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worker-workplace integration. As stated by Kilsby, limited structural factors can affect a multitude of factors in a job, such as a restricted number of hours an ID person is allowed to work. This in return, according to Fabian et al., leads to a lack of opportunity to develop relationships with coworkers or to better integrate within the workplace. Nevertheless, those who are unable to stabilize a job often are left discouraged. According to the same study conducted by JARID, many who had participated found that they had made smaller incomes when compared to their co-workers, had an excess of time throughout their days, because they did not have work. They also had feelings of hopelessness and failure. According to the U.S. National
Organization on Disability, not only do ID people face constant discouragement, but many live below the poverty line, because they are unable to find or stabilize employment and because of employee restricting factors placed on ID workers. This renders ID people unable to provide for themselves, including basic necessities such as food, medical care, transportation, and housing.
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feeling that they are weak, crazy, worthless or any number of other negative attributes that may be associated with their conditions. Internalization of oppression damages the self-esteem of the person affected and shapes their behaviors in ways that are compliant with dominance of those with no acknowledged disability. Ableist ideas are frequently internalized when disabled people are pressured by the people and institutions around them to hide and downplay their disabled difference, or, "pass". According to writer Simi Linton, the act of passing takes a deep emotional toll by causing disabled individuals to experience loss of community, anxiety and self-doubt. The media play a significant role in creating and reinforcing stigma associated with disability. Media portrayals of disability usually cast disabled presence as necessarily
1856:, the first human rights treaty of the 21st century, to protect and enhance the rights and opportunities of the world's estimated 650 million disabled people. As of January 2021, 182 nations have ratified or accepted accession to the convention. Countries that sign the convention are required to adopt national laws, and remove old ones, so that persons with disabilities will, for example, have equal rights to education, employment, and cultural life; to the right to own and inherit property; to not be discriminated against in marriage, etc.; and to not be unwilling subjects in medical experiments. UN officials, including the High Commissioner for Human Rights, have characterized the bill as representing a paradigm shift in attitudes toward a more rights-based view of disability in line with the social model.
2724:, there were an estimated 84.6 million Chinese individuals living with a disability in 2006. In a 2006 poll of 83,342 men and 78,137 women, the age groups with the highest reported rates of disability are 18–44-year-old males (22.5%) and 65–74-year-old females (22.8%), according to polls published in the journal that were representative of the country as a whole. In China, the percentage of people with disabilities varies substantially between urban and rural regions, with men and women having reported rates of 72.4% and 72.2%, respectively, in rural China, compared to reported rates of 27.6% and 27.8%, respectively, in urban China. Hearing and speech disabilities are the most commonly reported in China, with men being more affected than women at rates 39.6% and 36.2% among disabled people, respectively.
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disabilities under the requirements of legislation but that businesses actively seek, market to, welcome and fully engage disabled people in all aspects of business service activities. The model suggests that all business operations, for example, websites, policies, procedures, mission statements, emergency plans, programs, and services, should integrate access and inclusion practices. Furthermore, these access and inclusion practices should be based on established customer service access and inclusion standards that embrace and support the active engagement of people of all abilities in business offerings. In this regard, specialized products and specialized services become important, such as auxiliary means, prostheses, special foods, domestic help, and assisted living.
40:
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2712:, 14.6 million, or 22%, of the population in the UK, were reported to be disabled in 2020–2021. In the UK, there were 9% of children, 21% of working-age people, and 42% of persons over the state pension age who were disabled or impaired. Approximately 29% of White individuals, 27% of mixed-race people, 22% of Asian people, 21% of Black people, and 19% of people from other ethnic groups were reported as having impairments or disabilities, according to the Life Opportunities Survey, which surveyed 35,875 people in 2011. When compared to men, women are a little more likely than men to have a disability, with 31% of women reportedly having one as opposed to 26% of men, according to results of another survey taken the same year.
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2054:. Community-integrated employment opportunities are offered to ID people at minimum or higher wages, in a variety of occupations ranging from customer service, clerical, janitorial, hospitality and manufacturing positions. ID employees work alongside employees without disabilities who are able to assist them with training. All three options allow intellectually disabled people to develop and exercise social skills that are vital to everyday life. However, it is not guaranteed that ID employees receive the same treatment as employees without ID; according to Lindstrom et al., community-integrated employees are less likely to receive raises, and only 26% are able to retain full-time status.
2678:'s Morbidity and Mortality weekly report, one-fourth of people in the United States are reported to be disabled as of 2016. 10% of young adults were reported to have mental disabilities. The rates of mobility-related issues were highest among middle-aged people and elderly people, with 18.1% and 26.9%, respectively. In terms of race or ethnicity, Asians have the lowest reported rate of disability at around 10%, while Native Americans, the ethnic group with the highest reported incidence, are reported to have a disability rate at an estimated 30% of adults. African Americans had a higher reported disability rate of 25%, compared to 16% for white adults and 17% for Hispanic people.
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to gain experience before entering the workforce. Similarly, adult day care programs also include day time activities. However, these activities are based in an educational environment where ID people are able to engage in educational, physical, and communication-based tasks which helps facilitate communication, memory, and general living skills. In addition, adult day care programs arranged community activities by scheduling field trips to public places (e.g. zoos, and movie theaters). Despite both programs providing essential skills for intellectually disabled people prior to entering the workforce, researchers have found that ID people prefer to be involved with
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827:, disabled people were still able to play significant roles in the rural production based economy, allowing them to make genuine contributions to daily economic life. The Industrial Revolution and the advent of capitalism made it so that people were no longer tied to the land and were then forced to find work that would pay a wage in order to survive. The wage system, in combination with industrialized production, transformed the way bodies were viewed as people were increasingly valued for their ability to produce like machines. Capitalism and the industrial revolution effectively solidified this class of "disabled" people who could not conform to the standard
2534:" in which their membership to both of these marginalized categories simultaneously exacerbates the negative stereotypes associated with each as they are ascribed to them. However, according to the framework of intersectionality, gender and disability intersect to create a unique experience that is not simply the coincidence of being a woman and having a disability separately, but the unique experience of being a woman with a disability. It follows that the more marginalized groups one belongs to, their experience of privilege or oppression changes: in short, a black woman and a white woman will experience disability differently.
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870:, which has been expanding since the late twentieth century. The field investigates the past, present, and future constructions of disability, along with advancing the viewpoint that disability is a complex social identity from which we can all gain insight. As disabilities scholar Claire Mullaney puts it, "At its broadest, disability studies encourages scholars to value disability as a form of cultural difference". Scholars of the field focus on a range of disability-related topics, such as ethics, policy and legislation, history, art of the disability community, and more. Notable scholars from the field include
2077:
587:. The medical model serves as a theoretical framework that considers disability as an undesirable medical condition that requires specialized treatment. Those who ascribe to the medical model tend to focus on finding the root causes of disabilities, as well as any cures—such as assistive technology. The social model centers disability as a societally-created limitation on individuals who do not have the same ability as the majority of the population. Although the medical model and social model are the most common frames for disability, there are a multitude of other models that theorize disability.
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language being reclaimed by disabled people. Mairs (1986) explained how disabled people may choose to self-describe themselves as a 'cripple'. This may appear surprising that they are using stereotypically negative language associated with disability to describe themselves; however the purpose is to reclaim the 'disabled identity' from medical professionals, and realign it with the preferred language of disabled people. The reclamation of language demonstrated above positions itself within the social model, as it highlights how as a society we construct concepts and perceptions of disability.
1576:
666:, there were at least 11 permanent stone ramps that provided access to mobility-impaired visitors to nine different structures; evidence that people with disabilities were acknowledged and cared for, at least partly, in ancient Greece. In fact, the Ancient Greeks may not have viewed persons with disability all that differently from more able-bodied individuals as terms describing them in their records appear to be very vague. As long as the disabled person in question could still contribute to society, the Greeks appeared to tolerate them.
910:, distinguishes between body functions (physiological or psychological, such as vision) and body structures (anatomical parts, such as the eye and related structures). Impairment in bodily structure or function is defined as involving an anomaly, defect, loss or other significant deviation from certain generally accepted population standards, which may fluctuate over time. Activity is defined as the execution of a task or action. The ICF lists nine broad domains of functioning which can be affected:
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1920:
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multi-faceted identities of the individual is one often pointed out by disabled self-advocates. The ostracization of disability from mainstream society has created the opportunity for a disability culture to emerge. While disabled activists still promote the integration of disabled people into mainstream society, several disabled-only spaces have been created to foster a disability community—such as with art, social media, and sports.
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1544:(AHEAD) announced their decision to use identity-first language in their materials, explaining: "Identity-first language challenges negative connotations by claiming disability directly. Identity-first language references the variety that exists in how our bodies and brains work with a myriad of conditions that exist, and the role of inaccessible or oppressive systems, structures, or environments in making someone disabled."
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794:
798:
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everyday life, with a particular focus on economic empowerment. Based on US Census data, this model shows that there are 1.2 billion people in the world who consider themselves to have a disability. "This model states that due to the size of the demographic, companies and governments will serve the desires, pushed by demand as the message becomes prevalent in the cultural mainstream."
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average. 34.9% of the entire workforce was employed in jobs connected to disabilities. Families with disabilities made an average income of 41.53 million won, or 71.3% of total family earnings. According to the Korean 2020 Statistics on the
Disabled The majority of persons with disabilities needed help with "cleaning" and "using transportation", among other everyday tasks.
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appropriate education. The inaccessibility of appropriate education (at any stage), can lead to difficulties in finding employment, which often results in the vicious cycle of being 'bound' by one's experience as a poor and disabled person to remain in the same social structure and experience socio-economic exclusion. In short, this vicious cycle exacerbates the lack of
1872:. Some disability activists used the Year to highlight various injustices, such as in Australia where beauty pageants were targeted in order to, in the words of activist Leslie Hall, "challenge the notion of beauty" and "reject the charity ethic. The UN Decade of Disabled Persons (1983–1993) featured a World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons. In 1979,
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65 reported a disability rate of 38%, which is nearly twice as high. In Canada, women over 15 had a reported disability rate of 24.3%, compared to men's 20%. According to reports from the 2017 Canadian Survey of
Disability, South Asians over the age of 15 in Canada had the greatest proportion of disability at 4%, while Latin Americans had a lower rate at 1%.
2508:, notes the dual discrimination that racial minorities with disabilities experience from the criminal justice system, expressing that for "people who are negatively racialized, that is people who are perceived as being non-white, and for whom mental illness is either known or assumed, interaction with police is precarious and potentially dangerous."
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diminishes access to health care and other necessities for a healthy life. In societies without state funded health and social services, living with a disability could require spending on medication and frequent health care visits, in-home personal assistance, and adaptive devices and clothing, along with the usual costs of living. The
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ability to define health and physical and mental norms. When an individual has a feature that creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled. Under this idea, disability is not defined by the physical features of the body but by a deviance from the
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individual's adjustment and behavioral change that would lead to an "almost-cure" or effective cure. The individual, in this case, must overcome their disability by medical care. In the medical model, medical care is viewed as the main issue, and at the political level, the principal response is that of modifying or reforming
800:
1257:, point out the limits of the model and urge the need for a new model that will overcome the "medical vs. social" dichotomy. The limitations of this model mean that often the vital services and information persons with disabilities face are simply not available, often due to limited economic returns in supporting them.
1592:, and therefore does not have access to voting that requires paper ballots. Another example can be that a person in a wheelchair cannot ascend stairs and therefore does not have access to buildings without ramps. Accessible access to health clubs and fitness centers has been observed to be especially problematic.
2686:
22.3% of
Canadians over 15 are reported to have a disability, or 6,246,640 people, according to the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability Reports. In Canada, women and older people are more likely to be disabled than working-class men. In comparison to working-age persons between 25 and 65, seniors over
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through the use of the social model in opposition to the medical model; with the aim of shifting criticism away from their bodies and impairments and towards the social institutions that oppress them relative to their abled peers. Disability activism that demands many grievances be addressed, such as
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These representations, notes disability scholar Ria Cheyne, "are widely assumed to be inherently regressive", reducing people to their condition rather than viewing them as full people. Furthermore, supercrip portrayals are criticized for creating the unrealistic expectation that disability should be
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People-first language is one way to talk about disability which some people prefer. Using people-first language is said to put the person before the disability. Those individuals who prefer people-first language would prefer to be called, "a person with a disability". This style is reflected in major
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The creation of 'disability culture' stemmed from the shared experience of stigmatization in broader society. Embracing disability as a positive identity by becoming involved in disabled communities and participating in disability culture can be an effective way to combat internalized prejudice; and
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as an example of this, and depictions like this can reflect able-bodied society's mistrust of disabled people. In addition, this reveal of a character's nondisabledness often serves as the narrative climax of a story, and the use of disability as a source of conflict in the plot, narrative obstacle,
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Characters in fiction that bear physical or mental markers of difference from perceived societal norms are frequently positioned as villains within a text. Lindsey Row-Heyveld shares ways students should be taught to begin to further analyze this issue. Disabled people's visible differences from the
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The superpowered supercrip narrative which appears in functionalized representations of disabled characters. Characters of this narrative type gain superpowers due to their disability. Common examples of this narrative form in action are prosthetics limbs that make one more powerful than expected or
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of disability is minority rights and consumerist model of disability that recognizing disabled people and their stakeholders as representing a large group of consumers, employees, and voters. This model looks to personal identity to define disability and empowers people to chart their own destiny in
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indicated that minority disabled children are more likely to receive punitive discipline in low and middle income countries. Due to the fact that children with disabilities are mistreated more often than those without disability; racialized children in this category are at an even higher risk. With
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differentiates between a few kinds of disability intersections, such as the age-disability, race-disability, and gender-disability intersection. However, many more intersections exist. Disability is defined differently by each person; it may be visible or invisible, and multiple intersections often
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people to acquire skills needed in the workforce. Such programs include sheltered workshops and adult day care programs. Sheltered programs consist of daytime activities such as gardening, manufacturing, and assembling. These activities facilitate routine-oriented tasks that in turn allow ID people
705:
Contemporary concepts of disability are rooted in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century developments. Foremost among these was the development of clinical medical discourse, which made the human body visible as a thing to be manipulated, studied, and transformed. These worked in tandem with scientific
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of disabled people, there have been several activist causes that push for equitable treatment and access in society. Disability activists have fought to receive equal and equitable rights under the law—though there are still political issues that enable or advance the oppression of disabled people.
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is access to education, as we know that there are direct links between poverty and disability - often working in a vicious cycle. The costs of special education and caring for a disabled child are higher than for a child with no acknowledged disability, which poses an immense barrier in accessing
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Similar to the intersections of race and disability or gender and disability, a person's socio-economic background will also change their experience of disability. A disabled person with a low socio-economic status will experience the world differently, with more obstacles and fewer opportunities,
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Additionally, facing stigma can cause harm to the psycho-emotional well-being of the person being stigmatized. One of the ways in which the psycho-emotional health of persons with disabilities is adversely affected is through the internalization of the oppression they experience, which can lead to
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Anxiety about aging, for example, can be seen as a symptom of compulsory able-bodiedness/able-mindedness, as can attempts to "treat" children who are slightly shorter than average with growth hormones; in neither case are the people involved necessarily disabled, but they are certainly affected by
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Aging is invoked rhetorically – at times ominously – as a pressing reason why disability should be of crucial interest to all of us (we are all getting older, we will all be disabled eventually), thereby inadvertently reinforcing the damaging and dominant stereotype of aging as solely an
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has provided a traditional response to disability issues and can be seen as an offshoot of the medical model. Within its framework, professionals follow a process of identifying the impairment and its limitations (using the medical model), and taking the necessary action to improve the position of
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Although the authors do not expand on their analysis in depth, they do not need to: supercrip representations are widely assumed to be 'inherently regressive' (Schalk 75). To label a representation as deploying this stereotype is 'the ultimate scholarly insult', a form of critical dismissal which
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In South Korea, there were accounted to be 2.517 million people with disabilities in total, or roughly 5.0% of the population, in 2018. When compared to
Koreans without disabilities, people with disabilities spent an average of 56.5 days in medical facilities, which was 2.6 more than the national
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for disabled people with a low socio-economic background. On the other hand, a disabled person of a high socio-economic status, may have an easier time accessing appropriate (special) education or treatment - for example by having access to better aids, resources, or programmes that can help them
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According to The UN Woman Watch, "Persistence of certain cultural, legal and institutional barriers makes women and girls with disabilities the victims of two-fold discrimination: as women and as persons with disabilities." As
Rosemarie Garland-Thomson puts it, "Women with disabilities, even more
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Going out in public so often takes courage. How many of us find that we can't dredge up the strength to do it day after day, week after week, year after year, a lifetime of rejection and revulsion? It is not only physical limitations that restrict us to our homes and those whom we know. It is the
2113:
There is limited research knowledge, but many anecdotal reports, on what happens when disasters impact disabled people. Individuals with disabilities are greatly affected by disasters. Those with physical disabilities can be at risk when evacuating if assistance is not available. Individuals with
2017:
A study by researchers in
Denmark suggests that information on self-reported days of absence due to sickness can be used to effectively identify future potential groups for disability pension. These studies may provide useful information for policymakers, case managing authorities, employers, and
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in the mid-18th century, where horses carry different weights based on the umpire's estimation of what would make them run equally. In the early 20th century the word gained the additional meaning of describing a disability, in the sense that a person with a handicap was carrying a heavier burden
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is an alternative to and critical engagement with both the social and medical models. This analytic posed by Alison Kafer shows not only how the "problem" of disability "is located in inaccessible buildings, discriminatory attitudes, and ideological systems that attribute normalcy and deviance to
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With the rise of eugenics in the latter part of the nineteenth century, such deviations were viewed as dangerous to the health of entire populations. With disability viewed as part of a person's biological make-up and thus their genetic inheritance, scientists turned their attention to notions of
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to have a disability. A mental or behavioral issue was reported in over 25% of
Australians with disabilities. Male prevalence was 17.6 million, while female prevalence was somewhat higher at 17.8 million between the sexes. Age-wise, 11.6% of adults between 0 and 64 in Australia had a disability,
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Disability activism itself has led to the revision of appropriate language, when discussing disability and disabled people. For example, the medical classification of 'retarded' has since been disregarded, due to its negative implications. Moreover, disability activism has also led to pejorative
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in creation. According to the social model, equal access for someone with an impairment/disability is a human rights concern. The social model of disability has come under criticism. While recognizing the importance played by the social model in stressing the responsibility of society, scholars,
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Disability was not viewed as a means of divine punishment and therefore disabled individuals were neither exterminated nor discriminated against for their impairments. Many were instead employed in different levels of
Mesopotamian society including working in religious temples as servants of the
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There are many terms that explain aspects of disability. While some terms solely exist to describe phenomena pertaining to disability, others have been centered around stigmatizing and ostracizing those with disabilities. Some terms have such a negative connotation that they are considered to be
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refers to portrayals of persons with disabilities in which they are presented as being inspiring simply because the person has a disability. These portrayals are criticized because they are created with the intent of making viewers with no acknowledged disability feel better about themselves in
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In
Switzerland, social policies in the field of disability have been significantly reshaped over the last two decades by reducing the number of allowances awarded and by increasing the recourse to vocational rehabilitation measures. Drawing on interviews conducted with individuals who have been
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have come to the fore in developed and some developing countries. The debate has, some instances, moved beyond a concern about the perceived cost of maintaining dependent disabled people to finding effective ways to ensure that disabled people can participate in and contribute to society in all
1803:
Evolving from the disability rights movement is the Disability Justice movement, which aims to improve the lives of disabled people through prioritizing collective liberation, as opposed to prioritizing legislative change and traditional civil rights. This framework, dubbed the "second wave" of
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theory. The social construction of disability is the idea that disability is constructed as the social response to a deviance from the norm. The medical industry is the creator of the ill and disabled social role. Medical professionals and institutions, who wield expertise over health, have the
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The social construction of disability is the idea that disability is constructed by social expectations and institutions rather than biological differences. Highlighting the ways society and institutions construct disability is one of the main focuses of this idea. In the same way that race and
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The supercrip trope refers to instances when the media reports on or portray a disabled person who has made a noteworthy achievement but centers on their disability rather than what they actually did. They are portrayed as awe-inspiring for being exceptional compared to others with the same or
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As the prevalence of disability and the cost of supporting disability increases with medical advancement and longevity in general, this aspect of society becomes of greater political importance. How political parties treat their disabled constituents may become a measure of a political party's
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The use of people-first terminology has given rise to the use of the acronym PWD to refer to person(s) (or people) with disabilities (or disability). However other individuals and groups prefer identity-first language to emphasize how a disability can impact people's identities. Which style of
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The early disability rights movement was dominated by the medical model of disability, where emphasis was placed on curing or treating disabled people so that they would adhere to the social norm, but starting in the 1960s, rights groups began shifting to the social model of disability, where
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The poverty rate for working-age people with disabilities is nearly two and a half times higher than that for people without disabilities. Disability and poverty may form a vicious circle, in which physical barriers and stigma of disability make it more difficult to get income, which in turn
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of disability is based upon the "rights-based" model and claims that disabled people should have equal rights and access to products, goods, and services offered by businesses. The consumer model extends the rights-based model by proposing that businesses, not only accommodate customers with
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Disability abuse happens when a person is abused physically, financially, verbally or mentally due to the person having a disability. As many disabilities are not visible (for example, asthma, learning disabilities) some abusers cannot rationalize the non-physical disability with a need for
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used by the media. Since negative perceptions of disability are pervasive in modern society, disabled people have turned to self-advocacy in an attempt to push back against their marginalization. The recognition of disability as an identity that is experienced differently based on the other
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views disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other health conditions which therefore requires sustained medical care in the form of individual treatment by professionals. In the medical model, management of the disability is aimed at a "cure", or the
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The marginalization of people with disabilities can leave persons with disabilities unable to actualize what society expects of gendered existence. This lack of recognition for their gender identity can leave persons with disabilities with feelings of inadequacy. Thomas J. Gerschick of
2200:, or disregard. These reactions can, and often do, exclude persons with disabilities from accessing social spaces along with the benefits and resources these spaces provide. Disabled writer/researcher Jenny Morris describes how stigma functions to marginalize persons with disabilities:
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indicated that although finding a job may be difficult, stabilizing a job is even harder. Chadsey-Rusch proposed that securing employment for ID people requires adequate production skills and effective social skills. Other underlying factors for job loss include structural factors and
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Identity-first language describes the person as "disabled". Some people prefer this and argue that this fits the social model of disability better than people-first language, as it emphasizes that the person is disabled not by their body, but by a world that does not accommodate them.
1396:) allows for the person with a disability and their family to decide the course of their treatment. This turns the professional into a service provider whose role is to offer guidance and carry out the client's decisions. This model "empowers" the individual to pursue their own goals.
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or can be acquired during a person's lifetime. Historically, disabilities have only been recognized based on a narrow set of criteria—however, disabilities are not binary and can be present in unique characteristics depending on the individual. A disability may be readily visible, or
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In the autism community, many self-advocates and their allies prefer terminology such as 'Autistic,' 'Autistic person,' or 'Autistic individual' because we understand autism as an inherent part of an individual's identity – the same way one refers to 'Muslims,' 'African-Americans,'
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Estimates of worldwide and country-wide numbers of disabled people are problematic. The varying approaches taken to defining disability notwithstanding, demographers agree that the world population of individuals with disabilities is very large. For example, in 2012, the
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There are distinct tactics that the media frequently employ in representing disability. These common ways of framing disability are heavily criticized for being dehumanizing and failing to place importance on the perspectives of persons with disabilities. As outlined by
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states that, when identifying a person with a disability, the person's name or pronoun should come first, and descriptions of the disability should be used so that the disability is identified, but is not modifying the person. Acceptable examples included "a woman with
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refers to the range of audibility, sensibility, and visibility under which people function. The model asserts that disability does not necessarily mean a reduced spectrum of operations. Rather, disability is often defined according to thresholds set on a continuum of
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The experiences that disabled people have to navigate social institutions vary greatly as a function of what other social categories they may belong to. For example, a disabled man and a disabled woman experience disability differently. This speaks to the concept of
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In the past few decades, the efforts of disability rights activists around the world, focused on obtaining full citizenship for disabled people, have come under academic study and gained some level of public recognition in many places, such as in the United States.
986:; or advanced activities of daily living such as shopping, food preparation, driving, or working. However, causes of disability are usually determined by a person's capability to perform the activities of daily life. As Marta Russell and Ravi Malhotra argue, "The '
736:– the average man. Quetelet postulated that one could take the sum of all people's attributes in a given population (such as their height or weight) and find their average and that this figure should serve as a statistical norm toward which all should aspire.
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was the only person with a disability representing any country in the planning of IYDP-1981. Today, many countries have named representatives who are themselves individuals with disabilities. The decade was closed in an address before the General Assembly by
1484:". It also states that a person's adaptive equipment should be described functionally as something that assists a person, not as something that limits a person, for example, "a woman who uses a wheelchair" rather than "a woman in/confined to a wheelchair".
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particular minds and bodies" but also how mind and bodily impairments can still have disabling effects. Furthermore, the political/relational model frames the medicalization of disabled folks as political in nature given it should always be interrogated.
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is the degree to which a product, service or environment is available for use to the people that need it. People with certain types of disabilities struggle to get equal access to some things in society. For example, a blind person cannot read printed
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there was a shift to seeking biological causes for physical and mental differences, as well as heightened interest in demarcating categories: for example, Ambroise Pare, in the sixteenth century, wrote of "monsters", "prodigies", and "the maimed". The
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In developing nations, where the vast bulk of the estimated 650 million disabled people reside, a great deal of work is needed to address concerns ranging from accessibility and education to self-empowerment, self-supporting employment, and beyond.
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The "disability drop" trope is when a supposedly disabled character is revealed to have been faking, embellishing, or otherwise not actually embodying their claimed disability. Jay Dolmage offers Kevin Spacey's character, Verbal Kint, in the film
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In concert with disability scholars, the introduction to the ICF states that a variety of conceptual models have been proposed to understand and explain disability and functioning, which it seeks to integrate. These models include the following:
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Bodies operate socially as canvases on which gender is displayed and kinesthetically as the mechanisms by which it is physically enacted. Thus, the bodies of people with disabilities make them vulnerable to being denied recognition as women and
1421:, physical stigmas are perceived as to be uncontrollable and elicit pity and desire to help, whereas, mental-behavioral stigmas are considered to be controllable and therefore elicit anger and desire to neglect the individuals with disabilities.
1513:) is an individual property, "disability" is something created by external societal factors such as a lack of accessibility. This distinction between the individual property of impairment and the social property of disability is central to the
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776:, and increasingly disability cohered into a set of attributes that medicine could attend to – whether through augmentation, rehabilitation, or treatment. In both contemporary and modern history, disability was often viewed as a by-product of
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views disability as a value-based determination about which explanations for the atypical are legitimate for membership in the disability category. This viewpoint allows for multiple explanations and models to be considered as purposive and
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estimated that about a billion people, one-seventh of the world population, had disabilities, 80% of them in developing countries, and 80% of working age. Excluding disabled people from the workforce was reckoned to cost up to 7% of
2613:. The Paralympic Games include athletes with a wide range of physical disabilities. In member countries, organizations exist to organize competition in the Paralympic sports on levels ranging from recreational to elite (for example,
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comparison to the individual portrayed. Rather than recognizing the humanity of persons with disabilities, inspiration porn turns them into objects of inspiration for an audience composed of those with no acknowledged disability.
2037:. Notably, jobs offered to disabled people are scarce. Marta Russell notes that " primary basis for oppression of disabled persons (those who could work with accommodations) is their exclusion from exploitation as wage laborers."
591:
slurs. A current point of contention is whether it is appropriate to use person-first language (i.e. a person who is disabled) or identity-first language (i.e. a disabled person) when referring to disability and an individual.
1217:
keyboard was designed in New Zealand specifically for persons with disabilities. The World Wide Web consortium recognized a need for International Standards for Web Accessibility for persons with disabilities and created the
1804:
disability rights, seeks to examine the many systems of oppression that are intertwined with ableism, such colonialism, white supremacy, and heteropatriarchal capitalism. The term "Disability Justice" was coined in 2005 by
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and conditions that significantly impair normal activities of daily living. Invisible disabilities can hinder a person's efforts to go to school, work, socialize, and more. Some examples of invisible disabilities include
1488:
People-first terminology is used in the UK in the form "people with impairments" (such as "people with visual impairments"). However, in the UK, identity-first language is generally preferred over people-first language.
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Provisions that enabled individuals with impaired mobility to access temples and healing sanctuaries were made in ancient Greece. Specifically, by 370 B.C., at the most important healing sanctuary in the wider area, the
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2470:, which explains that different aspects of a person's identity (such as their gender, race, sexuality, religion, or social class) intersect and create unique experiences of oppression and privilege. The United Nations
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may struggle with understanding instructions that must be followed in the event a disaster occurs. All of these factors can increase the degree of variation of risk in disaster situations with disabled individuals.
2022:
involved in programs set up by Swiss disability insurance, a study highlights their uncertainties and concerns relating to their place in society, as well as their reactions to disability insurance's interventions.
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Blick RN, Litz KS, Thornhill MG, Goreczny AJ (June–July 2016). "Do inclusive work environments matter? Effects of community-integrated employment on quality of life for individuals with intellectual disabilities".
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Burkhauser RV, Schmeiser MD, Weathers II RR (January 2012). "The Importance of Anti-Discrimination and Workers' Compensation Laws on the Provision of Workplace Accommodations Following the Onset of a Disability".
7118:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"
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Research studies have consistently found discrimination against individuals with disabilities during all phases of a disaster cycle. The most common limitation is that people cannot physically access buildings or
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The glorified supercrip narrative in which a disabled person is praised for succeeding at something even a non-disabled person would not be able to do. This narrative form is commonly used to talk about disabled
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To a certain degree, physical impairments and changing mental states are almost ubiquitously experienced by people as they age. Aging populations are often stigmatized for having a high prevalence of disability.
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Pettinicchio D, Maroto M (January 1, 2017). "Employment Outcomes Among Men and Women with Disabilities: How the Intersection of Gender and Disability Status Shapes Labor Market Inequality". In Altman BM (ed.).
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indicates that half of all disabled people cannot afford health care, compared to a third of abled people. In countries without public services for adults with disabilities, their families may be impoverished.
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This idea of the statistical norm threads through the rapid take-up of statistics gathering by Britain, the United States, and the Western European states during this time period, and it is tied to the rise of
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The regular supercrip narrative in which a disabled person gains regulation for completing mundane tacts. This is commonly seen as a disabled person being able to accomplish something despite their disability.
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The Paralympics developed from a rehabilitation program for British war veterans with spinal injuries. In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttman, a neurologist working with World War II veterans with spinal injuries at
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depicts disabled people as victims of circumstance who are deserving of pity. This, along with the medical model, are the models used by most people with no acknowledged disability to define and explain
2009:
Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly in Europe and the United States. It was reported that, in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of
1300:'s view that a disability is an impairment, restriction, or limitation is wrong. Instead what is seen as a disability is just a difference in the individual from what is considered "normal" in society.
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Different theories revolve around prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and stigma related to disability. One of the more popular ones, as put by Weiner, Perry, and Magnusson's (1988) work with
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Disabilities have been perceived differently throughout history, through a variety of different theoretical lenses. There are two main models that attempt to explain disability in our society: the
8498:
McAdams Ducy E, Stough LM, Clark MC (2012). "Choosing Agency in the Midst of Vulnerability: Using Critical Disability Theory to Examine a Disaster Narrative". In Steinberg SR, Cannella GS (eds.).
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1561:, in which two players trade possessions, and a third, neutral person judges the difference of value between the possessions. The concept of a neutral person evening up the odds was extended to
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long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
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2014:
in 1980; two decades later it had reached 2.6% of GDP. Several studies have reported a link between increased absence from work due to sickness and elevated risk of future disability pension.
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In contexts where their differences are visible, persons with disabilities often face stigma. People frequently react to disabled presence with fear, pity, patronization, intrusive gazes,
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that is provided by government agencies to people who are temporarily or permanently unable to work due to a disability. In the U.S., the disability benefit is provided in the category of
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than mainstream disability rights, as to center marginalized voices. Their group, the Disability Justice Collective, also included notable disability activists such as Sebastian Margaret,
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4244:
Aichner, T., Shaltoni, A.M. (2018). "Marketing of specialised products and services to consumers with disabilities: exploring the role of advertising, country-of-origin, and e-commerce".
1240:. In this model, disability is not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions, created by the social environment. The management of the problem requires
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10859:
5122:
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Lukemeyer A, Meyers MK, Smeeding T (2000). "Expensive Children in Poor Families: Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for the Care of Disabled and Chronically Ill Children in Welfare Families".
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Lennard J. Davis, ed. (May 2, 2013). ""When Black Women Start Going on Prozac ..." The Politics of Race, Gender, and Emotional Distress in Meri Nana-Ama Danquah's Willow Weep for Me".
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To the extent that women and men with disabilities are gendered, the interactions of these two identities lead to different experiences. Women with disabilities face a sort of "double
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talks about how a person is viewed as deserving the disability. And because it is the fault of that person, an observer does not feel obligated to feel bad for them or to help them.
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states although a person's disability poses some limitations in an able-bodied society, often the surrounding society and environment are more limiting than the disability itself.
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5803:
Banks P, Jahoda A, Dagnan D, Kemp J, Williams V (2010). "Supported Employment for People with Intellectual Disability: The Effects of Job Breakdown on Psychological Well-Being".
2127:, as well as access disaster-related services. The exclusion of these individuals is caused in part by the lack of disability-related training provided to emergency planners and
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This is not an exhaustive list and many injuries and medical problems cause disability. Some causes of disability, such as injuries, may resolve over time and are considered
10611:
5765:
Lindstrom L, Hirano KA, McCarthy C, Alverson CV (May 2014). "'Just having a job': Career advancement for low-wage workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities".
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Invisible disabilities, also known as Hidden Disabilities or Non-visible Disabilities (NVD), are disabilities that are not immediately apparent, or seeable. They are often
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10363:
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2025:
Private, for-profit disability insurance plays a role in providing incomes to disabled people, but the nationalized programs are the safety net that catch most claimants.
528:
is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be
7386:"A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect"
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10799:
10759:
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is a generic term for devices and modifications (for a person or within a society) that help overcome or remove a disability. The first recorded example of the use of a
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and associated knowledge systems that observed and categorized human beings; among these, the ones significant to the development of today's concepts of disability were
202:
7989:
Perna LW, Titus MA (2005). "The Relationship between Parental Involvement as Social Capital and College Enrollment: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Group Differences".
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abled majority are meant to evoke fear in audiences that can perpetuate the mindset of disabled people being a threat to individual or public interests and well-being.
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became established, when disability activists began to challenge how society treated disabled people and the medical approach to disability. Due to this work, physical
673:, madness and other conditions were thought to be caused by demons. They were also thought to be part of the natural order, especially during and in the fallout of the
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argues that the term supercrip has a narrow definition given how widely used the term is. As a result, Schlak provides three categories of supercrip narratives used:
823:, as prominent historical moments in the understanding of disability. Although there was a certain amount of religious superstition surrounding disability during the
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McAdams Ducy E, Stough LM (July 29, 2011). "Exploring the support role of special education teachers after Hurricane Ike: Children with significant disabilities".
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estimated a world population of 6.5 billion people. Of those, nearly 650 million people, or 10%, were estimated to be moderately or severely disabled. In 2018 the
1708:
may have periods of wellness between episodes of illness. During the illness episodes people's ability to perform normal tasks, such as work, can be intermittent.
744:. Disability, as well as the concepts of abnormal, non-normal, and normalcy, came from this. The circulation of these concepts is evident in the popularity of the
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defines disability in terms of reduced ability to work, the related loss of productivity and economic effects on the individual, employer and society in general.
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Like many social categories, the concept of "disability" is under heavy discussion amongst academia, the medical and legal worlds, and the disability community.
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Auerbach S (October 2002). "'Why Do They Give the Good Classes to Some and Not to Others?' Latino Parent Narratives of Struggle in a College Access Program".
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in Eastern and New Age religions. It also includes notions that a disability gives a person "special abilities to perceive, reflect, transcend, be spiritual".
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The disability rights movement aims to secure equal opportunities and equal rights for disabled people. The specific goals and demands of the movement are
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the disabled person. This has tended to produce a system in which an authoritarian, over-active service provider prescribes and acts for a passive client.
894:
notes that disability studies should not be considered a niche or specialized discipline, but instead is applicable to a wide range of fields and topics.
4374:
2379:
The innocent and endearing person with a disability often points out the inadequacies of their "normal" adult peers, which helps them achieve salvation.
2538:
intensely than women in general, have been cast in the collective cultural imagination as inferior, lacking, excessive, incapable, unfit, and useless."
1789:
Advocacy for disability issues and accessibility in the republics of the former Soviet Union has become more organized and influential in policymaking.
990:' of disablement and the tools of classification clearly played an important role in establishing divisions between the 'disabled' and the 'able-bodied.
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850:– under which an impairment needs to be fixed – and the social model of disability – under which the society that limits a person needs to be fixed.
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weeding such as "deviations" out of the gene pool. Various metrics for assessing a person's genetic fitness were determined and were then used to
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Dunn DS, Andrews EE (2015). "Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists' cultural competence using disability language".
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Incidence of disability is reported to be greater among several minority communities across the globe, according to a systematic analysis of the
5437:
2385:
While there are many disability tropes, disability aesthetics attempts to dispel them by accurately depicting disabled bodies in art and media.
1244:
and it is the collective responsibility of society to create a society in which limitations for disabled people are minimal. Disability is both
994:" This positions disability as a problem to be solved via medical intervention, which hinders our understanding about what disability can mean.
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Owens J (March 2015). "Exploring the critiques of the social model of disability: the transformative possibility of Arendt's notion of power".
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machine, or if another person reads the ballot to the blind person and recorded the choices, then the blind person would have access to voting.
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Bradley J. Cardinal & Marc D. Spaziani (2003). "ADA compliance and the accessibility of physical activity facilities in western Oregon".
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disability is interpreted as an issue of discrimination, thereby paving the way for rights groups to achieve equality through legal means.
512:
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5525:"Self-reported sickness absence as a risk marker of future disability pension. Prospective findings from the DWECS/DREAM study 1990–2004"
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than normal. This concept, then, adds to the conception of disability as a burden, or individual problem, rather than a societal problem.
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Furrie, Adele, Rebecca Gewurtz, Wendy Porch, Cameron Crawford, Maureen Haan, and John Stapleton. "Episodic Disabilities in Canada." 2016
1517:. The term "disabled people" as a political construction is also widely used by international organizations of disabled people, such as
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European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination
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2721:
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6511:
5574:"Sickness absence as a risk factor for job termination, unemployment, and disability pension among temporary and permanent employees"
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Shakespeare, T., Watson, N. (2001). "The social model of disability: An outdated ideology?". In Barnartt, S.N., Altman, B.M. (eds.).
8312:
6464:
4493:"Journalists should learn to carefully traverse a variety of disability terminology | National Center on Disability and Journalism"
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is the result of impairments that occur suddenly or chronically during the lifespan, as opposed to being born with the impairment.
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192:
7427:"An Ecological Perspective on the Comorbidity of Childhood Violence Exposure and Disabilities: Focus on the Ecology of the School"
1166:. Disabled people often develop adaptations which can be personal (e.g. strategies to suppress tics in public) or community (e.g.
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2339:
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1002:
998:
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Kayess R, French P (2008). "Out of darkness into light? Introducing the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities".
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2002:
was introduced in Australia in 2013 to fund a number of supports.In other countries, disability benefits may be provided under
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4234:
Smith, T.B. (2012). A New and Emerging Model of Disability: The Consumer Model. White Paper. The Pennsylvania State University
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similar conditions. This trope is widely used in reporting on disabled athletes as well as in portrayals of autistic savants.
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within society at large. These portrayals simultaneously reflect and influence the popular perception of disabled difference.
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Windover Archeological Site, location of the 15 year old with spina bifida who was taken care of in a hunter-gather community.
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8678:
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8237:"The Daily — A profile of Canadians with a mobility disability and groups designated as visible minorities with a disability"
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Using the identity-first language also parallels how people talk about other aspects of identity and diversity. For example:
686:'s emphases on knowledge derived from reason and on the value of natural science to human progress helped spawn the birth of
646:, staffs were frequently used in society. A common usage for them was for older persons with disabilities to help them walk.
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Like all the others, this stereotype perpetuates patronizing perceptions that are simply untrue and are therefore damaging.
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mentions aging and the anxiety associated with it. According to Kafer, this anxiety stems from ideas of normalcy. She says:
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10393:
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Tiny Tim, and even news broadcasts that refer to people as "victims" or "sufferers" are a few examples of this stereotype.
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1999:
303:
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knowledge that each entry into the public world will be dominated by stares, by condescension, by pity, and by hostility.
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3429:
Barlow, Kathleen (2006). "Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century".
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experience of decline and deterioration. But little attention has been given to the imbrication of aging and disability.
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Jay Timothy Dolmage, ableist media tropes can reflect and continue to perpetuate societal myths about disabled people.
1901:
UN programs and OSCE work to align policy and programs in countries that were part of the former Soviet Union with the
1518:
831:'s body or level of work power. As a result, disabled people came to be regarded as a problem, to be solved or erased.
379:
10932:
10754:
9895:
8957:
Masala C, Petretto DR (2008). "From disablement to enablement: conceptual models of disability in the 20th century".
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756:, sterilize, or institutionalize those deemed unfit. People with disabilities were one of the groups targeted by the
483:
8128:"Prevalence of Disabilities and Health Care Access by Disability Status and Type Among Adults — United States, 2016"
4545:
4209:
10726:
9394:
7281:
Sullivan PM, Knutson JF (October 2000). "Maltreatment and disabilities: a population-based epidemiological study".
7226:"Associations Between Child Disabilities and Caregiver Discipline and Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries"
2505:
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369:
212:
109:
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Vega, Eugenio (2022) Crónica del siglo de la peste. Pandemias, discapacidad y diseño. Madrid, Experimenta Libros.
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Characters with disabilities are frequently portrayed in movies as being angelic or childish. These films include
1955:
There are obstacles in many countries in getting full employment and public perception of disabled people varies.
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compared to 49.6% of seniors 65 and over. 53.4% of Australians aged 15 to 64 who have a disability are employed.
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2501:
1110:
The medical model focuses heavily on finding treatments, cures, or rehabilitative practices for disabled people.
17:
8419:
Yeo R., Moore K. (2003). "Including disabled people in poverty reduction work: "Nothing about us, without us"".
4997:
Kemple M, Ahmad F, Girijashanker S (2011). "Shaping Disability Rights through Shaping the Disability Movement".
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were formed for physically disabled people, specifically limb loss or limb difference, to be able to compete in
10922:
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10730:
9914:
9711:
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8750:
Disability in Industrial Britain: A Cultural and Literary History of Impairment in the Coal Industry, 1880-1948
4329:
2484:
1074:
659:
374:
231:
7345:"Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of recently published research"
6569:
Row-Heyveld L (2015). "Reading Batman, Writing X-Men Superpowers and Disabilities in the First-Year Seminar".
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10398:
9943:
9762:
9523:
9399:
9281:
7927:
Soldatic K, Pini B (November 2009). "The three Ds of welfare reform: disability, disgust and deservingness".
2347:
1237:
187:
162:
9164:
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3840:. Research in Social Science and Disability. Vol. 2. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 9–28.
2832:
Williamson, Bess (2019). Accessible America. A History of Disability and Design. New York University Press.
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2011:
1991:
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is a fruitful field where the gap between the medical and the social model of disability might be bridged.
1219:
308:
8211:"A demographic, employment and income profile of Canadians with disabilities aged 15 years and over, 2017"
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10226:
10066:
9569:
9544:
9373:
9313:
8522:
8337:
Zheng X, Chen G, Song X, Liu J, Yan L, Du W, Pang L, Zhang L, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhang J (November 1, 2011).
4852:
2720:
According to Twenty-Year Trends in the Prevalence of Disability in China, a medical publication from the
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1201:
953:
847:
624:
580:
498:
323:
318:
75:
31:
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The social model of disability sees "disability" as a socially created problem and a matter of the full
10413:
10176:
10166:
9838:
9630:
9466:
9378:
9326:
8262:"Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, 2018 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
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for their own disability. For example, disability may be seen as a result of bad actions of parents if
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805:
584:
235:
182:
80:
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Another frequent occurrence is when someone with a disability is assumed to be miserable or helpless.
1213:, were not developed specifically for disabled people, but can be used to increase accessibility. The
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10378:
10234:
10181:
9554:
9409:
9241:
9097:
7892:
Barnes C, Sheldon A (December 2010). "Disability, politics and poverty in a majority world context".
6932:"Negotiating Psycho-Emotional Dimensions of Disability and their Influence on Identity Constructions"
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2799:
2654:
2626:
2518:
1677:
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1392:
1054:
907:
328:
122:
104:
5279:
On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America
4279:
Weiner, B., Perry, R.P., Magnusson, J. (1988). "An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas".
3776:
3490:
Marini I, Graf NM, Millington M (2017). "The History of Treatment Toward People With Disabilities".
2324:
or a device of characterization aligns with other disability studies scholars' theory of "Narrative
1205:
etc. have been specifically designed for disabled people while other software and hardware, such as
713:
The concept of the "norm" developed in this time period, and is signaled in the work of the Belgian
620:
in the west; prior to the Enlightenment, physical differences were viewed through a different lens.
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10244:
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9986:
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9706:
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Theo Vos, et al. (GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (2017).
4059:
3871:"Capturing Volunteered Information for Inclusive Service Design: Potential Benefits and Challenges"
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Measuring Difference, Numbering Normal Setting the Standards for Disability in the Interwar Period
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6113:"Effective Emergency Management: Making Improvements for Communities and People with Disabilities"
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There is evidence of humans during prehistory that looked after people with disabilities. At the
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Destigmatising Mental Illness?: Professional Politics and Public Education in Britain, 1870-1970
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7029:. Research in Social Science and Disability Vol. 10. Emerald Publishing Limited. pp. 3–33.
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1337:, or as a result of practicing witchcraft if not. Echoes of this can be seen in the doctrine of
616:
Contemporary understandings of disability derive from concepts that arose during the scientific
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10448:
10388:
10368:
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10274:
10216:
9966:
9828:
9721:
6492:
decisively locates that text as unproductive from a disability studies perspective (Schalk 71).
6365:
2939:. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 24 January 2007.
2749:
is thought to be part of a "vicious cycle" in which these constructs are mutually reinforcing.
2746:
2663:
2071:
2034:
1464:
1098:
781:
683:
631:. The condition meant that the boy, probably paralyzed below the waist, was taken care of in a
446:
6294:
5623:"The 'compliant', the 'pacified' and the 'rebel': experiences with Swiss disability insurance"
5211:"OSCE supports roundtable discussion on the rights of persons with disabilities in Nur-Sultan"
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Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding Diverse Groups and Justice Issues
1222:(WAI). As at Dec 2012 the standard is WCAG 2.0 (WCAG = Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).
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10473:
10239:
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Disability in the Industrial Revolution: Physical Impairment in British Coalmining, 1780-1880
8546:
7666:
6310:
5978:
5210:
3365:
3262:
3057:"Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability"
2784:
2595:
2115:
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1446:
1426:
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9736:
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to make computers more accessible for disabled people. Some software and hardware, such as
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were identified. These conditions functionally disabled them, and what is now known as the
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617:
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249:
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85:
7490:
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5659:
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8:
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10323:
10298:
10287:
10279:
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10076:
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9885:
9404:
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4495:. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Arizona State University.
3741:
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1868:
began planning for its International Year for Disabled Persons (1981), later renamed the
1782:. Effective civil rights legislation is sought to secure these opportunities and rights.
1779:
1778:, employment, education, and housing; and freedom from abuse, neglect, and violations of
1058:
678:
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systems, social norms relating to the perception of disabilities are often reinforced by
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9640:
9368:
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8990:
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8803:
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7909:
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7753:
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7152:
7117:
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7004:
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6836:
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6542:
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4791:
4779:
4693:
4650:
4261:
3890:
3648:
3138:
3105:
3086:
2230:
1983:
1825:
1798:
1775:
1705:
1529:'Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Queer,' 'Chinese,' 'gifted,' 'athletic,' or 'Jewish.'
1510:
1261:
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1160:
1066:
1062:
867:
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in Germany, resulting in approximately 250,000 disabled people being killed during the
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discourses that sought to classify and categorize and, in so doing, became methods of
9772:
9675:
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in the UK, began using sport as part of the rehabilitation programs of his patients.
2586:
2467:
2289:
2154:
1998:. Following a long nationwide campaign involving hundreds of thousands of people the
1821:
1725:
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9757:
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9414:
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8366:
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6695:
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5736:
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4823:
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3438:
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3133:
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2606:
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2211:
1964:
1936:
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1018:
983:
891:
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595:
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5639:
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Around the early 1970s, sociologists, notably Eliot Friedson, began to argue that
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Finding a stable workforce poses additional challenges. A study published in the
2003:
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1277:
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632:
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Disability, Literature, Genre: Representation and Affect in Contemporary Fiction
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4471:
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3121:
2641:
2564:
2488:
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1865:
1849:
1817:
1813:
1743:
1607:
1602:
A change that improves access. For example, if voting ballots are available in
1030:
987:
748:, where showmen profited from exhibiting people who deviated from those norms.
565:
451:
425:
313:
9088:
8970:
8942:
8884:
8554:
6950:
6824:
6699:
4827:
4546:"AHEAD Statement on Language | Association on Higher Education and Disability"
4192:
4190:
3691:
3634:
3442:
3349:
3332:
1742:
symbol represents the diversity of the autism spectrum as well as the greater
1537:
in the U.S. reject people-first language in favor of identity-first language.
846:
emerged. Coined by Mike Oliver in 1983, this phrase distinguishes between the
11035:
9660:
9426:
9289:
9109:
8978:
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6090:
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5924:
5778:
5689:
5648:
5411:
5336:
4940:
4646:
4572:"Definition of handicap in Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)"
4151:
4086:
3817:
3476:
3188:
3129:
3082:
2915:
2789:
2759:
2531:
2399:
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understanding of disability, particularly in the social model of disability.
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8986:
8380:
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8014:
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7460:
7370:
7302:
7267:
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1493:
language used varies between different countries, groups and individuals.
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Nearly one in five Australians, or 4.4 million people, were estimated by
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1820:, who sought to build an anti-ableist movement with a larger emphasis on
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970:
The medical model focuses on finding causes and cures for disabilities.
9850:
9665:
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7361:
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1739:
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Disability activists have drawn attention to the following issues:
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1245:
1163:
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generally have less access to support and are more vulnerable to
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has become more ubiquitous, various organizations have formed to
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accompanied by some type of special talent, genius, or insight.
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cultural ideals of normalcy and ideal form and function.
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4411:"Recognising & Implementing Housing Rights CSCF449"
4175:
3106:"Staffs as Walking Aids in Ancient Egypt and Palestine"
2521:
describes why this denial of gendered identity occurs:
1509:
that while someone's impairment (for example, having a
1139:
is a related structural innovation. Other examples are
8842:
Disability and Diversity: New Leadership for a New Era
8517:
Nikora LW, Karapu R, Hickey H, Te Awekotuku N (2004).
8288:"Family Resources Survey: financial year 2020 to 2021"
6048:
6046:
5708:
5660:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
5438:"'Disability hate crimes' rise by a quarter in a year"
4875:
3370:
Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness, and the Body
2059:
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disability
9498:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
8627:"Disability, poverty, and the new development agenda"
6519:
Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies
5976:
5802:
5518:
5516:
5057:"Disability Justice - a working draft by Patty Berne"
4953:
3563:
3007:
Florida's First People: 12,000 Years of Human History
2472:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1903:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1893:
for use in the education of deaf children and youth.
1854:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1844:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
569:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
8234:
8208:
7683:
7323:
6222:. Leeds, UK: The Disability Press. pp. 83–100.
5494:
Australian Progress, McIntyre I (February 2, 2022).
5215:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
5186:"People With Disability Australian Protest Timeline"
4822:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). 2020. pp. 37–47.
3580:
3534:"Disability Studies: Foundations & Key Concepts"
3489:
2410:
can challenge dominant narratives about disability.
7779:Grech S (December 2011). "Poverty and disability".
6397:
Representing Autism Culture, Narrative, Fascination
6043:
5470:"Canada Pension Plan disability benefits: Overview"
3667:"Disability Social History Project – Timeline"
9066:
8727:
7342:
7021:
6076:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5513:
5436:
4954:Löve L, Traustadóttir R, Rice J (March 26, 2018).
4357:Crises, Conflict and Disability: Ensuring Equality
4316:The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion
4135:What Psychotherapists Should Know About Disability
4056:"International organisations report on disability"
4017:Encyclopedia of American Disability History Vol. 2
3510:
2143:Protest for the recognition of Irish Sign Language
8730:Handicapping America: Barriers to disabled people
3799:"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0"
599:Although disability activism serves to dismantle
11033:
8418:
8336:
7557:
7174:
6420:Hardin, Marie Myers, Hardin, Brent (June 2004).
5823:
4731:"Invisible Disabilities: List & Information"
4074:
3869:Parker CJ, May A, Mitchell V, Burrows A (2015).
3428:
3409:"Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | Disabled people"
2976:"Religious Attitudes toward the Disabled (2015)"
2741:Disability is more common in developing than in
1828:, well known for his poetry and founding of the
1684:among those with a diagnosis of mental illness.
1452:legislation on disability rights, including the
9004:Psicologia dell'Handicap e della Riabilitazione
8920:
8752:. Manchester (UK): Manchester University Press.
8702:
8519:"Disabled Maori and Disability Support Options"
8033:"First Extremity Games was first class success"
7621:
7280:
5874:
4085:. World Institute on Disability. Archived from
3458:
3260:
2033:Studies have illustrated a correlation between
897:
30:"Impaired" redirects here. For other uses, see
9028:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
9001:
8956:
7692:
6603:
5977:Stough LM, Sharp AN, Curt D, Wilker N (2010).
3964:Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction
2887:
2457:Three Black and disabled people in front of a
2393:Some disabled people have attempted to resist
1792:
1542:Association on Higher Education and Disability
1473:American Psychological Association style guide
890:, and many more. Prominent disability scholar
9922:
9503:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
9334:
9008:The Psychology of Handicap and Rehabilitation
8209:Government of Canada SC (November 28, 2018).
8089:(Special report Modern workplace: Disability)
7891:
6782:"Disability stereotypes in the media | Aruma"
6141:. Division for Inclusive Social Development.
5246:. Division for Inclusive Social Development.
5079:
5077:
4623:D'Mello L, Monteiro M, BM G (July 24, 2017).
3694:An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering
3265:. In Albrecht GL, Seelman KD, Bury M (eds.).
2907:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.10.pfor2-1610
2890:"Perspectives on the Meaning of "Disability""
811:Disability scholars have also pointed to the
804:A short government advisory animation on the
506:
9156:Turner, David M., and Daniel Blackie. 2018.
9073:. Internet archive: Dunedin Academic Press.
8823:(8). Manchester: EBSCO Masterfile Complete.
8235:Government of Canada SC (December 3, 2020).
7926:
5565:
5522:
5083:
4281:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2541:
2475:arise from overlapping identity categories.
2406:, originates from a social model framework.
2296:have futuristic technology that makes one a
933:Community, social and civic life, including
930:Interpersonal interactions and relationships
9070:Direct Payments and Personalisation of Care
8634:Disability Knowledge and Research Programme
8449:
8313:"Life Opportunities Survey: wave 1 results"
8132:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
6568:
6296:Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity
5674:"Three Dimensions in the Register of Shame"
5349:
5203:
5023:
4435:
4375:"Groups and individuals honored at PWD Day"
4181:
3337:Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research
3330:
3034:. University Press of Florida. p. 75.
2598:match between South Africa and Iran at the
9929:
9915:
9891:
9692:Augmentative and alternative communication
9341:
9327:
9160:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9153:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9120:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9063:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9042:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
9035:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
8869:(2nd ed.). Internet archive: Fulton.
8189:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7988:
5887:
5074:
2868:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2040:
1496:
1463:"Cerebral Palsy: A Guide for Care" at the
513:
499:
9936:
9054:A Disability History of the United States
8924:Genetic Politics: from Eugenics to Genome
8862:
8606:. In Neria Y, Galea S, Norris FH (eds.).
8580:Russell M (2019). Keith Rosenthal (ed.).
8370:
8343:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
8159:
7514:
7450:
7401:
7360:
7257:
7192:
7151:
7133:
6914:
6715:
6546:
6399:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
5638:
5597:
5548:
5310:
5241:"Fact Sheet on Persons with Disabilities"
5160:
5145:"International Year for Disabled Persons"
4981:
4971:
4910:
4636:
3937:
3348:
3178:
3137:
3103:
3072:
2905:
1897:Policies in former Soviet Union republics
9298:) is being considered for deletion. See
9233:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
9216:
9095:
8755:
8662:
7961:
7727:
7656:
7175:Frederick A, Shifrer D (July 11, 2018).
7115:
6755:
6167:
5183:
4888:. Disabilityrightswi.org. Archived from
4710:
4407:Department for International Development
4212:. Michigan Disability Rights Coalition.
3989:
3919:
3625:"The Rhetorical Dimensions of Ableism".
3531:
3312:
3263:"An Institutional History of Disability"
3110:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3029:
2888:Francis L, Silvers A (October 1, 2016).
2590:
2452:
2138:
2134:
2075:
1918:
1733:
1719:
1640:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1574:
1440:
1011:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
790:
648:
38:
9727:Disproportionality in special education
8891:
8814:
8788:Industrial & Labor Relations Review
8762:. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
8579:
8470:
8039:from the original on September 24, 2015
7813:
7603:from the original on September 28, 2017
7424:
6806:
6677:
6675:
6658:. Krumlin, Halifax: Ryburn Publishing.
6334:
6299:. New York: NYU Press. pp. 19–21.
6206:
6204:
5725:
5723:
5714:
5017:
4850:
4604:from the original on September 15, 2017
3586:
3574:
3054:
2045:Many countries have programs which aid
1614:
1329:refers to the attitude that people are
1238:integration of individuals into society
1199:, the Free and Open Source alternative
1113:
1003:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
999:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
14:
11034:
8836:Glenn E (1995). Walker, Sylvia (ed.).
8598:
8540:
8478:. Return on Disability. Archived from
7667:10.7208/chicago/9780226630021.001.0001
7590:
7473:
7065:
6735:. State University of New York Press.
6730:
6653:
6628:
6558:from the original on November 8, 2022.
6509:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6462:
6394:
6330:
6328:
6292:
6257:
6197:. Indiana University Press. p. 8.
6052:
5798:
5796:
5760:
5758:
5733:Research in Developmental Disabilities
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4844:
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4747:from the original on February 25, 2021
4354:
4313:
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3805:from the original on February 18, 2011
3779:from the original on September 4, 2008
3673:from the original on September 1, 2017
3516:
3454:
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3392:
3331:Grue L, Heiberg A (November 4, 2006).
3297:
3232:
3201:
2864:"Disability and Health Overview | CDC"
2487:. Disabled people who are also racial
2331:
2161:, explains the phenomenon as follows:
1870:International Year of Disabled Persons
1860:International Year of Disabled Persons
1750:
1711:
1692:People with health conditions such as
1687:
1267:
110:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
9910:
9322:
8866:An Introduction to Disability Studies
8835:
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8065:from the original on January 19, 2015
7778:
6986:
6929:
6896:
6861:
6733:Mind Reeling: Psychopathology on Film
6681:
6366:"We're not here for your inspiration"
6363:
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6065:McAdams Ducy, Stough & Clark 2012
5862:from the original on January 23, 2015
5696:from the original on February 4, 2020
5449:from the original on January 11, 2022
5434:
5398:
5396:
5275:
5257:from the original on October 30, 2020
5054:
5036:from the original on December 2, 2020
4552:from the original on February 9, 2021
4474:Glasgow Centre for Inclusive Living.
4132:
4039:
4014:
3527:
3525:
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3326:
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380:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
9123:
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8725:
8500:Critical Qualitative Research Reader
8473:"The Global Economics of Disability"
8107:from the original on August 15, 2018
8083:
7593:"Feature on Women with Disabilities"
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5404:Transforming Disability into Ability
5125:from the original on October 2, 2016
4917:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
4670:American Journal of Health Promotion
3773:"Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)"
3738:
3606:from the original on August 22, 2016
2506:the Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law
2417:
2000:National Disability Insurance Scheme
304:Social Security Disability Insurance
9834:Disability in children's literature
8624:
8182:
8061:. World Health Organization. 2011.
7326:Developmental Disabilities Bulletin
6968:from the original on April 28, 2016
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3971:from the original on March 18, 2019
3449:
3032:Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida
2861:
2697:the Australian Bureau of Statistics
2304:
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1970:understanding, support, and so on.
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1840:concept within disability studies.
24:
9697:Emotional or behavioral disability
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7929:Australian Journal of Human Rights
7695:Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin
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4490:
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4330:"Cerebral Palsy: a Guide for Care"
4216:from the original on July 28, 2012
4080:
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25:
11058:
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9184:
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8095:. Bracken House; London: Nikkei.
6864:Sociology of Health & Illness
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5500:The Commons Social Change Library
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2805:Physiological functional capacity
2703:
2659:International Labour Organization
2504:, Camille A. Nelson, writing for
2191:
1467:describes people-first language:
1286:social construction of disability
1135:dates from the 17th century. The
1102:may not be obviously noticeable.
571:defines disability as including:
10855:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
10007:Democratic Republic of the Congo
9890:
9881:
9880:
9275:
9263:
9249:
9215:
9067:Pearson, Charlotte, ed. (2006).
8714:. Madrid: 331–34. Archived from
8412:
8387:
8330:
8305:
8280:
8254:
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8119:
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7982:
7955:
7920:
7885:
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7850:
7816:The British Journal of Sociology
7807:
7772:
7721:
7650:
7615:
7584:
7551:
7508:
7467:
7418:
7377:
7336:
7317:
7274:
7217:
7168:
7109:
7084:
7059:
7035:10.1108/s1479-354720170000010003
7015:
6980:
6923:
6890:
6855:
6800:
6774:
6749:
6724:
6647:
6622:
6608:. University of Michigan Press.
6597:
6562:
6456:
6413:
6388:
6357:
6286:
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6186:
6170:Key Words for Disability Studies
6161:
6131:
6105:
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5848:
5835:
5817:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00541.x
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4999:Journal of Human Rights Practice
3887:10.2752/175630613X13584367984947
3315:The History of Sexuality, vol. 1
2986:from the original on May 4, 2020
2669:
2421:
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2388:
2159:Key Words for Disability Studies
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1570:
947:
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370:National Telecommuting Institute
7991:The Journal of Higher Education
7661:. University of Chicago Press.
7562:. Routledge. pp. 415–435.
7483:Berkley Journal of Criminal Law
7181:Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
6656:Disabling Imagery and the Media
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5888:Stough LM, Peek L (July 2010).
5665:
5614:
5487:
5461:
5428:
5368:
5343:
5304:
5269:
5233:
5177:
5137:
5104:
4990:
4947:
4811:
4802:
4759:
4723:
4704:
4661:
4616:
4564:
4538:
4511:
4484:
4470:Davis, Ken. (January 3, 2009].
4464:
4399:
4367:
4348:
4322:
4307:
4272:
4237:
4228:
4202:
4126:
4101:
4048:
4033:
4008:
3983:
3954:
3913:
3862:
3829:
3791:
3765:
3732:
3710:
3685:
3659:
3618:
3483:
3422:
3401:
3386:
3357:
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3291:
3226:
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3055:Kağnici G (December 28, 2018).
3009:. Pineapple Press. p. 25.
2816:
2647:
2502:disability in the United States
2052:community-integrated employment
1557:derives from the medieval game
1519:Disabled Peoples' International
1454:Americans with Disabilities Act
1303:
1225:
1131:dates to at least 1800 BC. The
914:Learning and applying knowledge
9712:Disability and LGBT identities
9348:
9149:Schmidt, Marion Andrea. 2020.
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8921:Kerr A, Shakespeare T (2002).
8734:. New York: Harper & Row.
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8610:. Cambridge University Press.
7941:10.1080/1323238X.2009.11910862
7859:Journal of Marriage and Family
6145:. May 31, 2011. Archived from
4472:The Social Model of Disability
4383:. May 20, 2014. Archived from
4210:"Economic Model of Disability"
4137:. Guilford Press. p. 26.
3459:Russell M, Malhotra R (2002).
3267:Handbook of Disability Studies
3261:Braddock D, Parrish S (2001).
3097:
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3023:
2998:
2967:
2942:
2930:
2855:
2727:
2485:Global Burden of Disease Study
1994:. In Canada, it is within the
1724:Museum of disABILITY History,
1435:
1075:post-traumatic stress disorder
375:Society for Disability Studies
232:Unlicensed assistive personnel
13:
1:
9524:Services for mental disorders
9287:
9254:The dictionary definition of
8959:Disability and Rehabilitation
8433:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00218-8
7560:The Disability Studies Reader
7403:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00087-8
7295:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00190-3
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5640:10.1080/09687599.2018.1545115
5468:Canada S (October 14, 2015).
5184:McIntyre I (April 26, 2023).
4886:"Disability Rights Wisconsin"
4768:Current Opinion in Psychiatry
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4598:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
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3532:Mullaney C (April 13, 2019).
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2340:The Hunchback of Notre Dame's
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7906:10.1080/09687599.2010.520889
7793:10.1080/09687599.2011.618747
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6688:BMJ: British Medical Journal
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4851:Muzikar D (April 20, 2015).
2848:
2722:National Library of Medicine
2690:
2252:
2102:
2047:intellectually disabled (ID)
2012:gross domestic product (GDP)
1992:Supplemental Security Income
1977:
1220:Web Accessibility Initiative
898:International Classification
732:, who wrote in the 1830s of
309:Supplemental Security Income
71:Ableism / Disablism
7:
10072:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
9812:Arts, media, culture, sport
8608:Mental Health and Disasters
8543:The Politics of Disablement
8471:Donovan R (March 1, 2012).
8450:DePoy E, Gilson SF (2004).
6654:Barnes C (March 15, 1992).
6372:. Australia: ABC Services.
5841:World Health Organization,
5523:Labriola M, Lund T (2007).
5329:10.1016/j.alter.2020.03.001
5282:. Temple University Press.
4044:. Indiana University Press.
3722:University of New Hampshire
3461:"Capitalism and Disability"
2752:
2676:Centers for Disease Control
1881:. Both Bowe and Davila are
1793:Disability Justice Movement
1547:
1298:medical model of disability
954:Medical model of disability
848:medical model of disability
625:Windover Archeological Site
324:Disabled students allowance
319:Disability Living Allowance
32:Impairment (disambiguation)
10:
11063:
9839:Disability in horror films
9631:Activities of daily living
8800:10.1177/001979391206500109
8666:Encyclopedia of disability
8443:
7425:Perkins S (January 2012).
5843:World report on disability
5741:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.015
4820:The Social Medicine Reader
4682:10.4278/0890-1171-17.3.197
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2221:
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2069:
2065:
1962:
1912:
1848:On December 13, 2006, the
1796:
1762:Disability rights movement
1759:
1618:
1444:
1311:political/relational model
1232:Social model of disability
1229:
1117:
980:activities of daily living
951:
925:activities of daily living
844:social model of disability
836:disability rights movement
806:social model of disability
611:
183:Disability rights movement
29:
10956:
10873:
10745:
10487:
10225:
9942:
9876:
9811:
9745:
9684:
9618:
9583:
9537:
9516:
9480:
9454:
9447:
9387:
9356:
9116:Robinson, Michael. 2020.
9098:"An Overlooked Workforce"
9059:O’Brien, Gerald V. 2016.
8971:10.1080/09638280701602418
8663:Albrecht GL, ed. (2006).
8555:10.1007/978-1-349-20895-1
8059:"Disability World Report"
7659:Distinguishing Disability
7390:Child Abuse & Neglect
7283:Child Abuse & Neglect
6951:10.1080/09687590220148487
6825:10.1632/S0030812900167860
6786:Aruma Disability Services
6700:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1223
6426:Sociology of Sport Online
6341:Syracuse University Press
5986:Rehabilitation Psychology
5055:Berne P (June 10, 2015).
4828:10.1515/9781478004363-005
4438:The American Psychologist
4318:. New York: Plenum Press.
3669:. Disabilityhistory.org.
3635:10.1515/9780271085296-002
3443:10.1525/aa.2006.108.2.447
3372:. Verso. pp. 23–49.
3350:10.1080/15017410600608491
2800:Parents with disabilities
2681:
2655:World Health Organization
2627:Stoke Mandeville Hospital
2542:Socio-economic background
2519:Illinois State University
2511:
2217:
1808:disabled women of color,
1678:Employment discrimination
1632:intellectual disabilities
1393:Supported decision making
1346:expert/professional model
1055:major depressive disorder
973:
917:General tasks and demands
908:World Health Organization
853:
329:Disabled Persons Railcard
9992:Central African Republic
9732:Sexuality and disability
9707:Disability and disasters
9619:Structural and assistive
9300:templates for discussion
8502:. New York: Peter Lang.
8183:CDC (October 25, 2019).
7894:Disability & Society
7781:Disability & Society
7568:10.4324/9780203077887-41
7474:Nelson C (Spring 2010).
7194:10.1177/2332649218783480
6939:Disability & Society
6897:Brown SE (Spring 2002).
6682:Byrne P (May 18, 2002).
6583:10.1215/15314200-2917105
6364:Young S (July 2, 2012).
6091:10.1177/0192513X11412494
6079:Journal of Family Issues
5779:10.1177/2165143414522092
5627:Disability & Society
5412:10.1787/9789264158245-en
5350:Heron R, Murray (2003).
4478:January 3, 2009, at the
3967:(Winter 2014 ed.).
3269:. SAGE. pp. 11–68.
2974:Moore M (January 2015).
2715:
2710:House of Commons Library
2580:
2147:
2109:Disability and disasters
1958:
1672:chronic fatigue syndrome
1636:autism spectrum disorder
1211:Dragon NaturallySpeaking
1170:in d/Deaf communities).
1105:
1061:requiring a wheelchair,
997:For the purposes of the
834:In the early 1970s, the
342:the Severely Handicapped
298:Socioeconomic assistance
208:Sexuality and disability
9846:Disability in the media
9717:Disability and religion
9656:Personal Care Assistant
9142:Wheatcroft, Sue. 2015.
9056:. Boston: Beacon Press.
9031:Jones, Claire L. 2017.
9024:McGuire, Coreen. 2020.
8906:10.1111/1468-0033.00217
8084:Jack A (May 11, 2018).
7976:10.1111/1467-9620.00207
7730:Health and Human Rights
6876:10.1111/1467-9566.12199
6809:"Disability Aesthetics"
5590:10.1136/oem.2005.020297
5086:Human Rights Law Review
4182:DePoy & Gilson 2004
3939:10.1136/jmh.2010.004143
3629:. 2019. pp. 1–25.
3431:American Anthropologist
3366:"Constructing Normalcy"
3300:A History of Disability
3235:Disability in Antiquity
3161:Sneed D (August 2020).
2745:The connection between
2621:in the United States).
2600:2008 Summer Paralympics
2554:between disability and
2495:A study in the journal
2493:violent discrimination.
2478:
2224:Disability in the media
2041:Intellectual Disability
1982:Disability benefit, or
1852:formally agreed on the
1497:Identity-first language
1051:intellectual disability
906:(ICF), produced by the
786:second-degree relatives
457:Disability in the media
10522:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9829:Disability in the arts
9722:Disability and poverty
9661:Physical accessibility
9268:Quotations related to
9211:
9191:Listen to this article
9052:Nielsen, Kim E. 2012.
8144:10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3
7431:Psychology of Violence
6916:10.18061/dsq.v22i2.343
4818:"On Being a Cripple".
3074:10.18513/egetid.502714
2747:disability and poverty
2664:gross domestic product
2602:
2550:A good example of the
2528:
2462:
2207:
2189:
2168:
2144:
2090:
2072:Disability and poverty
2035:disability and poverty
1928:
1747:
1728:
1580:
1531:
1486:
1465:University of Delaware
1099:Invisible disabilities
1090:temporary disabilities
939:Other major life areas
808:
782:first-degree relatives
772:, eugenics faded from
768:, with the example of
684:European Enlightenment
660:Sanctuary of Asclepius
654:
577:
447:Disability in the arts
270:Physical accessibility
44:
10845:Saint Kitts and Nevis
10152:São Tomé and Príncipe
10012:Republic of the Congo
9937:Disability by country
9420:driver rehabilitation
9210:
9165:"Work Without Limits"
8848:on September 6, 2009.
8669:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
8485:on September 13, 2012
8355:10.2471/BLT.11.089730
8003:10.1353/jhe.2005.0036
6313:on September 30, 2013
6195:Feminist, Queer, Crip
5217:. November 14, 2019.
5149:Public Health Reports
5011:10.1093/jhuman/hur019
4973:10.17645/si.v6i1.1180
4042:Feminist, Queer, Crip
3275:10.4135/9781412976251
3180:10.15184/aqy.2020.123
2894:AMA Journal of Ethics
2862:CDC (April 3, 2024).
2785:Disability hate crime
2596:Wheelchair basketball
2594:
2556:socio-economic status
2523:
2456:
2222:Further information:
2202:
2184:
2163:
2142:
2135:Disability in society
2116:cognitive impairments
2079:
1986:, is a major kind of
1922:
1737:
1723:
1578:
1526:
1469:
1447:People-first language
1441:People-first language
1427:just-world hypothesis
1354:tragedy/charity model
813:Industrial Revolution
803:
652:
573:
198:People-first language
176:Societal implications
42:
10464:United Arab Emirates
9753:Models of disability
9737:Youth and disability
9702:Invisible disability
9651:Orthotics and braces
9636:Assistive technology
9448:Rights, law, support
9284:at Wikimedia Commons
9242:More spoken articles
9171:on November 13, 2009
9102:Business NH Magazine
8894:Museum International
8863:Johnstone D (2001).
8844:: 66. Archived from
8817:Business NH Magazine
8756:Charlton JI (1998).
8268:. September 25, 2020
8241:www150.statcan.gc.ca
8215:www150.statcan.gc.ca
7128:(10100): 1211–1259.
6756:Reynolds TE (2008).
6531:10.3828/jlcds.2016.5
6119:on February 12, 2013
5155:(5): 498–499. 1980.
4911:Bagenstos S (2009).
4740:. October 28, 2015.
3747:. Springer. p.
3317:. New York: Vintage.
3030:Milanich JT (1994).
2810:Youth and disability
2765:Assistive technology
1988:disability insurance
1738:The rainbow-colored
1621:Invisible disability
1615:Invisible disability
1480:" or "a man who has
1370:social adapted model
1125:Assistive technology
1120:Assistive technology
1114:Assistive technology
1059:mobility impairments
764:. At the end of the
265:Orthotics and braces
250:Assistive technology
10860:Trinidad and Tobago
10755:Antigua and Barbuda
9405:Learning disability
8778:10.1525/j.ctt1pnqn9
8584:. Haymarket Books.
7657:Ong-Dean C (2009).
7496:on February 4, 2020
7489:(1). Archived from
6337:Disability Rhetoric
6335:Dolmage JT (2014).
6149:on February 2, 2013
5098:10.1093/hrlr/ngm044
4062:on February 5, 2013
3990:Freidson E (1970).
3313:Foucault M (1980).
2982:. The Secular Web.
2775:Disability benefits
2619:BlazeSports America
2615:Disabled Sports USA
2404:lack of recognition
2348:A Christmas Carol's
2332:The Disabled Victim
2290:Paralympic athletes
2231:disability theorist
1996:Canada Pension Plan
1751:Rights and policies
1712:Disability activism
1688:Episodic disability
1331:morally responsible
1268:Social construction
1094:acquired disability
679:early modern period
226:Personal assistance
133:Learning disability
10795:Dominican Republic
9819:Disability culture
9746:Disability studies
9641:Independent living
9369:Disability studies
9212:
8599:Stough LM (2009).
8547:St. Martin's Press
7362:10.1002/mrdd.20097
7242:10.1111/cdev.12132
6807:Siebers T (2005).
6731:Pettey HB (2020).
6629:Silver RL (1982).
6444:on August 19, 2004
6343:. pp. 31–61.
6220:Reeve Chapter 2004
5735:. 53–54: 358–366.
5541:10.7150/ijms.4.153
4197:Nikora et al. 2004
4170:Nikora et al. 2004
4158:Nikora et al. 2004
4083:"Disability Model"
3875:The Design Journal
3824:Nikora et al. 2004
3558:Nikora et al. 2004
3465:Socialist Register
3173:(376): 1015–1029.
2743:developed nations.
2737:Developing nations
2603:
2576:Disability culture
2463:
2433:. You can help by
2354:Eternally Innocent
2344:The Elephant Man's
2145:
2091:
1984:disability pension
1929:
1826:Leroy F. Moore Jr.
1799:Disability Justice
1776:independent living
1748:
1729:
1706:multiple sclerosis
1581:
1511:spinal cord injury
1418:attribution theory
1262:medical humanities
1191:Freedom Scientific
1161:speech recognition
1067:muscular dystrophy
1063:multiple sclerosis
868:disability studies
862:Disability studies
840:barriers to access
809:
655:
554:present from birth
340:Assured Income for
45:
43:Disability symbols
11029:
11028:
10027:Equatorial Guinea
9904:
9903:
9773:Neuroqueer theory
9676:Web accessibility
9626:Accessible toilet
9614:
9613:
9467:Disability rights
9462:Ableism/disablism
9280:Media related to
9208:
9135:978-1-4696-2489-1
9080:978-1-903765-62-3
9017:978-88-15-06226-0
8934:978-1-873797-25-9
8876:978-1-85346-726-4
8769:978-0-520-22481-0
8741:978-0-06-010422-1
8721:on June 29, 2022.
8680:978-0-7619-2565-1
8671:SAGE Publications
8617:978-1-107-41282-8
8591:978-1-60846-686-3
8541:Oliver M (1990).
8509:978-1-4331-0688-0
8463:978-0-534-54929-9
8421:World Development
8126:Okoro CA (2018).
8015:Project MUSE
7676:978-0-226-63001-4
7577:978-0-203-07788-7
7289:(10): 1257–1273.
7230:Child Development
7077:978-1-317-13921-8
7066:Lawson A (2016).
7044:978-1-78714-606-8
7001:10.1057/fr.1992.6
6788:. August 24, 2020
6767:978-1-4412-0263-5
6742:978-1-4384-8102-9
6615:978-0-472-06748-0
6510:Schalk S (2016).
6479:978-1-78962-077-1
6463:Cheyne R (2019).
6406:978-1-84631-092-8
6395:Murray S (2008).
6350:978-0-8156-3324-2
6306:978-0-8147-5134-3
6293:Linton S (1998).
6258:Morris J (1991).
6229:978-0-9528450-8-9
6179:978-1-4798-4115-8
5897:Child Development
5578:Occup Environ Med
5421:978-92-64-19887-6
5289:978-1-59213-697-1
5276:Carey AC (2009).
4924:978-0-300-12449-1
4892:on March 19, 2012
4857:The Art of Autism
4837:978-1-4780-0436-3
4531:978-0-8400-3443-4
4314:Lerner M (1980).
4144:978-1-4625-0613-2
4119:978-0-8400-3443-4
4089:on April 25, 2012
4026:978-0-8160-7030-5
4001:978-0-06-042205-9
3920:Garden R (2010).
3855:978-0-7623-0773-9
3758:978-1-4020-6268-1
3728:on April 8, 2015.
3703:978-1-4200-1249-1
3644:978-0-271-08529-6
3503:978-0-8261-8062-9
3393:Bogdan R (1998).
3379:978-1-85984-007-8
3364:Davis LJ (1995).
3298:Stiker H (2000).
3284:978-0-7619-2874-4
3244:978-1-315-62528-7
3233:Samama E (2016).
2900:(10): 1025–1033.
2828:978-84-18049-73-6
2708:According to the
2674:According to the
2587:Disability sports
2497:Child Development
2468:intersectionality
2451:
2450:
2155:Kathleen Woodward
1944:spheres of life.
1822:intersectionality
1726:Buffalo, New York
1627:chronic illnesses
1291:social convention
1175:personal computer
801:
523:
522:
285:Web accessibility
245:Accessible toilet
128:Special education
66:Disability theory
59:Theory and models
16:(Redirected from
11054:
10923:Papua New Guinea
10898:Marshall Islands
10731:Northern Ireland
9931:
9924:
9917:
9908:
9907:
9894:
9893:
9884:
9883:
9866:Special Olympics
9758:Inspiration porn
9671:Universal design
9472:Pejorative terms
9452:
9451:
9415:Physical therapy
9343:
9336:
9329:
9320:
9319:
9279:
9267:
9253:
9232:
9230:
9219:
9218:
9209:
9199:
9197:
9192:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9139:
9124:Rose SF (2017).
9113:
9092:
9045:Metzler, Irina.
9021:
8998:
8946:
8917:
8888:
8849:
8832:
8811:
8781:
8745:
8733:
8722:
8720:
8709:
8692:
8652:
8650:
8648:
8643:on June 12, 2011
8642:
8631:
8621:
8605:
8595:
8576:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8527:
8513:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8484:
8477:
8467:
8437:
8436:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8374:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8323:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8163:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8090:
8081:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8044:
8029:
8023:
8022:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7970:(7): 1369–1392.
7959:
7953:
7952:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7495:
7480:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7454:
7443:10.1037/a0026137
7422:
7416:
7415:
7405:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7364:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7321:
7315:
7314:
7278:
7272:
7271:
7261:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7196:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7155:
7137:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7019:
7013:
7012:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6967:
6936:
6930:Reeve D (2002).
6927:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6760:. Brazos Press.
6753:
6747:
6746:
6728:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6679:
6670:
6669:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6550:
6516:
6506:
6495:
6494:
6488:
6471:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6440:. Archived from
6417:
6411:
6410:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6339:(1st ed.).
6332:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6309:. Archived from
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6273:
6266:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6217:
6211:Reeve D (2004).
6208:
6199:
6198:
6193:Kafer A (2013).
6190:
6184:
6183:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6074:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6050:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6030:
5998:10.1037/a0020079
5983:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5957:
5951:. Archived from
5903:(4): 1260–1270.
5894:
5885:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5852:
5846:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5762:
5753:
5752:
5727:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5601:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5552:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5440:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5400:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5245:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5030:The Astana Times
5021:
5015:
5014:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:20.500.11815/760
4975:
4960:Social Inclusion
4951:
4945:
4944:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4735:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4640:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4578:on April 3, 2013
4574:. Archived from
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4488:
4482:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4450:10.1037/a0038636
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4417:on July 19, 2014
4413:. Archived from
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4387:on July 19, 2014
4380:The Manila Times
4371:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4133:Olkin R (2012).
4130:
4124:
4123:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4040:Kafer A (2013).
4037:
4031:
4030:
4015:Burch S (2009).
4012:
4006:
4005:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3941:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3746:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3724:. Archived from
3714:
3708:
3707:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3627:Ableist Rhetoric
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3529:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3076:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3005:Brown R (1994).
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2909:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2838:978-1-4798024-94
2795:Frailty syndrome
2770:Disability abuse
2607:Paralympic Games
2569:cultural capital
2446:
2443:
2425:
2418:
2305:Disabled villain
2246:Inspiration porn
2241:Inspiration porn
1965:Disability abuse
1937:social inclusion
1909:Political issues
1780:patients' rights
1698:bipolar disorder
1648:mental disorders
1540:In 2021, the US
1535:Deaf communities
1384:empowering model
1362:legitimacy model
1179:develop software
1019:bipolar disorder
993:
984:personal hygiene
892:Lennard J. Davis
802:
774:public discourse
766:Second World War
730:Adolphe Quetelet
515:
508:
501:
476:
475:
416:Paralympic Games
411:Special Olympics
280:Universal design
203:Pejorative terms
47:
46:
21:
11062:
11061:
11057:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11052:
11051:
11047:Social concepts
11032:
11031:
11030:
11025:
10952:
10933:Solomon Islands
10869:
10741:
10652:North Macedonia
10483:
10270:Burma (Myanmar)
10221:
9938:
9935:
9905:
9900:
9872:
9807:
9741:
9680:
9610:
9584:Activist groups
9579:
9533:
9512:
9476:
9443:
9383:
9352:
9347:
9303:
9246:
9245:
9234:
9228:
9226:
9223:This audio file
9220:
9213:
9204:
9201:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9187:
9174:
9172:
9163:
9136:
9081:
9018:
8965:(17): 1233–44.
8935:
8877:
8770:
8742:
8726:Bowe F (1978).
8718:
8707:
8681:
8659:
8657:Further reading
8646:
8644:
8640:
8629:
8618:
8603:
8592:
8565:
8531:
8529:
8528:on May 13, 2020
8525:
8510:
8488:
8486:
8482:
8475:
8464:
8446:
8441:
8440:
8417:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8393:
8392:
8388:
8349:(11): 788–797.
8335:
8331:
8321:
8319:
8311:
8310:
8306:
8296:
8294:
8286:
8285:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8260:
8259:
8255:
8245:
8243:
8233:
8229:
8219:
8217:
8207:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8181:
8177:
8138:(32): 882–887.
8124:
8120:
8110:
8108:
8093:Financial Times
8088:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8042:
8040:
8031:
8030:
8026:
7987:
7983:
7960:
7956:
7925:
7921:
7890:
7886:
7855:
7851:
7812:
7808:
7777:
7773:
7742:10.2307/4065213
7726:
7722:
7691:
7684:
7677:
7655:
7651:
7620:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7589:
7585:
7578:
7556:
7552:
7513:
7509:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7478:
7472:
7468:
7423:
7419:
7396:(11): 1065–78.
7382:
7378:
7341:
7337:
7322:
7318:
7279:
7275:
7222:
7218:
7173:
7169:
7114:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7064:
7060:
7045:
7020:
7016:
6989:Feminist Review
6985:
6981:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6934:
6928:
6924:
6895:
6891:
6860:
6856:
6805:
6801:
6791:
6789:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6768:
6754:
6750:
6743:
6729:
6725:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6652:
6648:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6602:
6598:
6567:
6563:
6555:
6514:
6507:
6498:
6486:
6480:
6469:
6461:
6457:
6447:
6445:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6362:
6358:
6351:
6333:
6326:
6316:
6314:
6307:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6215:
6209:
6202:
6191:
6187:
6180:
6166:
6162:
6152:
6150:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6085:(10): 1325–45.
6075:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6051:
6044:
6034:
6032:
6028:
5981:
5975:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5958:on May 12, 2013
5955:
5892:
5886:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5840:
5836:
5828:
5824:
5801:
5794:
5763:
5756:
5728:
5721:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5670:
5666:
5619:
5615:
5570:
5566:
5521:
5514:
5504:
5502:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5476:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5402:
5401:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5348:
5344:
5309:
5305:
5290:
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5224:
5222:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5182:
5178:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5128:
5126:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5082:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5053:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5022:
5018:
4995:
4991:
4952:
4948:
4925:
4909:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4709:
4705:
4666:
4662:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4489:
4485:
4480:Wayback Machine
4469:
4465:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4312:
4308:
4277:
4273:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4160:, pp. 5–6.
4156:
4152:
4145:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3955:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3881:(11): 197–218.
3867:
3863:
3856:
3834:
3830:
3826:, pp. 6–7.
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3739:Sobh T (2007).
3737:
3733:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3645:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3488:
3484:
3457:
3450:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3362:
3358:
3329:
3322:
3311:
3307:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3196:
3159:
3155:
3102:
3098:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2819:
2814:
2780:Disability flag
2755:
2739:
2730:
2718:
2706:
2693:
2684:
2672:
2650:
2638:Extremity Games
2589:
2583:
2578:
2544:
2514:
2481:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2431:needs expansion
2416:
2395:marginalization
2391:
2356:
2334:
2316:
2314:Disability Drop
2307:
2267:The Good Doctor
2255:
2243:
2226:
2220:
2194:
2150:
2137:
2129:disaster relief
2111:
2105:
2074:
2068:
2043:
2031:
2004:social security
1980:
1967:
1961:
1917:
1911:
1899:
1862:
1846:
1801:
1795:
1764:
1758:
1756:Rights movement
1753:
1714:
1690:
1623:
1617:
1599:
1573:
1563:handicap racing
1550:
1499:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1306:
1282:social deviance
1278:labeling theory
1270:
1255:Tom Shakespeare
1234:
1228:
1141:standing frames
1122:
1116:
1108:
991:
976:
956:
950:
900:
864:
856:
791:
633:hunter-gatherer
614:
596:marginalization
519:
488:
462:
461:
442:
432:
431:
430:
405:
395:
394:
365:
364:
348:
347:
344:
341:
299:
291:
290:
289:
255:Assisted living
227:
219:
218:
217:
177:
169:
168:
167:
147:
139:
138:
137:
100:
92:
91:
90:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Disabled people
15:
12:
11:
5:
11060:
11050:
11049:
11044:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10962:
10960:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10879:
10877:
10871:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10751:
10749:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10734:
10727:United Kingdom
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10542:Czech Republic
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10493:
10491:
10485:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10231:
10229:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9948:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9934:
9933:
9926:
9919:
9911:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9898:
9888:
9877:
9874:
9873:
9871:
9870:
9869:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9848:
9843:
9842:
9841:
9836:
9826:
9824:Disability art
9821:
9815:
9813:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9749:
9747:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9580:
9578:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9520:
9518:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9484:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9458:
9456:
9449:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9440:
9439:
9434:
9424:
9423:
9422:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9353:
9346:
9345:
9338:
9331:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9311:
9285:
9273:
9261:
9235:
9221:
9214:
9202:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9185:External links
9183:
9182:
9181:
9161:
9154:
9147:
9140:
9134:
9121:
9114:
9104:. Manchester.
9093:
9079:
9064:
9057:
9050:
9043:
9036:
9029:
9022:
9016:
8999:
8954:
8947:
8933:
8918:
8889:
8875:
8860:
8853:
8833:
8812:
8794:(1): 161–180.
8782:
8768:
8753:
8746:
8740:
8723:
8700:
8693:
8679:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8625:Yeo R (2005).
8622:
8616:
8596:
8590:
8577:
8563:
8538:
8514:
8508:
8495:
8468:
8462:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8411:
8386:
8329:
8304:
8279:
8266:www.abs.gov.au
8253:
8227:
8201:
8175:
8118:
8076:
8050:
8024:
7997:(5): 485–518.
7981:
7954:
7919:
7900:(7): 771–782.
7884:
7865:(2): 399–415.
7849:
7828:10.2307/591447
7822:(4): 557–580.
7806:
7787:(7): 888–891.
7771:
7736:(2): 174–189.
7720:
7701:(4): 194–202.
7682:
7675:
7649:
7636:10.1086/423352
7630:(2): 1557–87.
7614:
7583:
7576:
7550:
7529:10.1086/495558
7523:(4): 1263–68.
7507:
7466:
7417:
7376:
7335:
7316:
7273:
7236:(2): 513–531.
7216:
7187:(2): 200–214.
7167:
7108:
7083:
7076:
7058:
7043:
7014:
6979:
6945:(5): 493–508.
6922:
6889:
6870:(3): 385–403.
6854:
6819:(2): 542–546.
6799:
6773:
6766:
6748:
6741:
6723:
6694:(7347): 1223.
6671:
6664:
6646:
6621:
6614:
6596:
6561:
6496:
6478:
6455:
6412:
6405:
6387:
6356:
6349:
6324:
6305:
6285:
6250:
6228:
6200:
6185:
6178:
6160:
6130:
6104:
6069:
6057:
6042:
5992:(3): 211–220.
5969:
5873:
5847:
5834:
5822:
5811:(4): 344–354.
5792:
5754:
5719:
5707:
5664:
5633:(4): 583–606.
5613:
5584:(3): 212–217.
5564:
5512:
5486:
5460:
5427:
5420:
5392:
5367:
5360:
5342:
5323:(2): 114–127.
5303:
5288:
5268:
5232:
5202:
5176:
5136:
5103:
5073:
5047:
5032:. Kazakhstan.
5016:
4989:
4946:
4923:
4903:
4874:
4843:
4836:
4810:
4801:
4758:
4738:Disabled World
4722:
4703:
4676:(3): 197–201.
4660:
4615:
4589:
4563:
4537:
4530:
4518:Lum D (2010).
4510:
4483:
4463:
4428:
4398:
4366:
4363:. p. 195.
4347:
4321:
4306:
4271:
4236:
4227:
4201:
4186:
4174:
4162:
4150:
4143:
4125:
4118:
4108:Lum D (2010).
4100:
4073:
4047:
4032:
4025:
4007:
4000:
3982:
3953:
3912:
3861:
3854:
3828:
3816:
3790:
3764:
3757:
3731:
3709:
3702:
3684:
3658:
3643:
3617:
3591:
3579:
3562:
3550:
3521:
3509:
3502:
3482:
3448:
3421:
3400:
3385:
3378:
3356:
3320:
3305:
3290:
3283:
3250:
3243:
3225:
3194:
3153:
3116:(8): 450–454.
3096:
3067:(2): 429–450.
3047:
3040:
3022:
3015:
2997:
2966:
2941:
2929:
2880:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2717:
2714:
2705:
2704:United Kingdom
2702:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2668:
2649:
2646:
2642:extreme sports
2585:Main article:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2543:
2540:
2532:stigmatization
2513:
2510:
2480:
2477:
2449:
2448:
2428:
2426:
2415:
2412:
2390:
2387:
2355:
2352:
2346:John Merrick,
2333:
2330:
2321:Usual Suspects
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2273:, and others.
2254:
2251:
2242:
2239:
2219:
2216:
2193:
2192:Societal norms
2190:
2149:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2125:transportation
2107:Main article:
2104:
2101:
2087:Pieter Bruegel
2070:Main article:
2067:
2064:
2042:
2039:
2030:
2027:
1979:
1976:
1963:Main article:
1960:
1957:
1913:Main article:
1910:
1907:
1898:
1895:
1866:United Nations
1861:
1858:
1850:United Nations
1845:
1842:
1832:movement, and
1818:Stacey Milbern
1814:Patricia Berne
1797:Main article:
1794:
1791:
1760:Main article:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1744:neurodiversity
1713:
1710:
1689:
1686:
1619:Main article:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:text-to-speech
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1549:
1546:
1498:
1495:
1445:Main article:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1413:
1409:consumer model
1405:
1397:
1388:customer model
1380:
1377:economic model
1373:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1323:
1319:spectrum model
1315:
1305:
1302:
1269:
1266:
1230:Main article:
1227:
1224:
1118:Main article:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1031:cerebral palsy
988:medicalization
975:
972:
952:Main article:
949:
946:
941:
940:
937:
931:
928:
921:
918:
915:
899:
896:
863:
860:
855:
852:
613:
610:
566:United Nations
521:
520:
518:
517:
510:
503:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
487:
486:
481:
469:
464:
463:
460:
459:
454:
452:Disability art
449:
443:
438:
437:
434:
433:
429:
428:
426:Invictus Games
423:
418:
413:
407:
406:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
366:
363:
362:
359:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
338:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
314:Ticket to Work
311:
306:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
241:
240:
239:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
216:
215:
213:Women's health
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
155:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
130:
125:
123:Special school
120:
114:
113:
112:
107:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11059:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11039:
11037:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10963:
10961:
10959:
10958:South America
10955:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10872:
10866:
10865:United States
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10747:North America
10744:
10738:
10735:
10732:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10612:Liechtenstein
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10492:
10490:
10486:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10289:
10285:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10224:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10067:Guinea-Bissau
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9945:
9941:
9932:
9927:
9925:
9920:
9918:
9913:
9912:
9909:
9897:
9889:
9887:
9879:
9878:
9875:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9853:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9810:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9744:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9685:Social issues
9683:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9582:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9515:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9453:
9450:
9446:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9428:
9427:Special needs
9425:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9410:Mainstreaming
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9392:
9390:
9386:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9374:Medical model
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9344:
9339:
9337:
9332:
9330:
9325:
9324:
9321:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9306:
9301:
9297:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9283:
9278:
9274:
9271:
9266:
9262:
9260:at Wiktionary
9259:
9258:
9252:
9248:
9247:
9243:
9239:
9224:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9159:
9155:
9152:
9148:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9131:
9127:
9122:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9072:
9071:
9065:
9062:
9058:
9055:
9051:
9048:
9044:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9030:
9027:
9023:
9019:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8930:
8926:
8925:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8872:
8868:
8867:
8861:
8858:
8854:
8852:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8789:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8765:
8761:
8760:
8754:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8737:
8732:
8731:
8724:
8717:
8713:
8706:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8676:
8672:
8668:
8667:
8661:
8660:
8639:
8635:
8628:
8623:
8619:
8613:
8609:
8602:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8583:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8564:0-333-43293-2
8560:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8539:
8524:
8520:
8515:
8511:
8505:
8501:
8496:
8481:
8474:
8469:
8465:
8459:
8455:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8434:
8430:
8427:(3): 571–90.
8426:
8422:
8415:
8400:
8396:
8390:
8382:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8333:
8318:
8314:
8308:
8293:
8289:
8283:
8267:
8263:
8257:
8242:
8238:
8231:
8216:
8212:
8205:
8194:September 22,
8190:
8186:
8179:
8171:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8122:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8094:
8087:
8080:
8064:
8060:
8054:
8038:
8035:. oandp.com.
8034:
8028:
8020:
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8012:
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8000:
7996:
7992:
7985:
7977:
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7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
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7899:
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7868:
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7860:
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7833:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
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7798:
7794:
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7786:
7782:
7775:
7767:
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7747:
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7735:
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7724:
7716:
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7664:
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7629:
7625:
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7594:
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7579:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
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7546:
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7534:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7518:
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7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7421:
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7380:
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7320:
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7260:
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7182:
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7136:
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7097:
7093:
7087:
7079:
7073:
7070:. Routledge.
7069:
7062:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7018:
7010:
7006:
7002:
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6983:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6893:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
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6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
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6787:
6783:
6777:
6769:
6763:
6759:
6752:
6744:
6738:
6734:
6727:
6718:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6676:
6667:
6665:1-85331-042-5
6661:
6657:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6611:
6607:
6600:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6577:(3): 519–26.
6576:
6572:
6565:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6468:
6467:
6459:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6402:
6398:
6391:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6360:
6352:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6331:
6329:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6289:
6270:
6263:
6262:
6254:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6205:
6196:
6189:
6181:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6118:
6114:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6061:
6054:
6049:
6047:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6006:1969.1/153155
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5917:1969.1/153154
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5861:
5857:
5856:"Centro DÍBÁ"
5851:
5844:
5838:
5831:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5797:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5759:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5726:
5724:
5717:, p. 14.
5716:
5711:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5609:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5535:(3): 153–58.
5534:
5530:
5529:Int J Med Sci
5526:
5519:
5517:
5501:
5497:
5490:
5475:
5474:www.canada.ca
5471:
5464:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5363:
5361:92-2-115116-6
5357:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5272:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5236:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5191:
5187:
5180:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5080:
5078:
5062:
5058:
5051:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5005:(3): 355–63.
5004:
5000:
4993:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4907:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4839:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4726:
4718:
4714:
4713:Club Industry
4707:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4533:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4444:(3): 255–64.
4443:
4439:
4432:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4287:(5): 738–48.
4286:
4282:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4252:(2): 115–36.
4251:
4247:
4240:
4231:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4159:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3600:"76 FR 16977"
3595:
3588:
3583:
3577:, p. 12.
3576:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3440:
3437:(2): 447–48.
3436:
3432:
3425:
3410:
3404:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3240:
3237:. Routledge.
3236:
3229:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3041:0-8130-1273-2
3037:
3033:
3026:
3018:
3016:1-56164-032-8
3012:
3008:
3001:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2955:
2954:odpc.ucsf.edu
2951:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Disadvantaged
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Accessibility
2758:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2725:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2688:
2679:
2677:
2670:United States
2667:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:In 2006, the
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2442:February 2018
2436:
2432:
2429:This section
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:Intersections
2411:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:accessibility
2396:
2389:Self advocacy
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2311:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2157:, writing in
2156:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2100:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1891:sign language
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:Robert Davila
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:In 1976, the
1857:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:accessibility
1763:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:Accommodation
1591:
1590:paper ballots
1586:
1585:Accessibility
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:Accessibility
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1482:schizophrenia
1479:
1478:Down syndrome
1474:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:social action
1239:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1168:sign language
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:, accessible
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1083:schizophrenia
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
989:
985:
981:
971:
968:
966:
961:
960:medical model
955:
948:Medical model
945:
938:
936:
932:
929:
926:
922:
920:Communication
919:
916:
913:
912:
911:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
885:
884:Laura Hershey
881:
880:Johanna Hedva
877:
876:Robert McRuer
873:
872:Marta Russell
869:
859:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Nazi eugenics
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
747:
743:
737:
735:
734:l'homme moyen
731:
728:
724:
723:mathematician
720:
716:
711:
709:
708:normalization
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
651:
647:
645:
644:Ancient Egypt
640:
636:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
618:Enlightenment
609:
606:
602:
597:
592:
588:
586:
582:
581:medical model
576:
572:
570:
567:
562:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:developmental
531:
527:
516:
511:
509:
504:
502:
497:
496:
494:
493:
485:
482:
480:
471:
470:
468:
467:
466:
465:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
436:
435:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
399:
398:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
361:Organizations
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
343:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
295:
294:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
237:
233:
230:
229:
223:
222:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
193:Normalization
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
173:
172:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
143:
142:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
118:Special needs
116:
115:
111:
108:
106:
105:Mainstreaming
103:
102:
96:
95:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
76:Medical model
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10737:Vatican City
10459:Turkmenistan
10414:Saudi Arabia
10177:South Africa
10167:Sierra Leone
9972:Burkina Faso
9788:Anthropology
9778:Deaf studies
9768:Crip as verb
9646:Mobility aid
9606:Reach Canada
9379:Social model
9363:
9349:
9293:
9282:Disabilities
9272:at Wikiquote
9256:
9173:. Retrieved
9169:the original
9157:
9150:
9143:
9125:
9117:
9101:
9069:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9007:
9003:
8962:
8958:
8950:
8923:
8900:(3): 48–52.
8897:
8893:
8865:
8856:
8846:the original
8841:
8820:
8816:
8791:
8787:
8758:
8749:
8729:
8716:the original
8711:
8696:
8665:
8645:. Retrieved
8638:the original
8633:
8607:
8581:
8542:
8530:. Retrieved
8523:the original
8499:
8487:. Retrieved
8480:the original
8452:
8424:
8420:
8414:
8402:. Retrieved
8399:kostat.go.kr
8398:
8389:
8346:
8342:
8332:
8320:. Retrieved
8316:
8307:
8295:. Retrieved
8291:
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8265:
8256:
8244:. Retrieved
8240:
8230:
8218:. Retrieved
8214:
8204:
8192:. Retrieved
8188:
8178:
8135:
8131:
8121:
8109:. Retrieved
8092:
8079:
8067:. Retrieved
8053:
8041:. Retrieved
8027:
7994:
7990:
7984:
7967:
7963:
7957:
7935:(1): 77–95.
7932:
7928:
7922:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7862:
7858:
7852:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7784:
7780:
7774:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7698:
7694:
7658:
7652:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7605:. Retrieved
7596:
7591:WomenWatch.
7586:
7559:
7553:
7520:
7516:
7510:
7498:. Retrieved
7491:the original
7486:
7482:
7469:
7437:(1): 75–89.
7434:
7430:
7420:
7393:
7389:
7379:
7355:(1): 57–69.
7352:
7348:
7338:
7329:
7325:
7319:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7184:
7180:
7170:
7125:
7121:
7111:
7101:February 21,
7099:. Retrieved
7095:
7086:
7067:
7061:
7025:
7017:
6995:(1): 70–84.
6992:
6988:
6982:
6970:. Retrieved
6942:
6938:
6925:
6909:(2): 34–50.
6906:
6902:
6892:
6867:
6863:
6857:
6816:
6812:
6802:
6790:. Retrieved
6785:
6776:
6757:
6751:
6732:
6726:
6691:
6687:
6655:
6649:
6631:
6624:
6605:
6599:
6574:
6570:
6564:
6525:(1): 71–86.
6522:
6518:
6490:
6465:
6458:
6446:. Retrieved
6442:the original
6429:
6425:
6415:
6396:
6390:
6378:. Retrieved
6369:
6359:
6336:
6315:. Retrieved
6311:the original
6295:
6288:
6276:. Retrieved
6260:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6219:
6194:
6188:
6169:
6163:
6151:. Retrieved
6147:the original
6142:
6133:
6121:. Retrieved
6117:the original
6107:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6060:
6033:. Retrieved
5989:
5985:
5972:
5960:. Retrieved
5953:the original
5900:
5896:
5864:. Retrieved
5850:
5842:
5837:
5825:
5808:
5804:
5773:(1): 40–49.
5770:
5766:
5732:
5715:Russell 2019
5710:
5698:. Retrieved
5681:
5677:
5667:
5630:
5626:
5616:
5581:
5577:
5567:
5532:
5528:
5503:. Retrieved
5499:
5489:
5477:. Retrieved
5473:
5463:
5451:. Retrieved
5442:
5430:
5403:
5385:February 21,
5383:. Retrieved
5379:
5370:
5351:
5345:
5320:
5316:
5306:
5298:j.ctt14bs8th
5278:
5271:
5259:. Retrieved
5247:
5235:
5223:. Retrieved
5214:
5205:
5193:. Retrieved
5189:
5179:
5152:
5148:
5139:
5127:. Retrieved
5119:: Disability
5115:
5106:
5089:
5085:
5064:. Retrieved
5060:
5050:
5038:. Retrieved
5029:
5019:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4913:
4906:
4894:. Retrieved
4890:the original
4865:. Retrieved
4856:
4846:
4819:
4813:
4804:
4774:(5): 522–6.
4771:
4767:
4761:
4751:February 15,
4749:. Retrieved
4737:
4725:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4628:
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4592:
4580:. Retrieved
4576:the original
4566:
4554:. Retrieved
4540:
4520:
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4486:
4466:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4415:the original
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4385:the original
4378:
4369:
4356:
4350:
4338:. Retrieved
4324:
4315:
4309:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4230:
4218:. Retrieved
4204:
4199:, p. 7.
4177:
4172:, p. 6.
4165:
4153:
4134:
4128:
4109:
4103:
4091:. Retrieved
4087:the original
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4050:
4041:
4035:
4016:
4010:
3991:
3985:
3975:February 23,
3973:. Retrieved
3963:
3956:
3932:(2): 70–74.
3929:
3926:Med. Humanit
3925:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3878:
3874:
3864:
3837:
3831:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3767:
3742:
3734:
3726:the original
3721:
3712:
3693:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3661:
3626:
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3594:
3589:, p. 4.
3587:Russell 2019
3582:
3575:Donovan 2012
3560:, p. 5.
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3537:
3512:
3492:
3485:
3468:
3464:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3403:
3394:
3388:
3369:
3359:
3340:
3336:
3314:
3308:
3299:
3293:
3266:
3234:
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3207:
3197:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3031:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2980:infidels.org
2979:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:
2817:Bibliography
2740:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2694:
2685:
2673:
2651:
2648:Demographics
2635:
2623:
2604:
2552:intersection
2549:
2545:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2515:
2496:
2482:
2464:
2439:
2435:adding to it
2430:
2408:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2371:
2367:Forrest Gump
2365:
2359:
2357:
2338:
2335:
2320:
2317:
2308:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2227:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2185:
2180:Alison Kafer
2171:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2121:
2112:
2092:
2082:The Cripples
2080:
2058:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2018:physicians.
2016:
2008:
1981:
1972:
1968:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1930:
1900:
1863:
1847:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1765:
1730:
1715:
1691:
1682:unemployment
1676:
1644:fibromyalgia
1624:
1554:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1515:social model
1507:social model
1504:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1470:
1462:
1450:
1425:
1416:
1408:
1401:market model
1400:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1304:Other models
1295:
1275:
1271:
1259:
1235:
1226:Social model
1200:
1194:
1187:Voice Finger
1172:
1123:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1079:spina bifida
996:
977:
969:
957:
942:
901:
865:
857:
833:
810:
750:
738:
733:
715:statistician
712:
704:
688:institutions
668:
656:
641:
637:
629:spina bifida
622:
615:
593:
589:
585:social model
578:
574:
563:
538:intellectual
525:
524:
385:Visitability
334:Freedom Pass
260:Mobility aid
158:Occupational
86:Other models
81:Social model
50:
36:
10913:New Zealand
10850:Saint Lucia
10800:El Salvador
10712:Switzerland
10647:Netherlands
10429:South Korea
10399:Philippines
10379:North Korea
10235:Afghanistan
10182:South Sudan
9861:Paralympics
9856:Deaflympics
9666:Prosthetics
9357:Main topics
9288:‹ The
7607:October 24,
7332:(1): 60–80.
6153:January 29,
6123:January 29,
6053:Stough 2009
6035:January 31,
5962:January 31,
5700:January 18,
5684:(3): 1–19.
5479:February 8,
5453:January 29,
5380:The Hotline
5225:December 4,
5129:January 19,
5040:December 3,
4933:j.ctt1npkj3
4719:(5): 31–33.
4556:February 9,
4093:October 30,
3809:January 29,
3783:January 29,
3538:JSTOR Daily
3517:Oliver 1990
3471:: 212–213.
3208:LiveScience
2959:February 8,
2728:South Korea
2500:respect to
2370:(1994) and
2342:Quasimodo,
2278:Sami Schalk
2269:, Marvel's
2235:rhetorician
2131:personnel.
1941:citizenship
1885:. In 1984,
1559:Hand-in-cap
1533:Similarly,
1436:Terminology
1357:disability.
1327:moral model
1322:disability.
1293:of health.
1250:ideological
1153:large print
888:Irving Zola
825:Middle Ages
758:Nazi regime
719:sociologist
675:Black Death
671:Middle Ages
669:During the
635:community.
594:Due to the
561:in nature.
421:Deaflympics
275:Prosthetics
11042:Disability
11036:Categories
10903:Micronesia
10780:Costa Rica
10682:San Marino
10642:Montenegro
10622:Luxembourg
10469:Uzbekistan
10444:Tajikistan
10344:Kyrgyzstan
10334:Kazakhstan
10294:East Timor
10255:Bangladesh
10245:Azerbaijan
10162:Seychelles
10127:Mozambique
10112:Mauritania
10097:Madagascar
10052:The Gambia
9987:Cape Verde
9851:Parasports
9388:Approaches
9364:Disability
9350:Disability
9305:Disability
9270:Disability
9257:disability
9238:Audio help
9229:2009-04-20
9089:1280896670
8943:1310731470
8885:1244858584
8545:. London:
8532:August 11,
8489:August 11,
8404:October 8,
8322:October 5,
8297:October 5,
8272:October 5,
8246:October 5,
8220:October 5,
8111:August 14,
8069:January 8,
7122:The Lancet
7096:www.un.org
6792:October 8,
6684:"I Am Sam"
6635:(Thesis).
5261:August 27,
5066:October 7,
4966:(1): 1–8.
4896:August 11,
4491:Haller B.
4220:August 11,
4081:Kaplan D.
3905:January 8,
3677:August 11,
3610:January 9,
3543:October 8,
3343:(4): 232.
2844:References
2489:minorities
2459:pride flag
2326:Prosthesis
2172:Feminist,
2029:Employment
1931:Political
1874:Frank Bowe
1810:Mia Mingus
1335:congenital
1253:including
1145:telephones
1133:wheelchair
1129:prosthesis
1007:amputation
965:healthcare
935:employment
821:capitalism
746:freak show
727:astronomer
526:Disability
479:Disability
403:Parasports
51:Disability
11021:Venezuela
10966:Argentina
10883:Australia
10835:Nicaragua
10810:Guatemala
10617:Lithuania
10424:Sri Lanka
10419:Singapore
10394:Palestine
10304:Indonesia
10284:Hong Kong
10117:Mauritius
9798:Education
9793:Geography
9437:education
9400:Inclusion
9110:1046-9575
8979:0963-8288
8914:1468-0033
8829:1046-9575
8808:154605646
8363:0042-9686
8152:0149-2195
8101:0307-1766
7949:148904296
7914:144808946
7879:0022-2445
7801:144977018
7750:1079-0969
7715:144496704
7644:144603782
7545:144519468
7250:0009-3920
7211:150155324
7203:2332-6492
7144:0140-6736
7053:158400534
7009:143930177
6972:April 19,
6849:233314914
6833:0030-8129
6708:0959-8138
6591:146299487
6548:147281453
6539:1757-6458
6448:April 19,
6438:1461-8192
6380:April 19,
6278:April 19,
6243:April 19,
6099:146605276
6014:0090-5550
5941:641792335
5933:e34000503
5925:0009-3920
5787:145212407
5690:1552-9215
5649:0968-7599
5505:March 31,
5443:Telegraph
5337:1875-0672
5195:March 31,
4941:262432366
4655:231214034
4647:2581-6012
4608:April 12,
4582:April 12,
4503:April 27,
4361:Routledge
4266:169024657
3895:110716823
3653:242299440
3477:0081-0606
3218:August 7,
3189:0003-598X
3167:Antiquity
3130:0141-0768
3091:165868664
3083:0257-4152
2990:April 30,
2916:2376-6980
2873:April 24,
2849:Citations
2691:Australia
2631:Aylesbury
2572:succeed.
2271:Daredevil
2253:Supercrip
2198:revulsion
2103:Disasters
2006:systems.
1978:Insurance
1889:accepted
1834:Eli Clare
1746:movement.
1694:arthritis
1668:arthritis
1664:migraines
1660:allergies
1553:The term
1260:Some say
1149:keyboards
1023:blindness
1001:, the US
817:feudalism
762:Holocaust
664:Epidaurus
559:invisible
530:cognitive
188:Inclusion
99:Education
11011:Suriname
11001:Paraguay
10986:Colombia
10893:Kiribati
10820:Honduras
10790:Dominica
10765:Barbados
10697:Slovenia
10692:Slovakia
10667:Portugal
10527:Bulgaria
10449:Thailand
10389:Pakistan
10369:Mongolia
10364:Maldives
10359:Malaysia
10275:Cambodia
10217:Zimbabwe
10192:Tanzania
10042:Ethiopia
10037:Eswatini
10017:Djibouti
9982:Cameroon
9967:Botswana
9886:Category
9803:Journals
9783:Eugenics
9763:Bodymind
9570:Students
9517:Services
9290:template
9240: ·
9175:June 28,
8995:19377518
8987:18821191
8689:62778255
8647:June 19,
8573:59098076
8381:22084524
8170:30114005
8105:Archived
8063:Archived
8043:March 6,
8037:Archived
8011:32290790
7766:10395720
7601:Archived
7461:34621555
7371:16435331
7311:20946280
7303:11075694
7268:23895329
7162:28919117
6963:Archived
6959:17324956
6884:25524639
6841:25486181
6641:25949964
6553:Archived
6484:Archived
6374:Archived
6269:Archived
6234:Archived
6026:Archived
6022:20804264
5949:20636694
5860:Archived
5830:Yeo 2005
5749:26977937
5694:Archived
5608:16497865
5559:17554400
5447:Archived
5406:. 2003.
5252:Archived
5219:Archived
5123:Archived
5092:: 1–34.
5034:Archived
4867:April 1,
4861:Archived
4796:45821626
4788:16874128
4742:Archived
4698:46766567
4690:12545588
4602:Archived
4550:Archived
4497:Archived
4476:Archived
4458:25642702
4421:July 15,
4391:July 15,
4340:July 29,
4334:Archived
4214:Archived
4066:March 6,
3969:Archived
3948:21393285
3899:Archived
3803:Archived
3777:Archived
3671:Archived
3604:Archived
3212:Archived
2984:Archived
2924:27780027
2753:See also
2611:Olympics
2561:economic
2398:lack of
2376:(2001).
2373:I Am Sam
2364:(1988),
2361:Rain Man
2276:Scholar
2212:marginal
1925:Iraq War
1838:bodymind
1830:Krip Hop
1740:infinity
1656:epilepsy
1606:or on a
1555:handicap
1548:Handicap
1456:and the
1246:cultural
1183:hardware
1164:software
1137:curb cut
1077:(PTSD),
1047:HIV/AIDS
1043:epilepsy
1039:diabetes
1035:deafness
1013:(ADHD),
967:policy.
780:between
742:eugenics
583:and the
546:physical
153:Physical
11016:Uruguay
10991:Ecuador
10971:Bolivia
10948:Vanuatu
10875:Oceania
10825:Jamaica
10805:Grenada
10760:Bahamas
10722:Ukraine
10672:Romania
10632:Moldova
10592:Ireland
10587:Iceland
10582:Hungary
10572:Germany
10567:Georgia
10557:Finland
10552:Estonia
10547:Denmark
10532:Croatia
10517:Belgium
10512:Belarus
10507:Austria
10502:Andorra
10497:Albania
10474:Vietnam
10354:Lebanon
10250:Bahrain
10240:Armenia
10202:Tunisia
10172:Somalia
10157:Senegal
10142:Nigeria
10132:Namibia
10122:Morocco
10087:Liberia
10082:Lesotho
10032:Eritrea
10002:Comoros
9977:Burundi
9952:Algeria
9538:Support
9292:below (
9227: (
9198:minutes
8851:Alt URL
8444:Sources
8372:3209727
8161:6095650
7844:1838293
7758:4065213
7537:3175525
7452:8494429
7412:9827312
7259:4151611
7153:5605509
6717:1123184
6370:Ramp up
5866:May 10,
5845:, 2011.
5599:2078149
5550:1885553
5171:6893494
5162:1422742
4631:: 1–7.
4301:2974883
3801:. W3C.
3775:. W3C.
3414:June 7,
3148:9307002
3139:1296463
2066:Poverty
1927:in 2005
1915:Ableism
1604:braille
1386:(also,
1365:viable.
1173:As the
1157:braille
1143:, text
1073:(OCD),
700:prisons
696:clinics
692:asylums
612:History
601:ableist
550:sensory
440:Culture
390:WeThe15
234: (
146:Therapy
10996:Guyana
10976:Brazil
10943:Tuvalu
10840:Panama
10830:Mexico
10775:Canada
10770:Belize
10717:Turkey
10707:Sweden
10687:Serbia
10677:Russia
10662:Poland
10657:Norway
10637:Monaco
10607:Latvia
10602:Kosovo
10577:Greece
10562:France
10537:Cyprus
10489:Europe
10454:Turkey
10439:Taiwan
10409:Russia
10339:Kuwait
10329:Jordan
10319:Israel
10265:Brunei
10260:Bhutan
10212:Zambia
10207:Uganda
10147:Rwanda
10102:Malawi
10062:Guinea
9957:Angola
9944:Africa
9455:Rights
9432:school
9309:Curlie
9295:Curlie
9132:
9108:
9087:
9077:
9014:
8993:
8985:
8977:
8941:
8931:
8912:
8883:
8873:
8827:
8806:
8776:
8766:
8738:
8687:
8677:
8614:
8588:
8571:
8561:
8506:
8460:
8395:"문서뷰어"
8379:
8369:
8361:
8317:GOV.UK
8292:GOV.UK
8168:
8158:
8150:
8099:
8019:185966
8017:
8009:
7947:
7912:
7877:
7842:
7836:591447
7834:
7799:
7764:
7756:
7748:
7713:
7673:
7642:
7574:
7543:
7535:
7500:May 3,
7459:
7449:
7410:
7369:
7309:
7301:
7266:
7256:
7248:
7209:
7201:
7160:
7150:
7142:
7074:
7051:
7041:
7007:
6957:
6882:
6847:
6839:
6831:
6764:
6739:
6714:
6706:
6662:
6639:
6612:
6589:
6545:
6537:
6476:
6436:
6403:
6347:
6317:May 3,
6303:
6226:
6176:
6097:
6020:
6012:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5923:
5785:
5747:
5688:
5647:
5606:
5596:
5557:
5547:
5418:
5358:
5335:
5296:
5286:
5169:
5159:
4939:
4931:
4921:
4834:
4794:
4786:
4696:
4688:
4653:
4645:
4528:
4456:
4299:
4264:
4141:
4116:
4023:
3998:
3946:
3893:
3852:
3755:
3700:
3651:
3641:
3500:
3475:
3376:
3281:
3241:
3187:
3146:
3136:
3128:
3089:
3081:
3038:
3013:
2922:
2914:
2836:
2826:
2682:Canada
2567:, and
2565:social
2512:Gender
2298:cyborg
2218:Tropes
2176:, Crip
2089:, 1568
1933:rights
1887:UNESCO
1816:, and
1772:safety
1670:, and
1652:asthma
1207:Nuance
1159:, and
1081:, and
1027:cancer
1015:autism
974:Causes
854:Theory
829:worker
778:incest
754:deport
725:, and
698:, and
639:gods.
605:tropes
542:mental
477:
358:Groups
163:Speech
10981:Chile
10938:Tonga
10928:Samoa
10918:Palau
10908:Nauru
10815:Haiti
10702:Spain
10627:Malta
10597:Italy
10479:Yemen
10434:Syria
10404:Qatar
10374:Nepal
10324:Japan
10299:India
10288:Macau
10280:China
10187:Sudan
10137:Niger
10092:Libya
10077:Kenya
10057:Ghana
10047:Gabon
10022:Egypt
9962:Benin
9896:Lists
9601:MINDS
9006:[
8991:S2CID
8804:S2CID
8774:JSTOR
8719:(PDF)
8708:(PDF)
8641:(PDF)
8630:(PDF)
8604:(PDF)
8526:(PDF)
8483:(PDF)
8476:(PDF)
8007:S2CID
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