
2291:
2281:(3): 439β459.
2270:
2256:
2243:
2229:
2216:
2197:
2183:
2166:
2153:
2139:
2118:
2111:
2097:
2081:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:Barnes, p. 257
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2014:Lustig, p. 199
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1951:Barnes, p. 238
1944:
1935:
1933:Barnes, p. 234
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1879:Lustig, p. 176
1872:
1870:Lustig, p. 174
1863:
1861:Lustig, p. 173
1854:
1852:Lustig, p. 171
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1793:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1744:Barnes, p. 176
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1690:Lustig, p. 165
1683:
1681:Lustig, p. 164
1674:
1661:
1659:Lustig, p. 141
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1512:(1938) p. 297.
1501:
1474:
1452:2286/R.I.26592
1437:(3): 490β525.
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1238:
1237:Administrators
1235:
1193:
1190:
1148:Lords of Trade
1093:
1090:
1054:Covenant Chain
1025:
1022:
992:
989:
961:
958:
936:
933:
923:
920:
902:
899:
891:Samuel Willard
885:
882:
856:
853:
818:
815:
748:Lords of Trade
743:
740:
697:in 1660, King
693:Following the
663:
660:
590:Delaware River
541:
540:
537:
533:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
517:
511:
510:
503:
497:
496:
489:
483:
482:
475:
466:
463:
462:
457:
449:
448:
443:
435:
434:
429:
421:
420:
415:
403:
402:
397:
387:
386:
385:Pound sterling
383:
379:
378:
375:
374:
364:
361:
358:
357:
347:
341:
338:
337:
327:
321:
318:
317:
307:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
277:
275:
274:Historical era
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
222:
219:
218:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:Royal Governor
195:
194:
191:
190:
181:
178:
175:
174:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
114:Colonial union
112:
108:
107:
104:
96:
95:
80:
79:
74:
67:
66:
60:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5294:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5217:
5216:North America
5207:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5013:
5009:
4998:
4997:Falklands War
4994:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4928:South America
4925:
4921:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:Union Islands
4815:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4673:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4529:Rupert's Land
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4489:Paulet affair
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4435:New Hampshire
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4423:New Brunswick
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:North America
4171:
4167:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:South Vietnam
4092:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3323:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:Spanish Texas
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2951:Rupert's Land
2949:
2946:
2943:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2853:United States
2850:
2849:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:New Hampshire
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:New Hampshire
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Cotton Mather
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Jacob Leisler
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Joseph Dudley
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1969:Steele, p. 78
1966:
1960:Steele, p. 77
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1796:
1794:9781878592439
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1735:Taylor, p 277
1732:
1726:Barnes, p. 97
1723:
1714:
1708:Barnes, p. 85
1705:
1699:Barnes, p. 84
1696:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1668:Alan Taylor,
1665:
1656:
1654:
1647:Barnes, p. 68
1644:
1635:
1629:Barnes, p. 61
1626:
1620:Barnes, p. 59
1617:
1611:Barnes, p. 58
1608:
1602:Barnes, p. 56
1599:
1593:Barnes, p. 55
1590:
1584:Barnes, p. 53
1581:
1575:Barnes, p. 51
1572:
1563:
1557:Barnes, p. 50
1554:
1548:Barnes, p. 49
1545:
1539:Barnes, p. 48
1536:
1527:
1521:Barnes, p. 45
1518:
1511:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Giles Masters
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1285:
1284:Joseph Dudley
1282:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:Walter Clarke
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1078:Penobscot Bay
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:Thomas Dongan
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
988:
982:
978:
974:
972:
967:
957:
955:
950:
946:
943:
932:
930:
919:
915:
913:
907:
898:
896:
895:King's Chapel
892:
879:
878:Edmund Andros
874:
870:
866:
863:
852:
850:
846:
841:
837:
831:
830:Joseph Dudley
827:
823:
814:
811:
805:
803:
802:Edmund Andros
799:
798:Joseph Dudley
795:
791:
790:King James II
787:
780:
779:King James II
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
742:Establishment
739:
735:
731:
729:
728:local coinage
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
705:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Penobscot Bay
591:
586:
584:
580:
579:King James II
576:
575:Edmund Andros
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
539:United States
538:
536:Today part of
534:
518:
516:
513:
512:
504:
502:
499:
498:
490:
488:
485:
484:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
461:
458:
451:
450:
447:
444:
437:
436:
433:
430:
423:
422:
419:
416:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
365:
359:
348:
345:
339:
328:
325:
324:Boston revolt
319:
308:
302:
298:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
254:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
228:Edmund Andros
226:
220:
217:
216:Joseph Dudley
214:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
176:
173:
170:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
102:
97:
93:
88:
85:
81:
71:
63:
57:
49:
29:
22:
19:
5108:
5091:
5083:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5027:Saint Helena
5025:
4969:
4961:
4811:Cook Islands
4762:
4735:New Hebrides
4704:20th century
4620:West Florida
4605:
4591:
4523:Rhode Island
4501:Pennsylvania
4459:Newfoundland
4428:
4396:
4321:
4271:East Florida
4242:16th c.β1880
4231:
4183:
4080:Crown Colony
4068:Pulo Condore
4042:Crown Colony
4036:North Borneo
3909:
3868:Protectorate
3817:unrecognised
3811:in 1965 (as
3750:
3703:South Africa
3691:Sierra Leone
3678:Saint Helena
3676:
3671:Orange River
3549:Bechuanaland
3530:
3488:Protectorate
3447:
3423:
3387:
3367:and Current
3249:
3226:Krabbeninsel
2999:West Florida
2993:East Florida
2974:
2814:Pennsylvania
2790:Rhode Island
2624:Rhode Island
2464:
2427:
2410:
2401:
2398:Taylor, Alan
2377:(1): 75β81.
2374:
2370:
2337:
2333:
2315:
2296:
2278:
2274:
2247:
2220:
2202:
2172:
2159:
2122:
2114:
2088:
2075:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1381:James Graham
1326:
1310:June 3, 1686
1294:May 25, 1686
1240:
1227:Dukes County
1207:
1195:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1145:
1109:
1086:Fort Andross
1082:
1066:
1027:
994:
985:
966:Robert Treat
963:
953:
951:
947:
938:
925:
916:
908:
904:
901:Revenue laws
887:
867:
858:
845:Rhode Island
842:
838:
834:
820:
806:
783:
745:
736:
732:
708:
692:
684:crown colony
665:
642:
587:
546:
544:
400:Succeeded by
399:
394:
211:β’ 1686
148:Crown colony
91:
86:
84:Motto:
83:
18:
5144:Anglosphere
4862:New Zealand
4771:New Zealand
4640:West Jersey
4555:Saint Lucia
4541:Saint Kitts
4535:Saint Croix
4515:1763β1791*
4483:Nova Scotia
4429:New England
4385:, 1691β1776
4352:East Jersey
4340:Connecticut
4219:Bay Islands
4106:Transjordan
4024:Mesopotamia
3862:Afghanistan
3856:Aden Colony
3641:Niger Coast
3607:) 1874β1957
3583:East Africa
3565:Cape Colony
3555:) 1884β1966
3545:) 1868β1966
3288:(1630β1651)
3240:(1799β1867)
3228:(1689β1693)
3222:(1685β1754)
3216:(1672β1917)
3210:(1638β1655)
3204:(1625β1672)
3198:(1614β1667)
3184:, 1665β1733
3178:, 1651β1665
3172:, 1562β1565
3168:1534β1763;
3158:, 1804β1821
3152:, 1783β1821
3146:, 1783β1821
3140:, 1776β1821
3134:, 1769β1801
3128:, 1767β1804
3122:, 1690β1821
3116:, 1650β1651
3110:, 1607β1801
3104:, 1598β1821
3098:, 1580β1898
3092:, 1565β1898
3086:, 1565β1821
3084:New Navarre
3080:, 1565β1763
3076:1521β1821;
3068:(1492β1535)
3043:(1871β1903)
3037:(1866β1871)
3031:(1863β1866)
3025:(1862β1863)
3019:(1811β1818)
3013:(1810β1846)
3005:New Ireland
3001:(1763β1783)
2995:(1763β1783)
2989:(1763β1783)
2983:(1763β1783)
2977:(1686β1689)
2971:(1674β1702)
2969:West Jersey
2965:(1674β1702)
2963:East Jersey
2959:(1670β1870)
2953:(1670β1811)
2947:(1663β1712)
2939: 1680
2928:(1638β1664)
2922:(1635β1644)
2910:(1629β1663)
2904:(1625β1650)
2902:Saint Croix
2898:(1622β1658)
2880:(1607β1699)
2874:(1607β1608)
2868:(1585β1590)
2840:(1732β1776)
2834:(1712β1776)
2828:(1712β1776)
2822:(1691β1776)
2816:(1681β1776)
2810:(1664β1776)
2798:(1664β1776)
2792:(1636β1776)
2786:(1636β1776)
2784:Connecticut
2780:(1632β1776)
2768:(1607β1776)
2644:West Jersey
2639:East Jersey
2629:Connecticut
2489:William III
1825:Dunn, p. 64
1672:(2001) p277
1265:Percy Kirke
1129:William III
1005:West Jersey
1001:East Jersey
971:Charter Oak
929:Magna Carta
897:was built.
849:Connecticut
786:Percy Kirke
726:to produce
626:West Jersey
622:East Jersey
551:New England
395:Preceded by
266:Legislature
184:William III
5226:Categories
5096:since 1908
5088:since 1908
5054:since 1833
5046:since 1816
5038:since 1815
5030:since 1658
4987:department
4974:since 1908
4966:since 1833
4767:since 1838
4747:Swan River
4741:Queensland
4628:1958β1962
4610:since 1666
4596:since 1799
4447:New Jersey
4417:New Albion
4401:since 1632
4398:Montserrat
4379:1629β1691
4326:since 1670
4248:1858β1866
4236:since 1619
4188:since 1650
4141:Bangladesh
4076:1841β1946
4038:1882β1963
4004:Federation
3982:1819β1826
3920:Seychelles
3864:1839β1842
3755:since 1816
3739:Tanganyika
3697:Somaliland
3685:Seychelles
3681:since 1658
3601:Gold Coast
3595:The Gambia
3539:Basutoland
3535:since 1815
3477:Free State
3470:1542β1800
3456:Heligoland
3452:since 1713
3208:New Sweden
3164:New France
2802:New Jersey
2580:Background
1416:References
1221:, and the
1199:New France
1030:New France
942:quit-rents
699:Charles II
662:Background
654:and Queen
569:under the
353:1689-05-31
333:1689-04-18
144:Government
138:Algonquian
5080:1841β1947
5067:1841β1933
4958:1831β1966
4952:1670β1688
4946:1651β1667
4940:1631β1641
4870:1914β1962
4864:1907β1947
4857:1901β1942
4855:Australia
4850:1900β1974
4844:1900β1970
4832:1893β1978
4825:1892β1979
4819:1889β1948
4813:1888β1901
4807:Rarotonga
4803:1884β1902
4797:1877β1976
4791:1874β1970
4785:1851β1901
4779:1846β1847
4773:1841β1907
4759:1836β1901
4753:1829β1901
4743:1824β1901
4737:1824β1980
4731:1807β1863
4725:1803β1901
4715:1788β1901
4648:1833β1960
4642:1674β1702
4634:1967β1983
4622:1763β1783
4616:1607β1776
4602:1849β1866
4588:1889β1962
4582:1862β1863
4576:1712β1776
4570:1635β1644
4564:1627β1979
4557:1605β1979
4550:1882β1983
4543:1623β1983
4537:1625β1650
4531:1670β1870
4525:1636β1776
4519:1853β1863
4509:1620β1691
4503:1681β1776
4497:1763β1873
4485:1713β1867
4479:1859β1870
4473:1712β1776
4467:1583β1907
4461:1907β1949
4455:1664β1776
4443:1637β1662
4441:New Haven
4437:1680β1776
4431:1686β1689
4425:1784β1867
4413:1628β1983
4407:1655β1860
4393:1632β1776
4367:1655β1962
4360:1733β1776
4354:1674β1702
4348:1701β1776
4342:1636β1776
4336:1818β1846
4318:1663β1712
4310:1867β1931
4304:1841β1867
4298:1791β1841
4292:1791β1841
4280:1762β1974
4273:1763β1783
4267:1763β1978
4261:1754β1820
4252:1866β1871
4228:1871β1981
4221:1643β1860
4215:1624β1966
4209:1670β1973
4202:1860β1981
4195:1632β1860
4120:1898β1930
4114:1892β1971
4108:1921β1946
4102:1826β1946
4096:1945β1946
4090:1946β1963
4088:Singapore
4082:1946β1963
4070:1702β1705
4064:1786β1946
4058:1923β1948
4056:Palestine
4044:1946β1963
4032:1891β1971
4026:1920β1932
4020:1762β1764
4014:1796β1965
4006:1948β1957
4000:1946β1948
3994:1885β1946
3988:1895β1946
3976:1848β1946
3970:1918β1961
3964:1811β1816
3958:1858β1947
3952:1841β1997
3950:Hong Kong
3946:1878β1960
3940:1795β1948
3934:1888β1984
3928:1824β1948
3916:Mauritius
3906:1874β1963
3894:1757β1947
3888:1812β1824
3878:1685β1824
3876:Bencoolen
3870:1879β1919
3858:1839β1967
3773:1887β1897
3767:1890β1963
3761:1890β1962
3747:1900β1910
3745:Transvaal
3741:1922β1961
3735:1899β1956
3729:1893β1968
3727:Swaziland
3723:1900β1914
3711:1915β1931
3705:1910β1931
3699:1884β1960
3693:1792β1961
3687:1903β1976
3673:1900β1910
3667:1891β1964
3665:Nyasaland
3661:1924β1964
3655:1900β1914
3649:1914β1960
3643:1884β1900
3637:1856β1910
3631:1810β1968
3629:Mauritius
3625:1807β1808
3619:1862β1906
3613:1920β1963
3597:1816β1965
3591:1882β1922
3585:1895β1920
3579:1891β1907
3573:1806β1910
3567:1795β1803
3561:1919β1961
3559:Cameroons
3496:1813β1964
3490:1800β1813
3479:1921β1931
3464:1809β1864
3458:1807β1890
3449:Gibraltar
3444:1878β1960
3438:1794β1796
3392:*Current
3072:New Spain
2926:New Haven
2878:Jamestown
2544:Opponents
2362:145163326
2275:Historian
2266:470360764
2149:429487739
1219:Nantucket
1032:Governor
1028:In 1687,
724:John Hull
716:Charles I
134:Iroquoian
94:(English)
5204:Monarchy
5155:Category
4991:Colombia
4906:Kiribati
4783:Victoria
4723:Tasmania
4614:Virginia
4580:Stickeen
4568:Saybrook
4507:Plymouth
4453:New York
4391:Maryland
4383:Province
4346:Delaware
4316:Carolina
4308:Dominion
4302:Province
4265:Dominica
4213:Barbados
4185:Anguilla
4156:disputed
4137:Pakistan
4012:Maldives
3886:Billiton
3813:Rhodesia
3799:Tanzania
3795:Cameroon
3771:Zululand
3765:Zanzibar
3553:Botswana
3322:Category
2945:Carolina
2920:Saybrook
2908:Carolana
2890:Plymouth
2808:New York
2796:Delaware
2778:Maryland
2766:Virginia
2634:New York
2619:Plymouth
2472:Monarchs
2420:12783351
2306:11362972
2239:14212813
2193:16578800
2087:(1923).
1496:25080845
1469:57571000
1461:43285101
1394:See also
1174:de facto
1050:Iroquois
1048:and the
1042:New York
997:New York
561:and the
553:and the
382:Currency
172:James II
89:(Latin)
5192:England
5178:Portals
5146:culture
4900:Vanuatu
4690:Oceania
4365:Jamaica
4358:Georgia
4278:Grenada
4233:Bermuda
4207:Bahamas
4193:Antigua
4074:Sarawak
3786:Namibia
3647:Nigeria
3623:Madeira
3543:Lesotho
3502:Minorca
3468:Ireland
3436:Corsica
3363:Former
2866:Roanoke
2838:Georgia
2325:1658888
2212:1876620
1229:in the
1133:Mary II
1069:Abenaki
912:Ipswich
656:Mary II
368: (
351: (
342:β’
331: (
322:β’
311: (
188:Mary II
154:Monarch
119:Capital
41: (
33: (
5165:Portal
4985:Now a
4956:Guiana
4910:Tuvalu
4513:Quebec
4285:Canada
4226:Belize
4118:Weihai
4062:Penang
4050:Padang
3980:Malaya
3974:Labuan
3968:Kuwait
3944:Cyprus
3938:Ceylon
3932:Brunei
3904:Borneo
3898:Bhutan
3892:Bengal
3828:Zambia
3759:Uganda
3521:Africa
3494:Colony
3484:Malta
3442:Cyprus
3430:Cyprus
3414:Europe
3380:Legend
3304:(1676)
3296:(1638)
3280:(1622)
3272:(1620)
3264:(1584)
3234:(1698)
2987:Quebec
2886:(1619)
2872:Popham
2653:Events
2418:
2391:366211
2389:
2360:
2352:
2323:
2304:
2264:
2254:
2237:
2227:
2210:
2191:
2181:
2147:
2137:
2107:395292
2105:
2095:
1791:
1494:
1467:
1459:
1342:Notes
1250:Title
1112:Cotton
1104:, and
1046:Albany
1038:Seneca
1003:, and
763:, the
759:, the
755:, the
241:
201:
186:&
157:
123:Boston
111:Status
4908:and *
4874:Nauru
4868:Samoa
4842:Tonga
4801:Papua
4411:Nevis
4296:Upper
4290:Lower
4133:India
3998:Union
3956:India
3926:Burma
3882:Banka
3733:Sudan
3635:Natal
3617:Lagos
3611:Kenya
3605:Ghana
3589:Egypt
2896:Maine
2387:JSTOR
2358:S2CID
2350:JSTOR
1492:JSTOR
1465:S2CID
1457:JSTOR
1339:Term
1247:Name
630:Maine
39:β1689
4904:Now
4898:Now
4848:Niue
4789:Fiji
4491:1843
4419:1579
4139:and
4131:Now
3962:Java
3918:and
3884:and
3846:Asia
3826:Now
3784:Now
2591:The
2491:and
2416:OCLC
2321:OCLC
2302:OCLC
2262:OCLC
2252:ISBN
2235:OCLC
2225:ISBN
2208:OCLC
2189:OCLC
2179:ISBN
2145:OCLC
2135:ISBN
2103:OCLC
2093:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1333:No.
1272:1684
1131:and
1114:and
876:Sir
847:and
678:and
624:and
545:The
370:1689
366:1689
313:1686
309:1686
75:Seal
62:Flag
43:1689
35:1686
31:1686
4989:of
2379:doi
2342:doi
2283:doi
2127:doi
1447:hdl
1439:doi
1076:on
771:).
5228::
4135:,
2936:c.
2400:,
2385:.
2375:62
2373:.
2356:.
2348:.
2338:46
2336:.
2279:30
2277:.
2260:.
2233:.
2187:.
2143:.
2133:.
2101:.
2091:.
1652:^
1488:91
1463:.
1455:.
1445:.
1435:87
1433:.
1377:3
1362:2
1347:1
1233:.
1217:,
1135:.
1100:,
999:,
804:.
674:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
136:,
5180::
5120:.
5078:)
5065:)
4860:*
4853:*
4828:*
4809:/
4749:/
4721:/
4683:e
4676:t
4669:v
4560:*
4553:*
4546:*
4363:*
4332:/
4283:*
4276:*
4224:*
4205:*
4198:*
4191:*
3922:)
3801:.
3603:(
3551:(
3541:(
3432:)
3356:e
3349:t
3342:v
2941:)
2709:e
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2695:v
2457:e
2450:t
2443:v
2422:.
2393:.
2381::
2364:.
2344::
2327:.
2308:.
2289:.
2285::
2268:.
2241:.
2214:.
2195:.
2151:.
2129::
2109:.
1797:.
1498:.
1471:.
1449::
1441::
372:)
355:)
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45:)
37:)
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