Disability rights movement

1490: 1572:, the lead investigator) called "ANSI A117.1, Making Buildings Accessible to and Usable by the Physically Handicapped", provides the indisputable proof that the barriers exist. The standard is the outcome of physical therapists, bio-mechanical engineers, and individuals with disabilities who developed and participated in over 40 years of research. The standard provides the criteria for modifying programs and the physical site to provide independence. The standard has been emulated globally since its introduction in Europe, Asia, Japan, Australia, and Canada, in the early 1960s. 1405:

providers, failure to provide adequate nutrition, clothing, and/or medical and mental health care, and/or failure to provide a clean and safe living environment, as well as other issues which pose a serious threat to the physical and psychological well-being of a person with a disability. Violations of patients' rights include failure to obtain informed consent for treatment, failure to maintain the confidentiality of treatment records, and inappropriate restriction of the right to communicate and associate with others, as well as other restrictions of rights.

1654:, that led to the release of regulations pursuant to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. On April 5, 1977, activists began to demonstrate and some sat-in in the offices found in ten of the federal regions including New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Atlanta. One of the most noteworthy protests occurred in San Francisco. The protesters demanded the signing of regulations for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.The successful sit-in was led by 1783:, civil commitment laws and eligibility for intervention exist only in the instance when the person is ruled an immediate danger to themself or others. The difficulty of proving "immediate danger" has led to the unexpected outcome that it is harder to commit mentally ill patients to hospital and easier to send them to prison. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, about 15% male inmates and 30% female inmates have some kind of serious mental illness which remains untreated. 1635:, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." The act also specifies money that can be allocated to help disabled people receive training for the work force as well as to assist in making sure that they can then reach work without running into inaccessibility problems. This was the first civil rights law guaranteeing equal opportunity for people with disabilities. 1691:

university, which was dedicated to the education of people who are Deaf, had never had a Deaf president, someone representative of them. Of the protesters' four demands, the main one was the resignation of the current president and the appointment of a Deaf one. The demonstration consisted of about 2,000 student and nonstudent participants. The protests took place on campus, in government buildings, and in the streets. In the end, all the students' demands were met and

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Care Scheme in 1992 and helping to convince the federal government to establish the Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability in 2019. Similar protests outside state parliaments have fed into campaigns for improved rights and funding, leading to improvements in supported accommodation in New South Wales in 1994 and continued support for Queensland disability advocacy services in 2021.

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disabilities to self-articulate their needs and generate their own solutions and analyses. Instead of passive participation, which is participation by being told what to do or what has been done, this approach proposes to allow this group to be self-sufficient and make their own decisions. Barriers to this include defining who is a self-sufficient individual with a disability, circling back to the concept of self-determination.

3739: 1707:" for workers with disabilities and not discriminate against otherwise qualified workers with disabilities, and that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores not discriminate against people with disabilities and that they make reasonable modifications to ensure access for disabled members of the public. The act also mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas of public life. 1670:, held a sit-in and blockade of the Denver Regional Transit Authority buses in 1978. They were protesting the fact that city's transit system was completely inaccessible for physically disabled people. This action proved to be just the first in a series of civil disobedience demonstrations that lasted for a year until the Denver Transit Authority finally bought buses equipped with wheelchair lifts. In 1983, 5738: 1178: 1076: 1063: 1568:

access. An example of barriers are; providing only steps to enter buildings; lack of maintenance of walkways; locations not connected with public transit; lack of visual and hearing communications ends up segregating individuals with disabilities from independent, participation, and opportunities. The ANSI - Barrier Free Standard (phrase coined by

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must organize themselves for political power. Besides de-professionalization and self-representation, the independent living movement's ideology comprises de-medicalization of disability, de-institutionalization and cross-disability (i.e. inclusion in the independent living movement regardless of diagnoses). Similarly, the

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it more difficult to be the best expert of their own needs, hindering their ability to self-advocate as their wheelchair-using counterparts could. Self-representation was much more difficult for those who could not articulate their thoughts, leading to their dependence on others to carry on the movement.

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was responsible for another civil disobedience campaign also in Denver that lasted seven years. They targeted the American Public Transport Association in protest of inaccessible public transportation; this campaign ended in 1990 when bus lifts for people using wheelchairs were required nationwide by

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was passed in 1968, mandating that federally constructed buildings and facilities be accessible to people with physical disabilities. This act is generally considered to be the first ever-federal disability rights legislation. Unfortunately for those with cognitive disabilities, their disability made

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Beginning in 1981, the International Year of the Disabled Person, campaigners targeted beauty pageants such as the Miss Australia Quest in order to, in the words of activist Leslie Hall, "challenge the notion of beauty" and "reject the charity ethic." High profile demonstrations led to some charities

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are created by people who see only disability when associating with people with disabilities in some way. These attitudinal barriers can be witnessed through bullying, discrimination, and fear. These barriers include low expectations of people with disabilities. These barriers contribute to all other

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in order to promote equal treatment and challenge stereotypes. It was at this time that disability rights advocacy began to have a cross-disability focus. People with different kinds of disabilities (physical and mental disabilities, along with visual and hearing disabilities) and different essential

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and drafting legislation for mental health care. He also created the President's Panel on Mental Retardation, which created recommendations for new programs that governments can implement on a state level, therefore moving away from "custodial institutions". This shift away from institutionalization

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finally signed on April 28, 1977. This protest was significant not only because its goal was achieved, but also because it was the foremost concerted effort between people of different disabilities coming together in support of legislation that affected the overall disability population, rather than

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and other wheelchair-using individuals. This movement, a subset of the disability rights movement, postulates that people with disabilities are the best experts on their needs, and therefore they must take the initiative, individually and collectively, in designing and promoting better solutions and

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In 1948, a watershed for the movement was the proof of the existence of physical and program barriers. The proof was provided as a specification for barrier free usable facilities for people with disabilities. The specifications provided the minimum requirements for barrier free physical and program

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Another issue is the continued dehumanization of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, which prompted the slogan People First, still used as a rallying cry and a common organizational name in the self advocacy movement. Self advocates are also involved in the "R-Word" Campaign, in

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such as churches believe in helping persons with disabilities with nothing in return. On the other hand, another approach is a participatory, symbiotic relationship, which include methods like professional development and resource provisions. More specifically, one approach is to allow persons with

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in the United States was held in Boston in 1990. A second Disability Pride March was held in Boston in 1991. There were no subsequent Disability Pride Marches/Parades for many years, until Chicago on Sunday, July 18, 2004. It was funded with $ 10,000 in seed money that Sarah Triano received in 2003

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self-determination" with free will. Because this highlights the concept of free and autonomous choice, one argument is that any government interference deters self-determination, thus leaving it to persons with disabilities to seek out any help they need from charities and nonprofit organizations.

1747:. The exhibition was designed for maximum accessibility. Web-based kiosks - prototypes for a version that will eventually be available to museums and other cultural institutions - provided alternate formats to experience the exhibition. The exhibition was open from July 6, 2000, to July 23, 2001. 1431:

In 1978 protests outside Australia's Parliament House in Canberra helped force the government to rescind taxes on government payments to people with disability. Demonstrations inside and outside parliament since been held regarding various issues, leading to an expansion of the National Attendant

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became law, and it provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities. Closely modeled after the Civil Rights Act and Section 504, the law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in American history. It mandated that local, state, and federal governments and

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Freedom from abuse, neglect, and violations of a person's rights are also important goals of the disability rights movement. Abuse and neglect includes inappropriate seclusion and restraint, inappropriate use of force by staff and/or providers, threats, harassment and/or retaliation by staff or

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Disability rights is complex because there are multiple ways in which a person with a disability can have their rights violated in different socio-political, cultural, and legal contexts. For example, a common barrier that individuals with disabilities face deals with employment. Specifically,

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include many laws, policies, practices, or strategies that discriminate against people with disabilities. For example, a study of five Southeast Asian countries found that electoral laws do not specially protect the political rights of persons with disabilities, while "some banks do not allow

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students in Washington, D.C., in March 1988. The eight-day (March 6 – March 13) demonstration and occupation and lock-out of the school began when the Board of Trustees appointed a new hearing President, Elisabeth Zinser, over two Deaf candidates. The students' primary grievance was that the

1013:'s refusal to be publicized in a position of vulnerability demonstrated and symbolized the existing stigma surrounding disabilities. While campaigning, giving speeches, or acting as a public figure, he hid his disability. This perpetuated the ideology that "disability equates to weakness". 1786:

Another ongoing debate is how to cultivate self-determination for persons with disabilities. The common article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights asserts that "All peoples have the right to

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for persons with disabilities versus fighting for equitable treatment. According to a 1992 polling organization, many fear that integrating people with disabilities into the workplace may affect their company image, or it may result in decreased productivity. This coincides with the 1992

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visually disabled people to open accounts, and HIV testing centers often refuse to accept sign language interpreters due to confidentiality policies". Restrictive laws exist in some countries, particularly affecting people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities.

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Disability in the United States was viewed as a personal issue, and not many political or governmental organizations existed to support individuals in these groups. In the 1950s, there was a transition to volunteerism and parent-oriented organizations, such as the

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in the 1960s, the largest focus of the movement has been to get people with I/DD out of institutions and into the community. Another main focus is ensuring that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are in integrated workplaces that pay at least

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Access to public areas such as city streets, public buildings, and restrooms are some of the more visible changes brought about in recent decades to remove physical barriers. A noticeable change in some parts of the world is the installation of

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Other barriers include: internalised barriers (low expectations of people with disabilities can undermine their confidence and aspirations), inadequate data and statistics, lack of participation and consultation of disabled people.

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in order to protect employees and employers. Today, disability rights advocates continue protecting those who are discriminated against, including work towards issues like law enforcement and treatment of people with disabilities.

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rather than a disorder to be cured. The autism rights movement advocates for several goals, including greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that focus on coping skills rather than imitating the behaviors of

1037:(ADA) was passed, legally prohibiting discrimination on account of disability, and mandating disability access in all buildings and public areas. The ADA is historically significant in that it defined the meaning of 1738:

opened an exhibition that examined the history of activism by people with disabilities, their friends, and families to secure the civil rights guaranteed to all Americans. Objects on view included the pen President

645: 1509:(DDA 1995) was passed. This made it unlawful in the United Kingdom to discriminate against people with disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport. The 992:, and from other rights violations. Disability activists are working to break institutional, physical, and societal barriers that prevent people with disabilities from living their lives like other citizens. 1600:

became law; Sections 501, 503, and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds. Key language in the Rehabilitation Act, found in

2938: 3727: 3340: 1021:. While this was the beginning of activism and seeking support for these groups, children with disabilities were largely hidden by their parents out of fear of forced rehabilitation. When the 1518: 5905: 4728: 1439:

Following a long nationwide campaign involving hundreds of thousands of people the National Disability Insurance Scheme was introduced in Australia in 2013 to fund a number of supports.

1066: 5941: 3427: 2431: 1310:. This perspective is distinct from two other views: the medical perspective, that autism is caused by a genetic defect and should be addressed by targeting the autism gene(s), and 3728: 2392: 3034: 192: 1643: 996:

employers are often unwilling or unable to provide the necessary accommodations to enable individuals with disabilities to effectively carry out their job functions.

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As a result of the work done through the disability rights movement, significant disability rights legislation was passed in the 1970s through the 1990s in the U.S.

5217: 5921: 3073:"The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley" 1451: 1417: 1299:

peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a

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National campaigns by groups such as Every Australian Counts have since been launched to extend the scheme and protect it from cuts and restrictions on access.

4278: 3314: 1536:. A wide range of benefit changes are estimated to affect disabled people disproportionately and to compromise disabled people's right to independent living. 1246:. Many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are put under guardianship and are not allowed to make their own decisions about their lives. 6034: 5931: 1828: 1474: 1051: 1094:

suggests disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person's impairment. This model suggests barriers in society are created by

2332: 1929: 1667: 719: 1658:.The first day of protests marked the first of a 25-day sit-in. Close to 120 disability activists and protesters occupied the HEW building, and Secretary 4481: 1823: 5962: 1556: 1461:

became law. This is the first national Canadian legislation on accessibility that affects all government departments and federally regulated agencies.

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regularly deal with implicit discrimination due to their inability to distinguish certain colors. A system of geometrically shaped code signs known as

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Autism rights or neurodiversity advocates believe that the autism spectrum is primarily genetic and should be accepted as a natural expression of the

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has generated a long-lasting stigma against mental health institutions, which is why in politics there is often not enough funding for this concept.

3072: 4432: 1716: 1651: 2148: 3615: 3204: 4353: 3322:. Office of the Chief Medical Officer. Rockville MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2019. p. 8. Archived from 3363: 2270: 5936: 3125:"Concord Special Education Parent Advisory Committee website, article title Concord Special Education Parent Advisory Committee, Section 504" 1838: 1470: 3098: 5000: 3445: 2435: 502: 1360:, if the individual wishes, is a major goal of the disability rights movement, and is the main goal of the similar independent living and 5774: 4970: 4574: 4116: 3267: 2363: 329: 3173: 2554:. Special Olympics. The Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation for the Benefit of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. 2008. Archived from 2055: 6125: 4263: 1764:, which stated that employers should look to implement equity without having an official quota system. This remains an ongoing debate. 17: 2248: 1436:

abandoning their use of such contests for fundraising and also saw some remove offensive language from their organisational titles.

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An additional debate is between institutionalizing persons with disabilities versus supporting them in their homes. In 1963 during

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American disability rights have evolved significantly over the past century. Before the disability rights movement, President

5741: 4268: 4001: 3661: 3651: 3635: 3606: 3590: 3574: 3562: 3557: 3543: 3529: 3515: 3280: 2764: 2727: 2107: 1602: 5993: 4776: 4091: 3913: 3671: 1510: 579: 293: 3447:

Healthy People 2020 Roadmap for Massachusetts Children & Youth with ASD/DD: Understanding Needs and Measuring Outcomes

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which they try to eliminate the use of the word "retard". Self advocates successfully advocated to change the name of

6329: 4638: 4469: 3965: 3943: 2804: 2191: 2063: 584: 473: 3323: 1396:. Access in the classroom has helped improve education opportunities and independence for people with disabilities. 5828: 5375: 5212: 5112: 4569: 4459: 2641: 2589: 1922: 1372:

disorders. These movements have supported people with disabilities to live as more active participants in society.

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Vega, Eugenio (2022) Crónica del siglo de la peste. Pandemias, discapacidad y diseño. Madrid, Experimenta Libros.

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barriers. Attitudes towards people with disabilities in low and middle-income countries can be even more extreme.

551: 541: 6355: 6145: 6089: 4101: 3254:

Health Care Transition: Building A Program for Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Illness and Disability

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The movement is controversial. A common criticism against autistic activists is that the majority of them are "

364: 221: 4243: 3174:"The Inaugural International Disability Pride Parade Unified in Pride Sunday, July 18, 2004 Chicago, Illinois" 2233: 1473:

is the disability legislation passed by the Indian Parliament to fulfill its obligation to the United Nations

6196: 5957: 5833: 5644: 5360: 4081: 2752: 1853: 1116: 177: 152: 3666:

Williamson, Bess (2019). Accessible America. A History of Disability and Design. New York University Press.

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Civil Commitment and the Mental Health Care Continuum: Historical Trends and Principles for Law and Practice

2508: 2410: 6201: 5998: 4923: 4871: 3852: 3822: 1161:, and the elimination of unnecessary steps where ramps and elevators are not available, allowing people in 1083: 556: 298: 2315: 2249:"Reassignment Under the American Disabilities Act: Reasonable Accommodation, Affirmative Action, or Both?" 6003: 5978: 5807: 5555: 5407: 4826: 4427: 4373: 3796: 3076: 1873: 1868: 1772: 1576: 702: 697: 546: 488: 313: 308: 65: 6350: 6272: 6064: 5812: 5760: 5664: 4449: 4136: 3867: 2159: 1893: 1597: 1392:, enabling people to work jobs they could not have previously, help create access to jobs and economic 1091: 574: 225: 70: 3208: 2314:. London & Glasgow: Department for International Development (DFID). February 2000. Archived from 2149:"Reasonable Accommodation as Professional Responsibility, Reasonable Accommodation as Professionalism" 1479:

Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995

5988: 5843: 5017: 4831: 4733: 4618: 4285: 4253: 3923: 3857: 3763: 3035:"Where We Came From: A Brief History of the Disability Rights Movement and Disability Discrimination" 2995: 1365: 1186: 865: 318: 112: 94: 2551: 1999: 6165: 6140: 5277: 5165: 5012: 4781: 4718: 4546: 4501: 4363: 4248: 4230: 4166: 4096: 3980: 3402: 1898: 1888: 1711: 1704: 1489: 1251: 1226: 1038: 197: 6279: 6226: 6221: 6150: 5731: 5560: 5540: 5402: 5392: 5350: 4980: 4821: 4683: 4653: 4648: 4591: 4526: 4511: 4444: 4417: 4402: 3815: 3697: 3110: 1878: 1848: 1788: 1732: 1529: 1525: 1322: 1222: 1192: 942: 446: 4628: 3421:"Citizenship and disabled people: A scoping paper prepared for the Disability Rights Commission" 2287: 6262: 6155: 5659: 5632: 5622: 5102: 5082: 4945: 4816: 4713: 4663: 4633: 4613: 4541: 4521: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4397: 4368: 4341: 4317: 4312: 3908: 3898: 3364:"The Right to Self-Determination in International Politics: Six Theories in Search of a Policy" 2663:"Autism as a natural human variation: reflections on the claims of the neurodiversity movement" 2662: 1575:

One of the most important developments of the disability rights movement was the growth of the

1330: 1263: 1234: 1098:. When barriers are removed, people with disabilities can be independent and equal in society. 785: 436: 2371: 2219: 1719:. According to Triano, 1,500 people attended the parade. Yoshiko Dart was the parade marshal. 5853: 5627: 5587: 5520: 5417: 5365: 5292: 5047: 4811: 4723: 4698: 4693: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4608: 4556: 4516: 4422: 4392: 4295: 3918: 3177: 1584: 1458: 1022: 1010: 870: 810: 670: 665: 600: 187: 2211: 6186: 6170: 6135: 6069: 5498: 5032: 4906: 4623: 4581: 4531: 4506: 4327: 4290: 4031: 3893: 3759: 2482: 2099: 1687: 1533: 1357: 1026: 934: 909: 845: 729: 640: 625: 620: 610: 239: 147: 75: 3786: 8: 6319: 5838: 5674: 5535: 5170: 5072: 5052: 4841: 4749: 4708: 4688: 4658: 4551: 4346: 4161: 3625: 3269:

Achieving Equal Employment Opportunities for People with Disabilities through Legislation

2897:"Bedroom tax protesters deliver letters on devastating effect on disabled people's lives" 1771:'s presidency, he transformed the national view of mental health by boosting funding for 1494: 1389: 1200: 860: 840: 780: 714: 615: 468: 122: 1233:

as other people and that they are treated like human beings. Since the formation of the

6252: 6074: 5802: 5447: 5442: 5432: 5380: 5370: 5345: 5287: 5245: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5057: 4358: 3641: 3596: 3580: 3485: 3474:"Participatory Action Research and People with Disabilities: Principles and Challenges" 3394: 3386: 2946: 2793: 2717: 2698: 2129: 2113: 2089: 1981: 1761: 1756: 1683: 1540: 1353: 1346: 1243: 1115:

inaccessible environments, natural or built, create disability by creating barriers to

977: 880: 875: 805: 749: 707: 680: 429: 55: 31: 2393:"Accessible Elections for persons with disabilities in five Southeast Asian countries" 1968: 1951: 6206: 6109: 6059: 5870: 5706: 5617: 5545: 5530: 5329: 5272: 5077: 4985: 4876: 4796: 4643: 3948: 3667: 3657: 3647: 3631: 3602: 3586: 3570: 3553: 3539: 3525: 3511: 3473: 3398: 3276: 3106: 2962: 2954: 2800: 2770: 2760: 2733: 2723: 2690: 2682: 2212: 2187: 2133: 2121: 2103: 1973: 1740: 1505:, following extensive activism by people with disabilities over several decades, the 1326: 973: 969: 938: 885: 850: 835: 754: 739: 687: 660: 274: 234: 117: 2702: 1985: 6299: 6294: 6191: 6104: 5848: 5669: 5654: 5582: 5503: 5473: 5304: 5140: 4846: 4412: 4407: 4258: 4156: 3791: 3378: 2674: 2095: 1963: 1903: 1543:

created by Evan Mitchell OBE will provide legal recognition to people living with

1514: 981: 830: 405: 400: 269: 142: 3801: 3230: 6008: 5684: 5592: 5488: 5437: 5297: 5282: 5262: 5227: 4940: 4851: 4786: 4586: 4536: 4322: 4181: 3643:

The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-Determination

3619: 2645: 2526: 2457: 2027:"The Global Disability Rights Movement: Winning Power, Participation, and Access" 1843: 1833: 1768: 1659: 1342: 1311: 1287: 1279: 1273: 1154: 902: 855: 825: 795: 790: 692: 244: 3124: 3009: 1481:. It came into effect on 28 December 2016. This law recognizes 21 disabilities. 6257: 5865: 5679: 5637: 5607: 5597: 5515: 5508: 5493: 5483: 5319: 5255: 5197: 5192: 5177: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4836: 4771: 4300: 4273: 4126: 3838: 2939:"Limited life chances of disabled people in Britain revealed by damning report" 2179: 1809: 1692: 1655: 1569: 1502: 1300: 1283: 1267: 1166: 1079: 1018: 820: 800: 744: 441: 415: 303: 3382: 3103:

Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management

2737: 2678: 2056:"Abuse, Neglect and Patient Rights by the Disability Rights Wisconsin website" 1054:, specifically discussing indigenous people with disabilities (Lockwood 146). 6344: 6094: 5860: 5691: 5314: 5250: 5235: 5097: 5062: 5042: 4913: 4856: 4791: 4203: 4106: 3489: 2958: 2950: 2921:

Limited life chances of disabled people in Britain revealed by damning report

2686: 2125: 1544: 1369: 1361: 1242:. In the US, it is still legal to pay people with I/DD below minimum wage in 1216: 1207:, in 2010 to indicate colours to people who have difficulty discerning them. 961: 960:, around the world working together with similar goals and demands, such as: 815: 605: 259: 107: 2966: 2774: 1818: 1532:, disability activists have played a significant role in the development of 6211: 6079: 6039: 5525: 5412: 5240: 5207: 5187: 5117: 5107: 5087: 5067: 4703: 4601: 4596: 4332: 4307: 4171: 4111: 4076: 4046: 2924: 2694: 2117: 1977: 1908: 1393: 1307: 1296: 1239: 1230: 764: 759: 724: 655: 650: 635: 565: 374: 323: 249: 3567:

Crippled Justice: The History of Modern Disability Policy in the Workplace

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In 1978 disability rights activists in Denver, Colorado, organized by the

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was created from a revision of this article dated 20 April 2009

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programs be accessible, that employers with more than 15 employees make "

1291: 410: 3390: 3010:"'World-leading' Down's syndrome bill clears first hurdle in Parliament" 2638: 2581: 6284: 6099: 5797: 5783: 5701: 5696: 5577: 5572: 5468: 5452: 5309: 5202: 5160: 5122: 4930: 4918: 4891: 4881: 4801: 4220: 4215: 4186: 4121: 3970: 1744: 1647: 1639: 1580: 1385: 1162: 946: 392: 264: 40: 2483:"Real Work for Real Pay: A Self Advocate's Guide to Employment Policy" 6084: 5602: 5550: 5267: 4866: 3996: 3627:

No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement

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What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement

2757:

Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties, pp. 25–45

6216: 5567: 5397: 5324: 4975: 4901: 4806: 4766: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4066: 4061: 4006: 2872:"Lessons from the Campaign to Stop Independent Assessments Webinar" 1204: 1196: 1158: 1150: 1146: 5942:

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

1803: 526: 5895: 4071: 3975: 3955: 3928: 3903: 3807: 3804:

An online exhibition from the National Museum of American History

2847:"The History of Campaigns in Australia by People With Disability" 1682:

Another significant protest related to disability rights was the

1315: 1165:

and with other mobility disabilities to use public sidewalks and

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Disability Awareness - do it right! Your all-in-one how-to guide

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individual in the United States, shall, solely by reason of his

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provides support for this Act. Equivalent legislation exists in

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have also been a major focus of the disability rights movement.

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The Defining Moment: FDR's Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope

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movements, which are most strongly associated with people with

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in architecture, transportation, and the physical environment;

965: 518: 3233:. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution 3205:"Disability Pride Fast Becoming Genuine Cause for Celebration" 2271:"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)" 1524:

Following the introduction of the Bedroom Tax (officially the

1477:, which India ratified in 2007. The Act replaced the existing 1025:

took off in the 1960s, disability advocates joined it and the

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The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

3192: 2214:

The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

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Gabovitch, Elaine M.; Dutra, Courtney; Lauer, Emily (2016).

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Law and the Contradictions of the Disability Rights Movement

5649: 5478: 3275:. International Labour Organization. 2014. pp. 20–30. 3252:

Hergenroeder & Weimann, Albert & Constance (2018).

2869: 1177: 3297:"John F. Kennedy and People With Intellectual Disabilites" 3251: 3044:. Disability Rights Center of Kansas. 2010. Archived from 2531:

Parallels in TIme: A History of Developmental Disabilities

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Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities

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A key debate in the disability rights movement is between

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was appointed the first Deaf President of the university.

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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

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On a global scale, the United Nations has established the

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Canada's largest province, Ontario, created legislation,

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The ABC-CLIO Companion to the Disability Rights Movement

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Balcazar & Keys, Fabricio & Christopher (1998).

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as part of the Paul G. Hearne Leadership award from the

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Americans Disabled for Accessible Public Transit (ADAPT)

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focus their efforts on ensuring that they have the same

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Social movement seeking equal rights for disabled people

3614:. (2004). The Regents of the University of California. 1452:

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005

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Timeline of disability rights outside the United States

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that autism is caused by environmental factors such as

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People with intellectual and developmental disabilities

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement

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Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth

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used to sign the Act and one of the first ultralight

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

1375: 1349:, and an individual's ability to live independently. 1149:, automatic doors, wide doors and corridors, transit 1052:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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Johnson, Mary and The Ragged Edge Online Community.

2822:"People With Disability Australian Protest Timeline" 2246: 2006:. Berkeley CA, & Washington DC. 27 December 2012 1930:

Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia

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Disability Protests: Contentious Politics 1970-1999

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Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee

1336: 3453:. Worcester: UMASS Chan Medical School. p. 22 2870:Australian Progress; McIntyre, Iain (2022-02-02). 2792: 2615:"Should Autism Be Cured or Is "Curing" Offensive?" 2210:Fleischer & Zames, Doris & Frieda (2001). 1557:Timeline of disability rights in the United States 1422:Timeline of disability rights in the United States 1181:Code signs for people with color vision deficiency 1172: 5613:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 3550:The New Disability History: American Perspectives 3548:Longmore, Paul, K. and Umansky, Laurie, editors, 3144: 1454:, with the goals of becoming accessible by 2025. 1030:needs came together to fight for a common cause. 6342: 2722:. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 1717:American Association of People with Disabilities 1652:American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities 1642:in 1977 of government buildings operated by the 5273:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 3176:. www.disabilityprideparade.com. Archived from 2186:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 355. 1199:was developed by Professor Miguel Neiva of the 4755:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 3524:(Temple University Press, 2nd Edition, 2011). 3508:Everyday Law for Individuals with Disabilities 2755:. In Jo Freeman & Victoria Johnson (ed.). 2715: 2656: 2654: 2639:Autism Network International presents Autreat. 2432:"ColorAdd®, o código de cores para daltónicos" 2004:Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund 1722: 5937:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons 5768: 3823: 2716:Barnartt, Sharon N.; Scotch, Richard (2001). 2509:"Autonomy, Decision-Making, and Guardianship" 1839:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons 1605:, states "No otherwise qualified handicapped 1471:Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 1356:, using paid assistant care instead of being 910: 496: 2660: 4971:List of people killed for being transgender 3223: 3067: 3065: 2894: 2651: 2608: 2606: 6325: 6126:Augmentative and alternative communication 5775: 5761: 3830: 3816: 3520:Fleischer, Doris Zames and Zames, Frieda. 3377:(3). Cambridge University Press: 355–370. 2744: 2575: 2573: 2552:"R-word - Spread the Word to End the Word" 2411:"Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit" 917: 903: 503: 489: 2799:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2790: 2786: 2784: 2087: 1967: 1750: 1290:as a result of natural variations in the 1257: 1071:Alternative access to the subway in Japan 4087:Social determinants of health in poverty 3755:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 3738: 3091: 3062: 2936: 2844: 2819: 2709: 2603: 2312:Harvard Law School Project on Disability 1563:Suffrage for Americans with Disabilities 1488: 1341:Advocates for the rights of people with 1176: 1101:There are three main types of barriers: 1074: 1061: 6161:Disproportionality in special education 3361: 2750: 2632: 2579: 2570: 2053: 1864:List of disability rights organizations 1779:According to the US Supreme Court case 1187:Problems for the Color Blind in Society 14: 6343: 3418: 2983:This article is more than 5 years old. 2781: 2661:Jaarsma, Pier; Welin, Stellan (2012). 2612: 2408: 1952:"Global disability: an emerging issue" 1638:Another crucial turning point was the 1057: 100:Individualized Education Program (IEP) 5756: 3811: 3569:(University Of Chicago Press, 2001). 2759:. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2282: 2280: 2178: 2083: 2081: 1949: 1400:Freedom from discrimination and abuse 370:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) 5737: 4777:Capital punishment for homosexuality 4092:Social determinants of mental health 3341:"Jailing People with Mental Illness" 3207:. www.itodaynews.com. Archived from 2945:. Kings Place, London: Scott trust. 2305:"Disability Poverty and Development" 2218:. Temple University Press. pp. 2205: 2203: 2146: 2100:10.12987/yale/9780300124491.001.0001 2094:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2024: 1727:To mark the 10th anniversary of the 1583:in the 1960s through the efforts of 1519:Northern Ireland Equality Commission 1511:Equality and Human Rights Commission 294:Social Security Disability Insurance 6268:Disability in children's literature 4897:Genital modification and mutilation 3777:National Organization on Disability 3552:(New York University Press, 2001). 3345:National Alliance on Mental Illness 1859:List of disability rights activists 1736:National Museum of American History 1493:Disability rights activist outside 1329:and do not represent the views of " 984:; and freedom from discrimination, 24: 6131:Emotional or behavioral disability 3837: 3725: 3500: 3478:Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation 3245: 2277: 2253:University of Minnesota Law School 2167:47 U.C.D. L. Rev. 1753 (2013-2014) 2078: 1950:Groce, Nora Ellen (July 1, 2018). 1550: 1507:Disability Discrimination Act 1995 1376:Access to education and employment 952:It is made up of organizations of 25: 6372: 3677: 3151:The Commons Social Change Library 2895:Wynne-Jones, Ros (17 July 2013). 2876:The Commons Social Change Library 2851:The Commons Social Change Library 2826:The Commons Social Change Library 2200: 2000:"International Disability Rights" 1484: 1140:People with physical disabilities 1045: 6324: 6315: 6314: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5376:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 5213:Law for Protection of the Nation 5113:White genocide conspiracy theory 3737: 3231:"The Disability Rights Movement" 3145:Commons Librarian (2023-04-14). 2937:Johnston, Chris (3 April 2017). 2592:from the original on 27 May 2008 1923:Access Now v. Southwest Airlines 1802: 1337:People with mental health issues 1278:The autism rights movement is a 1082:for visually impaired people in 1004: 525: 463: 462: 360:National Telecommuting Institute 5218:MSM blood donation restrictions 4966:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 3646:. University Press of America. 3506:Colker, Ruth and Milani, Adam. 3465: 3437: 3412: 3371:Review of International Studies 3355: 3333: 3307: 3301:Presidential Library and Museum 3289: 3260: 3138: 3117: 3027: 3002: 2988: 2930: 2914: 2888: 2863: 2838: 2813: 2544: 2519: 2501: 2475: 2450: 2434:(in Portuguese). Archived from 2424: 2402: 2385: 2356: 2325: 2297: 2263: 2240: 2234:"Purpose of the March of Dimes" 2156:University of California, Davis 2025:Bell, Beverly (5 August 2014). 1729:Americans with Disabilities Act 1700:Americans with Disabilities Act 1677:Americans with Disabilities Act 1411: 1282:that emphasizes the concept of 1173:People with visual disabilities 1035:Americans with Disabilities Act 1033:It was not until 1990 that the 552:Natural rights and legal rights 542:Claim rights and liberty rights 6146:Disability and LGBT identities 5782: 5231:(as religious or racial quota) 3802:The Disability Rights Movement 3782:Society for Disability Studies 3585:. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO. 3347:. Arlington VA. Archived from 2795:The Disability Rights Movement 2580:Solomon, Andrew (2008-05-25). 2487:Autistic Self Advocacy Network 2338:. UNICEF. 2013. Archived from 2226: 2172: 2140: 2018: 1992: 1943: 1884:Psychiatric survivors movement 365:Society for Disability Studies 222:Unlicensed assistive personnel 13: 1: 5958:Services for mental disorders 5645:Second-generation gender bias 5361:Constitutional colorblindness 4082:Social determinants of health 3510:(Paradigm Publishers, 2005). 3099:"Disability History Timeline" 2996:"'Give the boy some dignity'" 2845:McIntyre, Iain (2023-04-26). 2820:McIntyre, Iain (2023-04-26). 2751:Johnson, Roberta Ann (1999). 2613:Ratner, Paul (10 July 2016). 1969:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30265-1 1936: 1854:Inclusion (disability rights) 580:Economic, social and cultural 5963:Services for disabled people 3772:Independent Living Resources 3703:Resources in other libraries 3538:(The Advocado Press, 2006). 2582:"The autism rights movement" 2458:"The Goals of Self Advocacy" 2364:"Voices of the Marginalised" 2333:"Children with Disabilities" 2288:"World Report on Disability" 1760:parliamentary review of the 1426: 876:Self-determination of people 557:Negative and positive rights 299:Supplemental Security Income 61:Ableism / Disablism 7: 6246:Arts, media, culture, sport 5556:Medical model of disability 5408:Hate speech laws by country 3624:Shapiro, Joseph P. (1993). 2370:. 2014–2016. Archived from 2060:Disability Rights Wisconsin 1915: 1874:Nothing About Us Without Us 1869:Medical model of disability 1795: 1723:Exhibitions and collections 1577:independent living movement 1517:, which is enforced by the 547:Individual and group rights 314:Disabled students allowance 309:Disability Living Allowance 10: 6377: 6361:Movements for civil rights 6273:Disability in horror films 6065:Activities of daily living 5665:Social model of disability 4137:Discrimination against men 3689:Disability rights movement 2088:Bagenstos, Samuel (2009). 1894:Social model of disability 1590:Architectural Barriers Act 1560: 1554: 1415: 1343:mental health disabilities 1271: 1261: 1227:developmental disabilities 1214: 1184: 1092:social model of disability 999: 931:disability rights movement 173:Disability rights movement 29: 18:Disability rights activist 6310: 6245: 6179: 6118: 6052: 6017: 5971: 5950: 5914: 5888: 5881: 5821: 5790: 5722: 5461: 5338: 5131: 5018:Opposition to immigration 4742: 4382: 4229: 3989: 3939:Race / Ethnicity 3876: 3845: 3698:Resources in your library 3383:10.1017/S0260210599003551 3362:Freeman, Michael (1999). 2791:Fleischer, Doris (2001). 2753:"Mobilizing the Disabled" 2679:10.1007/s10728-011-0169-9 1705:reasonable accommodations 1445: 1366:intellectual disabilities 1134: 319:Disabled Persons Railcard 6166:Sexuality and disability 6141:Disability and disasters 6053:Structural and assistive 5013:Occupational segregation 4782:Compulsory sterilization 3640:Stroman, Duane. (2003). 3630:. New York: Times Books 1956:The Lancet Global Health 1899:Transgenerational design 1889:Reasonable accommodation 1789:Charitable organizations 1773:community-based programs 1464: 1169:more easily and safely. 1039:reasonable accommodation 1027:women's rights movements 534:Theoretical distinctions 332:the Severely Handicapped 288:Socioeconomic assistance 198:Sexuality and disability 30:Not to be confused with 6280:Disability in the media 6151:Disability and religion 6090:Personal Care Assistant 5541:Internalized oppression 5403:Fighting Discrimination 5393:Fat acceptance movement 5351:Anti-discrimination law 4991:Native American mascots 2527:""We Are People First"" 1879:Person Centred Planning 1849:Fat acceptance movement 1733:Smithsonian Institution 1596:In 1973 the (American) 1530:Welfare Reform Act 2012 1526:Under-occupancy penalty 1193:color vision deficiency 1123:Institutional barriers: 1113:Environmental barriers: 972:in independent living, 447:Disability in the media 6263:Disability in the arts 6156:Disability and poverty 6095:Physical accessibility 5660:Social identity threat 5633:Reverse discrimination 5623:Racial color blindness 5103:Violence against women 5083:Sex-selective abortion 3733: 3713:Listen to this article 3419:Morris, Jenny (2005). 3109:. 2002. Archived from 2158:: 3–10. Archived from 1751:Debates and approaches 1712:Disability Pride March 1663:only specific groups. 1498: 1264:Autism rights movement 1258:Autism rights movement 1235:self advocacy movement 1182: 1087: 1072: 773:Other groups of rights 437:Disability in the arts 260:Physical accessibility 6356:History of disability 5854:driver rehabilitation 5628:Religious intolerance 5588:Political correctness 5418:Intersex human rights 5366:Cultural assimilation 5048:Religious persecution 4812:Disability hate crime 4597:Jewish / Antisemitism 3732: 3595:Pelka, Fred. (2012). 3579:Pelka, Fred. (1997). 1762:Employment Equity Act 1650:and organized by the 1561:Further information: 1555:Further information: 1492: 1459:Accessible Canada Act 1390:Adaptive technologies 1352:The right to have an 1262:Further information: 1180: 1106:Attitudinal barriers: 1078: 1070: 1023:civil rights movement 1011:Franklin D. Roosevelt 937:that seeks to secure 593:Rights by beneficiary 188:People-first language 166:Societal implications 6187:Models of disability 6171:Youth and disability 6136:Invisible disability 6085:Orthotics and braces 6070:Assistive technology 5882:Rights, law, support 5033:Political repression 4042:Anti-left handedness 4032:Anti-intellectualism 3764:More spoken articles 3433:on 26 November 2020. 3426:. UK. Archived from 2667:Health Care Analysis 2165:on 23 October 2014. 1688:Gallaudet University 1646:(HEW), conceived by 1534:Bedroom Tax protests 958:disability advocates 954:disability activists 945:for all people with 891:Water and sanitation 255:Orthotics and braces 240:Assistive technology 5839:Learning disability 5536:Historical eugenics 5073:Segregation academy 5053:Religious terrorism 4842:Enemy of the people 4750:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 4269:Jehovah's Witnesses 4162:Perpetual foreigner 3079:on 25 December 2011 2147:Long, Alex (2014). 2066:on 18 November 2018 1579:, which emerged in 1495:Scottish Parliament 1333:" autistic people. 1244:sheltered workshops 1201:University of Minho 1058:Disability barriers 970:equal opportunities 939:equal opportunities 575:Civil and political 216:Personal assistance 123:Learning disability 6253:Disability culture 6180:Disability studies 6075:Independent living 5803:Disability studies 5448:Social integration 5443:Self-determination 5433:Racial integration 5381:Diversity training 5371:Cultural pluralism 5346:Affirmative action 5246:Racial segregation 5156:Crime of apartheid 5058:Religious violence 4561:Indigenous people 3966:Sexual orientation 3787:Lives Worth Living 3734: 3618:2004-08-16 at the 3211:on October 4, 2013 3180:on October 4, 2013 2644:2001-12-14 at the 2558:on 29 October 2008 1757:affirmative action 1684:Deaf President Now 1668:Atlantis Community 1598:Rehabilitation Act 1541:Down Syndrome Bill 1499: 1347:self-determination 1183: 1088: 1073: 330:Assured Income for 32:Disability studies 6351:Disability rights 6338: 6337: 6207:Neuroqueer theory 6110:Web accessibility 6060:Accessible toilet 6048: 6047: 5901:Disability rights 5896:Ableism/disablism 5750: 5749: 5618:Racism by country 5546:Intersectionality 5531:Heteronormativity 5330:Voter suppression 5078:Sexual harassment 4877:Forced conversion 4797:Cultural genocide 4460:African Americans 4279:post–Cold War era 4264:Eastern Orthodoxy 4027:Anti-drug addicts 4022:Anti-homelessness 3949:Scientific racism 3730: 3684:Library resources 3662:978-84-18049-73-6 3652:978-0-7618-2480-0 3636:978-0-8129-2412-1 3607:978-1-55849-919-5 3591:978-0-87436-834-5 3575:978-0-226-61659-9 3558:978-0-8147-8564-5 3544:978-0-9721189-1-0 3530:978-1-4399-0743-6 3516:978-1-59451-145-5 3351:on 11 March 2021. 3282:978-92-2-129122-0 3107:Temple University 2766:978-0-8476-8748-0 2729:978-1-56368-112-7 2648:(2008-05-23) AIN. 2368:ADD International 2109:978-0-300-12449-1 1741:George H. W. Bush 1358:institutionalized 1327:Asperger syndrome 1068: 974:employment equity 927: 926: 585:Three generations 513: 512: 275:Web accessibility 235:Accessible toilet 118:Special education 56:Disability theory 49:Theory and models 16:(Redirected from 6368: 6328: 6327: 6318: 6317: 6300:Special Olympics 6192:Inspiration porn 6105:Universal design 5906:Pejorative terms 5886: 5885: 5849:Physical therapy 5777: 5770: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5740: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5670:Social privilege 5655:Social exclusion 5583:Police brutality 5504:Multiculturalism 5474:Amatonormativity 5305:Social exclusion 5141:Age of candidacy 4941:Homeless dumping 4847:Ethnic cleansing 3832: 3825: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3792:Independent Lens 3754: 3752: 3741: 3740: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3714: 3672:978-1-4798024-94 3494: 3493: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3452: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3425: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3408:on July 1, 2022. 3407: 3401:. 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Kennedy 1753: 1725: 1686:protest by the 1660:Joseph Califano 1565: 1559: 1553: 1497:, 30 March 2013 1487: 1467: 1448: 1429: 1424: 1414: 1402: 1378: 1339: 1331:low-functioning 1312:fringe theories 1288:autism spectrum 1280:social movement 1276: 1274:Autism friendly 1270: 1260: 1219: 1213: 1189: 1175: 1142: 1137: 1062: 1060: 1048: 1007: 1002: 935:social movement 923: 796:Civil liberties 509: 478: 452: 451: 432: 422: 421: 420: 395: 385: 384: 355: 354: 338: 337: 334: 331: 289: 281: 280: 279: 245:Assisted living 217: 209: 208: 207: 167: 159: 158: 157: 137: 129: 128: 127: 90: 82: 81: 80: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6374: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6322: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6282: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6260: 6258:Disability art 6255: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5780: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5757: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5734: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5638:Reverse racism 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5608:Prisoner abuse 5605: 5600: 5598:Power distance 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5516:Ethnic penalty 5513: 5512: 5511: 5509:Neurodiversity 5506: 5496: 5494:Dehumanization 5491: 5486: 5484:Cisnormativity 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5462:Related topics 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5320:State religion 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5256:Nuremberg Laws 5253: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5198:Ghetto benches 5195: 5193:Gerrymandering 5190: 5185: 5180: 5178:Gender pay gap 5175: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5132:Discriminatory 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4961:Lavender scare 4958: 4956:Kill Haole Day 4953: 4951:Indian rolling 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4837:Eliminationism 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:Cancel culture 4769: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4746: 4744: 4743:Manifestations 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4639:Middle Eastern 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4374:Zoroastrianism 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4305: 4304: 4303: 4301:Untouchability 4298: 4288: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4235: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4127:Leprosy stigma 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3839:Discrimination 3835: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3799: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3757: 3743: 3736: 3724: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678:External links 3676: 3675: 3674: 3664: 3654: 3638: 3622: 3609: 3593: 3577: 3560: 3546: 3532: 3518: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3464: 3436: 3411: 3354: 3332: 3306: 3288: 3281: 3259: 3244: 3222: 3191: 3162: 3137: 3116: 3113:on 2013-12-20. 3090: 3061: 3026: 3001: 2987: 2929: 2913: 2887: 2862: 2837: 2812: 2805: 2780: 2765: 2743: 2728: 2708: 2650: 2631: 2602: 2569: 2543: 2518: 2500: 2474: 2449: 2423: 2401: 2398:. USAID. 2013. 2384: 2355: 2324: 2321:on 2021-12-18. 2296: 2276: 2262: 2239: 2225: 2199: 2192: 2171: 2139: 2108: 2077: 2043: 2017: 1991: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1926: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1810:Society portal 1797: 1794: 1752: 1749: 1724: 1721: 1693:I. King Jordan 1656:Judith Heumann 1585:Edward Roberts 1570:Timothy Nugent 1552: 1549: 1503:United Kingdom 1486: 1485:United Kingdom 1483: 1466: 1463: 1447: 1444: 1428: 1425: 1413: 1410: 1401: 1398: 1377: 1374: 1338: 1335: 1301:minority group 1286:, viewing the 1284:neurodiversity 1268:Neurodiversity 1259: 1256: 1215:Main article: 1212: 1209: 1185:Main article: 1174: 1171: 1167:public transit 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1128: 1127: 1120: 1110: 1084:Narita Airport 1059: 1056: 1047: 1046:United Nations 1044: 1019:March of Dimes 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 925: 924: 922: 921: 914: 907: 899: 896: 895: 894: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 821:Free migration 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 775: 774: 770: 769: 768: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 711: 710: 705: 695: 690: 685: 684: 683: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 595: 594: 590: 589: 588: 587: 582: 577: 569: 568: 562: 561: 560: 559: 554: 549: 544: 536: 535: 531: 530: 522: 521: 511: 510: 508: 507: 500: 493: 485: 482: 481: 480: 479: 477: 476: 471: 459: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 442:Disability art 439: 433: 428: 427: 424: 423: 419: 418: 416:Invictus Games 413: 408: 403: 397: 396: 391: 390: 387: 386: 383: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 356: 353: 352: 349: 345: 344: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 328: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 304:Ticket to Work 301: 296: 290: 287: 286: 283: 282: 278: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 231: 230: 229: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 206: 205: 203:Women's health 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 169: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 150: 145: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 126: 125: 120: 115: 113:Special school 110: 104: 103: 102: 97: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 79: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 52: 51: 48: 47: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6373: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6331: 6323: 6321: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119:Social issues 6117: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5861:Special needs 5859: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5844:Mainstreaming 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5808:Medical model 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5773: 5771: 5766: 5764: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5743: 5735: 5733: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5692:Social stigma 5690: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315:State atheism 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251:Jim Crow laws 5249: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5236:One-drop rule 5234: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5151:Blood quantum 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5098:Victimisation 5096: 5094: 5093:Trans bashing 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5063:Religious war 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5043:Racialization 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4914:Glass ceiling 4912: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4857:Ethnic hatred 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4792:Counter-jihad 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4575:United States 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438:United States 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4359:Protestantism 4357: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4274:LDS or Mormon 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4204:Transmisogyny 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4107:Gerontophobia 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Anti-intersex 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4012:Anti-albinism 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Institutional 3851: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3746: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563:O'Brien, Ruth 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3449: 3448: 3440: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3336: 3325: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3271: 3270: 3263: 3255: 3248: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3167: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3126: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3066: 3051:on 2014-05-20 3047: 3043: 3042:drckansas.org 3036: 3030: 3015: 3011: 3005: 2998:. 2021-11-26. 2997: 2991: 2984: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2852: 2848: 2841: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2808: 2806:1-56639-812-6 2802: 2797: 2796: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2635: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2574: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2419: 2412: 2405: 2394: 2388: 2374:on 2016-10-24 2373: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2345:on 2021-01-19 2341: 2334: 2328: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2281: 2272: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2206: 2204: 2195: 2193:9780743246019 2189: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2082: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2054:Karan, Joan. 2050: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1805: 1800: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1698:In 1990, the 1696: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1564: 1558: 1551:United States 1548: 1546: 1545:Down syndrome 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 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