53:
42:
31:
68:
560:
496:. Raising the temperature makes it easier for magnesium to shed its hydration shell, and dolomite can be precipitated from seawater at temperatures in excess of 60 °C (140 °F). Protodolomite also rapidly converts to dolomite at temperatures of 250 °C (482 °F) or higher. The high temperatures necessary for the formation of dolomite helps explain the rarity of Cenozoic dolomites, since Cenozoic seawater temperatures seldom exceeded 40 °C.
492:
ion to shed its hydration shell and bind to a growing crystal. It is also more difficult to nucleate a seed crystal of ordered dolomite than disordered high-magnesium calcite. As a result, attempts to precipitate dolomite from seawater precipitate high-magnesium calcite instead. This substance, which has an excess of calcium over magnesium and lacks calcium-magnesium ordering, is sometimes called
152:. The "dolomite problem" refers to the vast worldwide depositions of dolomite in the past geologic record in contrast to the limited amounts of dolomite formed in modern times. Recent research has revealed sulfate-reducing bacteria living in anoxic conditions precipitate dolomite which indicates that some past dolomite deposits may be due to microbial activity.
302:. This texture contrasts with limestone, which is usually a mixture of grains, micrite (very fine-grained carbonate mud) and sparry cement. The optical properties of calcite and mineral dolomite are difficult to distinguish, but calcite almost never crystallizes as regular rhombs, and calcite is stained by
325:
The texture of dolomite often shows that it is secondary, formed by replacement of calcium by magnesium in limestone. The preservation of the original limestone texture can range from almost perfectly preserved to completely destroyed. Under a microscope, dolomite rhombs are sometimes seen to replace
128:
rock beds (beds less than about 66 million years in age). One of the first geologists to distinguish dolomite from limestone was DĂ©odat Gratet de
Dolomieu; a French mineralogist and geologist whom it is named after. He recognized and described the distinct characteristics of dolomite in the late 18th
521:
inhibits dolomite nucleation. Later laboratory experiments suggest bacteria can precipitate dolomite independently of the sulfate concentration. With time other pathways of interaction between microbial activity and dolomite formation have been added to the discord regarding their role in modulation
463:
Regardless of the mechanism of dolomitization, the tendency of carbonate rock to be either almost all calcite or almost all dolomite suggests that, once the process is started, it completes rapidly. The process likely occurs at shallow depths of burial, under 100 meters (330 ft), where there is
405:
contains sufficient dissolved magnesium to cause dolomitization. However, because of the very slow rate of diffusion of ions in solid mineral grains at ordinary temperatures, the process can occur only by simultaneous dissolution of calcite and crystallization of dolomite. This in turn requires that
491:
when dissolved in water. In other words, the magnesium ion is surrounded by a clump of water molecules that are strongly attracted to its positive charge. Calcium is a larger ion and this reduces the strength of binding of its hydration shell, so it is much easier for a calcium ion than a magnesium
475:
Dolomite is supersaturated in normal seawater by a factor of greater than ten, but dolomite is not seen to precipitate in the oceans. Likewise, geologists have not been successful at precipitating dolomite from seawater at normal temperatures and pressures in laboratory experiments. This is likely
261:
of magnesium to calcium. It is distinct from high-magnesium limestone in that the magnesium and calcium form ordered layers within the individual dolomite mineral grains, rather than being arranged at random, as they are in high-magnesium calcite grains. In natural dolomite, magnesium is typically
330:
or skeletal particles of the original limestone. There is sometimes selective replacement of fossils, with the fossil remaining mostly calcite and the surrounding matrix composed of dolomite grains. Sometimes dolomite rhombs are seen cut across the fossil outline. However, some dolomite shows no
278:
is dropped on it. This distinguishes dolomite from limestone, which is also soft but reacts vigorously with dilute hydrochloric acid. Dolomite usually weathers to a characteristic dull yellow-brown color due to the presence of ferrous iron. This is released and oxidized as the dolomite weathers.
650:
etc., can also form in caves within dolomite rock. âDolomite is a common rock type, but a relatively uncommon mineral in speleothemsâ. Both the 'Union
Internationale de Spéléologie' (UIS) and the American 'National Speleological Society' (NSS), extensively use in their publications, the terms
464:
an inexhaustible supply of magnesium-rich seawater and the original limestone is more likely to be porous. On the other hand, dolomitization can proceed rapidly at the greater temperatures characterizing deeper burial, if a mechanism exists to flush magnesium-bearing fluids through the beds.
368:, the process remains poorly understood. There are also fine-grained dolomites showing no textural indications that they formed by replacement, and it is uncertain whether they formed by replacement of limestone that left no textural traces or are true primary dolomites. This
452:
has been attributed to this process. However, this model has been heavily criticized, with one 2004 review paper describing it bluntly as "a myth". A 2021 paper argued that the mixing zone serves as domain of intense microbial activity which promotes dolomitization.
1657:
Li, Weiqiang; Bialik, Or M.; Wang, Xiaomin; Yang, Tao; Hu, Zhongya; Huang, Qingyu; Zhao, Shugao; Waldmann, Nicolas D. (April 2019). "Effects of early diagenesis on Mg isotopes in dolomite: The roles of Mn(IV)-reduction and recrystallization".
959:
Petrash, Daniel A.; Bialik, Or M.; Bontognali, Tomaso R.R.; Vasconcelos, CrisĂłgono; Roberts, Jennifer A.; McKenzie, Judith A.; Konhauser, Kurt O. (August 2017). "Microbially catalyzed dolomite formation: From near-surface to burial".
703:, coralloids, powder, spar and rafts. Although there are reports of dolomite speleothems known to exist in a number of caves around the world, they are usually in relatively small quantities and form in very fine-grained deposits.
534:
within the porewater. Meanwhile, a contrary view held by other researchers is that microorganisms precipitate only high-magnesium calcite but leave open the question of whether this can lead to precipitation of dolomite.
413:, with the limestone often interbedded with the dolomite. According to this model, dolomitization takes place in a closed basin where seawater is subject to high rates of evaporation. This results in precipitation of
1519:
SĂĄnchez-RomĂĄn, MĂłnica; McKenzie, Judith A.; de Luca
Rebello Wagener, Angela; Rivadeneyra, Maria A.; Vasconcelos, CrisĂłgono (July 2009). "Presence of sulfate does not inhibit low-temperature dolomite precipitation".
1472:
266:
typically substitutes for magnesium, particularly in more ancient dolomites. Carbonate rock tends to be either almost all calcite or almost all dolomite, with intermediate compositions being quite uncommon.
818:"Dolomite: the mineral that shouldn't exist - Scientists have never been able to make dolomite in the way the mineral forms naturally. Theories have come and gone, but the mystery of its origins remains"
1557:
Zhang, F.; Xu, H.; Konishi, H.; Shelobolina, E. S.; Roden, E. E. (1 April 2012). "Polysaccharide-catalyzed nucleation and growth of disordered dolomite: A potential precursor of sedimentary dolomite".
456:
A third model postulates that normal seawater is the dolomitizing fluid, and the necessary large volumes are flushed through the dolomitizing limestone through tidal pumping. Dolomite formation at
364:
Many dolomites show clear textural indications that they are secondary dolomites, formed by replacement of limestone. However, although much research has gone into understanding this process of
1356:
Petrash, Daniel A.; Bialik, Or M.; Staudigel, Philip T.; Konhauser, Kurt O.; Budd, David A. (August 2021). "Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwaterâseawater mixingâzone diagenetic model".
995:
Mckenzie, Judith A.; Vasconcelos, Crisogono (January 2009). "Dolomite
Mountains and the origin of the dolomite rock of which they mainly consist: historical developments and new perspectives".
467:
Mineral dolomite has a 12% to 13% smaller volume than calcite per alkali cation. Thus dolomitization likely increases porosity and contributes to the sugary texture of dolomite.
353:
with limestone. There is no consistent trend in its abundance with age, but most dolomite appears to have formed at high stands of sea level. Little dolomite is found in
460:, Florida, may be an example of this process. A similar process might occur during rises in sea level, as large volumes of water move through limestone platform rock.
444:
mixes with seawater already present in the pore space, increasing the chemical activity of magnesium relative to calcium and causing dolomitization. The formation of
409:
The hypersaline model (also known as the evaporative reflux model) is based on the observation that dolomite is very commonly found in association with limestone and
406:
large volumes of magnesium-bearing fluids are flushed through the pore space in the dolomitizing limestone. Several processes have been proposed for dolomitization.
274:
by their softness (mineral dolomite has a Mohs hardness of 4 or less, well below common silicate minerals) and because dolomite bubbles feebly when a drop of dilute
905:; Bernasconi, Stefano; Grujic, Djordje; Tiens, Albert J. (1995). "Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures".
551:, and dedolomitization is thought to occur at very shallow depths through infiltration of surface water with a very high ratio of calcium to magnesium.
421:, raising the magnesium to calcium ratio of the remaining brine. The brine is also dense, so it sinks into the pore space of any underlying limestone (
298:, with considerable pore space. As a result, subsurface dolomite is generally more porous than subsurface limestone and makes up 80% of carbonate rock
429:
of North
America has been put forward as an example of an environment in which this process took place. A variant of this model has been proposed for
1929:"By-product materials related to H2S-H2SO4-influenced speleogenesis of Carlsbad, Lechuguilla, and other caves of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico"
322:
dolomite. The latter likely forms by recrystallization of existing dolomite at elevated temperature (over 50 to 100 °C (122 to 212 °F)).
52:
357:
beds (beds less than 65 million years old), which has been a time of generally low sea levels. Times of high sea level also tend to be times of a
262:
between 44 and 50 percent of total magnesium plus calcium, indicating some substitution of calcium into the magnesium layers. A small amount of
2785:
499:
It is possible that microorganisms are capable of precipitating primary dolomite. This was first demonstrated in samples collected at
1816:
345:
Dolomite is widespread in its occurrences, though not as common as limestone. It is typically found in association with limestone or
547:
of mineral dolomite that have been replaced with calcite. Dedolomitized limestone is typically associated with gypsum or oxidized
1910:
White W.B and Culver D.C., (2005) Chapter "Caves, Definitions of", Encyclopedia of Caves, edited by Culver D.C and White W.B.,
1602:
Daye, Mirna; Higgins, John; Bosak, Tanja (1 June 2019). "Formation of ordered dolomite in anaerobic photosynthetic biofilms".
433:
environments in which brine is sucked up into the dolomitizing limestone by evaporation of capillary fluids, a process called
196:
refers to both the calcium-magnesium carbonate mineral and to sedimentary rock formed predominantly of this mineral. The term
41:
543:
Dolomitization can sometimes be reversed, and a dolomite bed converted back to limestone. This is indicated by a texture of
2057:
1522:
902:
599:. It cannot substitute for limestone in chemical processes that require a high-calcium limestone, such as manufacture of
1060:
1849:
2014:
1992:
1967:
1915:
1899:
1861:
778:
741:
692:
306:
while dolomite grains are not. Dolomite rock consisting of well-formed grains with planar surfaces is described as
208:
was first applied to the rock during the late 18th century and thus has technical precedence. The use of the term
1660:
1110:
1085:
1894:
Hill, C A and Forti, P, (1997). Cave
Minerals of the World, Second editions. pp 14, 142, 143, 144 & 150,
426:
217:
1703:
Vandeginste, Veerle; Snell, Oliver; Hall, Matthew R.; Steer, Elisabeth; Vandeginste, Arne (December 2019).
757:
Chilingar, George V.; Bissell, Harold J.; Wolf, Karl H. (1967). "Chapter 5 Diagenesis of
Carbonate Rocks".
651:"dolomite" or "dolomite rock" when referring to the natural bedrock containing a high percentage of CaMg(CO
186:
30:
1764:"Mineralogy, nucleation and growth of dolomite in the laboratory and sedimentary environment: A review"
1468:"Oxygen isotope composition of the Phanerozoic ocean and a possible solution to the dolomite problem"
508:
17:
314:
dolomite, while dolomite consisting of poorly-formed grains with irregular surfaces is described as
3054:
695:
form of calcite. Speleothem types known to have a dolomite constituent include: coatings, crusts,
3059:
2110:
2090:
2050:
624:
2535:
576:
2500:
1709:
1559:
843:"The dolomite problem; control of precipitation kinetics by temperature and saturation state"
579:; in agriculture to neutralize soil acidity and supply calcium and magnesium; as a source of
1535:
1718:
1669:
1613:
1568:
1531:
1322:
1004:
969:
914:
854:
608:
258:
2030:
627:
by weak carbonic acid. Caves can also, less commonly, form through dissolution of rock by
200:
was introduced in 1948 to avoid confusion between the two. However, the usage of the term
67:
8:
1313:
Machel, Hans G. (2004). "Concepts and models of dolomitization: a critical reappraisal".
596:
299:
1722:
1673:
1617:
1572:
1326:
1008:
973:
918:
858:
361:, and it is possible that greenhouse conditions are the trigger for dolomite formation.
2331:
2043:
1785:
1739:
1704:
1685:
1639:
1584:
1518:
1496:
1467:
1373:
1338:
1020:
938:
880:
817:
588:
254:
105:
46:
1762:
Gregg, Jay M.; Bish, David L.; Kaczmarek, Stephen E.; Machel, Hans G. (October 2015).
770:
687:. Hence, the most common speleothem (secondary deposit) in caves within dolomite rock
623:, natural caves and solution tubes typically form in dolomite rock as a result of the
2286:
2010:
1988:
1963:
1928:
1911:
1895:
1857:
1789:
1744:
1689:
1643:
1604:
1588:
1501:
1377:
1342:
1106:
1081:
1056:
1024:
1016:
930:
872:
774:
737:
632:
477:
398:
280:
275:
981:
884:
2983:
2695:
2482:
2351:
1775:
1734:
1726:
1677:
1629:
1621:
1576:
1539:
1491:
1481:
1365:
1330:
1080:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 160â161.
1012:
977:
942:
922:
862:
766:
600:
358:
247:
95:
1334:
1055:(5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 189.
27:
Sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite
2795:
2408:
667:
Both calcium and magnesium go into solution when dolomite rock is dissolved. The
584:
523:
488:
2988:
2830:
2423:
2346:
2002:
1730:
1543:
1473:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
684:
607:, and is used as a magnesium supplement. It is also used in the manufacture of
580:
500:
441:
340:
303:
250:
145:
133:
98:
1681:
559:
3048:
3033:
2948:
2913:
2760:
2321:
2226:
934:
876:
628:
513:
487:
The magnesium ion is a relatively small ion, and it acquires a tightly bound
457:
372:
was first recognized over two centuries ago but is still not fully resolved.
160:
137:
1486:
2958:
2938:
2810:
2457:
2435:
2376:
2276:
2221:
2206:
2072:
1748:
1505:
295:
291:
263:
1163:
1161:
867:
842:
794:
575:
Dolomite is used for many of the same purposes as limestone, including as
2847:
2738:
2718:
2708:
2635:
2585:
2510:
2356:
2291:
2261:
2216:
2174:
2147:
2142:
2132:
2095:
1634:
1580:
544:
518:
445:
350:
167:
1105:(2d ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. pp. 510â511.
425:), flushing out the existing pore fluid and causing dolomitization. The
174:) over time. Dolomite rock can act as an oil and natural gas reservoir.
3013:
2998:
2973:
2968:
2878:
2863:
2780:
2748:
2713:
2703:
2685:
2665:
2610:
2590:
2545:
2467:
2452:
2428:
2388:
2361:
2341:
2311:
2271:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2211:
2120:
1796:
1447:
1396:
1265:
1202:
1158:
712:
668:
643:
639:
635:
604:
592:
481:
271:
183:
132:
Most dolomite was formed as a magnesium replacement of limestone or of
1780:
1763:
1369:
72:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2993:
2963:
2943:
2928:
2923:
2888:
2883:
2842:
2835:
2800:
2770:
2755:
2733:
2675:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2625:
2605:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2525:
2490:
2403:
2371:
2316:
2306:
2281:
2256:
2251:
2191:
2152:
2115:
1625:
926:
700:
676:
647:
527:
418:
410:
346:
331:
textural indications that it was formed by replacement of limestone.
235:
230:
121:
117:
56:
1962:
Encyclopedia of Caves, (2005). Edited by Culver D.C and White W.B.,
3003:
2978:
2903:
2873:
2868:
2790:
2775:
2743:
2723:
2620:
2595:
2472:
2447:
2440:
2418:
2413:
2366:
2301:
2186:
2137:
2127:
2085:
900:
696:
564:
402:
354:
125:
60:
35:
958:
795:"Dolomite. A sedimentary rock known as dolostone or dolomite rock"
603:. Dolomite is used for production of magnesium chemicals, such as
3023:
2953:
2918:
2893:
2825:
2660:
2600:
2540:
2505:
2398:
2326:
2241:
2201:
2169:
2164:
2080:
2035:
680:
672:
568:
449:
156:
141:
102:
294:
of dolomite usually show individual grains that are well-shaped
2933:
2908:
2805:
2765:
2728:
2630:
2495:
2393:
2383:
2336:
2296:
2266:
2196:
2181:
2159:
2105:
2100:
1355:
1051:
Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, J.P. Jr.; Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005).
548:
504:
430:
414:
327:
189:(1750â1801), who was one of the first to describe the mineral.
164:
2898:
2820:
2815:
2680:
2645:
2565:
2520:
2515:
1408:
1241:
688:
284:
171:
1425:
1423:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1180:
1178:
1176:
470:
163:
or be unbedded. It is less soluble than limestone in weakly
2670:
2615:
2530:
2462:
1148:
1146:
620:
531:
224:
1101:
Blatt, Harvey; Middleton, Gerard; Murray, Raymond (1980).
1037:
Saussure le fils, M. de (1792): "Analyse de la dolomite".
440:
Another model is the mixing-zone or Dorag model, in which
1705:"Acceleration of dolomitization by zinc in saline waters"
1702:
1556:
1420:
1277:
1173:
1131:
1119:
1761:
1435:
1384:
1294:
1253:
1143:
124:, though it is less abundant than limestone and rare in
1231:
1229:
659:
in which natural caves or solution tubes have formed.
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
182:
Dolomite takes its name from the 18th-century French
1904:
1856:. Vol. 38. John Wiley & Sons. p. 119.
1802:
1453:
1402:
1271:
1226:
1214:
1208:
1190:
1167:
1100:
1050:
841:
Arvidson, Rolf S.; Mackenzie, Fred T. (1999-04-01).
756:
257:. Dolomite is characterized by its nearly ideal 1:1
1958:
1956:
1954:
994:
279:Dolomite is usually granular in appearance, with a
238:-deficient dolomites or magnesium-rich limestones.
1877:
45:Erosion of dolomite over weaker shale created the
896:
894:
840:
3046:
1985:Petrology; Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
1951:
1656:
1601:
1512:
1315:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
591:in fertilizers and other products; as a flux in
1926:
891:
731:
170:, but it can still develop solution features (
116:. It occurs widely, often in association with
2051:
954:
952:
1927:Polyak, Victor J.; Provencio, Paula (2000).
1847:
1078:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
1044:
401:of about -2.2 kcal/mol. In theory, ordinary
129:century, differentiating it from limestone.
2001:
1306:
2058:
2044:
1982:
1429:
1414:
1288:
1247:
1184:
1137:
1125:
949:
691:, is calcium carbonate in the most stable
227:publications, dolomite was referred to as
140:. The geological process of conversion of
1854:Raw Materials for Refractories Conference
1824:Illinois State Geological Survey Circular
1779:
1738:
1633:
1495:
1485:
1466:Ryb, Uri; Eiler, John M. (11 June 2018).
866:
614:
471:The dolomite problem and primary dolomite
148:and any intermediate product is known as
1983:Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996).
1465:
558:
334:
270:Dolomite outcrops are recognized in the
66:
59:fossil preserved as an internal cast in
51:
40:
29:
732:Zenger, D. H.; Mazzullo, S. J. (1982).
662:
397:is thermodynamically favorable, with a
101:that contains a high percentage of the
14:
3047:
1312:
815:
787:
2039:
2009:. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
1814:
1441:
1390:
1300:
1259:
1235:
1220:
1196:
1152:
1075:
638:(secondary deposits) in the forms of
1850:"Refractory Dolomite Raw Materials"
1848:Clancy, T.A.; Benson, D.J. (2009).
1523:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
538:
204:is controversial, because the name
63:dolomite from southwestern Ohio, US
24:
2065:
1976:
1803:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
1454:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
1403:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
1272:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
1209:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
1168:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980
816:Fowles, Julian (25 October 1991).
517:), leading to the hypothesis that
253:composed of more than 50% mineral
25:
3071:
2024:
1933:Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
1817:"Uses of limestone and dolomite"
1017:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01027.x
1987:(2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman.
1920:
1841:
1808:
1755:
1696:
1661:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1650:
1595:
1550:
1459:
1349:
1094:
1069:
982:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.015
1031:
988:
834:
809:
750:
725:
241:
71:Erosion of dolomitic rocks in
34:Triassic dolomitic rocks from
13:
1:
1335:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.235.01.02
771:10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70844-6
759:Developments in Sedimentology
718:
218:American Geological Institute
2031:What is Dolomitic Limestone?
375:The dolomitization reaction
246:Dolomite rock is defined as
7:
1103:Origin of sedimentary rocks
847:American Journal of Science
706:
671:precipitation sequence is:
212:was not recommended by the
10:
3076:
1731:10.1038/s41467-019-09870-y
1544:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.003
563:Cutting dolomite in 1994.
338:
234:, a term now reserved for
2856:
2694:
2481:
2071:
1682:10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.029
509:sulfate-reducing bacteria
187:DĂ©odat Gratet de Dolomieu
155:Dolomite is resistant to
2005:; V. P., Wright (1990).
901:Vasconcelos, Crisogono;
144:to dolomite is known as
2111:Basaltic trachyandesite
2091:Alkali feldspar granite
2007:Carbonate Sedimentology
1536:2009E&PSL.285..131S
1487:10.1073/pnas.1719681115
1041:, vol. 40, pp. 161â173.
554:
177:
159:and can either contain
1430:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1415:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1289:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1248:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1185:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1138:Blatt & Tracy 1996
1126:Blatt & Tracy 1996
615:Caves in dolomite rock
577:construction aggregate
572:
484:crystals of dolomite.
290:Under the microscope,
76:
64:
49:
38:
2501:Banded iron formation
1710:Nature Communications
1560:American Mineralogist
962:Earth-Science Reviews
868:10.2475/ajs.299.4.257
562:
335:Occurrence and origin
283:resembling grains of
70:
55:
44:
33:
1815:Lamar, J.E. (1961).
1581:10.2138/am.2012.3979
663:Dolomite speleothems
609:refractory materials
507:in association with
300:petroleum reservoirs
259:stoichiometric ratio
1805:, pp. 531â532.
1723:2019NatCo..10.1851V
1674:2019GeCoA.250....1L
1618:2019Geo....47..509D
1573:2012AmMin..97..556Z
1456:, pp. 510â511.
1444:, pp. 182â183.
1417:, pp. 322â323.
1405:, pp. 517â518.
1393:, pp. 186â187.
1327:2004GSLSP.235....7M
1303:, pp. 185â186.
1274:, pp. 518â519.
1262:, pp. 187â188.
1250:, pp. 317â318.
1211:, pp. 512â513.
1170:, pp. 529â530.
1155:, pp. 167â168.
1076:Boggs, Sam (2006).
1053:Glossary of Geology
1039:Journal de Physique
1009:2009Sedim..56..205M
974:2017ESRv..171..558P
919:1995Natur.377..220V
903:McKenzie, Judith A.
859:1999AmJS..299..257A
736:. Hutchinson Ross.
597:glass manufacturing
476:due to a very high
435:evaporative pumping
214:Glossary of Geology
150:dolomitic limestone
2857:Specific varieties
619:As with limestone
573:
522:and generation of
448:dolomite reefs in
349:beds and is often
77:
65:
50:
47:Niagara Escarpment
39:
3042:
3041:
2287:Nepheline syenite
1781:10.1111/sed.12202
1480:(26): 6602â6607.
1370:10.1111/sed.12849
913:(6546): 220â222.
633:Calcium carbonate
478:activation energy
423:seepage refluxion
399:Gibbs free energy
276:hydrochloric acid
216:published by the
75:, HĂ©rault, France
16:(Redirected from
3067:
2984:Rapakivi granite
2696:Metamorphic rock
2483:Sedimentary rock
2352:Quartz monzonite
2060:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2020:
1998:
1970:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1774:(6): 1749â1769.
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1626:10.1130/G45821.1
1599:
1593:
1592:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1530:(1â2): 131â139.
1516:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1364:(5): 1797â1830.
1353:
1347:
1346:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1028:
992:
986:
985:
956:
947:
946:
927:10.1038/377220a0
898:
889:
888:
870:
838:
832:
831:
829:
828:
813:
807:
806:
804:
802:
791:
785:
784:
754:
748:
747:
729:
601:sodium carbonate
539:Dedolomitization
393:
384:+ Mg â CaMg(CO
370:dolomite problem
359:greenhouse Earth
21:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3055:Dolomite (rock)
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
2852:
2796:Pseudotachylite
2690:
2477:
2409:Tephriphonolite
2067:
2064:
2027:
2017:
1995:
1979:
1977:Further reading
1974:
1973:
1961:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1760:
1756:
1701:
1697:
1655:
1651:
1600:
1596:
1555:
1551:
1517:
1513:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1354:
1350:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1032:
993:
989:
957:
950:
899:
892:
839:
835:
826:
824:
814:
810:
800:
798:
793:
792:
788:
781:
755:
751:
744:
730:
726:
721:
709:
665:
658:
654:
617:
585:dimension stone
557:
541:
524:polysaccharides
489:hydration shell
473:
391:
387:
383:
379:
343:
337:
244:
180:
115:
111:
82:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3073:
3063:
3062:
3060:Dolomite group
3057:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:Rhomb porphyry
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2831:Talc carbonate
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2424:Trachyandesite
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:Quartz diorite
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:Types of rocks
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2025:External links
2023:
2022:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1950:
1919:
1903:
1876:
1862:
1840:
1807:
1795:
1754:
1695:
1649:
1612:(6): 509â512.
1594:
1567:(4): 556â567.
1549:
1511:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 323.
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1348:
1305:
1293:
1291:, p. 321.
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1238:, p. 182.
1225:
1223:, p. 169.
1213:
1201:
1199:, p. 168.
1189:
1187:, p. 319.
1172:
1157:
1142:
1140:, p. 295.
1130:
1128:, p. 318.
1118:
1111:
1093:
1086:
1068:
1062:978-0922152896
1061:
1043:
1030:
1003:(1): 205â219.
987:
948:
890:
853:(4): 257â288.
833:
808:
786:
779:
749:
742:
734:Dolomitization
723:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
708:
705:
685:hydromagnesite
675:, Mg-calcite,
664:
661:
656:
652:
616:
613:
581:carbon dioxide
556:
553:
540:
537:
501:Lagoa Vermelha
472:
469:
442:meteoric water
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
366:dolomitization
341:Dolomitization
336:
333:
304:Alizarin Red S
251:carbonate rock
243:
240:
179:
176:
146:dolomitization
113:
109:
99:carbonate rock
92:dolomitic rock
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3072:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Litchfieldite
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Hyaloclastite
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Litchfieldite
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Phonotephrite
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Hyaloclastite
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2016:0-632-01472-5
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:Tucker, M. E.
2000:
1996:
1994:0-7167-2438-3
1990:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1968:0-12-406061-7
1965:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1916:0-12-406061-7
1913:
1907:
1901:
1900:1-879961-07-5
1897:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1865:
1863:9780470320488
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:Sedimentology
1765:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1635:1721.1/126802
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:Sedimentology
1352:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:Sedimentology
991:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
955:
953:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
895:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
823:
822:New Scientist
819:
812:
797:. Geology.com
796:
790:
782:
780:9780444533449
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
753:
745:
743:0-87933-416-9
739:
735:
728:
724:
714:
711:
710:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
660:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
629:sulfuric acid
626:
622:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
570:
566:
561:
552:
550:
546:
536:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
515:
514:Desulfovibrio
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
494:protodolomite
490:
485:
483:
479:
468:
465:
461:
459:
458:Sugarloaf Key
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:Permian Basin
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
404:
400:
378:
377:
376:
373:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
342:
332:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:thin sections
288:
286:
282:
277:
273:
268:
265:
260:
256:
252:
249:
239:
237:
233:
232:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
185:
175:
173:
169:
166:
162:
161:bedded layers
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:lithification
135:
130:
127:
123:
119:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:dolomite rock
81:
74:
69:
62:
58:
54:
48:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2959:Luxullianite
2939:Lapis lazuli
2884:Blue Granite
2811:Serpentinite
2786:Metapsammite
2555:
2536:Conglomerate
2458:Trondhjemite
2436:Trachybasalt
2377:Pantellerite
2277:Monzogranite
2222:Hornblendite
2207:Granodiorite
2073:Igneous rock
2006:
1984:
1941:. Retrieved
1936:
1932:
1922:
1906:
1869:14 September
1867:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1833:15 September
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1823:
1810:
1798:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1714:
1708:
1698:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1477:
1471:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1296:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1133:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1000:
996:
990:
965:
961:
910:
906:
850:
846:
836:
825:. Retrieved
821:
811:
799:. Retrieved
789:
762:
758:
752:
733:
727:
666:
618:
574:
545:pseudomorphs
542:
512:
498:
493:
486:
474:
466:
462:
455:
439:
434:
422:
408:
396:
374:
369:
365:
363:
344:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
289:
269:
264:ferrous iron
245:
228:
222:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
191:
184:mineralogist
181:
154:
149:
131:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:
2848:Whiteschist
2739:Greenschist
2719:Cataclasite
2709:Amphibolite
2636:Phosphorite
2586:Itacolumite
2511:Calcarenite
2357:Quartzolite
2292:Nephelinite
2262:Lamprophyre
2217:Harzburgite
2175:Napoleonite
2148:Charnockite
2143:Carbonatite
2133:Blairmorite
2096:Anorthosite
1717:(1): 1851.
1321:(1): 7â63.
968:: 558â582.
644:stalagmites
640:stalactites
636:speleothems
625:dissolution
519:sulfate ion
446:Pleistocene
351:interbedded
248:sedimentary
242:Description
168:groundwater
136:mud before
96:sedimentary
3049:Categories
3014:Teschenite
2999:Shonkinite
2974:Pietersite
2969:Novaculite
2879:Borolanite
2864:Adamellite
2781:Metapelite
2749:Calcflinta
2714:Blueschist
2704:Anthracite
2686:Wackestone
2666:Travertine
2611:Lumachelle
2591:Jaspillite
2546:Diamictite
2468:Websterite
2453:Troctolite
2429:Benmoreite
2389:Shonkinite
2362:Rhyodacite
2342:Pyroxenite
2312:Peridotite
2272:Lherzolite
2247:Kimberlite
2237:Ignimbrite
2232:Icelandite
2212:Granophyre
2121:Shoshonite
1939:(1): 23â32
1442:Boggs 2006
1391:Boggs 2006
1301:Boggs 2006
1260:Boggs 2006
1236:Boggs 2006
1221:Boggs 2006
1197:Boggs 2006
1153:Boggs 2006
1112:0136427103
1087:0131547283
827:2021-05-31
719:References
713:Diagenesis
669:speleothem
605:Epsom salt
593:metallurgy
482:nucleating
411:evaporites
339:See also:
229:magnesian
122:evaporites
3029:Variolite
3019:Theralite
3009:Tachylite
2994:Rodingite
2964:Mangerite
2944:Larvikite
2929:Jasperoid
2924:Jadeitite
2889:Epidosite
2843:Tectonite
2836:Soapstone
2801:Quartzite
2771:Migmatite
2756:Itabirite
2734:Granulite
2676:Turbidite
2656:Sylvinite
2651:Siltstone
2641:Sandstone
2626:Oil shale
2606:Limestone
2581:Gritstone
2576:Greywacke
2571:Geyserite
2561:Evaporite
2551:Diatomite
2526:Claystone
2491:Argillite
2404:Tachylyte
2372:Comendite
2317:Phonolite
2307:Pegmatite
2282:Monzonite
2257:Lamproite
2252:Komatiite
2192:Foidolite
2153:Enderbite
2116:Mugearite
1790:130135125
1690:134838668
1644:146426700
1589:101903513
1378:234012426
1343:131159219
1025:128666364
935:1476-4687
877:0002-9599
701:flowstone
693:polymorph
677:aragonite
648:flowstone
595:; and in
528:manganese
419:aragonite
347:evaporite
320:xenotopic
316:nonplanar
312:idiotopic
236:magnesium
231:limestone
210:dolostone
202:dolostone
198:dolostone
192:The term
118:limestone
108:, CaMg(CO
88:dolostone
57:Trilobite
18:Dolostone
3004:Taconite
2979:Pyrolite
2904:Ganister
2874:Aphanite
2869:Appinite
2791:Phyllite
2776:Mylonite
2744:Hornfels
2724:Eclogite
2621:Mudstone
2596:Laterite
2556:Dolomite
2473:Wehrlite
2448:Trachyte
2441:Hawaiite
2419:Tonalite
2414:Tephrite
2367:Rhyolite
2332:Porphyry
2302:Obsidian
2187:Essexite
2138:Boninite
2128:Basanite
2086:Andesite
1749:31015437
1668:: 1â17.
1506:29891710
885:49341088
707:See also
697:moonmilk
565:Saaremaa
403:seawater
355:Cenozoic
255:dolomite
206:dolomite
194:dolomite
126:Cenozoic
106:dolomite
80:Dolomite
61:Silurian
36:Slovakia
3024:Unakite
2954:Llanite
2919:Ijolite
2894:Felsite
2826:Suevite
2661:Tillite
2601:Lignite
2541:Coquina
2506:Breccia
2399:Syenite
2327:Picrite
2242:Ijolite
2202:Granite
2170:Diorite
2165:Diabase
2081:Adakite
1943:4 April
1740:6478858
1719:Bibcode
1670:Bibcode
1614:Bibcode
1605:Geology
1569:Bibcode
1532:Bibcode
1497:6042145
1323:Bibcode
1005:Bibcode
970:Bibcode
943:4371495
915:Bibcode
855:Bibcode
801:20 June
765:: 314.
681:huntite
673:calcite
587:; as a
569:Estonia
450:Jamaica
328:oolites
281:texture
223:In old
157:erosion
142:calcite
103:mineral
94:) is a
73:MourĂšze
2934:Kenyte
2909:Gossan
2806:Schist
2766:Marble
2729:Gneiss
2631:Oolite
2496:Arkose
2394:Sovite
2384:Scoria
2337:Pumice
2297:Norite
2267:Latite
2197:Gabbro
2182:Dunite
2160:Dacite
2106:Basalt
2101:Aplite
2013:
1991:
1966:
1914:
1898:
1860:
1788:
1747:
1737:
1688:
1642:
1587:
1504:
1494:
1376:
1341:
1109:
1084:
1059:
1023:
941:
933:
907:Nature
883:
875:
777:
740:
589:filler
549:pyrite
505:Brazil
431:sabkha
415:gypsum
308:planar
296:rhombs
165:acidic
2899:Flint
2821:Slate
2816:Skarn
2681:Varve
2646:Shale
2566:Flint
2521:Chert
2516:Chalk
1820:(PDF)
1786:S2CID
1686:S2CID
1640:S2CID
1585:S2CID
1374:S2CID
1339:S2CID
1021:S2CID
939:S2CID
881:S2CID
689:karst
621:caves
583:; as
380:2CaCO
285:sugar
272:field
172:karst
2671:Tufa
2616:Marl
2531:Coal
2463:Tuff
2011:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1945:2020
1912:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1871:2021
1858:ISBN
1835:2021
1745:PMID
1502:PMID
1107:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1057:ISBN
931:ISSN
873:ISSN
803:2014
775:ISBN
738:ISBN
683:and
555:Uses
532:zinc
530:and
480:for
417:and
392:+ Ca
225:USGS
178:Name
134:lime
120:and
3034:Wad
1828:321
1776:doi
1735:PMC
1727:doi
1678:doi
1666:250
1630:hdl
1622:doi
1577:doi
1540:doi
1528:285
1492:PMC
1482:doi
1478:115
1366:doi
1331:doi
1319:235
1013:doi
978:doi
966:171
923:doi
911:377
863:doi
851:299
767:doi
318:or
310:or
90:or
3051::
1953:^
1937:63
1935:.
1931:.
1879:^
1852:.
1826:.
1822:.
1784:.
1772:62
1770:.
1766:.
1743:.
1733:.
1725:.
1715:10
1713:.
1707:.
1684:.
1676:.
1664:.
1638:.
1628:.
1620:.
1610:47
1608:.
1583:.
1575:.
1565:97
1563:.
1538:.
1526:.
1500:.
1490:.
1476:.
1470:.
1422:^
1372:.
1362:68
1360:.
1337:.
1329:.
1317:.
1279:^
1228:^
1175:^
1160:^
1145:^
1019:.
1011:.
1001:56
999:.
976:.
964:.
951:^
937:.
929:.
921:.
909:.
893:^
879:.
871:.
861:.
849:.
845:.
820:.
773:.
761:.
699:,
679:,
646:,
642:,
631:.
611:.
567:,
526:,
503:,
437:.
287:.
220:.
86:,
2059:e
2052:t
2045:v
2019:.
1997:.
1947:.
1873:.
1837:.
1792:.
1778::
1751:.
1729::
1721::
1692:.
1680::
1672::
1646:.
1632::
1624::
1616::
1591:.
1579::
1571::
1546:.
1542::
1534::
1508:.
1484::
1380:.
1368::
1345:.
1333::
1325::
1115:.
1090:.
1065:.
1027:.
1015::
1007::
984:.
980::
972::
945:.
925::
917::
887:.
865::
857::
830:.
805:.
783:.
769::
763:8
746:.
657:2
655:)
653:3
571:.
511:(
390:2
388:)
386:3
382:3
114:2
112:)
110:3
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
