Dilophosaurus - Knowledge

3715:. The back was straight, and the hindmost dorsal vertebrae were turned on their left sides. The caudal vertebrae extended irregularly from the pelvis, and the legs were articulated, with little displacement. Welles concluded that the specimens were buried at the place of their deaths, without having been transported much, but that the holotype specimen appears to have been disturbed by scavengers, indicated by the rotated dorsal vertebrae and crushed skull. Gay noted that the specimens he described in 2001 showed evidence of having been transported by a stream. As none of the specimens were complete, they may have been transported over some distance, or have lain on the surface and weathered for some time before transport. They may have been transported by a 1307:(eye socket), and supported the bottom of the back of the crest. Uniquely for this genus, the rim above the orbit continued hindwards and ended in a small, almost triangular process behind the orbit, which curved slightly outwards. Since only a short part of the upper surface of this process is unbroken, the rest of the crest may have risen above the skull over a distance of ~12 millimeters (0.47 in). The preserved part of the crest in UCMP 77270 is tallest around the midpoint of the antorbital fenestra's length. UCMP 77270 preserves the concave shelf between the bases of the crests, and when seen from the front, they are projected upwards and to the sides at an ~80° angle. Welles found the crests reminiscent of a double-crested 1450: 3733: 3081: 3742: 2378: 9644: 3916: 11767: 2854: 657:, arranged in a triangle, about 9.1 m (30 ft) long at one side. The first was nearly complete, lacking only the front of the skull, parts of the pelvis, and some vertebrae. The second was very eroded, included the front of the skull, lower jaws, some vertebrae, limb bones, and an articulated hand. The third was so eroded that it consisted only of vertebral fragments. The first good skeleton was encased in a block of plaster after 10 days of work and loaded onto a truck, the second skeleton was easily collected, as it was almost entirely weathered out of the ground, but the third skeleton was almost gone. 3782:, the carcasses of slain monsters were "beaten into the earth", but were impossible to obliterate, and fossils have traditionally been interpreted as their remains. While Navajo people have helped paleontologists locate fossils since the 19th century, traditional beliefs suggest that the ghosts of the monsters remain in their partially buried corpses, and have to be kept there through potent rituals. Likewise, some worry that the bones of their relatives would be dug up along with dinosaur remains, and that removing fossils shows disrespect to the past lives of these beings. In 2005, the historian 2369: 1470: 594: 9637: 1441: 4022:. He found that adding venom to the dinosaur was no less allowable than giving a color to its skin, which is also unknown. If the dinosaur had a frill, there would have been evidence for this in the bones, in the shape of a rigid structure to hold up the frill, or markings at the places where the muscles used to move it were attached. He also added that if it did have a frill, it would not have used it to intimidate its meal, but rather a competitor (he speculated it may have responded to a character in the movie pulling a hood over his head). In a 1997 review of a book about the science of 3152:

slope is what enabled it to bring both hands to the ground close to the feet. After resting, the dinosaur shuffled forwards, and left new impressions with its feet, metatarsals, and ischium, but not the hands. The right foot now stepped on the print of the right hand, and the second claw of the left foot made a drag mark from the first resting position to the next. After some time, the animal stood up and moved forwards, with the left foot first, and once fully erect, it walked across the rest of the exposed surface, while leaving thin drag marks with the end of the tail.

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shows that early theropods held the palms of their hands facing medially, towards each other. As such a posture therefore evolved early in the lineage, it may have characterized all theropods. Theropods are often depicted with their palms facing downwards, but studies of their functional anatomy have shown that they, like birds, were unable to pronate or supinate their arms. The track showed that the legs were held symmetrically with the body weight distributed between the feet and the metatarsals, which is also a feature seen in birds such as

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holotype, he had mentioned only one of the pathologies found by them. They suggested that such features may sometimes be omitted because descriptions of species are concerned with their characteristics rather than abnormalities, or because such features are difficult to recognize. Senter and Sullivan found that the pathologies significantly altered the range of motion in the right shoulder and right third finger of the holotype, and that estimates for range of motion may therefore not match those made for a healthy forelimb.

11205: 1631: 1179: 757:. When it became apparent that it was a crest, it was also realized that a corresponding crest would have been on the left side, since the right crest was right of the midline, and was concave along its middle length. This discovery led to re-examination of the holotype specimen, which was found to have bases of two thin, upwards-extended bones, which were crushed together. These also represented crests, but they had formerly been assumed to be part of a misplaced cheek bone. The two 1942 specimens were also found to be 1170: 1159: 8945: 1023: 11212: 1593: 1459: 775: 8147: 1150: 1141: 3790:, the Navajo Williams disappeared from the excavation after some days, and speculated this was because Williams found the detailed work with fine brushes "beneath his dignity". Mayor instead pointed out that Navajo men do occupy themselves with detailed work, such as jewellery and painting, and that the explanation for Williams' departure may instead have been traditional anxiety as the skeletons emerged and were disturbed. Mayor also pointed to an incident in the 1940s when a Navajo man helped excavate a 1622: 9651: 1640: 823:, and needed a new genus name. At that time, no other theropods with large longitudinal crests on their heads were known, and the dinosaur had therefore gained the interest of paleontologists. A mold of the holotype specimen was made, and fiberglass casts of it were distributed to various exhibits; to make labeling these casts easier, Welles decided to name the new genus in a brief note, rather than wait until the publication of a detailed description. In 1970, Welles coined the new genus name 151: 8959: 3430: 11963: 11780: 3356: 10450: 3072: 2586: 1253: 3258: 10438: 784: 910: 10457: 1993: 11774: 1423:, 0.1 to 0.15 mm (0.0039 to 0.0059 in) thick, which extended far towards their bases. The alveoli were elliptical to almost circular, and all were larger than the bases of the teeth they contained, which may therefore have been loosely held in the jaws. Though the number of alveoli in the dentary would seem to indicate that the teeth were very crowded, they were rather far apart, due to the larger size of their alveoli. The jaws contained 3174: 11199: 1414:

inner sides. The largest tooth of the maxilla was either in or near the fourth alveolus, and the height of the tooth crowns decreased hindwards. The first tooth of the maxilla pointed slightly forwards from its alveolus because the lower border of the premaxilla process (which projected backward towards the maxilla) was upturned. The teeth of the dentary were much smaller than those of the maxilla. The third or fourth tooth in the dentary of

2972:. He found the forelimbs to have been powerful weapons, strong and flexible, and not used for locomotion. He noted that the hands were capable of grasping and slashing, of meeting each other, and reaching two-thirds up the neck. He proposed that in a sitting posture, the animal would rest on the large "foot" of its ischium, as well as its tail and feet. In 1990, paleontologists Stephen and Sylvia Czerkas suggested that the weak pelvis of 126: 1743: 877:

found, and had been labeled as a "large theropod". Though most of the material is damaged, it is significant in including elements not preserved in the earlier specimens, including part of the pelvis and several ribs. Some elements in the collection belonged to an infant specimen (MNA P1.3181), the youngest known example of this genus, and one of the earliest known infant theropods from North America, only preceded by some

1942:. This clade was more derived than the Coelophysoidea, but more basal than the Ceratosauria, thereby placing basal theropods in a ladder-like arrangement. In 2012, Carrano and colleagues found that the group of crested theropods proposed by Smith and colleagues was based on features that relate to the presence of such crests, but that the features of the rest of the skeleton were less consistent. They instead found that 10445: 2749: 11951: 1222:(the following bone of the upper jaw) at the middle of the palate, with no connection at the side, they formed a strong joint through the robust, interlocking articulation between the hindwards and forwards directed processes of these bones. Hindwards and below, the premaxilla formed a wall for a gap between itself and the maxilla called the subnarial gap (also termed a "kink"). Such a gap is also present in 3111:

varying breadth of the toe prints indicates that mud had clung to the feet. The impressions varied according to differences in the substrate and the manner in which they were made; sometimes, the foot was planted directly, but often a backward or forward slip occurred as the foot came down. The positions and angles of the toes also varied considerably, which indicate they must have been quite flexible. The

1567:(the processes of the vertebrae that articulated with the prezygapophyses of a following vertebrae) were met by long prezygapophyses that curved upwards from the third cervical vertebra. The centra and neural spines of the cervical vertebrae were long and low, and the spines were stepped in side view, forming "shoulders" at the front and back, as well as taller, central "caps" that gave the appearance of a 2997:

been voluntarily hyperextensible (able to extend backwards, beyond their normal range), but they may have been passively hyperextensible, to resist dislocation during violent movements by captured prey. A 2015 article by Senter and Robins gave recommendations for how to reconstruct the fore limb posture in bipedal dinosaurs, based on examination of various taxa, including

2582:. Gierliński and Karol Sabath responded at a conference talk in 2005, pointing out that the algae mat imprint would not only have been present on the stomach, but also the footprints. Based on detailed photos and experiments, they found the traces similar to those left by the fibrous feathers (semiplumes) of modern birds, and different from those left by a scaly body. 1245:(a large opening in front of the eye), forming a recess that was rounded towards the front, and smoother than the rest of the maxilla. A foramen called the preanteorbital fenestra opened into this recess at the front bend. Large foramina ran on the side of the maxilla, above the alveoli. A deep nutrient groove ran backward from the subnarial pit along the base of the 1218:(front bone of the upper jaw) was long and low when seen from the side, bulbous at the front, and its outer surface became less convex from snout to naris (bony nostril). The nostrils were placed further back than in most other theropods. The premaxillae were in close articulation with each other, and while the premaxilla only connected to the 3410:

Only six other theropods are known with more than one paleopathology on the pectoral girdle and forelimbs. The holotype specimen had eight afflicted bones, whereas no other theropod specimen is known with more than four. On its left side, it had a fractured scapula and radius, and fibriscesses (like abscesses) in the ulna and the outer

1571:(cruciform) when seen from above, distinctive features of this dinosaur. The posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina of the cervicals showed serial variation, bifurcating and reuniting down the neck, a unique feature. The neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae were also low and expanded front and back, which formed strong attachments for 668:, with the tail curved upwards, the neck straightened, and the left leg moved up for visibility, but the rest of the skeleton was kept in its burial position. As the skull was crushed, it was reconstructed based on the back of the skull of the first specimen and the front of the second. The pelvis was reconstructed after that of 1973:. The Dilophosauridae share features with the Coelophysoidea such as the subnarial gap and the front teeth of the maxilla pointing forwards, while features shared with Averostra include a fenestra at the front of the maxilla and a reduced number of teeth in the maxilla. They suggested that the cranial crests of 1237:(openings) of varying sizes. The upper of the two backward-extending processes of the premaxilla was long and low, and formed most of the upper border of the elongated naris. It had a dip towards the font, which made the area by its base concave in profile. The underside of the premaxilla containing the 3040:

and ulna bones of the lower arm to turn the hand) was prevented by the radius and ulna joints not being able to roll, and the palms, therefore, faced medially, towards each other. The inability to pronate the wrists was an ancestral feature shared by theropods and other dinosaur groups. The wrist had

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could have fed on fish and small prey in the fluvial system in its environment, they pointed out that the articulation between the premaxilla and maxilla of the upper jaw was immobile and much more robust than previously thought, and that large-bodied prey could have been grasped and manipulated with

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and some coelophysoids was the largest there, and seems to have fit into the subnarial gap of the upper jaw. Most of the teeth had serrations on the front and back edges, which were offset by vertical grooves, and were smaller at the front. About 31 to 41 serrations were on the front edges, and

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would have been active and bipedal, and may have hunted large animals; it could also have fed on smaller animals and fish. Due to the limited range of movement and shortness of the forelimbs, the mouth may instead have made first contact with prey. The function of the crests is unknown; they were too

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as Arizona's state dinosaur in 2018). Navajo Nation officials subsequently discussed how to get the fossils returned. According to Mayor, one Navajo stated that they do not ask to get the fossils back anymore, but wondered why casts had not been made so the bones could be left, as it would be better

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deposition and the other by sandstone. The siltstone facies is found in much of Arizona, while the sandstone facies is present in areas of northern Arizona, southern Utah, western Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. The formation was primarily deposited by rivers, with the siltstone facies as the

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survived for a long time after these events, for months, perhaps years. The use of the forelimbs for prey capture must have been compromised during the healing process. The dinosaur may therefore have endured a long period of fasting or subsisted on prey that was small enough for it to dispatch with

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criticized the "species recognition hypothesis", and argued that no extant animals use such structures primarily for species recognition, and that Padian and Horner had ignored the possibility of mutual sexual selection (where both sexes are ornamented). Marsh and Rowe agreed in 2020 that the crests

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does. The hyperextensibility of the fingers may have prevented the prey's violent struggle from dislocating them, since it would have allowed greater motion of the fingers (with no importance to locomotion). The limited mobility of the shoulder and shortness of the forelimbs indicates that the mouth

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had 10 cervical (neck), 14 dorsal (back), and 45 caudal (tail) vertebrae, and air sacs grew into the vertebrae. It had a long neck, which was probably flexed nearly 90° by the skull and by the shoulder, holding the skull in a horizontal posture. The cervical vertebrae were unusually light;

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the "best worst-known dinosaur", since the animal was poorly understood despite having been discovered 80 years earlier. A major problem was that previous studies of the specimens did not make clear which parts were original fossils and which were reconstructed in plaster, yet subsequent researchers

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specimens (this number is based on the presence of three pubic bone fragments and two differentially sized femora) in the collections of the Museum of Northern Arizona. The specimens were found in 1978 in the Rock Head Quadrangle, 190 km (120 mi) away from where the original specimens were

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was able to grip and hold objects between two hands, to grip and hold small objects in one hand, to seize objects close beneath the chest, to bring an object to the mouth, to perform a display by swinging the arms in an arc along the sides of the ribcage, to scratch the chest, belly, or the half of

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would have been able to draw its humerus backward until it was almost parallel with the scapula, but could not move it forwards to a more than vertical orientation. The elbow could approach full extension and flexion at a right angle, but not achieve it completely. The fingers do not appear to have

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that eats the most fish. The nasal openings were also retracted back on the jaws, similar to spinosaurids, which have even more retracted nasal openings, and this may have limited water splashing into the nostrils during fishing. Both groups also had long arms with well-developed claws, which could

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blade did not appear to be fused. The rib of the first sacral vertebra articulated with the preacetabular process of the ilium, a distinct feature. The centra of the caudal vertebrae were very consistent in length, but their diameter became smaller towards the back, and they went from elliptical to

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Welles and an assistant subsequently corrected the wall mount of the holotype specimen based on the new skeleton, by restoring the crests, redoing the pelvis, making the neck ribs longer, and placing them closer together. After studying the skeletons of North American and European theropods, Welles

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at their front and back edges. The neck was long, and its vertebrae were hollow, and very light. The arms were powerful, with a long and slender upper arm bone. The hands had four fingers; the first was short but strong and bore a large claw, the two following fingers were longer and slenderer with

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The number of traumatic events that led to these features is not certain, and it is possible that they were all caused by a single encounter, for example by crashing into a tree or rock during a fight with another animal, which may have caused puncture wounds with its claws. Since all the injuries

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around its ischium to the ground; this created impressions of symmetrical "heels" and circular impressions of the ischium. The part of the tail closest to the body was kept off the ground, whereas the end further away from the body made contact with the ground. The fact that the animal rested on a

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footprints reported by Welles in 1971 were all on the same level, and were described as a "chicken yard hodge-podge" of footprints, with few forming a trackway. The footprints had been imprinted in mud, which allowed the feet to sink down 5–10 cm (2–4 in). The prints were sloppy, and the

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could have been an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle, where the water would help support its weight, and that it could have been an efficient swimmer. They found it doubtful that it would have been restricted to a watery environment, though, due to the strength and proportions of its hind limbs,

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was too small to have produced them) scavenging the specimen after it died (the positions of the bones may also have been disturbed by scavenging). An example of such marks can be seen on the left scapula, which has an oval depression on the surface of its upper side, and a large hole on the lower

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In 2016 Senter and Sara L. Juengst examined the paleopathologies of the holotype specimen and found that it bore the greatest and most varied number of such maladies on the pectoral girdle and forelimb of any theropod dinosaur so far described, some of which are not known from any other dinosaur.

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Crouching is a rarely captured behavior of theropods, and SGDS 18.T1 is the only such track with unambiguous impressions of theropod hands, which provides valuable information about how they used their forelimbs. The crouching posture was found to be very similar to that of modern birds, and

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and crocodilians that use the front of their jaws to deliver a powerful bite when subduing prey. The loads exerted on the mandibles were consistent with struggle of small prey, which may have been hunted by delivering slashing bites to wound it, and then captured with the front of the jaws after

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had four teeth in each premaxilla, 12 in each maxilla, and 17 in each dentary. The teeth were generally long, thin, and recurved, with relatively small bases. They were compressed sideways, oval in cross-section at the base, lenticular (lens-shaped) above, and slightly concave on their outer and

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footprints had an offset second toe with a thick base, and very long, straight claws that were in line with the axes of the toe pads. One of the footprints was missing the claw of the second toe, perhaps due to injury. In 1984, Welles interpreted the fact that three individuals were found close

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had jaws strong enough to puncture bone. The fleshy air sacs from its respiratory system that grew into the vertebrae both strengthened and lightened the skeleton, and allowed unidirectional airflow through its lungs, similar to birds and crocodiles, and thereby more oxygen than a bidirectional

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was primarily based on the wide angle between digit impressions three and four shown by these tracks, and the observation that the foot of the holotype specimen shows a similarly splayed-out fourth digit. Also in 2003, paleontologist Emma Rainforth argued that the splay in the holotype foot was

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was one of the earliest large predatory dinosaurs and the largest known land-animal in North America at the time. It was slender and lightly built, and the skull was proportionally large, but delicate. The snout was narrow, and the upper jaw had a gap or kink below the nostril. It had a pair of

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According to Senter and Juengst, the high degree of pain the dinosaur might have experienced in multiple locations for long durations also shows that it was a hardy animal. They noted that paleopathologies in dinosaurs are underreported, and that even though Welles had thoroughly described the

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based on the by then known specimens, including specimen UCMP 77270 which had remained undescribed since 1964. They also removed some previously assigned specimens, finding them too fragmentary to identify, and relocated the type quarry with the help of a relative of Jesse Williams. In an

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did not have a powerful bite, due to weakness caused by the subnarial gap. He thought that it used its front premaxillary teeth for plucking and tearing rather than biting, and the maxillary teeth further back for piercing and slicing. He thought that it was probably a scavenger rather than a

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track reported by Weems showed a palm imprint made by a quadrupedally walking theropod. Weems had proposed the trackmaker would have been able to move quadrupedally when walking slowly, while the digits would have been habitually hyperextended so only the palms touched the ground. Milner and

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specimens. In 2012, Carrano and colleagues found differences between the 1964 specimen and the holotype specimen, but attributed them to variation between individuals rather than species. Paleontologists Christophe Hendrickx and Octávio Mateus suggested in 2014 that the known specimens might

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only had Welles' 1984 monograph to rely on for subsequent studies, muddling understanding of the dinosaur's anatomy. Marsh spent seven years studying the specimens to clarify the issues surrounding the dinosaur, including two specimens found two decades earlier by Rowe, his Ph.D. advisor.

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proposed that "bizarre structures" in dinosaurs in general (including crests, frills, horns, and domes) were primarily used for species recognition, and dismissed other explanations as unsupported by evidence. They noted that too few specimens of cranially ornamented theropods, including

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of the movie was realized through puppeteering, and required a full body with three interchangeable heads to produce the actions required by the script. Separate legs were also constructed for a shot where the dinosaur hops by. Unlike most of the other dinosaurs in the movie, no

3426:, which had not been reported from non-avian dinosaurs before, but is known in birds. Affecting juvenile birds that have experienced malnutrition, this disease can cause pain in one limb, which makes the birds prefer to use the other limb instead, which thereby develops torsion. 3301:(changes during growth). There was no dimorphism in the skeletons, but he did not rule out that there could have been in the crests; more data was needed to determine this. Based on the tiny nasal crests on a juvenile specimen, Yates had tentatively assigned to the related genus 1675:. The hands had four fingers: the first was shorter but stronger than the following two fingers, with a large claw, and the two following fingers were longer and slenderer, with smaller claws. The claws were curved and sharp. The third finger was reduced, and the fourth was 1662:

were elliptical, and not fused to the scapulae. The lower hind portions of the coracoids had a "horizontal buttress" next to the biceps tuber, unique for this genus. The arms were powerful, and had deep pits and stout processes for attachment of muscles and ligaments. The

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skeleton as long as he did not have to touch the bones, but left the site when only a few inches of dirt were left covering them. In a 1994 book, Welles said Williams had come back some days later with two Navajo women saying "that's no man's work, that's squaw's work".

1387:(the front part of the mandible where most of the teeth there were attached) had an up-curved rather than pointed chin. The chin had a large foramen at the tip, and a row of small foramina ran in rough parallel with the upper edge of the dentary. On the inner side, the 2669:

trackways of the Culpeper Quarry in Virginia. Weems suggested rounded impressions associated with some of these trackways to represent hand impressions lacking digit traces, which he interpreted as a trace of quadrupedal movement. Milner and colleagues used the

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of different animals, but warned it could not be used to teach about the real animal. Brown and Marsh stated that while these traits were fictitious, they were made believable by being based on the biology of real animals. Welles himself was "thrilled" to see

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skeletons. The type specimen is a cast of a large footprint catalogued as UCMP 79690-4, with casts of three other prints included in the hypodigm. In 1984, Welles conceded that no way had been found to prove or disprove that the footprints belonged to

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being too weakened to resist. The prey may then have been moved further back into the jaws, where the largest teeth were located, and killed by slicing bites (similar to some crocodilians) with the sideways-compressed teeth. The authors suggested that if

938:. Welles died in 1997, before he could name this supposed new dinosaur, and the idea that the two were separate genera has generally been ignored or forgotten since. In 1999, amateur paleontologist Stephan Pickering privately published the new name 3320:

of long bones and ribs of specimen UCMP 37303 (the lesser preserved of the two original skeletons). The bone tissues were well vascularized and had a fibro-lamellar structure similar to that found in other theropods and the sauropodomorph

5533: 1730:, and formed half of the socket for the fibula. It had long, stout feet with three well-developed toes that bore large claws, which were much less curved than those of the hand. The third toe was the stoutest, and the smaller first toe (the 3702:

of the original specimens, changes that happened during their decay and fossilization. The holotype skeleton was found lying on its right side, and its head and neck were recurved – curved backwards – in the

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specimens as juveniles, and the larger specimen as an adult, later interpreting them as different species. Paul suggested that the differences between the specimens was perhaps due to sexual dimorphism, as was seemingly also apparent in

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honored John Wetherill, a Navajo councilor whom Welles described as an "explorer, friend of scientists, and trusted trader". Wetherill's nephew, Milton, had first informed the expedition of the fossils. Welles placed the new species in

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cavities in the front of the skull. The antorbital fenestra was continuous with the side of the crests, which indicates the crests also had air sacs (a ridge of bone forms a roof over the antorbital fenestrae in most other theropods).

1230:, a gap in the tooth row (which has also been called a "notch"). Within the subnarial gap was a deep excavation behind the toothrow of the premaxilla, called the subnarial pit, which was walled by a downwards keel of the premaxilla. 2832:

had features that indicate it may have eaten fish. They pointed out that the ends of the jaws were expanded to the sides, forming a "rosette" of interlocking teeth, similar to those of spinosaurids, known to have eaten fish, and

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as the basal-most member. They therefore provided a diagnosis for the Dilophosauridae, based on features in the lower jaw. In the phylogenetic analysis accompanying their 2020 redescription, Marsh and Rowe found all specimens of

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specimens known were juvenile individuals, with only the largest an adult, based on the level of co-ossification of the bones. In 2005 Gay found no evidence of the sexual dimorphism suggested by Paul (but supposedly present in

3201:, which could have been used for head-butting. The Czerkas pointed out in 1990 that the crests could not have been used during battle, as their delicate structure would have been easily damaged. They suggested that they were a 1541:

fossae (or chonoses), conical recesses so large that the bones separating them were sometimes paper-thin. The centra were plano-concave, flat to weakly convex at the front and deeply cupped (or concave) at the back, similar to

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bore a pair of high, thin, and arched (or plate-shaped) crests longitudinally on the skull roof. The crests (termed the nasolacrimal crests) began as low ridges on the premaxillae and were mainly formed by the upwards expanded

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and other theropods originated deep inside the bone, decreasing in size the farther they were from the alveolar border. There were usually two or three replacement teeth in the alveoli, with the youngest being a small, hollow

3398:. Asymmetry can also result from traumatic events in early development of an animal, which would be more randomly distributed in time. A 2001 study conducted by paleontologist Bruce Rothschild and colleagues examined 60 3523:

The Kayenta Formation has yielded a small but growing assemblage of organisms. Most fossils are from the siltstone facies. Most organisms known so far are vertebrates. Non-vertebrates include microbial or "algal" limestone,

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in the group Coelophysoidea, along with but separate from the Coelophysidae. He placed the Coelophysoidea in the group Ceratosauria. In 2000, paleontologist James H. Madsen and Welles divided Ceratosauria into the families

753:, and that it would have had two crests on the top of its skull. Being a thin plate of bone, one crest was originally thought to be part of the missing left side of the skull, which had been pulled out of its position by a 1658:(shoulder blades) were moderate in length and concave on their inner sides to follow the body's curvature. The scapulae were wide, particularly the upper part, which was rectangular (or squared off), a unique feature. The 2812:" of teeth, and strengthened symphyseal region (similar to spinosaurids), was used to capture and manipulate prey, probably of relatively smaller size. The properties of its mandibular symphysis were similar to those of 1006:, a theropod from the same formation, named in 1940. This conclusion was confirmed by paleontologist Lida Xing and colleagues in 2013, and though paleontologist Guo-Fu Wang and colleagues agreed the species belonged in 883:

specimens. The juvenile specimen includes a partial humerus, a partial fibula, and a tooth fragment. In 2005, paleontologist Ronald S. Tykoski assigned a specimen (TMM 43646-140) from Gold Spring, Arizona, to

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was unable to perform scratch-digging, hook-pulling, to hold objects between two fingertips of one hand, to maintain balance by extending the arms outwards to the sides, or to probe small crevices like the modern

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help when catching fish. Lake Dixie, a large lake that extended from Utah to Arizona and Nevada, would have provided abundant fish in the "post-cataclysmic", biologically more impoverished world that followed the

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was slender and delicate at the front, but deep at the back. The teeth were long, curved, thin, and compressed sideways. Those in the lower jaw were much smaller than those of the upper jaw. Most of the teeth had

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by the Navajo, meaning "big lizard tracks". According to Mayor, Navajos used to hold ceremonies and make offerings to these monster tracks. Tridactyl tracks were also featured as decorations on the costumes and

3001:. The scapulae were held very horizontally, the resting orientation of the elbow would have been close to a right angle, and the orientation of the hand would not have deviated much from that of the lower arm. 7072:

Hamblin, A.H.; Foster, J.R. (2000). "Ancient animal footprints and traces in the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, south-central Utah". In Sprinkel, D.A.; Chidsey, T.C. Jr.; Anderson, P.B. (eds.).

4702: 1041:, though small compared to some of the later theropods. It was also the largest known land-animal of North America during the Early Jurassic. Slender and lightly built, its size was comparable to that of a 3347:, the inner wall between the interdental plates was resorbed and formed a nutrient notch. As the new tooth erupted, it moved outwards to center itself in the alveolus, and the nutrient notch closed over. 3979:

effects. For the novel, Crichton invented the dinosaur's ability to spit venom (explaining how it was able to kill prey, in spite of its seemingly weak jaws). The art department added another feature, a

3028:

could be retracted into a position that was almost parallel with the scapula, protracted to an almost vertical level, and elevated 65°. The elbow could not be flexed past a right angle to the humerus.

2924:

respiratory system of mammals (wherein the air flows in and out of the lungs). Unidirectional breathing indicates relatively high metabolic rates and therefore high levels of activity, indicating that

2781:, with its massive neck and skull and large upper teeth, to have been adapted for killing large prey, and strong enough to attack any Early Jurassic herbivores. In 1988, Paul dismissed the idea that 969:

specimens, and that differences between them were due to their different degree of maturity and preservation. They did not find considerable stratigraphic separation between the specimens either.

3422:, and deformities on the first phalanx bone of the third finger. This finger was permanently deformed and unable to flex. The deformities of the humerus and the third finger may have been due to 3237:(used in display or combat to compete for mates) was a more likely explanation, due to the high cost of developing them, and because such structures appear to be highly variable within species. 1881:), and that this feature is, therefore, not unique to the genus, and of limited use for determining interrelationships within their group. Paleontologist Adam M. Yates described the genus 2789:

was better braced than had been thought previously, and that the very large, slender maxillary teeth were more lethal than the claws. Paul suggested that it hunted large animals such as

1969:

in 2015, and noted that while general uncertainty exists about the placement of this group, it appears to be slightly more derived than the Coelophysoidea, and the sister group to the

6914:

Curtis, K.; Padian, K. (1999). "An Early Jurassic microvertebrate fauna from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona: microfaunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary".

1548:. This indicates that the neck was flexible, though it had long, overlapping cervical ribs, which were fused to the centra. The cervical ribs were slender and may have bent easily. 1351:

had two upwards-pointing processes, the first of which formed part of the lower margin of the antorbital fenestra, and part of the lower margin of the orbit. A projection from the

761:, while the 1964 specimen was an adult, about one-third larger than the others. Welles later recalled that he thought the crests were as unexpected as finding "wings on a worm". 7098:

Reisdorf, A.G.; Wuttke, M. (2012). "Re-evaluating Moodie's opisthotonic-posture hypothesis in fossil vertebrates, Part I: Reptiles – the taphonomy of the bipedal dinosaurs

3864:

of Connecticut in 1991. The area they were found in had been a Triassic lake, and when the significance of the area was confirmed, the highway was rerouted, and the area made a

3249:

likely had a role in species identification or intersexual/intrasexual selection, as in some modern birds. It is unknown if the air sacs in the crests supported such functions.

1323:

could have enlarged them much more than what is indicated by the bone. As only one specimen preserves much of the crests, whether they differed between individuals is unknown.

3386:) or artifacts. Welles also noted that it had a smaller and more delicate left humerus than the right, but with the reverse condition in its forearms. In 2001, paleontologist 3059:

made first contact with the prey rather than the hands. Capture of prey with the forelimbs would only be possible for seizing animals small enough to fit beneath the chest of

961:

based on different skull features and stratigraphic separation, pending thorough description of assigned specimens. Marsh and Rowe concluded in 2020 that there was only one

934:, but to a new genus, based on differences in the skull, vertebrae, and femora. He maintained that both genera bore crests, but that the exact shape of these was unknown in 7274: 6644:

Contextualizing the evolution of theropod dinosaurs in western North America using U-Pb geochronology of the Chinle Formation and Kayenta Formation on the Colorado Plateau

1575:. Uniquely for this genus, additional laminae emanated from the middle trunk vertebrae's anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae and posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae. The 1419:

29 to 33 were on the back. At least the second and third teeth of the premaxilla had serrations, but the fourth tooth did not. The teeth were covered in a thin layer of

3205:

for attracting a mate, and even thermoregulation. In 1990, paleontologist Walter P. Coombs stated that the crests may have been enhanced by colors for use in display.

3165:

colleagues found the inferred pose unnecessary, and suggested the track was instead made in a similar way as SGDS 18.T1, but without leaving traces of the digits.

3483:

stages of the Early Jurassic, approximately 196–186 million years ago (187–190 mya has also been suggested, and the age of the Kayenta is considered complex). As

2320:

In 2019, paleontologists Marion Zahner and Winand Brinkmann found the members of the Dilophosauridae to be successive basal sister taxa of the Averostra rather than a

674:, and the feet were also reconstructed. At the time, it was one of the best-preserved skeletons of a theropod dinosaur, though incomplete. In 1954, the paleontologist 984:, with a pair of crests and a gap separating the premaxilla from the maxilla, but differs in some details. The paleontologist Shaojin Hu named it as a new species of 3063:, or larger prey that had been forced down with its mouth. The great length of the head and neck would have enabled the snout to extend much further than the hands. 6041:

Therrien, F.; Henderson, D.; Ruff, C. (2005). "Bite me – biomechanical models of theropod mandibles and implications for feeding behavior". In Carpenter, K. (ed.).

4714: 3378:(groove or furrow) on the neural arch of a cervical vertebra that may have been due to an injury or crushing, and two pits on the right humerus that may have been 3197:. Bakker considered the crests sexual adornments in 1986, noting they were so thin that they could only have been for visual effect, unlike the heavier crests of 4784: 444:

in 1954. Welles found a larger skeleton belonging to the same species in 1964. Realizing it bore crests on its skull, he assigned the species to the new genus

4663: 3896:

fossils had been taken without permission from the Navajo Reservation, and because they did not reside in Arizona anymore (an 11-year-old boy again suggested

6704: 691:. The nearly complete specimen (catalogued as UCMP 37302) was made the holotype of the species, and the second specimen (UCMP 37303) was made the 6067: 3277:, which had "robust" and "gracile" forms of the same size, that might otherwise have been regarded as separate species. Following this scheme, the smaller 1045:. The largest known specimen weighed about 400 kilograms (880 lb), measured about 7 meters (23 ft) in length, and its skull was 590 millimeters ( 6879:

Lucas, S.G.; Tanner, L.H. (2007). "Tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Triassic–Jurassic transition on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA".

2705:. They pointed out that differences between ichnotaxa may reflect how the trackmaker interacted with the substrate rather than taxonomy. They also found 2568:. The paleontologist Martin Kundrát agreed that the track showed feather impressions in 2004, but this interpretation was disputed by the paleontologist 3512:. The environment was seasonally dry, with sand dunes migrating in and out of the wet environments where animals lived, and has been likened to a river 741: mi) south of where the 1942 specimens had been found. The nearly complete specimen (catalogued as UCMP 77270) was collected with the help of 11998: 6839: 535:. It may have grown rapidly, attaining a growth rate of 30 to 35 kg (66 to 77 lb) per year early in life. The holotype specimen had multiple 3499:

that includes formations in northern Arizona, parts of southeastern Utah, western Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. It is composed mostly of two

1375:

was slender and delicate at the front, but the articular region (where it connected with the skull) was massive, and the mandible was deep around the

3998:

was presented as only 1.2 meters (4 ft) tall, instead of its assumed true height of about 3.0 meters (10 ft). Nicknamed "the spitter", the

2765:

predator, and that if it did kill large animals, it would have done so with its hands and feet rather than its jaws. Welles did not find evidence of

1555:(the first cervical vertebra which attaches to the skull) had a small, cubic centrum, and had a concavity at the front where it formed a cup for the 2721:

of Utah, though the dinosaur itself is not known from the formation, which is slightly older than the Kayenta Formation. Weems stated in 2019 that

7385: 4051:: he noted the inaccuracies, but found them minor points, enjoyed the movie, and was happy to find the dinosaur "an internationally known actor". 3394:. This anomaly can be caused by stress in animal populations, for example due to disturbances in their environment, and may indicate more intense 1791:, the two main groups into which theropods had hitherto been divided, based on body size, and he suggested this division was inaccurate. He found 1214:

was large in proportion to the overall skeleton, yet delicate. The snout was narrow in front view, becoming narrower towards the rounded top. The

11988: 11895: 614: 5183:"Crouching theropods in taxonomic jungles: Ichnological and ichnotaxonomic investigations of footprints with metatarsal and ischial impressions" 3406:(which are caused by strenuous, repetitive actions), but none were found. Such injuries can be the result of very active, predatory lifestyles. 2903:

from earlier theropods were associated with increased body size and macropredation (preying on large animals). While Marsh and Rowe agreed that

7470: 5235: 1331:(pockets of air that provide strength for and lighten bones) were present in the bones that surrounded the brain, and were continuous with the 2576:

and colleagues in 2004, who considered them as sedimentological artifacts. Martin and colleagues also reassigned the track to the ichnotaxon

7190: 3892:

was not unique to Arizona. A compromise was suggested that would recognize both dinosaurs, but the bill died when it was revealed that the

3508:

slower, more sluggish part of the river system. Kayenta Formation deposition was ended by the encroaching dune field that would become the

2448:

from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona, on two levels 14 m (45 ft) and 112 m (367 ft) below where the original

1771:

in 1954, but revised his opinion in 1970 after discovering that it had crests. By 1974, Welles and the paleontologist Robert A. Long found

678:, who was part of the group who excavated the skeletons, preliminarily described and named this dinosaur as a new species in the existing 4018:

probably did not have a frill and could not spit venom like in the movie, its bite could have been venomous, as has been claimed for the

1648:

Forelimb bones of the holotype (above), and pelvic bones (lower left and middle) and hindlimb bones (lower right) of an assigned specimen

6262:"Resting orientations of dinosaur scapulae and forelimbs: A numerical analysis, with implications for reconstructions and museum mounts" 5695:

Gierliński, G.; Ahlberg, A. (1994). "Late triassic and early jurassic dinosaur footprints in the Höganäs Formation of southern Sweden".

3049:

the other forelimb farthest from the body, to seize prey beneath the chest or the base of the neck, and to clutch objects to the chest.

5419: 3120:

traveled in groups. Gay agreed that they may have traveled in small groups, but noted that no direct evidence supported this, and that

3131:

trackway SGDS 18.T1 in 2009, which consists of typical footprints with tail drags and a more unusual resting trace, deposited in

1127:

artifacts created as the dinosaur moved, though this interpretation does not rule out that the track-maker could have borne feathers.

12018: 11993: 7221: 6451:"The 'species recognition hypothesis' does not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs" 4236: 4812:

n. sp., the largest terrestrial predator from Europe, and a proposed terminology of the maxilla anatomy in non-avian theropods"

11869: 4438: 2544:

based on them, with a cast of footprint MGIW 1560.11.12 as the holotype. In 1994 Gierliński also assigned footprints from the

1391:(where the two halves of the lower jaw connected) was flat and smooth, and showed no sign of being fused with its opposite half. A 7520: 3185:

were conjectural, but thought that, though the crests had no grooves to indicate vascularization, they could have been used for

637:

Jesse Williams brought three members of the expedition to some fossil bones he had discovered in 1940. The area was part of the

12013: 4038:

lacked the prominent notch in the upper jaw, and concluded that the movie-makers had done a good job at creating a frightening

3016:

by manipulating the bones, to test hypothesized functions of the fore limbs. They also took into account that experiments with

2843: 1917:(or "primitive") theropods, indicating that theropods may have passed through a "coelophysoid stage" in their early evolution. 6384:"The evolution of 'bizarre structures' in dinosaurs: Biomechanics, sexual selection, social selection or species recognition?" 4522: 12003: 7368: 7343: 7318: 7165: 7082: 7007: 6562: 6529: 6366: 6207: 6182: 6050: 6025: 5781: 5283: 5090: 5057: 5024: 4755: 4502: 4474: 4278: 4067: 1403:

had a unique pyramidal process in front of the articulation with the quadrate, and this horizontal ridge formed a shelf. The

942:"breedorum" based on the 1964 specimen, named in honor of Breed, who had assisted in collecting it. This name is considered a 630: 6936:

Jenkins, F. A.; Crompton, A. W.; Downs, W. R. (1983). "Mesozoic mammals from Arizona: New evidence on mammalian evolution".

9643: 9636: 7624: 7247: 5454:"A new theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa and its implications for the early evolution of theropods" 2423: 1397: 11766: 6493:. Abstracts of Papers. Vol. 16, no. 3. American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. pp. 1A–80A. 1281: 7603: 3233:

argued that species recognition was not unlikely as a secondary function for "bizarre structures" in dinosaurs, but that

3139:. The trackway began with the animal first oriented approximately in parallel with the shoreline, and then stopping by a 5109:

Gierliński, G. (1996). "Feather-like impressions in a theropod resting trace from the Lower Jurassic of Massachusetts".

2808:

decreased rapidly hindwards in the tooth-throw. This indicates that the front of the mandible, with its upturned chin, "

7516: 4434: 4232: 2957: 2753: 2714: 865:

was the first well-known theropod from the Early Jurassic, and remains one of the best-preserved examples of that age.

1297: 1200:(upper middle), assigned specimen (upper right), paratype and assigned mandible (lower left and middle), and assigned 4772: 3901:

to keep them in the ground, and a museum built so people could come to see them there. Further field work related to

3682:

mammal. The majority of these finds come from the vicinity of Gold Spring, Arizona. Vertebrate trace fossils include

3024:, ligaments, and muscles) than what would be indicated by manipulation of bare bones. They found that the humerus of 2773:, a feature that allows individual bones of the skull to move in relation to each other. In 1986, the paleontologist 390: 7025:"Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon" 3984:

or cowl folded against its neck that expanded and vibrated as the animal prepared to attack, similar to that of the

5363:

Holtz, T.R. Jr. (1994). "The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: Implications for theropod systematics".

1537:(depressions on the sides) and centrocoels (cavities on the inside). The arches of the cervical vertebrae also had 10431: 2785:

was a scavenger, and claimed that strictly scavenging terrestrial animals are a myth. He stated that the snout of

2511: in) tall at the hips, compared to the 1.50–1.75 m (4 ft 11 in – 5 ft 9 in) of 2483:

individual, but found that unlikely, as they estimated the trackmaker would have been 2.83–2.99 m (9 ft

1877:

was discovered to have had crests on its skull, other similarly crested theropods have been discovered (including

1826:

were late-surviving dilophosaurs, based on similarity of the kinked snout, nostril position, and slender teeth of

12023: 8965: 2797: 1273: 8951: 6082: 719:

Welles returned to Tuba City in 1964 to determine the age of the Kayenta Formation (it had been suggested to be

11204: 6777:

Luttrell, P.R.; Morales, M. (1993). "Bridging the gap across Moenkopi Wash: a lithostratigraphic correlation".

3433:

Restoration of the right hand of the holotype in flexion, with the deformed third finger (below) unable to flex

660:

The nearly complete first specimen was cleaned and mounted at the UCMP under supervision of the paleontologist

4202: 3536:. Vertebrates are known from both body fossils and trace fossils. Vertebrates known from body fossils include 1913:

was more derived than the Coelophysoidea, the features it shared with this group may have been inherited from

480:

longitudinal, arched crests on its skull; their complete shape is unknown, but they were probably enlarged by

11645: 8944: 8140: 6357:

Coombs, W.P. (1990). "Behavior patterns of dinosaurs". In Weishampel, D.B.; Osmolska, H.; Dodson, P. (eds.).

5660:

Gierliński, G. (1991). "New dinosaur ichnotaxa from the Early Jurassic of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland".

2479:

from the Kayenta Formation made by a very large theropod. They noted it could have been made by a very large

10449: 8146: 6854: 5868:

Lucas, S.G.; Klein, H.; Lockley, M.G.; Spielmann, J.A.; Gierlinski, G.D.; Hunt, A. P.; Tanner, L.H. (2006).

5489:(Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution" 4634:(Thesis). University of Texas. pp. 1–232 – via UT Libraries: Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1449: 11218: 6417:"Bizarre structures in dinosaurs: species recognition or sexual selection? A response to Padian and Horner" 4580:

Carrano, M.T.; Benson, R.B.J.; Sampson, S.D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".

9650: 5236:"A theropod resting trace that is also a locomotion trace: case study of Hitchcock's specimen AC 1/7" 4972: 4562:. Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontologists Annual Meeting. Vol. 1. Mesa, Arizona. p. 1. 4327:(Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona" 2988:

In 2005, paleontologists Phil Senter and James H. Robins examined the range of motion in the forelimbs of

150: 6330:: Range of motion, influence of paleopathology and soft tissues, and description of a distal carpal bone" 5900:

Milner, Andrew R.C.; Harris, J.D.; Lockley, M.G.; Kirkland, J.I.; Matthews, N.A.; Harpending, H. (2009).

3711:(due to death-spasms) at the time, but may instead have been the result of how a carcass was embedded in 948:, an invalidly published name, and Gay pointed out in 2005 that no significant differences exist between 8958: 5902:"Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an Early Jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace" 12008: 11941: 11211: 7573: 7401: 6585:"Record-breaking pain: The largest number and variety of forelimb bone maladies in a theropod dinosaur" 4004: 3930: 797: 746: 10456: 5333: 5274:

Tykoski, R.S.; Rowe, T. (2004). "Ceratosauria". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmolska, H. (eds.).

4926:

Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Rothschild, B.M.; Ran, H.; Zhang, J.; Dong, Z.; Zhang, W.; Currie, P.J. (2013).

3882:

was proposed as the state dinosaur of Arizona by a nine-year-old boy in 1998, but lawmakers suggested

2473:. In 1996, the paleontologists Michael Morales and Scott Bulkey reported a trackway of the ichnogenus 11779: 3915: 1356: 650: 6840:"Guidebook to the Colorado river: Part 3, Moab to Hite, Utah through Canyonlands National Park" 5247: 4895:

Lamanna, M.C.; Holtz, T.R. Jr.; Dodson, P. (1998). "A reassessment of the Chinese theropod dinosaur

3080: 2853: 2556:

of Massachusetts, a resting trace he believed to show feather impressions, to a theropod similar to

2351:. Their analysis did not find support for Dilophosauridae, and they suggested cranial crests were a 2324:

clade (a natural group), but noted that some of their analyses did find the group valid, containing

888:, but in 2012, paleontologist Matthew T. Carrano and colleagues found it to differ in some details. 749:

and others. During preparation of this specimen, it became clear that it was a larger individual of

7691: 4034:, as well as the improbability of its venom and frill. Bakker pointed out in 2014 that the movie's 3616: 861:

in 1984, but did not include the 1964 specimen, since he thought it belonged to a different genus.

3732: 2919:

In a 2021 article, paleontologist Matthew A. Brown and Rowe stated that these remains showed that

1383:, compared to that of coelophysoids, and reduced from front to back, uniquely for this genus. The 426:

in 1940, and the two best preserved were collected in 1942. The most complete specimen became the

11837: 11773: 10437: 7596: 7198: 5637:

Morales, M.; Bulkley, S. (1996). "Paleoichnological evidence for a theropod dinosaur larger than

4078: 3846: 3367: 3331:

may have attained a growth rate of 30 to 35 kilograms (66 to 77 lb) per year early in life.

2793:, and that it was more capable of snapping small animals than other theropods of a similar size. 2553: 1719: 696: 6554: 6546: 6521: 6513: 5773: 5753: 3741: 2377: 11926: 11799: 6068:"The case for fishing dinosaurs at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm" 5082: 4464: 3905:

in the Navajo Nation was conducted with permission from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department.

3865: 2545: 2368: 1469: 593: 11900: 6750: 6014: 5869: 5849:; its bearing on the biomechanics and ichnotaxonomy of Early Mesozoic saurischian dinosaurs". 5016: 5009: 1440: 11921: 11913: 10162: 10074: 7310: 7304: 6698: 5049: 5042: 3941: 3850: 3391: 3221:, were known to test their evolutionary function statistically, and whether they represented 3124:

could have picked up scattered bones from different individuals and deposited them together.

3020:

carcasses show that the range of motion is greater in elbows covered in soft tissue (such as

2589:

Cast in Japan of a resting trace from Massachusetts, which was argued to have been made by a

1914: 1538: 1002: 573: 278: 5427: 3845:

was chosen because tracks thought to have been made by similar dinosaurs were discovered in

3343:. The replacement teeth erupted on the outer side of the old teeth. When a tooth neared the 3012:

In 2018, Senter and Corwin Sullivan examined the range of motion in the fore limb joints of

475:

At about 7 m (23 ft) in length, with a weight of about 400 kg (880 lb),

11967: 11856: 11731: 9851: 9819: 7115: 6945: 6888: 6812: 6596: 6273: 6124: 5972: 5913: 5814: 5704: 5669: 5568: 5557:"A Triassic averostran-line theropod from Switzerland and the early evolution of dinosaurs" 5372: 5197: 5144: 4943: 4823: 4589: 4338: 4190: 3972: 3950: 3921: 2519: 1982: 1388: 996:, referring to China). In 1998, the paleontologist Matthew C. Lamanna and colleagues found 891:

In 2020, the paleontologists Adam D. Marsh and Timothy B. Rowe comprehensively redescribed

793: 578: 454:. The genus name means "two-crested lizard", and the species name honors John Wetherill, a 138: 11198: 6667:"Magnetostratigraphy and paleopoles of the Kayenta Formation and the Tenney Canyon Tongue" 4220: 3041:

limited mobility, and the fingers diverged during flexion, and were very hyperextensible.

2948: 1961:

Paleontologist Christophe Hendrickx and colleagues defined the Dilophosauridae to include

1478: 8: 10175: 9962: 4039: 3967:

was acknowledged as the "only serious departure from scientific veracity" in the movie's

3869: 3809: 3754: 3631: 3492: 3375: 3229:. In a response to Padian and Horner the same year, the paleontologists Rob J. Knell and 3194: 3190: 2977:

which would have made it fleet-footed and agile during bipedal locomotion. Paul depicted

2597:

and to include feather impressions around the belly (arrow), but this has been questioned

2445: 1989:

is based on that published by Hendrickx and colleagues, itself based on earlier studies:

1601: 1376: 1316: 1242: 924: 915: 758: 528: 10444: 7119: 6949: 6892: 6816: 6600: 6277: 6128: 5976: 5917: 5818: 5708: 5673: 5572: 5376: 5201: 5148: 4947: 4903:. Abstracts of Papers, Fifty-Eighth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 4827: 4593: 4426: 4342: 4194: 2899:

specimen. Marsh and Rowe suggested in 2020 that many of the features that distinguished

1404: 11983: 11638: 10151: 10011: 9867: 9807: 9242: 9152: 9035: 7899: 7589: 7557: 7500: 7448: 7440: 7171: 7131: 7049: 7024: 6969: 6619: 6584: 6494: 6416: 6296: 6261: 6147: 6108: 5988: 5936: 5901: 5731: 5615: 5589: 5556: 5415: 5396: 5388: 5329: 5311: 5299: 5213: 5075: 4908: 4846: 4807: 4629: 4605: 4422: 4401: 4385: 4356: 4216: 4178: 4147: 3455: 3395: 2908:

the forelimbs during predation and scavenging. They considered the large bite marks on

2846:(wherein about three quarters of life on Earth vanished), 5 to 15 million years before 2338: 1898: 1715: 1687: 1504: 1487: 1427:

at various stages of eruption. The interdental plates between the teeth were very low.

1339: 1246: 716:", wherein many species of theropods were placed, regardless of their age or locality. 303: 254: 145: 7545: 7504: 5182: 4687: 2891:

front end of the right tibia. The quarry where the holotype and paratype specimens of

1856: 1690:(the downwards process of the ilium), and its outer side was concave. The foot of the 1610: 11908: 11520: 11437: 11411: 11250: 11237: 11115: 10665: 10617: 9449: 8799: 7878: 7567: 7452: 7364: 7339: 7314: 7161: 7135: 7078: 7054: 7003: 6961: 6723:"Stratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic and the Jurassic rocks of the Navajo country" 6686: 6624: 6558: 6525: 6435: 6400: 6383: 6362: 6301: 6203: 6178: 6152: 6046: 6021: 5992: 5941: 5777: 5681: 5594: 5505: 5484: 5465: 5400: 5345: 5279: 5217: 5160: 5086: 5053: 5044:

Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages

5020: 4851: 4751: 4560:(Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona 4498: 4470: 4360: 4274: 3496: 3222: 3004: 2825: 2718: 2578: 2573: 1698:, which also had a very thin shaft. The hind legs were large, with a slighter longer 1556: 1424: 1392: 1332: 930:

In 1984, Welles suggested that the 1964 specimen (UCMP 77270) did not belong to

805: 713: 661: 638: 544: 459: 134: 6973: 4609: 1398: 518:

and later theropods, but some researchers have not found support for this grouping.

462:

have also been attributed to the animal, including resting traces. Another species,

11955: 11624: 11381: 11291: 11080: 11004: 10867: 10786: 10758: 10718: 10599: 10569: 10087: 9840: 9704: 9561: 9461: 9310: 9217: 9175: 8742: 8052: 7466: 7432: 7275:"Arizona has no official state dinosaur, so an 11 year-old proposed one – the 7123: 7044: 7036: 6953: 6896: 6824: 6820: 6678: 6647: 6614: 6604: 6462: 6431: 6395: 6337: 6291: 6281: 6240: 6142: 6132: 6009: 5980: 5931: 5921: 5870:"Triassic–Jurassic stratigraphic distribution of the theropod footprint ichnogenus 5822: 5712: 5677: 5584: 5576: 5500: 5380: 5205: 5152: 4973:"A new crested theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China" 4951: 4841: 4831: 4683: 4597: 4346: 4198: 3954: 3946: 3585: 3509: 3359: 3234: 3230: 3186: 2882:

bore possible tooth marks scattered across the skeleton that may have been left by

2809: 2774: 2643: 2621: 1711: 1576: 1564: 1559:(protuberance that connects with the atlas vertebra) at the back of the skull. The 1516: 1508: 1295:

between them cannot be determined. The lacrimal bone expanded into a thick, rugose

1282: 1256: 1187: 1124: 1026:

Size of the largest known (left) and holotype (right) specimens compared to a human

973: 742: 675: 642: 626: 598: 536: 532: 441: 423: 337: 7436: 6957: 6666: 5984: 5453: 4932:(Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Jurassic strata of the Lufeng Basin, China" 3116:

together, and the presence of criss-crossed trackways nearby, as indications that

2876:

In 2018, Marsh and Rowe reported that the holotype specimen of the sauropodomorph

2821:

indeed fed on small prey, possible hunting packs would have been of limited size.

1920:

In 2007, paleontologist Nathan D. Smith and colleagues found the crested theropod

1630: 1178: 498:. The thigh bone was massive, the feet were stout, and the toes bore large claws. 11687: 11425: 11388: 11320: 11175: 11168: 10988: 10930: 10903: 10893: 10853: 10688: 10547: 10531: 10349: 10321: 10299: 10186: 10031: 9738: 9512: 9395: 9373: 9294: 9123: 9100: 9093: 9071: 9057: 9050: 9011: 8862: 8709: 8636: 8625: 8561: 8449: 8336: 7913: 7822: 7676: 7651: 6900: 6722: 6609: 6286: 6137: 5926: 4836: 4742:(2005). "Evidence for sexual dimorphism in the Early Jurassic theropod dinosaur, 4601: 4082: 3876:, the first life-sized reconstruction of this dinosaur, was donated to the park. 3648: 3574: 3419: 3403: 3226: 2766: 2671: 2227: 2186: 2094: 1922: 1862: 1846: 1833: 1807: 1796: 1723: 1520: 1304: 1238: 1169: 1158: 977: 728: 610: 505: 1694:

was only slightly expanded, whereas the lower end was much more expanded on the

1592: 1534: 1458: 1241:(tooth sockets) was oval. The maxilla was shallow, and was depressed around the 1063:

specimen weighed about 283 kilograms (624 lb), was 6.03 meters (19 ft

1022: 11652: 11615: 11596: 11558: 11547: 11344: 11057: 11015: 10997: 10977: 10874: 10588: 10333: 10195: 10022: 10004: 9832: 9799: 9785: 9746: 9520: 9381: 9338: 9331: 9253: 9229: 9182: 9141: 9078: 9064: 8792: 8777: 8604: 8438: 8302: 8270: 8259: 8236: 8198: 8059: 8029: 7953: 7892: 7791: 3985: 3971:

book, and as the "most fictionalized" of the movie's dinosaurs in a book about

3834: 3783: 3770: 3719:, as indicated by the variety of animals found as fragments and bone breakage. 3669: 3658: 3639: 3622: 3525: 3465: 3423: 3323: 3213: 3202: 2606: 2569: 2395: 1927: 1842: 1757: 1360: 1298: 1149: 1140: 1120: 774: 724: 560: 549: 524: 419: 30: 7175: 7127: 6245: 6224: 5716: 5618:(1971). "Dinosaur footprints from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona". 5580: 5384: 5209: 4956: 4927: 3305:, he suggested that these would have grown larger as the animal became adult. 2646:

and colleagues stated in 2006 that virtually universal agreement existed that

1621: 1368: 11977: 11822: 11694: 11540: 11501: 11480: 11359: 11352: 11279: 11073: 11046: 10912: 10829: 10807: 10800: 10793: 10736: 10653: 10516: 10488: 10475: 10399: 10276: 10116: 9950: 9881: 9767: 9754: 9499: 9477: 9470: 9434: 9407: 9359: 9283: 9019: 8810: 8784: 8700: 8681: 8674: 8611: 8590: 8569: 8554: 8540: 8499: 8465: 8458: 8377: 8229: 8116: 8109: 8036: 8006: 7995: 7885: 7856: 7775: 6995: 6987: 6690: 6682: 5469: 5349: 5137:

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution

5131:

Kundrát, M. (2004). "When did theropods become feathered? – Evidence for pre-

4739: 4551: 4019: 3963: 3792: 3591: 3579: 3565: 3488: 3429: 3317: 3262: 2933: 2800:

study by the palaeontologist François Therrien and colleagues found that the

2437: 2391: 2387: 2352: 2050: 2027: 1811: 1784: 1776: 1639: 1568: 1352: 1292: 1260: 1223: 1116: 1111: 869: 720: 634: 622: 515: 455: 415: 76: 6751:"Arizona's Jurassic fossil vertebrates and the age of the Glen Canyon Group" 5827: 5798: 5278:(2 ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 47–70. 3355: 3143:

with both feet in parallel, whereafter it lowered its body, and brought its

2518:

The paleontologist Gerard Gierliński examined tridactyl footprints from the

664:, a process that took three men two years. The skeleton was wall-mounted in 11666: 11604: 11574: 11494: 11487: 11465: 11457: 11337: 11329: 11309: 11024: 10943: 10881: 10772: 10743: 10695: 10524: 10509: 10284: 10216: 10144: 10123: 10102: 9918: 9874: 9682: 9669: 9599: 9552: 9427: 9317: 9269: 9262: 9199: 9168: 9161: 9042: 8869: 8721: 8618: 8520: 8513: 8408: 8392: 8328: 8279: 8211: 7988: 7871: 7864: 7835: 7798: 7767: 7058: 7040: 6965: 6628: 6305: 6156: 5945: 5598: 5164: 4855: 4027: 3990: 3976: 3884: 3861: 3762: 3708: 3707:" in which dinosaur skeletons are often found. This pose was thought to be 3674: 3652: 3635: 3570: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3414:

of the thumb. On the right side it had torsion of its humeral shaft, three

3411: 3387: 3327:. The plexiform (woven) structure of the bones suggested rapid growth, and 3309: 3241: 3209: 3121: 2790: 2611: 2585: 2321: 2160: 2125: 2014: 1998: 1906: 1902: 1883: 1580: 1544: 1420: 1384: 1359:(opening behind the eye) gave this a reniform (kidney-shaped) outline. The 1252: 854: 708:, and because he did not find great differences between them. At the time, 683: 510: 432: 313: 234: 11848: 6361:(1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 42. 3257: 3071: 1274: 972:

A nearly complete theropod skeleton (KMV 8701) was discovered in the

466:

from China, was named in 1993, but was later found to belong to the genus

11882: 11831: 11720: 11701: 11631: 11581: 11567: 11509: 11450: 11395: 11272: 11066: 10950: 10919: 10836: 10822: 10554: 10502: 10370: 10292: 10255: 10137: 10109: 10062: 9982: 9860: 9717: 9568: 9541: 9441: 9388: 9324: 9303: 9276: 9027: 8840: 8833: 8819: 8645: 8492: 8483: 8385: 8356: 8286: 8251: 8244: 8044: 8022: 8015: 7974: 7966: 7942: 7927: 7906: 7814: 7806: 6651: 5799:"Revision and re-evaluation of the Early Jurassic dinosaurian ichnogenus 3838: 3826: 3805: 3779: 3664: 3606: 3597: 3415: 3340: 3144: 3037: 2878: 2862: 2731: 2347:

to form a monophyletic group, sister to Averostra, and more derived than

2074: 1893: 1788: 1748: 1683: 944: 879: 618: 564: 555: 458:

councilor. Further specimens have since been found, including an infant.

51: 7156:

Mayor, A. (2005). "The Southwest: Fossil fetishes and monster slayers".

5156: 4351: 4322: 2689:. They suggested that the long claw marks that were used to distinguish 1795:

to be closest to those theropods that were usually placed in the family

1367:) was about half the breadth of the occipital condyle, which was itself 909: 581:, where it was given the fictional abilities to spit venom and expand a 11874: 11659: 11588: 11533: 11154: 10961: 10779: 10765: 10750: 10702: 10636: 10562: 10384: 10377: 10363: 10269: 10202: 10130: 10094: 10047: 9989: 9975: 9942: 9934: 9927: 9908: 9731: 9696: 9484: 9085: 8876: 8826: 8763: 8734: 8689: 8667: 8660: 8652: 8576: 8472: 8431: 8424: 8416: 8400: 8320: 8191: 8067: 7920: 7783: 7642: 7444: 6498: 5739:

Tracking Dinosaur Origins: The Triassic/Jurassic Terrestrial Transition

5392: 5315: 4912: 4405: 4181:(1954). "New Jurassic dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona". 3981: 3926: 3854: 3812:

carved onto them, and the criss-crossing tracks of the area are called

3704: 3679: 3559: 3550: 3476: 3132: 3033: 2867: 2866:

with a probable tooth mark on its outer surface (C) possibly left by a

2801: 2418: 2203: 1992: 1901:

suggested they did not belong in the Coelophysoidea, but rather in the

1823: 1768: 1691: 1552: 1500: 1348: 1288: 1215: 1042: 670: 665: 582: 468: 422:, about 186 million years ago. Three skeletons were discovered in 208: 96: 61: 34: 11887: 6547:"Theropod stress fractures and tendon avulsions as a clue to activity" 6467: 6450: 3173: 853:) meaning "lizard": "two-crested lizard". Welles published a detailed 11680: 11673: 11373: 11366: 11039: 11031: 10970: 10624: 10342: 9888: 9792: 9527: 9112: 8997: 8984: 8911: 8847: 8770: 8749: 8506: 8369: 8177: 8164: 8082: 7934: 7753: 7740: 7703: 7612: 5959:

Weems, R.E. (2019). "Evidence for bipedal prosauropods as the likely

3968: 3712: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3644: 3602: 3504: 3379: 3198: 3181:

Welles conceded that suggestions as to the function of the crests of

3148: 3136: 3029: 3021: 3017: 2937: 2838: 2532: 2475: 2453: 2433: 2408: 2399: 2243: 2172: 2147: 1986: 1970: 1955: 1727: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1659: 1572: 1560: 1496: 1364: 1308: 1201: 1034: 754: 646: 495: 490: 221: 162: 101: 45: 11793: 7222:"Discovered dinosaur tracks re-route highway and lead to state park" 5641:

in the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation. The Continental Jurassic".

4746:

and a comparison with other related forms". In Carpenter, K. (ed.).

2625:, another ichnotaxon named by Welles in 1971, as the best match for 1985:, or were a feature inherited from a common ancestor. The following 783: 125: 11816: 11264: 10681: 10674: 10646: 10539: 10039: 9420: 8756: 8583: 8344: 7981: 7660: 7636: 3818: 3555: 3545: 3529: 3517: 3480: 3344: 3298: 2982: 2834: 2590: 1828: 1742: 1655: 1372: 1371:(heart-shaped), and had a short neck and a groove on the side. The 1328: 1324: 1234: 1227: 1197: 1115:

has been interpreted by some researchers as showing impressions of

1060: 1038: 801: 692: 485: 427: 411: 408: 195: 182: 91: 86: 71: 66: 56: 38: 6489:. Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5522:"An overview of non-avian theropod discoveries and classification" 4523:"The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" 3370:(ancient signs of disease, such as injuries and malformations) in 2729:, and argued they were instead made by the bipedal sauropodomorph 1533:

their centra (the "bodies" of the vertebrae) were hollowed out by

1343:

Reconstruction of the skull showing preserved extent of the crests

1077: in) long, with a hip height of about 1.36 meters (4 ft 539:, including healed injuries and signs of a developmental anomaly. 10814: 10576: 10306: 10209: 9534: 8855: 7077:. Salt Lake City: Utah Geological Association. pp. 557–568. 6342: 6325: 5483:

Smith, N.D.; Makovicky, P.J.; Hammer, W.R.; Currie, P.J. (2007).

3390:

suggested that this was caused by a developmental anomaly called

3157: 3055: 2981:

bouncing on its tail while lashing out at an enemy, similar to a

2969: 2857: 2756:; note the subnarial gap, large upper teeth, and slender mandible 2464:

based on them, in honor of Williams, the discoverer of the first

1695: 1664: 1395:

ran along the outer side of the dentary. The side surface of the

1312: 1219: 481: 106: 81: 11861: 5302:(1983). "Two centers of ossification in a theropod astragalus". 3495:

range of 15 million years. The Kayenta Formation is part of the

3487:

is known from the base to the middle of the formation, which is

2748: 11473: 11161: 8597: 7630: 7160:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 130–143. 4750:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 277–283. 4072: 3786:

stated Welles had noted that during the original excavation of

3500: 2813: 2654:, and that they and other researchers dismissed Weems' claims. 2523: 1731: 1512: 1379:(an opening on its side). The mandibular fenestra was small in 172: 7361:

The Winston Effect: The art and history of Stan Winston studio

4273:. London, UK: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. pp. 94–95. 1315:

or keratinized skin. They pointed out that by comparison with

1226:, as well as other dinosaurs. The subnarial gap resulted in a 10313: 10054: 9996: 6838:

Rigby, J.K.; Hamblin, W.K.; Matheny, R.; Welsh, S.L. (1971).

5772:. Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 4497:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 347–350. 3716: 3513: 2968:

as an active, clearly bipedal animal, similar to an enlarged

2956:

in a bird-like resting pose, based on a resting trace at the

1703: 1699: 962: 848: 679: 654: 404: 7581: 4971:

Wang, Guo-Fu; You, Hai-Lu; Pan, Shi-Gang; Wang, Tao (2017).

3008:

Diagram showing the forelimb in hypothesized resting posture

2552:. In 1996, Gierliński attributed track AC 1/7 from the 2526:

and concluded in 1991 that they belonged to a theropod like

1311:, while Marsh and Rowe stated they were probably covered in 367: 11737: 10356: 6721:

Harshbarger, J. W.; Repenning, C. A.; Irwin, J. H. (1957).

5899: 5420:"Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda): A revised osteology" 4323:"A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of 4014:

The geologist J. Bret Bennington noted in 1996 that though

3822: 3140: 2928:

was likely a fast, agile hunter. Brown and Rowe considered

1887:

from South Africa in 2005, and found it closely related to

1407:

process of the mandible (a backwards projection) was long.

1123:. Other researchers instead interpret these impressions as 382: 370: 358: 352: 343: 6994:, a new tetanuran from the early Jurassic of Arizona". In 6225:"Range of motion in the forelimb of the theropod dinosaur 5867: 5482: 4806:

Hendrickx, C.; Mateus, O.; Evans, Alistair Robert (2014).

4631:

Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods

3418:

on its radius, a truncated articular surface of its third

2916:

specimen within the same quarry as support for this idea.

1563:(the second cervical vertebra) had a heavy spine, and its 6847:

Brigham Young University Research Studies, Geology Series

6720: 5878:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin

5851:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin

5770:

The Great Rift Valleys of Pangea in Eastern North America

4203:

10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[591:NJDFTK]2.0.CO;2

3383: 3362:

in bones of the holotype, plotted onto a life restoration

3160:. Milner and colleagues also dismissed the idea that the 3096:, SGDS 18.T1, and map of the site (right) with this 2601:

The paleontologist Robert E. Weems proposed in 2003 that

1810:

classified the halticosaurs as a subfamily of the family

1105: in) long. A resting trace of a theropod similar to 6837: 3841:, to become official with the new state budget in 2019. 3475:

is known from the Kayenta Formation, which dates to the

1091: in), and its skull was 523 millimeters (1 ft 7029:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6020:. New York, NY: William Morrow. pp. 263–264, 339. 5180: 4707:

got almost everything wrong about this iconic dinosaur"

3829:, probably influenced by such dinosaur tracks. In 2017 3614:, several dinosaurs are known, including the theropods 1347:

The orbit was oval, and narrow towards the bottom. The

1291:

together (fusion during bone tissue formation), so the

764: 6553:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 6520:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 6202:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. p. 216. 5519: 3690:, lizard-like animals, and several types of dinosaur. 2713:

trackway and resting trace (SGDS 18.T1) from the

2701:

tracks may likewise also just represent variations of

1873:

Lamanna and colleagues pointed out in 1998 that since

1671:(lower arm bone) was stout and straight, with a stout 1303:

boss, forming an arc at the upper front border of the

1010:

in 2017, they suggested it may be a separate species,

11939: 7106:

from the Solnhofen archipelago (Jurassic, Germany)".

6040: 5513: 5081:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 4925: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4154:(Dinosauria, Theropoda), osteology and comparisons". 3528:, plant impressions, freshwater bivalves and snails, 2912:

specimens alongside shed teeth and the presence of a

1718:

was centered on the shaft. The tibia had a developed

731:), and discovered another skeleton about 400 m ( 391: 379: 373: 364: 355: 346: 6935: 6582: 4869:

Hu, S. (1993). "A short report on the occurrence of

4805: 4579: 4392:(Reptilia: Saurischia), a new name for a dinosaur". 3312:

study (microscopical study of internal features) of

585:, and was depicted as smaller than the real animal. 349: 340: 11146: 6658: 6544: 5732:"The Hitchcock enigma: first feathers or artifacts" 4458: 4456: 4030:likewise pointed out the wrong scale of the film's 3757:, Connecticut, attributed to a dinosaur similar to 1233:The outer surface of the premaxilla was covered in 361: 7338:. New York: Boxtree Ltd. pp. 24, 35–36, 113. 6749:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A. B.; Tanner, L.H. (2005). 6748: 6013: 5548: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5074: 5041: 5008: 4894: 4638: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 3800:The cliffs in Arizona that contained the bones of 3189:. He also suggested they could have been used for 2619:as a possible trackmaker. Instead, Weems proposed 1954:being more derived, as basal members of the group 1726:(ankle bone) was separated from the tibia and the 653:. Three dinosaur skeletons were found in purplish 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 6881:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 6703:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 5694: 5662:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 5520:Hendrickx, C.; Hartman, S.A.; Mateus, O. (2015). 5104: 5102: 2895:were excavated also contained a partial immature 2605:tracks were not produced by a theropod, but by a 2398:(left), several of which have been attributed to 2355:(ancestral) trait of Ceratosauria and Tetanurae. 919:from China, originally described as a species of 11975: 11248: 11114: 6931: 6929: 6545:Rothschild, B.; Tanke, D.H.; Ford, T.L. (2001). 6505: 5758:foot structure suggests a single trackmaker for 5729: 5181:Lockley, M.; Matsukawa, M.; Jianjun, L. (2003). 4890: 4888: 4462: 4453: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 3261:Restoration of an adult tending to its hatching 2693:may be an artifact of dragging. They found that 2460:; Welles created the new ichnogenus and species 2452:specimens were found. The lower footprints were 1706:(lower leg bone), the opposite of, for example, 1667:(upper arm bone) was large and slender, and the 10597: 7499: 7248:"Arizona dinosaur debate becomes real Godzilla" 6776: 6583:Senter, P.; Juengst, S.L.; Heymann, D. (2016). 6538: 6109:"Anatomy and systematics of the sauropodomorph 5895: 5893: 5891: 5554: 5476: 5254: 5233: 5015:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp. 4537: 4421: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4215: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 2657:In 2006, Weems defended his 2003 assessment of 2444:or similar theropods. In 1971, Welles reported 804:) hand postures. The right mount was the first 615:University of California Museum of Paleontology 9121: 7675: 7142: 7097: 6755:New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletins 6744: 6742: 6740: 6716: 6714: 6665:Steiner, Maureen; Tanner, Lawrence H. (2014). 6514:"Theropod paleopathology: A literature survey" 6323: 6172: 6065: 6045:. Indiana University Press. pp. 179–230. 5636: 5610: 5608: 5336:[Annals of the South African Museum]. 5099: 4970: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4516: 4514: 3281:specimen would represent a "gracile" example. 3092:resting trace (left) of a theropod similar to 2572:and colleagues in 2003 and the paleontologist 2006:(onto whose skull the bones are arranged here) 704:due to the similar limb proportions of it and 16:Genus of theropod dinosaur from Early Jurassic 7597: 7363:. London, UK: Titan Books. pp. 177–178. 7266: 7191:"Connecticut welcomes its new state dinosaur" 7071: 7023:Rowe, T.B.; Sues, H.-D.; Reisz, R.R. (2010). 7022: 6926: 6798: 6664: 5790: 5526:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 4885: 4183:Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 3293:), and attributed the variation seen between 1196:Skull elements of the holotype (upper left), 872:identified the remains of at least three new 819:realized that the dinosaur did not belong to 10486: 6913: 6484:Multi-element osteohistological analysis of 6475: 6414: 6381: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6259: 6222: 6034: 5888: 5840: 5838: 5768:. In le Tourneau, P.M.; Olsen, P.E. (eds.). 5413: 5407: 4799: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4287: 4166: 4089: 3127:Milner and colleagues examined the possible 2422:(F), and tracks attributed to this genus in 1822:. Paul also considered the possibility that 904: 9680: 9598: 8720: 7493: 7475:got right – and wrong – about dino anatomy" 7416: 7296: 6878: 6737: 6711: 6229:, and implications for predatory behaviour" 6177:. Limpsfield: Dragons' World. p. 208. 6004: 6002: 5605: 5292: 5273: 4616: 4511: 4488: 4486: 3334:Welles found that the replacement teeth of 3240:In 2013, paleontologists David E. Hone and 1909:(or "advanced") group. He proposed that if 1866:, sometimes considered a close relative of 523:weak for battle, but may have been used in 504:has been considered a member of the family 7604: 7590: 7383: 7333: 6168: 6166: 6113:from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation" 6100: 6075:Survey Notes of the Utah Geological Survey 5659: 5447: 5445: 5328: 5176: 5174: 5126: 5124: 5108: 4661: 3443:the mouth and feet, or with one forelimb. 3268:Welles originally interpreted the smaller 2725:tracks do not reflect the gracile feet of 2634:merely the result of distortion, and that 2456:(three-toed), and could have been made by 2002:, which may have been a close relative of 609:In the summer of 1942, the paleontologist 124: 11999:Early Jurassic dinosaurs of North America 7309:. London: Random Century Group. pp. 7108:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 7048: 6794: 6792: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6635: 6618: 6608: 6466: 6448: 6399: 6341: 6312: 6295: 6285: 6244: 6200:The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs 6198:Paul, G.S., ed. (2000). "Color section". 6146: 6136: 6106: 5952: 5935: 5925: 5861: 5835: 5826: 5796: 5745: 5588: 5504: 5493:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 5229: 5227: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4955: 4845: 4835: 4764: 4566: 4417: 4415: 4367: 4350: 4320: 3308:The paleontologist J.S. Tkach reported a 1853:as the sole member of the latter family. 641:, about 32 km (20 mi) north of 137:(UCMP 37302) in position of burial, 8995: 8910: 8175: 7751: 7302: 7239: 6549:. In Tanke, D.H.; Carpenter, K. (eds.). 6516:. In Tanke, D.H.; Carpenter, K. (eds.). 5999: 5845:Weems, R.E. (2006). "The manus print of 5066: 4770: 4734: 4732: 4700: 4483: 3914: 3722: 3454: 3428: 3354: 3256: 3172: 3003: 2947: 2852: 2747: 2665:as the possible trackmaker of numerous 2584: 1991: 1855: 1741: 1686:of the ilium was highest over the ilial 1338: 1251: 1033:was one of the earliest large predatory 1021: 908: 592: 547:, and lived alongside dinosaurs such as 7481:. The Houston Museum of Natural Science 7423:Dodson, P. (1997). "Raising the dead". 7352: 6803:and the anuran caudopelvic mechanism". 6578: 6576: 6574: 6163: 5442: 5171: 5130: 5121: 4928:"Tooth loss and alveolar remodeling in 4873:from Jinning County, Yunnan Province". 4627: 4469:. London, UK: Cassell. pp. 86–89. 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 2958:St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site 2715:St. George dinosaur discovery site 1818:could have been a direct descendant of 1722:and was expanded at the lower end. The 1710:. The femur was massive; its shaft was 1430: 588: 11989:Early Jurassic genus first appearances 11976: 7465: 7459: 7422: 7377: 7358: 7272: 7245: 7219: 7213: 6872: 6799:Jenkins, F.A.; Shubin, N. H. (1998). " 6789: 6765: 6511: 6356: 6216: 6008: 5614: 5298: 5234:Martin, A.J.; Rainforth, E.C. (2004). 5224: 5077:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 5048:. New York, NY: Random House. p. 4987: 4787:from the original on December 29, 2017 4694: 4520: 4412: 4384: 4209: 4177: 4146: 3853:. The six tracks were assigned to the 3297:specimens to individual variation and 1860:Reconstructed skeleton of the crested 1714:-shaped (curved like an 'S'), and its 1363:(the large opening at the back of the 1119:around the belly and feet, similar to 723:in age, whereas Welles thought it was 11798: 11797: 11236: 11235: 10473: 9667: 8982: 8162: 7738: 7623: 7585: 7188: 7158:Fossil Legends of the First Americans 7155: 7075:Geology of Utah's Parks and Monuments 6641: 6481: 6173:Czerkas, S.J.; Czerkas, S.A. (1990). 5958: 5844: 5751: 5451: 5362: 5338:Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum 5039: 5033: 4729: 4268: 4239:from the original on November 8, 2017 2992:and other theropods. They found that 2752:Reconstructed skull in semi-profile, 605:fossils have been collected (squares) 7523:from the original on January 4, 2018 6571: 6350: 6326:"Forelimbs of the theropod dinosaur 6197: 5072: 5006: 4492: 4251: 3573:reptile, lizards, and several early 2650:tracks were made by a theropod like 2564:, and assigned it to the ichnotaxon 2424:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 765:New genus and subsequent discoveries 629:. Word of this was spread among the 7182: 6986: 6779:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 5730:Gierliński, G.; Sabath, K. (2005). 5643:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 5111:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 4738: 4662:Brown, M. A.; Marsh, A. D. (2021). 4582:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4550: 4463:Psihoyos, L.; Knoebber, J. (1994). 4441:from the original on August 2, 2017 3849:in 1966, during excavation for the 3450: 3438:had healed, it is certain that the 3044:Senter and Sullivan concluded that 2743: 980:, China, in 1987. It is similar to 13: 7517:University of California, Berkeley 6805:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6491:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5555:Zahner, M.; Brinkmann, W. (2019). 5334:"The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs" 4901:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4868: 4435:University of California, Berkeley 4233:University of California, Berkeley 2844:Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 2754:American Museum of Natural History 1679:(retained, but without function). 14: 12035: 10474: 7538: 7000:Notes on Early Mesozoic Theropods 6415:Knell, R.J.; Sampson, S. (2011). 6382:Padian, K.; Horner, J.R. (2011). 6324:Senter, P.; Sullivan, C. (2019). 6260:Senter, P.; Robins, J.H. (2015). 6223:Senter, P.; Robins, J.H. (2005). 6066:Milner, A.; Kirkland, J. (2007). 4688:10.1038/scientificamerican0121-46 3672:, the possible early true mammal 3350: 3177:Reconstructed skull and neck, RTM 3168: 2638:would indeed be a good match for 1737: 1579:which occupied the length of the 12019:Taxa named by Samuel Paul Welles 11994:Early Jurassic genus extinctions 11961: 11949: 11778: 11772: 11765: 11217: 11210: 11203: 11197: 10455: 10448: 10443: 10436: 10430: 9668: 9649: 9642: 9635: 8964: 8957: 8950: 8943: 8145: 8139: 7273:Gebers, S. (February 19, 2018). 6482:Tkach, J.S. (October 19, 1996). 6449:Hone, D.W.E.; Naish, D. (2013). 6436:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00758.x 6401:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00719.x 6107:Marsh, A.D.; Rowe, T.B. (2018). 5506:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00325.x 5011:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World 4321:Marsh, A.D.; Rowe, T.B. (2020). 3908: 3740: 3731: 3284:In 2005 Tykoski found that most 3079: 3070: 2548:in Sweden discovered in 1974 to 2530:. He named the new ichnospecies 2376: 2367: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1609: 1600: 1591: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1457: 1448: 1439: 1186: 1177: 1168: 1157: 1148: 1139: 782: 773: 336: 149: 49: 7327: 7091: 7065: 7016: 6980: 6907: 6831: 6685:(inactive September 12, 2024). 6442: 6408: 6375: 6253: 6191: 6059: 5723: 5688: 5653: 5630: 5356: 5322: 4964: 4919: 4862: 4527:Special Papers in Palaeontology 3939:was featured in the 1990 novel 2738: 2550:G. (E.) soltykovensis 1319:, the keratin on the crests of 7002:. Lulu Press. pp. 27–43. 6825:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011077 5561:Nature Ecology & Evolution 4271:The Great Dinosaur Discoveries 4060: 4007:was employed when showing the 3988:. To avoid confusion with the 3761:; such tracks are the state's 3252: 2661:, and proposed an animal like 1519:(lower middle) vertebrae, and 1017: 494:smaller claws; the fourth was 430:of a new species in the genus 1: 12014:Fossil taxa described in 1970 8983: 8163: 7739: 7611: 7437:10.1126/science.277.5326.644b 7334:Shay, D.; Duncan, J. (1993). 7246:Moeser, C. (April 26, 1998). 6958:10.1126/science.222.4629.1233 6727:New Mexico Geological Society 5985:10.1080/10420940.2018.1532902 5426:: 1–89. 41293. Archived from 5240:Geological Society of America 4781:Theropoddatabase.blogspot.com 4701:Pickrell, J. (July 7, 2020). 4156:Palaeontographica Abteilung A 4054: 3316:in 1996, conducted by taking 2709:to be a suitable match for a 1249:(or rugosae) of the maxilla. 952:. "breedorum" and other 567:based on tracks found there. 514:, a group placed between the 12004:Fossils of the United States 7471:"A tale of two compys: What 6901:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.030 6642:Marsh, Adam Douglas (2018). 6610:10.1371/journal.pone.0149140 6287:10.1371/journal.pone.0144036 6138:10.1371/journal.pone.0204007 5927:10.1371/journal.pone.0004591 5682:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90030-U 4837:10.1371/journal.pone.0088905 4602:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927 3929:and outdated hand postures, 3693: 3208:In 2011 the paleontologists 3036:of the wrists (crossing the 2677:in 2009, and suggested that 2358: 1779:. In 1984 Welles found that 1059: in) long. The smaller 868:In 2001, the paleontologist 7: 7336:The Making of Jurassic Park 5242:. Abstracts with Programs. 4495:Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia 1783:exhibited features of both 1734:) was kept off the ground. 1584:circular in cross-section. 792:Reconstructed skeletons at 617:(UCMP) in search of fossil 613:led a field party from the 559:. It was designated as the 10: 12040: 7503:; Guralnick, R.P. (1994). 6334:Palaeontologia Electronica 6227:Acrocanthosaurus atokensis 6111:Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis 4773:"Pickering's taxa 6: 4425:; Guralnick, R.P. (1994). 4219:; Guralnick, R.P. (1994). 4005:computer-generated imagery 3994:as featured in the movie, 3931:Nong Nooch Dinosaur Valley 2824:Milner and paleontologist 2497: in – 9 ft 2440:) have been attributed to 1832:. In 1994, paleontologist 913:Reconstructed skeleton of 849: 798:Museum of Northern Arizona 747:Museum of Northern Arizona 597:Map showing localities in 571:was featured in the novel 414:that lived in what is now 133:Reconstructed cast of the 11806: 11762: 11719: 11614: 11557: 11528: 11519: 11445: 11436: 11420: 11409: 11319: 11304: 11300: 11289: 11259: 11244: 11231: 11195: 11142: 11110: 11056: 11014: 10987: 10960: 10938: 10929: 10902: 10891: 10862: 10851: 10731: 10727: 10716: 10664: 10635: 10612: 10608: 10586: 10497: 10482: 10469: 10428: 10398: 10332: 10264: 10254: 10250: 10185: 10170: 10161: 10082: 10073: 10021: 9970: 9961: 9917: 9906: 9850: 9827: 9818: 9780: 9776: 9765: 9726: 9715: 9691: 9676: 9663: 9632: 9594: 9551: 9507: 9498: 9460: 9415: 9406: 9368: 9357: 9293: 9252: 9237: 9228: 9212: 9208: 9197: 9151: 9136: 9132: 9110: 9006: 8991: 8978: 8940: 8906: 8809: 8729: 8699: 8635: 8549: 8538: 8482: 8448: 8364: 8355: 8315: 8311: 8300: 8269: 8224: 8220: 8209: 8186: 8171: 8158: 8136: 8101: 8081: 8005: 7961: 7952: 7844: 7833: 7762: 7747: 7734: 7702: 7684: 7671: 7619: 7384:Bennington, J.B. (1996). 7128:10.1007/s12549-011-0068-y 6246:10.1017/S0952836905006989 6043:The Carnivorous Dinosaurs 5717:10.1080/10420949409386377 5581:10.1038/s41559-019-0941-z 5385:10.1017/S0022336000026706 5210:10.1080/10420940390256249 4957:10.1007/s11434-013-5765-7 4771:Mortimer, M. (May 2010). 4748:The Carnivorous Dinosaurs 4713:. Science. Archived from 3872:. In 1981 a sculpture of 3814:Naasho'illbahitsho Biikee 3520:and surrounded by sand. 2943: 2681:may not be distinct from 2462:Dilophosauripus williamsi 2241: 2224: 2217: 2200: 2183: 2176: 2158: 2151: 2122: 2105: 2098: 2088: 2071: 2064: 2047: 2040: 2025: 2018: 1946:was a coelophysoid, with 1357:lateral temporal fenestra 957:represent two species of 905:Formerly assigned species 651:Navajo Indian Reservation 309: 302: 284: 277: 146:Scientific classification 144: 132: 123: 23: 7400:(2): 4–7. Archived from 6683:10.5604/17313708.1130125 6551:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life 6518:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life 6328:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 6175:Dinosaurs: A global view 5797:Rainforth, E.C. (2003). 4936:Chinese Science Bulletin 4558:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 4325:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 4152:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 3548:, salamanders, the frog 3516:; a waterway lined with 3491:in age, the taxon had a 3402:foot bones for signs of 2675:Kayentapus soltykovensis 1934:, and grouped them with 1806:In 1988, paleontologist 1756:has often been grouped, 1130: 896:interview, Marsh called 451:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 291:Dilophosaurus wetherilli 7550:! A Narrated Exhibition 7394:American Paleontologist 7292:– via AZ Central. 6486:Dilphosaurus wetherilli 5828:10.1111/1475-4983.00320 5532:(1): 73. Archived from 5487:Cryolophosaurus ellioti 5458:Palaeontologia Africana 5365:Journal of Paleontology 5304:Journal of Paleontology 5246:(2): 96. Archived from 5040:Holtz, T.R. Jr (2012). 4427:"Dilophosaurus Details" 4394:Journal of Paleontology 4331:Journal of Paleontology 4079:Oxford University Press 2940:, and not a scavenger. 2828:suggested in 2007 that 2554:Turners Falls Formation 843:) meaning "crest", and 827:, from the Greek words 12024:Symbols of Connecticut 7572:: CS1 maint: others ( 7100:Compsognathus longipes 7041:10.1098/rspb.2010.1867 6992:Kayentavenator elysiae 6853:(2): 7. Archived from 5424:Utah Geological Survey 5135:feathery appendages". 4977:Vertebrata PalAsiatica 4897:Dilophosaurus sinensis 4875:Vertebrata PalAsiatica 4672:version for breakfast" 4628:Tykoski, R.S. (2005). 3933: 3888:instead, arguing that 3833:was designated as the 3540:sharks, indeterminate 3469: 3434: 3363: 3265: 3178: 3009: 2961: 2873: 2837:, which is the modern 2757: 2598: 2007: 1870: 1760: 1344: 1264: 1027: 927: 606: 464:Dilophosaurus sinensis 11922:Paleobiology Database 10163:Carcharodontosaurinae 10075:Carcharodontosauridae 7386:"Errors in the movie 7303:Crichton, M. (1990). 7201:on September 25, 2017 6512:Molnar, R.E. (2001). 6081:: 1–3. Archived from 6016:The Dinosaur Heresies 5332:; Long, R.A. (1974). 4930:Sinosaurus triassicus 4668:would have eaten the 4521:Rauhut, O.W. (2004). 4085:on February 24, 2020. 4075:UK English Dictionary 4026:, the paleontologist 3918: 3860:, which was made the 3851:Interstate Highway 91 3765:, and the reason why 3723:Cultural significance 3626:, the sauropodomorph 3458: 3432: 3392:fluctuating asymmetry 3374:. The holotype had a 3366:Welles noted various 3358: 3260: 3176: 3007: 2951: 2856: 2751: 2642:. The paleontologist 2629:. The attribution to 2588: 1996:Known skull bones of 1995: 1859: 1814:, and suggested that 1745: 1342: 1259:showing hypothetical 1255: 1025: 1003:Sinosaurus triassicus 912: 808:standing skeleton of 596: 11147:Dubious coelurosaurs 9852:Metriacanthosaurinae 9820:Metriacanthosauridae 8102:Dubious neotheropods 7252:The Arizona Republic 6860:on November 25, 2020 5752:Weems, R.E. (2003). 5452:Yates, A.M. (2005). 4881:(1 ed.): 65–69. 3975:, which created the 3973:Stan Winston Studios 3698:Welles outlined the 2566:Grallator minisculus 2520:Holy Cross Mountains 1983:evolved convergently 1431:Postcranial skeleton 1396: 1389:mandibular symphysis 1296: 1280: 1272: 794:Royal Tyrrell Museum 589:History of discovery 139:Royal Ontario Museum 10176:Carcharodontosaurus 9963:Carcharodontosauria 7359:Duncan, J. (2007). 7226:Connecticut History 7220:Rogers, O. (2016). 7120:2012PdPe...92..119R 7035:(1708): 1044–1053. 6950:1983Sci...222.1233J 6944:(4629): 1233–1235. 6893:2007PPP...244..242L 6817:1998JVPal..18..495J 6601:2016PLoSO..1149140S 6278:2015PLoSO..1044036S 6129:2018PLoSO..1304007M 6088:on November 4, 2017 5977:2019Ichno..26..187W 5918:2009PLoSO...4.4591M 5819:2003Palgy..46..803R 5709:1994Ichno...3...99G 5674:1991PPP....85..137G 5573:2019NatEE...3.1146Z 5430:on January 13, 2018 5377:1994JPal...68.1100H 5202:2003Ichno..10..169L 5157:10.1002/jez.b.20014 5149:2004JEZB..302..355K 5073:Paul, G.S. (2010). 5007:Paul, G.S. (1988). 4948:2013ChSBu..58.1931X 4828:2014PLoSO...988905H 4810:Torvosaurus gurneyi 4711:National Geographic 4676:Scientific American 4594:2012JSPal..10..211C 4493:Glut, D.F. (1997). 4352:10.1017/jpa.2020.14 4343:2020JPal...94S...1M 4195:1954GSAB...65..591W 3986:frill-necked lizard 3870:Dinosaur State Park 3858:Eubrontes giganteus 3837:of the US state of 3810:ancestral Puebloans 3769:was designated its 3755:Dinosaur State Park 3532:, and invertebrate 3503:, one dominated by 3493:chronostratigraphic 3191:species recognition 2804:in the mandible of 2446:dinosaur footprints 1377:mandibular fenestra 1317:helmeted guineafowl 1287:. These bones were 1243:antorbital fenestra 1000:to be identical to 925:Museo delle Scienze 916:Sinosaurus sinensis 529:species recognition 44:195.2 - 183.7 11639:Archaeornithomimus 10152:Veterupristisaurus 10012:Veterupristisaurus 9868:Metriacanthosaurus 9808:Piatnitzkysauridae 9243:Eustreptospondylus 9153:Piatnitzkysauridae 9036:Chuandongocoelurus 7900:Notatesseraeraptor 7404:on October 2, 2018 7189:Stone, M. (2017). 7104:Juravenator starki 6671:Volumina Jurassica 6652:10.26153/tsw/41876 6455:Journal of Zoology 6424:Journal of Zoology 6388:Journal of Zoology 6233:Journal of Zoology 4877:. 1 (in Chinese). 4269:Naish, D. (2009). 3934: 3686:and the tracks of 3470: 3435: 3396:selective pressure 3364: 3266: 3179: 3010: 2964:Welles envisioned 2962: 2874: 2760:Welles found that 2758: 2599: 2339:Notatesseraeraptor 2008: 1899:cladistic analysis 1871: 1761: 1716:greater trochanter 1702:(thigh bone) than 1515:(lower left), and 1345: 1265: 1247:interdental plates 1028: 954:D. wetherilli 928: 751:M. wetherilli 706:M. bucklandii 689:M. wetherilli 607: 543:is known from the 438:M. wetherilli 270:D. wetherilli 12009:Kayenta Formation 11937: 11936: 11909:Open Tree of Life 11800:Taxon identifiers 11791: 11790: 11787: 11786: 11760: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11715: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11521:Macrocheiriformes 11438:Ornithomimosauria 11412:Maniraptoriformes 11405: 11404: 11251:Maniraptoromorpha 11238:Maniraptoromorpha 11227: 11226: 11193: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11185: 11184: 11138: 11137: 11134: 11133: 11116:Maniraptoromorpha 11106: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11089: 10847: 10846: 10712: 10711: 10666:Proceratosauridae 10618:Chingkankousaurus 10465: 10464: 10426: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10418: 10417: 10394: 10393: 10246: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10226: 10225: 9902: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9659: 9658: 9630: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9590: 9589: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9494: 9493: 9450:Vallibonavenatrix 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9193: 9192: 8974: 8973: 8938: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8902: 8901: 8898: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8534: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8296: 8295: 8154: 8153: 8134: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8125: 8077: 8076: 7730: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7513:ucmp.berkeley.edu 7431:(5326): 644–645. 7370:978-1-84576-150-9 7345:978-1-85283-774-7 7320:978-0-394-58816-2 7167:978-0-691-13049-1 7084:978-1-882054-10-7 7009:978-0-557-46616-0 6564:978-0-253-33907-2 6531:978-0-253-33907-2 6468:10.1111/jzo.12035 6368:978-0-520-06727-1 6209:978-0-312-31008-0 6184:978-0-7924-5606-3 6052:978-0-253-34539-4 6027:978-0-8217-5608-9 5783:978-0-231-12676-2 5741:. pp. 21–22. 5285:978-0-520-24209-8 5092:978-0-691-13720-9 5059:978-0-375-82419-7 5026:978-0-671-61946-6 4757:978-0-253-34539-4 4556:New specimens of 4504:978-0-7864-7222-2 4476:978-0-679-43124-4 4466:Hunting Dinosaurs 4431:ucmp.berkeley.edu 4280:978-1-4081-1906-8 4229:ucmp.berkeley.edu 3632:heterodontosaurid 3497:Glen Canyon Group 3223:sexual dimorphism 2826:James I. Kirkland 2719:Moenave Formation 2579:Fulicopus lyellii 2574:Anthony J. Martin 2546:Höganäs Formation 2426:, Arizona (right) 2317: 2316: 2308: 2307: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2254: 2253: 2137: 2136: 1557:occipital condyle 1425:replacement teeth 1393:Meckelian foramen 1037:, a medium-sized 835:) meaning "two", 806:three-dimensional 714:wastebasket taxon 639:Kayenta Formation 545:Kayenta Formation 460:Fossil footprints 400:-əs, -⁠foh- 327: 326: 321: 258: 135:holotype specimen 12031: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11945: 11930: 11929: 11917: 11916: 11904: 11903: 11891: 11890: 11878: 11877: 11865: 11864: 11852: 11851: 11842: 11841: 11840: 11827: 11826: 11825: 11795: 11794: 11782: 11776: 11769: 11625:Aepyornithomimus 11526: 11525: 11443: 11442: 11418: 11417: 11382:Sinocalliopteryx 11302: 11301: 11298: 11297: 11292:Neocoelurosauria 11257: 11256: 11246: 11245: 11233: 11232: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11201: 11144: 11143: 11112: 11111: 11081:Zhuchengtyrannus 11005:Thanatotheristes 10936: 10935: 10900: 10899: 10868:Appalachiosaurus 10860: 10859: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10719:Pantyrannosauria 10610: 10609: 10606: 10605: 10600:Tyrannosauroidea 10595: 10594: 10570:Xinjiangovenator 10495: 10494: 10484: 10483: 10471: 10470: 10459: 10452: 10447: 10440: 10434: 10262: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10168: 10167: 10088:Acrocanthosaurus 10080: 10079: 9968: 9967: 9915: 9914: 9841:Yangchuanosaurus 9825: 9824: 9778: 9777: 9774: 9773: 9724: 9723: 9705:Lourinhanosaurus 9689: 9688: 9678: 9677: 9665: 9664: 9653: 9646: 9639: 9596: 9595: 9562:Sigilmassasaurus 9505: 9504: 9462:Ceratosuchopsini 9413: 9412: 9366: 9365: 9311:Dubreuillosaurus 9235: 9234: 9218:Streptospondylus 9210: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9176:Piatnitzkysaurus 9134: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9118: 9004: 9003: 8993: 8992: 8980: 8979: 8968: 8961: 8954: 8947: 8908: 8907: 8743:Ekrixinatosaurus 8727: 8726: 8718: 8717: 8547: 8546: 8362: 8361: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8184: 8183: 8173: 8172: 8160: 8159: 8149: 8143: 8053:Procompsognathus 7959: 7958: 7842: 7841: 7760: 7759: 7749: 7748: 7736: 7735: 7682: 7681: 7673: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7621: 7620: 7606: 7599: 7592: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7571: 7562: 7558:Samuel P. Welles 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7197:. Archived from 7186: 7180: 7179: 7153: 7140: 7139: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7052: 7020: 7014: 7013: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6933: 6924: 6923: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6887:(1–4): 242–256. 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6859: 6844: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6801:Prosalirus bitis 6796: 6787: 6786: 6774: 6763: 6762: 6746: 6735: 6734: 6718: 6709: 6708: 6702: 6694: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6622: 6612: 6580: 6569: 6568: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6421: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6321: 6310: 6309: 6299: 6289: 6272:(12): e0144036. 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6150: 6140: 6123:(10): e0204007. 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6087: 6072: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6019: 6006: 5997: 5996: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5939: 5929: 5897: 5886: 5885: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5847:Kayentapus minor 5842: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5736: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5668:(1–2): 137–148. 5657: 5651: 5650: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5612: 5603: 5602: 5592: 5567:(8): 1146–1152. 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5536:on June 22, 2018 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5371:(5): 1100–1117. 5360: 5354: 5353: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5271: 5252: 5251: 5250:on May 31, 2004. 5231: 5222: 5221: 5196:(2–4): 169–177. 5187: 5178: 5169: 5168: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5106: 5097: 5096: 5080: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5047: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5014: 5004: 4985: 4984: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4849: 4839: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4659: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4614: 4613: 4577: 4564: 4563: 4548: 4535: 4534: 4518: 4509: 4508: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4382: 4365: 4364: 4354: 4318: 4285: 4284: 4266: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4175: 4164: 4163: 4144: 4087: 4086: 4081:. Archived from 4064: 3955:Steven Spielberg 3953:by the director 3951:movie adaptation 3947:Michael Crichton 3945:, by the writer 3744: 3735: 3670:morganucodontids 3586:Eopneumatosuchus 3510:Navajo Sandstone 3451:Paleoenvironment 3404:stress fractures 3382:(collections of 3368:paleopathologies 3360:Paleopathologies 3235:sexual selection 3231:Scott D. Sampson 3187:thermoregulation 3162:Kayentapus minor 3083: 3074: 2932:to have been an 2775:Robert T. Bakker 2769:in the skull of 2744:Feeding and diet 2644:Spencer G. Lucas 2622:Kayentapus hopii 2510: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2380: 2371: 2220: 2219: 2179: 2178: 2154: 2153: 2101: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2067: 2066: 2043: 2042: 2021: 2020: 2011: 2010: 1642: 1633: 1624: 1613: 1604: 1595: 1577:sacral vertebrae 1565:postzygapophyses 1507:(upper middle), 1490: 1481: 1472: 1461: 1452: 1443: 1400: 1300: 1284: 1276: 1257:Life restoration 1190: 1181: 1172: 1161: 1152: 1143: 1125:sedimentological 1104: 1103: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1012:S. sinensis 998:D. sinensis 990:D. sinensis 974:Lufeng Formation 852: 851: 786: 777: 743:William J. Breed 740: 739: 735: 676:Samuel P. Welles 631:Native Americans 627:northern Arizona 599:northern Arizona 579:movie adaptation 537:paleopathologies 533:sexual selection 442:Samuel P. Welles 424:northern Arizona 399: 395: 389: 388: 385: 384: 381: 376: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 345: 342: 319: 293: 289: 253: 246: 154: 153: 128: 118: 48: 29:Temporal range: 21: 20: 12039: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12029: 12028: 11974: 11973: 11972: 11962: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11940: 11938: 11933: 11925: 11920: 11912: 11907: 11899: 11894: 11886: 11881: 11873: 11868: 11860: 11855: 11847: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11802: 11792: 11783: 11770: 11744: 11707: 11688:Sinornithomimus 11610: 11553: 11515: 11432: 11426:Compsognathidae 11414: 11401: 11389:Sinosauropteryx 11321:Compsognathidae 11315: 11294: 11285: 11253: 11240: 11223: 11222: 11208: 11181: 11176:Shanyangosaurus 11169:Phaedrolosaurus 11130: 11086: 11052: 11010: 10989:Daspletosaurini 10983: 10956: 10931:Tyrannosaurinae 10925: 10904:Albertosaurinae 10896: 10894:Tyrannosauridae 10887: 10856: 10854:Eutyrannosauria 10843: 10721: 10708: 10689:Proceratosaurus 10660: 10631: 10602: 10591: 10582: 10548:Richardoestesia 10532:Chilantaisaurus 10491: 10478: 10461: 10460: 10441: 10414: 10390: 10350:Australovenator 10328: 10322:Chilantaisaurus 10300:Phuwiangvenator 10222: 10187:Giganotosaurini 10181: 10157: 10069: 10032:Chilantaisaurus 10017: 9957: 9911: 9894: 9846: 9814: 9770: 9761: 9739:Monolophosaurus 9720: 9711: 9685: 9672: 9655: 9654: 9640: 9614: 9574: 9547: 9513:Camarillasaurus 9490: 9456: 9402: 9396:Ostafrikasaurus 9374:Camarillasaurus 9362: 9345: 9295:Afrovenatorinae 9289: 9248: 9224: 9202: 9189: 9147: 9126: 9124:Megalosauroidea 9115: 9106: 9101:Vectaerovenator 9094:Szechuanosaurus 9072:Monolophosaurus 9058:Kaijiangosaurus 9051:Cryolophosaurus 9012:Calamospondylus 9000: 8987: 8970: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8926: 8882: 8863:Pycnonemosaurus 8805: 8716: 8710:Majungasaurinae 8695: 8637:Majungasaurinae 8631: 8626:Xenotarsosaurus 8562:Dryptosauroides 8543: 8526: 8478: 8450:Elaphrosaurinae 8444: 8351: 8337:Ornithomimoides 8305: 8292: 8265: 8214: 8205: 8180: 8167: 8150: 8144: 8122: 8097: 8073: 8001: 7948: 7914:Shuangbaisaurus 7838: 7829: 7756: 7743: 7718: 7698: 7692:Avemetatarsalia 7677:Avemetatarsalia 7667: 7652:Avemetatarsalia 7626: 7625: 7615: 7610: 7565: 7564: 7544: 7541: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7464: 7460: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7382: 7378: 7371: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7244: 7240: 7230: 7228: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7202: 7187: 7183: 7168: 7154: 7143: 7096: 7092: 7085: 7070: 7066: 7021: 7017: 7010: 6985: 6981: 6934: 6927: 6912: 6908: 6877: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6842: 6836: 6832: 6797: 6790: 6775: 6766: 6747: 6738: 6719: 6712: 6696: 6695: 6663: 6659: 6640: 6636: 6595:(2): e0149140. 6581: 6572: 6565: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6510: 6506: 6480: 6476: 6447: 6443: 6419: 6413: 6409: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6355: 6351: 6322: 6313: 6258: 6254: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6171: 6164: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6070: 6064: 6060: 6053: 6039: 6035: 6028: 6007: 6000: 5963:track-makers". 5957: 5953: 5898: 5889: 5866: 5862: 5843: 5836: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5750: 5746: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5693: 5689: 5658: 5654: 5635: 5631: 5613: 5606: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5518: 5514: 5481: 5477: 5450: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5412: 5408: 5361: 5357: 5327: 5323: 5297: 5293: 5286: 5272: 5255: 5232: 5225: 5185: 5179: 5172: 5129: 5122: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5005: 4988: 4969: 4965: 4924: 4920: 4893: 4886: 4867: 4863: 4804: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4737: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4717:on July 7, 2020 4699: 4695: 4660: 4639: 4626: 4617: 4578: 4567: 4549: 4538: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4420: 4413: 4383: 4368: 4319: 4288: 4281: 4267: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4214: 4210: 4176: 4167: 4145: 4090: 4068:"Dilophosaurus" 4066: 4065: 4061: 4057: 3949:, and its 1993 3919:Models showing 3913: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3737: 3736: 3725: 3696: 3575:crocodylomorphs 3459:Restoration of 3453: 3420:metacarpal bone 3353: 3255: 3227:sexual maturity 3171: 3113:Dilophosauripus 3108:Dilophosauripus 3104: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3100:trackway in red 3086: 3085: 3084: 3076: 3075: 2952:Restoration of 2946: 2767:cranial kinesis 2746: 2741: 2691:Dilophosauripus 2679:Dilophosauripus 2672:new combination 2507: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2436:(taxa based on 2430: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2414:Dilophosauripus 2383: 2382: 2381: 2373: 2372: 2361: 2349:Cryolophosaurus 2336:, and possibly 2334:Cryolophosaurus 2318: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2228:Monolophosaurus 2187:Cryolophosaurus 2138: 2095:Dilophosauridae 1975:Cryolophosaurus 1948:Cryolophosaurus 1923:Cryolophosaurus 1863:Cryolophosaurus 1847:Dilophosauridae 1834:Thomas R. Holtz 1808:Gregory S. Paul 1799:, particularly 1797:Halticosauridae 1763:Welles thought 1740: 1724:astragalus bone 1652: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1635: 1634: 1626: 1625: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1606: 1605: 1597: 1596: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1523:of the holotype 1521:pectoral girdle 1511:(upper right), 1493: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1444: 1433: 1402: 1399:surangular bone 1302: 1286: 1278: 1263:and crest-shape 1208: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1174: 1173: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1154: 1153: 1145: 1144: 1133: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1020: 978:Yunnan Province 907: 857:description of 816: 815: 814: 813: 800:with outdated ( 789: 788: 787: 779: 778: 767: 737: 733: 732: 729:Middle Jurassic 712:was used as a " 633:there, and the 611:Charles L. Camp 591: 506:Dilophosauridae 397: 393: 378: 339: 335: 318: 298: 295: 287: 286: 273: 252: 244: 148: 119: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 43: 42: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12037: 12027: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11971: 11970: 11958: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11931: 11918: 11905: 11892: 11879: 11866: 11853: 11843: 11828: 11812: 11810: 11804: 11803: 11789: 11788: 11785: 11784: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11750: 11749: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11734: 11725: 11723: 11717: 11716: 11713: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11698: 11691: 11684: 11677: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11653:Dromiceiomimus 11649: 11642: 11635: 11628: 11620: 11618: 11616:Ornithomimidae 11612: 11611: 11609: 11608: 11601: 11597:Paraxenisaurus 11593: 11585: 11578: 11571: 11563: 11561: 11559:Deinocheiridae 11555: 11554: 11552: 11551: 11548:Shenzhousaurus 11544: 11537: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11506: 11498: 11491: 11484: 11477: 11470: 11462: 11454: 11446: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11430: 11421: 11415: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11399: 11392: 11385: 11378: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11349: 11345:Beipiaognathus 11341: 11334: 11325: 11323: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11313: 11305: 11295: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11260: 11254: 11249: 11242: 11241: 11229: 11228: 11225: 11224: 11216: 11202: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11179: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11150: 11148: 11140: 11139: 11136: 11135: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11120: 11118: 11108: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11095: 11092: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11077: 11070: 11062: 11060: 11058:Tyrannosaurini 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11043: 11036: 11028: 11020: 11018: 11016:Teratophoneini 11012: 11011: 11009: 11008: 11001: 10998:Daspletosaurus 10993: 10991: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10978:Qianzhousaurus 10974: 10966: 10964: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10954: 10947: 10939: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10916: 10908: 10906: 10897: 10892: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10885: 10878: 10875:Bistahieversor 10871: 10863: 10857: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10841: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10811: 10804: 10797: 10790: 10783: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10755: 10747: 10740: 10732: 10722: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10699: 10692: 10685: 10678: 10670: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10650: 10642: 10640: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10629: 10621: 10613: 10603: 10598: 10592: 10589:Tyrannoraptora 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10559: 10551: 10544: 10536: 10528: 10521: 10513: 10506: 10498: 10492: 10487: 10480: 10479: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10454: 10435: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10420: 10419: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10410: 10404: 10402: 10396: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10346: 10338: 10336: 10334:Megaraptoridae 10330: 10329: 10327: 10326: 10318: 10310: 10303: 10296: 10289: 10281: 10273: 10265: 10259: 10248: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10220: 10213: 10206: 10199: 10196:Giganotosaurus 10191: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10179: 10171: 10165: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10134: 10127: 10120: 10113: 10106: 10099: 10091: 10083: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10059: 10051: 10044: 10036: 10027: 10025: 10023:Neovenatoridae 10019: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10008: 10005:Ulughbegsaurus 10001: 9993: 9986: 9979: 9971: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9947: 9939: 9931: 9923: 9921: 9912: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9856: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9837: 9833:Xuanhanosaurus 9828: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9804: 9800:Xuanhanosaurus 9796: 9789: 9786:Asfaltovenator 9781: 9771: 9766: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9751: 9747:Megalosauridae 9743: 9735: 9727: 9721: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9701: 9692: 9686: 9681: 9674: 9673: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9648: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9604: 9602: 9592: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9580: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9572: 9565: 9557: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9521:Ichthyovenator 9517: 9508: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9464: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9446: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9416: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9392: 9385: 9382:Cristatusaurus 9378: 9369: 9363: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9339:Poekilopleuron 9335: 9332:Piveteausaurus 9328: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9299: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9258: 9256: 9254:Megalosaurinae 9250: 9249: 9247: 9246: 9238: 9232: 9230:Megalosauridae 9226: 9225: 9223: 9222: 9213: 9203: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9183:Xuanhanosaurus 9179: 9172: 9165: 9157: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9142:Yunyangosaurus 9137: 9127: 9122: 9116: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9104: 9097: 9090: 9082: 9079:Pandoravenator 9075: 9068: 9065:Kayentavenator 9061: 9054: 9047: 9039: 9032: 9024: 9016: 9007: 9001: 8996: 8989: 8988: 8976: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8916: 8914: 8904: 8903: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8852: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8815: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8796: 8793:Skorpiovenator 8789: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8730: 8724: 8715: 8714: 8705: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8686: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8649: 8641: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8605:Spectrovenator 8601: 8594: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8566: 8558: 8550: 8544: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8488: 8486: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8454: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8439:Spinostropheus 8435: 8428: 8421: 8413: 8405: 8397: 8389: 8382: 8374: 8365: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8341: 8333: 8325: 8316: 8306: 8303:Abelisauroidea 8301: 8298: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8290: 8283: 8275: 8273: 8271:Ceratosauridae 8267: 8266: 8264: 8263: 8260:Saltriovenator 8256: 8248: 8241: 8237:Fosterovenator 8233: 8225: 8215: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8203: 8199:Lophostropheus 8195: 8187: 8181: 8176: 8169: 8168: 8156: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8113: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8087: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8064: 8060:Pterospondylus 8056: 8049: 8041: 8033: 8030:Lucianovenator 8026: 8019: 8011: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7971: 7962: 7956: 7954:Coelophysoidea 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7939: 7931: 7924: 7917: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7893:Lophostropheus 7889: 7882: 7875: 7868: 7861: 7853: 7845: 7839: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7819: 7811: 7803: 7795: 7792:Erythrovenator 7788: 7780: 7772: 7763: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7744: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7708: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7685: 7679: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7654: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7617: 7616: 7609: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7540: 7539:External links 7537: 7535: 7534: 7492: 7458: 7415: 7376: 7369: 7351: 7344: 7326: 7319: 7295: 7265: 7254:. Deseret News 7238: 7212: 7181: 7176:j.ctt4cgcs9.10 7166: 7141: 7114:(1): 119–168. 7090: 7083: 7064: 7015: 7008: 6979: 6925: 6906: 6871: 6830: 6811:(3): 495–510. 6788: 6764: 6736: 6710: 6657: 6634: 6570: 6563: 6537: 6530: 6504: 6474: 6461:(3): 172–180. 6441: 6407: 6374: 6367: 6359:The Dinosauria 6349: 6311: 6252: 6239:(3): 307–318. 6215: 6208: 6190: 6183: 6162: 6099: 6058: 6051: 6033: 6026: 5998: 5971:(3): 187–215. 5951: 5887: 5860: 5834: 5813:(4): 803–838. 5789: 5782: 5744: 5722: 5687: 5652: 5629: 5604: 5547: 5512: 5499:(2): 377–421. 5485:"Osteology of 5475: 5441: 5414:Madsen, J.H.; 5406: 5355: 5321: 5291: 5284: 5276:The Dinosauria 5253: 5223: 5170: 5143:(4): 355–364. 5120: 5098: 5091: 5065: 5058: 5032: 5025: 4986: 4963: 4918: 4884: 4861: 4798: 4763: 4756: 4728: 4693: 4637: 4615: 4588:(2): 211–300. 4565: 4536: 4510: 4503: 4482: 4475: 4452: 4411: 4366: 4337:(S78): 1–103. 4286: 4279: 4250: 4208: 4189:(6): 591–598. 4165: 4088: 4058: 4056: 4053: 3912: 3907: 3835:state dinosaur 3784:Adrienne Mayor 3771:state dinosaur 3749: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3695: 3692: 3659:Kayentatherium 3649:tritylodontids 3640:Scutellosaurus 3623:Kayentavenator 3526:petrified wood 3466:Scutellosaurus 3452: 3449: 3424:osteodysplasia 3352: 3351:Paleopathology 3349: 3324:Massospondylus 3254: 3251: 3214:John R. Horner 3203:visual display 3170: 3169:Crest function 3167: 3088: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 2945: 2942: 2777:instead found 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2607:sauropodomorph 2570:Martin Lockley 2396:Early Jurassic 2385: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2009: 1928:sister species 1843:Ceratosauridae 1758:Redpath Museum 1739: 1738:Classification 1736: 1647: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1503:(upper left), 1495: 1494: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1456: 1455: 1447: 1446: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1405:retroarticular 1361:foramen magnum 1283:lacrimal bones 1195: 1194: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1019: 1016: 906: 903: 791: 790: 781: 780: 772: 771: 770: 769: 768: 766: 763: 590: 587: 561:state dinosaur 550:Scutellosaurus 525:visual display 420:Early Jurassic 325: 324: 323: 322: 307: 306: 300: 299: 297:(Welles, 1954) 296: 282: 281: 275: 274: 266: 264: 260: 259: 242: 238: 237: 232: 225: 224: 219: 212: 211: 206: 199: 198: 193: 186: 185: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 142: 141: 130: 129: 121: 120: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 31:Early Jurassic 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12036: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11969: 11968:United States 11959: 11957: 11947: 11946: 11943: 11928: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11897: 11893: 11889: 11884: 11880: 11876: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11844: 11839: 11838:Dilophosaurus 11833: 11829: 11824: 11818: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11809: 11808:Dilophosaurus 11805: 11801: 11796: 11781: 11777: 11775: 11768: 11739: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11726: 11724: 11722: 11718: 11704: 11703: 11699: 11697: 11696: 11695:Struthiomimus 11692: 11690: 11689: 11685: 11683: 11682: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11657: 11655: 11654: 11650: 11648: 11647: 11646:"Coelosaurus" 11643: 11641: 11640: 11636: 11634: 11633: 11629: 11627: 11626: 11622: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11579: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11570: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11541:Pelecanimimus 11538: 11536: 11535: 11531: 11530: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11518: 11512: 11511: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11502:Thecocoelurus 11499: 11497: 11496: 11492: 11490: 11489: 11485: 11483: 11482: 11481:Kinnareemimus 11478: 11476: 11475: 11471: 11468: 11467: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11453: 11452: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11435: 11428: 11427: 11423: 11422: 11419: 11416: 11413: 11408: 11398: 11397: 11393: 11391: 11390: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11371: 11369: 11368: 11364: 11362: 11361: 11360:Huaxiagnathus 11357: 11355: 11354: 11353:Compsognathus 11350: 11347: 11346: 11342: 11340: 11339: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11307: 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11293: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11280:Ornitholestes 11277: 11275: 11274: 11270: 11267: 11266: 11262: 11261: 11258: 11255: 11252: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11234: 11230: 11220: 11215: 11213: 11206: 11200: 11178: 11177: 11173: 11171: 11170: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11159: 11157: 11156: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11124: 11123: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11083: 11082: 11078: 11076: 11075: 11074:Tyrannosaurus 11071: 11069: 11068: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11059: 11055: 11049: 11048: 11047:Teratophoneus 11044: 11042: 11041: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11027: 11026: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11013: 11007: 11006: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10975: 10973: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10946: 10945: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10921: 10917: 10915: 10914: 10913:Albertosaurus 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10901: 10898: 10895: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10861: 10858: 10855: 10850: 10839: 10838: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10830:Xiongguanlong 10827: 10825: 10824: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10812: 10810: 10809: 10808:Suskityrannus 10805: 10803: 10802: 10801:Stokesosaurus 10798: 10796: 10795: 10794:Santanaraptor 10791: 10789: 10788: 10784: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10763: 10761: 10760: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10737:Alectrosaurus 10734: 10733: 10730: 10726: 10723: 10720: 10715: 10705: 10704: 10700: 10698: 10697: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10686: 10684: 10683: 10679: 10677: 10676: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10663: 10656: 10655: 10654:Tanycolagreus 10651: 10649: 10648: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10634: 10627: 10626: 10622: 10620: 10619: 10615: 10614: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10601: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10585: 10579: 10578: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10556: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10517:Bahariasaurus 10514: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10493: 10490: 10489:Coelurosauria 10485: 10481: 10477: 10476:Coelurosauria 10472: 10468: 10458: 10453: 10451: 10446: 10439: 10433: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10401: 10400:Coelurosauria 10397: 10387: 10386: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10375: 10373: 10372: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10347: 10345: 10344: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10304: 10302: 10301: 10297: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277:Bahariasaurus 10274: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10219: 10218: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10207: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10173: 10172: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10149: 10147: 10146: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10121: 10119: 10118: 10117:Kelmayisaurus 10114: 10112: 10111: 10107: 10105: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10084: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10072: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10007: 10006: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9953: 9952: 9951:Saurophaganax 9948: 9945: 9944: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9932: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9916: 9913: 9910: 9905: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9882:Siamotyrannus 9879: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9870: 9869: 9865: 9863: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9779: 9775: 9772: 9769: 9768:Allosauroidea 9764: 9757: 9756: 9755:Spinosauridae 9752: 9749: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9729: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9719: 9714: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9694: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9684: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9666: 9662: 9652: 9647: 9645: 9638: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9571: 9570: 9566: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9500:Spinosaurinae 9497: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9478:Riparovenator 9475: 9473: 9472: 9471:Ceratosuchops 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9435:Riojavenatrix 9432: 9430: 9429: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9408:Baryonychinae 9405: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9370: 9367: 9364: 9361: 9360:Spinosauridae 9356: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9285: 9284:Wiehenvenator 9281: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9196: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9120: 9117: 9114: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9081: 9080: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9020:Chienkosaurus 9017: 9014: 9013: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9002: 8999: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8967: 8960: 8953: 8946: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8879: 8878: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8845: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8811:Furileusauria 8808: 8802: 8801: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8785:Rahiolisaurus 8782: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8773: 8772: 8768: 8766: 8765: 8761: 8759: 8758: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8701:Carnotaurinae 8698: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8684: 8683: 8682:Rahiolisaurus 8679: 8677: 8676: 8675:Majungasaurus 8672: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8612:Tarascosaurus 8609: 8607: 8606: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8595: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8570:Eoabelisaurus 8567: 8564: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8556: 8555:Chenanisaurus 8552: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8541:Abelisauridae 8537: 8523: 8522: 8518: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8504: 8502: 8501: 8500:Masiakasaurus 8497: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8466:Huinculsaurus 8463: 8461: 8460: 8459:Elaphrosaurus 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8378:Austrocheirus 8375: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8310: 8307: 8304: 8299: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8232: 8231: 8230:Berberosaurus 8227: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8208: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8161: 8157: 8148: 8142: 8119: 8118: 8117:Halticosaurus 8114: 8112: 8111: 8110:Teinurosaurus 8107: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8037:Megapnosaurus 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8007:Coelophysidae 8004: 7998: 7997: 7996:Powellvenator 7993: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7904: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7886:Liliensternus 7883: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857:Dolichosuchus 7854: 7852: 7851: 7850:Dilophosaurus 7847: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7832: 7825: 7824: 7823:Herrerasauria 7820: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7776:Daemonosaurus 7773: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7758: 7755: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7733: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7662: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7578: 7575: 7569: 7561: 7559: 7554: 7553: 7549: 7548:Dilophosaurus 7543: 7542: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7508: 7507:Dilophosaurus 7502: 7496: 7480: 7479:blog.hmns.org 7476: 7474: 7473:Jurassic Park 7468: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7389: 7388:Jurassic Park 7380: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7341: 7337: 7330: 7322: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7307: 7306:Jurassic Park 7299: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7269: 7253: 7249: 7242: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7094: 7086: 7080: 7076: 7068: 7060: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6930: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6793: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6717: 6715: 6706: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6566: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6533: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6478: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6411: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6378: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6344: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6329: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6247: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6228: 6219: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6186: 6180: 6176: 6169: 6167: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6112: 6103: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6029: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6011: 6005: 6003: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5864: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5839: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5807:Palaeontology 5804: 5802: 5793: 5785: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5748: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5639:Dilophosaurus 5633: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5488: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5228: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5133:Archaeopteryx 5127: 5125: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5103: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5078: 5069: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5036: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5012: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4983:(2): 177–186. 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4889: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4871:Dilophosaurus 4865: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822:(3): e88905. 4821: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4775:Dilophosaurus 4767: 4759: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4744:Dilophosaurus 4741: 4735: 4733: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4706: 4705:Jurassic Park 4697: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4671: 4670:Jurassic Park 4667: 4666:Dilophosaurus 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4515: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4457: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4390:Dilophosaurus 4387: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4282: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4224: 4223:Dilophosaurus 4218: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4050: 4049:Jurassic Park 4046: 4045:Dilophosaurus 4041: 4037: 4036:Dilophosaurus 4033: 4032:Dilophosaurus 4029: 4025: 4024:Jurassic Park 4021: 4020:Komodo dragon 4017: 4016:Dilophosaurus 4012: 4010: 4009:Dilophosaurus 4006: 4001: 4000:Dilophosaurus 3997: 3996:Dilophosaurus 3993: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3964:Jurassic Park 3960: 3959:Dilophosaurus 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3942:Jurassic Park 3938: 3937:Dilophosaurus 3932: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3922:Jurassic Park 3917: 3911: 3910:Jurassic Park 3906: 3904: 3903:Dilophosaurus 3899: 3895: 3894:Dilophosaurus 3891: 3890:Dilophosaurus 3887: 3886: 3881: 3880:Dilophosaurus 3877: 3875: 3874:Dilophosaurus 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3843:Dilophosaurus 3840: 3836: 3832: 3831:Dilophosaurus 3828: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3802:Dilophosaurus 3798: 3795: 3794: 3793:Pentaceratops 3789: 3788:Dilophosaurus 3785: 3781: 3778:According to 3772: 3768: 3767:Dilophosaurus 3764: 3760: 3759:Dilophosaurus 3756: 3752: 3743: 3734: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3618: 3617:Megapnosaurus 3613: 3612:Dilophosaurus 3610:. Apart from 3609: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3592:Kayentasuchus 3588: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3580:Calsoyasuchus 3576: 3572: 3571:sphenodontian 3568: 3567: 3566:Kayentachelys 3563:, the turtle 3562: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534:trace fossils 3531: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489:Pliensbachian 3486: 3485:Dilophosaurus 3482: 3478: 3474: 3473:Dilophosaurus 3468: 3467: 3462: 3461:Dilophosaurus 3457: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3440:Dilophosaurus 3431: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3400:Dilophosaurus 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3372:Dilophosaurus 3369: 3361: 3357: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3336:Dilophosaurus 3332: 3330: 3329:Dilophosaurus 3326: 3325: 3319: 3318:thin-sections 3315: 3314:Dilophosaurus 3311: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3295:Dilophosaurus 3292: 3287: 3286:Dilophosaurus 3282: 3280: 3279:Dilophosaurus 3276: 3271: 3270:Dilophosaurus 3264: 3259: 3250: 3248: 3247:Dilophosaurus 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3219:Dilophosaurus 3215: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195:ornamentation 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183:Dilophosaurus 3175: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3129:Dilophosaurus 3125: 3123: 3119: 3118:Dilophosaurus 3114: 3109: 3099: 3095: 3094:Dilophosaurus 3091: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3062: 3061:Dilophosaurus 3057: 3052: 3051:Dilophosaurus 3047: 3046:Dilophosaurus 3042: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026:Dilophosaurus 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014:Dilophosaurus 3006: 3002: 3000: 2999:Dilophosaurus 2995: 2994:Dilophosaurus 2991: 2990:Dilophosaurus 2986: 2984: 2980: 2979:Dilophosaurus 2975: 2974:Dilophosaurus 2971: 2967: 2966:Dilophosaurus 2959: 2955: 2954:Dilophosaurus 2950: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2934:apex predator 2931: 2930:Dilophosaurus 2927: 2926:Dilophosaurus 2922: 2921:Dilophosaurus 2917: 2915: 2914:Dilophosaurus 2911: 2906: 2905:Dilophosaurus 2902: 2901:Dilophosaurus 2898: 2897:Dilophosaurus 2894: 2889: 2885: 2884:Dilophosaurus 2881: 2880: 2872: 2871:Dilophosaurus 2869: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848:Dilophosaurus 2845: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2830:Dilophosaurus 2827: 2822: 2820: 2819:Dilophosaurus 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806:Dilophosaurus 2803: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2787:Dilophosaurus 2784: 2783:Dilophosaurus 2780: 2779:Dilophosaurus 2776: 2772: 2771:Dilophosaurus 2768: 2763: 2762:Dilophosaurus 2755: 2750: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2727:Dilophosaurus 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2707:Dilophosaurus 2704: 2700: 2699:Anchisauripus 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2663:Dilophosaurus 2660: 2655: 2653: 2652:Dilophosaurus 2649: 2645: 2641: 2640:Dilophosaurus 2637: 2632: 2631:Dilophosaurus 2628: 2627:Dilophosaurus 2624: 2623: 2618: 2617:Dilophosaurus 2614: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2595:Dilophosaurus 2592: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2562:Liliensternus 2559: 2558:Dilophosaurus 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542:soltykovensis 2539: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2528:Dilophosaurus 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2513:Dilophosaurus 2482: 2481:Dilophosaurus 2478: 2477: 2472: 2471:Dilophosaurus 2467: 2466:Dilophosaurus 2463: 2459: 2458:Dilophosaurus 2455: 2451: 2450:Dilophosaurus 2447: 2443: 2442:Dilophosaurus 2439: 2438:trace fossils 2435: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2404:Dilophosaurus 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392:Late Triassic 2389: 2388:fossil tracks 2379: 2370: 2356: 2354: 2353:plesiomorphic 2350: 2346: 2345:Dilophosaurus 2341: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326:Dilophosaurus 2323: 2313: 2312: 2304: 2303: 2295: 2294: 2286: 2285: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2181: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2109:Dilophosaurus 2103: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2051:Liliensternus 2045: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2028:Coelophysidae 2023: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2005: 2004:Dilophosaurus 2001: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963:Dilophosaurus 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944:Dilophosaurus 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932:Dilophosaurus 1929: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1911:Dilophosaurus 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1889:Dilophosaurus 1886: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1875:Dilophosaurus 1869: 1868:Dilophosaurus 1865: 1864: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1851:Dilophosaurus 1848: 1844: 1839: 1838:Dilophosaurus 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816:Dilophosaurus 1813: 1812:Coelophysidae 1809: 1804: 1802: 1801:Liliensternus 1798: 1794: 1793:Dilophosaurus 1790: 1786: 1785:Coelurosauria 1782: 1781:Dilophosaurus 1778: 1777:ceratosauroid 1774: 1773:Dilophosaurus 1770: 1766: 1765:Dilophosaurus 1759: 1755: 1754:Dilophosaurus 1752:, with which 1751: 1750: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1569:Maltese cross 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1530:Dilophosaurus 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1416:Dilophosaurus 1412: 1411:Dilophosaurus 1408: 1406: 1401: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:Dilophosaurus 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353:quadrate bone 1350: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:Dilophosaurus 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1277: 1269: 1268:Dilophosaurus 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1224:coelophysoids 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:Dilophosaurus 1210:The skull of 1204:(lower right) 1203: 1199: 1189: 1180: 1171: 1160: 1151: 1142: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1112:Liliensternus 1108: 1107:Dilophosaurus 1062: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031:Dilophosaurus 1024: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:Dilophosaurus 983: 982:Dilophosaurus 979: 975: 970: 968: 967:Dilophosaurus 964: 960: 959:Dilophosaurus 955: 951: 947: 946: 941: 940:Dilophosaurus 937: 936:Dilophosaurus 933: 932:Dilophosaurus 926: 922: 921:Dilophosaurus 918: 917: 911: 902: 899: 898:Dilophosaurus 894: 893:Dilophosaurus 889: 887: 886:Dilophosaurus 882: 881: 875: 874:Dilophosaurus 871: 870:Robert J. Gay 866: 864: 863:Dilophosaurus 860: 859:Dilophosaurus 856: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:Dilophosaurus 822: 811: 810:Dilophosaurus 807: 803: 799: 795: 785: 776: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 730: 726: 722: 721:Late Triassic 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 698: 697:specific name 694: 690: 686: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672: 667: 663: 662:Wann Langston 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:Navajo County 620: 616: 612: 604: 603:Dilophosaurus 600: 595: 586: 584: 580: 576: 575: 574:Jurassic Park 570: 569:Dilophosaurus 566: 562: 558: 557: 552: 551: 546: 542: 541:Dilophosaurus 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 520:Dilophosaurus 517: 516:Coelophysidae 513: 512: 507: 503: 502:Dilophosaurus 499: 497: 492: 487: 483: 478: 477:Dilophosaurus 473: 471: 470: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452: 447: 446:Dilophosaurus 443: 439: 435: 434: 429: 425: 421: 417: 416:North America 413: 410: 406: 402: 401: 387: 333: 332: 331:Dilophosaurus 317: 315: 311: 310: 308: 305: 301: 294: 292: 283: 280: 279:Binomial name 276: 272: 271: 265: 262: 261: 256: 251: 250: 249:Dilophosaurus 243: 240: 239: 236: 233: 230: 227: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 184: 181: 178: 177: 174: 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 152: 147: 143: 140: 136: 131: 127: 122: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 47: 40: 36: 32: 26: 25:Dilophosaurus 22: 19: 11807: 11771: 11700: 11693: 11686: 11679: 11672: 11667:Ornithomimus 11665: 11658: 11651: 11644: 11637: 11630: 11623: 11605:Tyrannomimus 11603: 11595: 11587: 11580: 11575:Deinocheirus 11573: 11566: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11508: 11500: 11495:Nqwebasaurus 11493: 11488:Nedcolbertia 11486: 11479: 11472: 11466:Calamosaurus 11464: 11458:Aviatyrannis 11456: 11449: 11424: 11394: 11387: 11380: 11372: 11365: 11358: 11351: 11343: 11338:Aristosuchus 11336: 11330:Aniksosaurus 11328: 11310:Aniksosaurus 11308: 11278: 11271: 11263: 11209: 11174: 11167: 11160: 11153: 11079: 11072: 11065: 11045: 11038: 11030: 11025:Dynamoterror 11023: 11003: 10996: 10976: 10969: 10949: 10944:Asiatyrannus 10942: 10918: 10911: 10882:Dryptosaurus 10880: 10873: 10866: 10835: 10828: 10821: 10813: 10806: 10799: 10792: 10785: 10778: 10773:Jinbeisaurus 10771: 10764: 10757: 10749: 10744:Aviatyrannis 10742: 10735: 10701: 10696:Sinotyrannus 10694: 10687: 10680: 10673: 10652: 10645: 10623: 10616: 10575: 10568: 10561: 10553: 10546: 10538: 10530: 10525:Bicentenaria 10523: 10515: 10510:Asiamericana 10508: 10501: 10442: 10383: 10376: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10348: 10341: 10320: 10312: 10305: 10298: 10291: 10285:Deltadromeus 10283: 10275: 10268: 10217:Tyrannotitan 10215: 10208: 10201: 10194: 10174: 10150: 10145:Taurovenator 10143: 10136: 10129: 10124:Lajasvenator 10122: 10115: 10108: 10103:Concavenator 10101: 10093: 10086: 10061: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10030: 10010: 10003: 9995: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9949: 9941: 9933: 9926: 9919:Allosauridae 9887: 9880: 9875:Shidaisaurus 9873: 9866: 9859: 9839: 9831: 9806: 9798: 9791: 9784: 9753: 9745: 9737: 9730: 9703: 9695: 9683:Avetheropoda 9670:Avetheropoda 9641: 9600:Avetheropoda 9567: 9560: 9553:Spinosaurini 9540: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9511: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9448: 9440: 9433: 9428:Protathlitis 9426: 9419: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9372: 9337: 9330: 9323: 9318:Leshansaurus 9316: 9309: 9302: 9282: 9275: 9270:Megalosaurus 9268: 9263:Duriavenator 9261: 9241: 9216: 9200:Megalosauria 9181: 9174: 9169:Marshosaurus 9167: 9162:Condorraptor 9160: 9140: 9099: 9092: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9056: 9049: 9043:Cruxicheiros 9041: 9034: 9026: 9018: 9010: 8875: 8870:Quilmesaurus 8868: 8861: 8854: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8798: 8791: 8783: 8776: 8769: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8733: 8722:Brachyrostra 8708: 8688: 8680: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8651: 8644: 8624: 8619:Tralkasaurus 8617: 8610: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8560: 8553: 8521:Vespersaurus 8519: 8514:Velocisaurus 8512: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8415: 8409:Deltadromeus 8407: 8399: 8393:Compsosuchus 8391: 8384: 8376: 8368: 8343: 8335: 8329:Lametasaurus 8327: 8319: 8285: 8280:Ceratosaurus 8278: 8258: 8250: 8243: 8235: 8228: 8212:Ceratosauria 8197: 8190: 8115: 8108: 8066: 8058: 8051: 8043: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8014: 7994: 7989:Podokesaurus 7987: 7980: 7973: 7965: 7941: 7933: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7872:Gojirasaurus 7870: 7865:Dracovenator 7863: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7836:Neotheropoda 7821: 7813: 7805: 7799:Guaibasaurus 7797: 7790: 7782: 7774: 7768:Chindesaurus 7766: 7656: 7647: 7563: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7527:February 13, 7525:. Retrieved 7512: 7509:, the actor" 7506: 7501:Welles, S.P. 7495: 7483:. Retrieved 7478: 7472: 7467:Bakker, R.T. 7461: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7408:December 28, 7406:. Retrieved 7402:the original 7397: 7393: 7387: 7379: 7360: 7354: 7335: 7329: 7305: 7298: 7288:February 20, 7286:. Retrieved 7283:The Republic 7282: 7277:Sonorasaurus 7276: 7268: 7256:. Retrieved 7251: 7241: 7229:. Retrieved 7225: 7215: 7205:February 13, 7203:. Retrieved 7199:the original 7194: 7184: 7157: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7074: 7067: 7032: 7028: 7018: 6999: 6991: 6982: 6941: 6937: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6864:February 15, 6862:. Retrieved 6855:the original 6850: 6846: 6833: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6782: 6778: 6758: 6754: 6730: 6726: 6699:cite journal 6677:(2): 31–38. 6674: 6670: 6660: 6643: 6637: 6592: 6588: 6550: 6540: 6517: 6507: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6458: 6454: 6444: 6430:(1): 18–22. 6427: 6423: 6410: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6358: 6352: 6343:10.26879/900 6333: 6327: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6218: 6199: 6193: 6174: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6102: 6090:. Retrieved 6083:the original 6078: 6074: 6061: 6042: 6036: 6015: 6010:Bakker, R.T. 5968: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5912:(3): e4591. 5909: 5905: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5863: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5792: 5769: 5763: 5759: 5756:Plateosaurus 5755: 5747: 5738: 5725: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5623: 5619: 5616:Welles, S.P. 5564: 5560: 5550: 5538:. Retrieved 5534:the original 5529: 5525: 5515: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5478: 5461: 5457: 5432:. Retrieved 5428:the original 5423: 5416:Welles, S.P. 5409: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5341: 5337: 5330:Welles, S.P. 5324: 5307: 5303: 5300:Welles, S.P. 5294: 5275: 5248:the original 5243: 5239: 5193: 5189: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5114: 5110: 5076: 5068: 5043: 5035: 5010: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4942:(16): 1931. 4939: 4935: 4929: 4921: 4907:(3): 57–58. 4904: 4900: 4896: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4801: 4791:December 29, 4789:. Retrieved 4780: 4774: 4766: 4747: 4743: 4719:. Retrieved 4715:the original 4710: 4704: 4696: 4682:(1): 46–53. 4679: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4630: 4585: 4581: 4559: 4555: 4530: 4526: 4494: 4465: 4445:February 13, 4443:. Retrieved 4430: 4423:Welles, S.P. 4397: 4393: 4389: 4386:Welles, S.P. 4334: 4330: 4324: 4270: 4243:February 13, 4241:. Retrieved 4228: 4222: 4217:Welles, S.P. 4211: 4186: 4182: 4179:Welles, S.P. 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148:Welles, S.P. 4083:the original 4071: 4062: 4048: 4044: 4035: 4031: 4028:Peter Dodson 4023: 4015: 4013: 4008: 3999: 3995: 3991:Velociraptor 3989: 3977:animatronics 3962: 3958: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3920: 3909: 3902: 3898:Sonorasaurus 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885:Sonorasaurus 3883: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3862:state fossil 3857: 3855:ichnospecies 3842: 3830: 3813: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3766: 3763:state fossil 3758: 3750: 3709:opisthotonus 3697: 3675:Dinnetherium 3673: 3663: 3657: 3653:Dinnebitodon 3651: 3647:include the 3638: 3636:thyreophoran 3627: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3564: 3558: 3549: 3522: 3484: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3412:phalanx bone 3408: 3399: 3388:Ralph Molnar 3371: 3365: 3335: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3313: 3310:histological 3307: 3303:Dracovenator 3302: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3246: 3242:Darren Naish 3239: 3218: 3210:Kevin Padian 3207: 3182: 3180: 3161: 3154: 3128: 3126: 3122:flash floods 3117: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3060: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3025: 3013: 3011: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2978: 2973: 2965: 2963: 2953: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2870: 2861: 2847: 2829: 2823: 2818: 2805: 2795: 2791:prosauropods 2786: 2782: 2778: 2770: 2761: 2759: 2739:Paleobiology 2730: 2726: 2722: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2615:, excluding 2612:Plateosaurus 2610: 2602: 2600: 2594: 2577: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2512: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2441: 2431: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2406:, including 2403: 2386:Diagrams of 2348: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2330:Dracovenator 2329: 2325: 2322:monophyletic 2319: 2242: 2226: 2225: 2202: 2201: 2185: 2184: 2161:Ceratosauria 2159: 2126:Dracovenator 2124: 2123: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2073: 2072: 2049: 2048: 2026: 2015:Neotheropoda 2003: 1999:Dracovenator 1997: 1978: 1974: 1967:Dracovenator 1966: 1962: 1960: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1936:Dracovenator 1935: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1903:Neotheropoda 1892: 1888: 1884:Dracovenator 1882: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1867: 1861: 1850: 1837: 1827: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1800: 1792: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1762: 1753: 1747: 1707: 1681: 1653: 1550: 1545:Ceratosaurus 1543: 1529: 1528: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1385:dentary bone 1380: 1346: 1320: 1267: 1266: 1232: 1211: 1209: 1110: 1106: 1030: 1029: 1011: 1007: 1001: 997: 993: 992:(from Greek 989: 985: 981: 971: 966: 965:among known 958: 953: 949: 943: 939: 935: 931: 929: 920: 914: 897: 892: 890: 885: 878: 873: 867: 862: 858: 855:osteological 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821:Megalosaurus 820: 817: 809: 750: 718: 710:Megalosaurus 709: 705: 702:Megalosaurus 701: 688: 684:Megalosaurus 682: 669: 659: 608: 602: 572: 568: 554: 548: 540: 519: 511:Dracovenator 509: 501: 500: 476: 474: 467: 463: 450: 449: 448:in 1970, as 445: 437: 433:Megalosaurus 431: 330: 329: 328: 320:Welles, 1954 314:Megalosaurus 312: 290: 285: 269: 268: 248: 247: 235:Neotheropoda 228: 215: 202: 189: 24: 18: 11883:iNaturalist 11832:Wikispecies 11732:Maniraptora 11721:Maniraptora 11702:Tototlmimus 11632:Anserimimus 11582:Garudimimus 11568:Beishanlong 11510:Valdoraptor 11451:Arkansaurus 11396:Xunmenglong 11273:Juravenator 11067:Tarbosaurus 10951:Nanuqsaurus 10920:Gorgosaurus 10837:Megaraptora 10823:Timurlengia 10555:Sciurumimus 10503:Aratasaurus 10371:Murusraptor 10293:Fukuiraptor 10256:Megaraptora 10138:Shaochilong 10110:Eocarcharia 10063:Megaraptora 9983:Lusovenator 9861:Alpkarakush 9718:Carnosauria 9569:Spinosaurus 9542:Siamosaurus 9442:Suchosaurus 9389:Iberospinus 9325:Magnosaurus 9304:Afrovenator 9277:Torvosaurus 9028:Chilesaurus 8841:Carnotaurus 8834:Caletodraco 8820:Abelisaurus 8646:Arcovenator 8493:Laevisuchus 8484:Noasaurinae 8386:Berthasaura 8357:Noasauridae 8287:Genyodectes 8252:Lukousaurus 8245:Jubbulpuria 8045:Panguraptor 8023:Coelophysis 8016:Camposaurus 7975:Panguraptor 7967:Dracoraptor 7943:Zupaysaurus 7928:Tachiraptor 7907:Sarcosaurus 7807:Nhandumirim 6922:(2): 19–37. 6394:(1): 3–17. 5766:footprints" 5540:January 13, 5464:: 105–122. 5434:January 13, 5344:: 191–218. 5019:, 267–271. 4225:discovered" 3927:neck frills 3839:Connecticut 3806:petroglyphs 3780:Navajo myth 3665:Oligokyphus 3628:Sarahsaurus 3607:Rhamphinion 3598:Protosuchus 3416:bony tumors 3291:Coelophysis 3275:Coelophysis 3253:Development 3145:metatarsals 2910:Sarahsaurus 2893:Sarahsaurus 2879:Sarahsaurus 2863:Sarahsaurus 2798:beam-theory 2732:Anchisaurus 2609:similar to 2402:similar to 2075:Zupaysaurus 1981:had either 1894:Zupaysaurus 1820:Coelophysis 1789:Carnosauria 1749:Coelophysis 1708:Coelophysis 1535:pleurocoels 1018:Description 945:nomen nudum 880:Coelophysis 796:(left) and 619:vertebrates 565:Connecticut 556:Sarahsaurus 508:along with 418:during the 11978:Categories 11660:Gallimimus 11589:Harpymimus 11534:Harpymimus 11155:Iliosuchus 11125:see below↓ 10962:Alioramini 10780:Juratyrant 10766:Eotyrannus 10751:Bagaraatan 10703:Yutyrannus 10637:Coeluridae 10563:Vayuraptor 10409:see below↓ 10385:Tratayenia 10378:Orkoraptor 10364:Megaraptor 10270:Aoniraptor 10203:Mapusaurus 10131:Sauroniops 10095:Altispinax 10048:Neovenator 9990:Siamraptor 9976:Datanglong 9943:Epanterias 9935:Antrodemus 9928:Allosaurus 9909:Allosauria 9732:Altispinax 9697:Gasosaurus 9609:see below↓ 9485:Suchomimus 9086:Sinosaurus 8921:see below↓ 8877:Viavenator 8827:Aucasaurus 8764:Ilokelesia 8735:Dahalokely 8690:Rajasaurus 8668:Indosaurus 8661:Genusaurus 8653:Dahalokely 8577:Indosuchus 8473:Limusaurus 8432:Ligabueino 8425:Kiyacursor 8417:Genusaurus 8401:Dahalokely 8321:Betasuchus 8192:Dornraptor 8092:see below↓ 8068:Segisaurus 7921:Sinosaurus 7784:Eodromaeus 7713:see below↓ 7661:Dinosauria 7643:Sauropsida 7485:August 18, 7231:January 3, 7195:CTBoom.com 6785:: 111–127. 6646:(Thesis). 5857:: 369–378. 5764:Gigandipus 5649:: 143–145. 5310:(2): 401. 5117:: 179–184. 4777:breedorum" 4664:"The real 4400:(5): 989. 4055:References 3982:neck frill 3866:state park 3847:Rocky Hill 3804:also have 3753:tracks in 3705:death pose 3688:therapsids 3684:coprolites 3634:, and the 3601:, and the 3577:including 3560:Eocaecilia 3551:Prosalirus 3477:Sinemurian 3133:lacustrine 3034:supination 2868:scavenging 2850:appeared. 2802:bite force 2695:Gigandipus 2687:Kayentapus 2667:Kayentapus 2419:Kayentapus 2204:Sinosaurus 1979:Sinosaurus 1952:Sinosaurus 1940:Sinosaurus 1926:to be the 1879:Sinosaurus 1824:spinosaurs 1769:megalosaur 1720:tuberosity 1692:pubic bone 1553:atlas bone 1349:jugal bone 1327:show that 1299:preorbital 1289:coossified 1216:premaxilla 1043:brown bear 1008:Sinosaurus 671:Allosaurus 666:bas relief 583:neck frill 527:, such as 491:serrations 469:Sinosaurus 316:wetherilli 209:Saurischia 196:Dinosauria 35:Sinemurian 11984:Theropods 11956:Dinosaurs 11736:includes 11681:Rativates 11674:Qiupalong 11374:Scipionyx 11367:Mirischia 11040:Lythronax 11032:Labocania 10971:Alioramus 10625:Labocania 10343:Aerosteon 9889:Sinraptor 9793:Erectopus 9528:Irritator 9113:Orionides 8998:Tetanurae 8985:Tetanurae 8912:Tetanurae 8848:Elemgasem 8771:Llukalkan 8750:Elemgasem 8507:Noasaurus 8370:Afromimus 8178:Averostra 8165:Averostra 8083:Averostra 7935:Velocipes 7754:Theropoda 7741:Theropoda 7704:Theropoda 7629:Kingdom: 7613:Theropoda 7453:178195275 7136:129785393 6990:(2010). " 6916:PaleoBios 6761:: 95–104. 6733:: 98–114. 6691:1731-3708 5993:133770251 5961:Eubrontes 5872:Eubrontes 5760:Eubrontes 5703:(2): 99. 5470:0078-8554 5401:129684676 5350:0303-2515 5218:128759174 4388:(1970). " 4361:220601744 4162:: 85–180. 4150:(1984). " 3969:making-of 3751:Eubrontes 3713:sediments 3700:taphonomy 3694:Taphonomy 3680:haramiyid 3645:Synapsids 3603:pterosaur 3556:caecilian 3542:bony fish 3530:ostracods 3505:siltstone 3380:abscesses 3199:allosaurs 3149:callosity 3137:sandstone 3098:Eubrontes 3090:Eubrontes 3030:Pronation 3022:cartilage 3018:alligator 2938:ecosystem 2888:Syntarsus 2839:crocodile 2723:Eubrontes 2711:Eubrontes 2703:Eubrontes 2683:Eubrontes 2659:Eubrontes 2648:Eubrontes 2636:Eubrontes 2603:Eubrontes 2538:Eubrontes 2533:Grallator 2476:Eubrontes 2454:tridactyl 2434:ichnotaxa 2416:(E), and 2409:Eubrontes 2400:theropods 2390:from the 2359:Ichnology 2244:Orionides 2173:Tetanurae 2148:Averostra 1987:cladogram 1971:Averostra 1956:Tetanurae 1905:, a more 1728:calcaneum 1677:vestigial 1673:olecranon 1660:coracoids 1573:ligaments 1561:axis bone 1539:pneumatic 1369:cordiform 1365:braincase 1355:into the 1309:cassowary 1202:braincase 1035:dinosaurs 988:in 1993, 759:juveniles 755:scavenger 647:Tuba City 496:vestigial 412:dinosaurs 263:Species: 222:Theropoda 169:Kingdom: 163:Eukaryota 11846:BioLib: 11817:Wikidata 11265:Coelurus 10682:Kileskus 10675:Guanlong 10647:Coelurus 10540:Gualicho 10040:Gualicho 9421:Baryonyx 8757:Guemesia 8584:Kryptops 8345:Ozraptor 7982:Pendraig 7637:Chordata 7635:Phylum: 7631:Animalia 7568:cite web 7521:Archived 7469:(2014). 7059:20926438 6974:35607107 6966:17806725 6629:26909701 6589:PLOS ONE 6306:26675035 6266:PLOS ONE 6157:30304035 6117:PLOS ONE 6012:(1986). 5946:19259260 5906:PLOS ONE 5626:: 27–38. 5599:31285577 5418:(2000). 5165:15287100 4856:24598585 4816:PLOS ONE 4785:Archived 4721:July 12, 4610:85354215 4554:(2001). 4439:Archived 4237:Archived 4040:chimaera 3819:rock art 3678:, and a 3546:lungfish 3538:hybodont 3518:conifers 3481:Toarcian 3463:chasing 3345:gum line 3299:ontogeny 3147:and the 2983:kangaroo 2835:gharials 2591:theropod 2432:Various 1829:Baryonyx 1775:to be a 1746:Cast of 1688:peduncle 1656:scapulae 1505:cervical 1373:mandible 1329:air sacs 1325:CT scans 1261:feathers 1235:foramina 1228:diastema 1198:paratype 1117:feathers 1061:holotype 1039:theropod 802:pronated 693:paratype 577:and its 486:mandible 436:, named 428:holotype 409:theropod 304:Synonyms 183:Chordata 179:Phylum: 173:Animalia 159:Domain: 39:Toarcian 11942:Portals 11914:4947129 11901:1013829 11875:4822817 11862:4531466 11823:Q271710 10815:Timimus 10577:Zuolong 10307:Rapator 10210:Meraxes 9535:Oxalaia 8856:Koleken 7879:Lepidus 7641:Class: 7556:. 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