91:-based health technologies to spur changes in patient behavior. The use of digital products to improve health outcomes dates as far back as 2000. The term itself has been in use since around 2012. The first mention of the term in a peer-reviewed research publication was in 2015, in which Dr. Cameron Sepah formally defined the field as: "Digital therapeutics are evidence-based behavioral treatments delivered online that can increase accessibility and effectiveness of health care." Digital therapeutics can be used as a standalone therapy or in conjunction with more conventional treatments like pharmacological or in-person therapy. As of 2018, digital therapeutics continues to be an evolving field that medical professionals, students, and patients are beginning to utilize.
31:. Digital therapeutic companies should publish trial results inclusive of clinically meaningful outcomes in peer-reviewed journals. The treatment relies on behavioral and lifestyle changes usually spurred by a collection of digital impetuses. Because of the digital nature of the methodology, data can be collected and analyzed as both a progress report and a preventative measure. Treatments are being developed for the prevention and management of a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including type 1 &
2294:
204:
platform, however. In a meta-analysis of 85 such studies comprising a total sample size of over 43,000 participants, researchers discovered that digital therapeutics have a "statistically small but significant effect on health-related behavior." The study also showed that a broader use of theory, behavior change techniques, and modes of delivery (especially regular notifications) improved the efficacy of a given program.
225:
therapeutics can also arise from improving healthcare access to underserved populations and address health inequalities, or reducing healthcare expenditure. This broader interpretation has also called into question the fitness of traditional health technology assessment frameworks and given rise to calls to develop novel frameworks that embrace the variety of impacts that digital therapeutics can have.
195:-based therapeutic interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. Another study analyzed seven clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy of a digital therapeutic in significantly reducing blood pressure. A preliminary study suggested that a mobile mindfulness app may be able to decrease acute stress while improving mood.
261:, regulation (EU) 2017/745, commonly known as "EU MDR" classifies potential digital therapeutics in terms of their intended use, application, and potential to cause harm. Because digital therapeutics are increasingly operating within a regulated environment, the degree of documentation and regulatory compliance (such as
314:
is the first country with specific processes for reimbursement (known as DiGa), with France, Italy, and the UK currently considering new pathways to reimbursement. Although German physicians and insurers can prescribe digital therapeutics and be reimbursed at a national level for around 300 Euro per
212:
levels after 1 year (0.43% after 2 years). Another weight loss pilot program using digital therapeutics reported a mean weight loss of 13.5 pounds (or 7.3% of baseline) with a significant average drop in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (18.6 mmHg and 6.4 mmHg respectively). The study also
94:
The
Digital Therapeutics Alliance states: "Digital therapeutics (DTx) deliver evidence-based therapeutic interventions to patients that are driven by high quality software programs to prevent, manage, or treat a broad spectrum of physical, mental, and behavioral conditions." Digital therapeutics are
178:
or sending notifications designed to alter behavior to patients who are at risk of obesity or diabetes and as complex as administering an ingestible radio tag that communicates with an external sensor to monitor the efficacy of a given medication. Diabetes and obesity prevention and management is a
203:
The general consensus among researchers in the field of digital therapeutics is that the discipline requires more clinical data and investigation to be fully evaluated. A variety of studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and impact of behavior change techniques that utilize a digital
102:
may be prescribed digital therapeutics as a method to change their diet and behavior that could otherwise lead to a diabetes diagnosis. Digital therapeutics can also be used as a treatment option for existing conditions. For instance, a patient with type II diabetes can use digital therapeutics to
126:
to small. Digital therapeutics can theoretically collect a high volume of data from a variety of sources. It also collects "smaller" data, "capturing personalized physiological parameters, behavior patterns and social and geographical patterns that can be recorded from multiple digital sources."
254:
cybersecurity in SaMD devices was observed to be growing in newer SaMD applications, the (perceived) absence of clear cybersecurity measures in the vast majority of SaMD devices remains a substantial barrier for patients and health professionals to start using digital therapeutics in practice.
224:
That said, the concept of outcomes and impact in the context of digital therapeutics is generally defined broader than strictly health outcomes. A recent review of 244 studies highlighted that, on top of improving health outcomes in certain circumstances as outlined above, the value of digital
305:
partnership - Jointly developing solutions either to directly treat patients or to be used adjunctively i.e. in tandem with a drug, where the DTx may serve to enhance the effectiveness of the drug by promoting medication adherence or having its own effect. While such partnerships can bring in
253:
processes are in place to ensure that remains the case as software updates occur. However, in an assessment of 4,936 apps that fall under the SaMD umbrella in the United States published in 2019, only 105 (2.13%) included a specific summary of their cybersecurity content. While the content of
281:
or the billable hours of healthcare professionals, there are not currently clear pathways to reimbursement in most health systems. While many manufacturers seek FDA clearance or approval, this is only the first step on the path to being reimbursed for the use of a DTX. Accordingly, digital
187:, and wearable devices can all send data to a unified system. The therapy also uses self-reported data like diet or other lifestyle factors. It is also often used to monitor the potential for heart and lung conditions and change behaviors like smoking, poor diet, or a lack of exercise.
190:
Digital therapeutics can also be used to treat patients with psychological and neurological symptoms. For example, patients with disorders like ADHD, depression, and anxiety can receive cognitive behavioral therapy via their mobile devices. One study looked at the efficacy of
207:
Individual studies have also showed some benefits for patients. For instance, a diabetes prevention program using digital therapeutics saw participants lose an average of 4.7% of baseline body weight after 1 year (4.2% after 2 years) and undergo a 0.38% reduction in
309:
Payer reimbursement - Being paid directly by a health system or health insurance company. While still in a nascent state in most countries, lobbying efforts are underway in the US for there to be specific reimbursement codes for DTx.
1351:
van Kessel, Robin; Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres; Anderson, Michael; Kyriopoulos, Ilias; Field, Samantha; Monti, Giovanni; Reed, Shelby D; Pavlova, Milena; Wharton, George; Mossialos, Elias (2023-07-25).
327:
evaluations of their interventions to show that their use ultimately lowers healthcare costs in the medium-long term, such as by reducing the need for hospital admissions or expensive surgeries.
135:
Digital therapeutics can be used for a variety of conditions. There is no single methodology used in the practice of digital therapeutics. Many approaches use methods based upon
246:
798:
241:
since their launch, many of these have been found to produce inconsistent, misleading, or dangerous results. In response, regulators in the United States such as the
155:. The method can be used to manage and improve outcomes in numerous conditions, including type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, congestive heart failure,
525:
1410:
Lantzsch, Hendrikje; Panteli, Dimitra; Martino, Filippo; Stephani, Victor; Seißler, David; Püschel, Constanze; Knöppler, Karsten; Busse, Reinhard (2022-04-21).
1006:
95:
different from wellness apps or medication reminders in that they require rigorous clinical evidence to substantiate intended use and impact on disease state.
299:(B2B) - Employers may wish to make digital therapeutics available for their workforce, either directly as a benefit or via a benefits administration company
585:
87:
Although digital therapeutics can be employed in numerous ways, the term can broadly be defined as a treatment or therapy that utilizes digital and often
306:
multi-million dollar revenues, ultimately the pharmaceutical company itself will seek reimbursement and is potentially not the ultimate customer.
2253:
1727:"POSA263 How Do the Pricing and Reimbursement Policies for Digital Therapeutics Compare and Contrast Between the US, EU-5, China and Japan?"
1082:
1471:"A Value Framework to Assess Patient-Facing Digital Health Technologies That Aim to Improve Chronic Disease Management: A Delphi Approach"
98:
It is often used as a preventive measure for patients who are at risk of developing more serious conditions. For instance, a patient with
983:
833:"Assessing the Critical Parameters of eSMART-MH: A Promising Avatar-Based Digital Therapeutic Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms"
1768:"There's an app for that, but nobody's using it: Insights on improving patient access and adherence to digital therapeutics in Germany"
106:
The methodology uses a variety of digital implements to help manage, monitor, and prevent illnesses in at-risk patients. These include
615:
Hird N, Ghosh S, Kitano H (June 2016). "Digital health revolution: perfect storm or perfect opportunity for pharmaceutical R&D?".
1240:"Effects of a Mindfulness Meditation App on Subjective Well-Being: Active Randomized Controlled Trial and Experience Sampling Study"
1893:
567:
1412:"Benefit Assessment and Reimbursement of Digital Health Applications: Concepts for Setting Up a New System for Public Coverage"
690:
336:
2178:
2119:
1833:
1682:
806:
775:
156:
1160:
552:
Cymerys E, Duffy S (May 2015). "Implementing USPSTF Recommendations on
Behavioral Counseling for Cardiovascular Disease".
2076:
2081:
702:
23:, are evidence-based therapeutic interventions driven by high quality software programs to prevent, manage, or treat a
289:(DTC) - A digital therapeutic available directly through a smartphone's app store. Business models available include
2260:
468:"Long-term outcomes of a Web-based diabetes prevention program: 2-year results of a single-arm longitudinal study"
356:
2280:
2248:
2323:
1989:
1099:
Le Ber JM, Lombardo NT, Wimmer E (22 January 2015). "Building technology services that address student needs".
955:
2226:
2211:
1949:
1037:
2201:
242:
136:
76:
68:
2318:
2231:
1353:"Mapping Factors That Affect the Uptake of Digital Therapeutics Within Health Systems: Scoping Review"
2275:
2221:
2004:
1944:
1826:
1707:
250:
72:
2270:
2134:
1873:
1189:"Outcomes of a Mobile Health Coaching Platform: 12-Week Results of a Single-Arm Longitudinal Study"
36:
32:
2169:
1470:
1060:
302:
2206:
880:
234:
44:
2195:
2096:
249:
which require manufacturers to prove that their apps are safe, effective, and that rigorous
2297:
2265:
2189:
1883:
1868:
1819:
296:
725:"A Web-Based Platform for Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee: A Pilot Study"
8:
2173:
1621:"Cybersecurity features of digital medical devices: an analysis of FDA product summaries"
209:
1387:
1352:
2159:
1934:
1898:
1792:
1767:
1748:
1653:
1620:
1596:
1561:
1534:
1507:
1446:
1411:
1325:
1290:
1289:
Gensorowsky, Daniel; Witte, Julian; Batram, Manuel; Greiner, Wolfgang (December 2022).
1266:
1239:
1215:
1188:
1124:
928:
911:
884:
751:
724:
494:
467:
427:
286:
233:
While a broad range of unregulated health apps have historically been available in the
192:
119:
2106:
2091:
2086:
1993:
1863:
1858:
1797:
1752:
1658:
1640:
1619:
Stern, Ariel Dora; Gordon, William J; Landman, Adam B; Kramer, Daniel B (June 2019).
1601:
1583:
1539:
1488:
1451:
1433:
1392:
1374:
1330:
1312:
1271:
1220:
1116:
933:
854:
756:
698:
632:
590:
530:
499:
419:
115:
1128:
912:"Device-guided breathing to lower blood pressure: case report and clinical overview"
2183:
2124:
2030:
1853:
1787:
1779:
1738:
1648:
1632:
1591:
1573:
1529:
1519:
1478:
1441:
1423:
1382:
1364:
1320:
1302:
1261:
1251:
1210:
1200:
1108:
923:
844:
746:
736:
666:
624:
489:
479:
431:
409:
324:
24:
831:
Pinto MD, Greenblatt AM, Hickman RL, Rice HM, Thomas TL, Clochesy JM (July 2016).
2045:
2040:
1999:
1965:
1766:
Dahlhausen F, Zinner M, Bieske L, Ehlers JP, Boehme P, Fehring L (January 2022).
1578:
1291:"Market access and value-based pricing of digital health applications in Germany"
1112:
628:
175:
56:
1636:
691:"Chapter 7: The Contribution of mHealth in the Care of Obese Pediatric Patients"
2129:
2114:
1985:
1743:
1726:
1483:
1307:
258:
107:
20:
1783:
1524:
1428:
1350:
293:, subscriptions, advertising, and selling the anonymized data to third parties
2312:
1903:
1888:
1878:
1644:
1587:
1469:
Haig, Madeleine; Main, Caitlin; Chávez, Danitza; Kanavos, Panos (June 2023).
1437:
1378:
1316:
1142:
671:
654:
320:
218:
184:
152:
75:, and several others. Digital therapeutics often employ strategies rooted in
1161:"It's time to break free of the traditional paradigms of disease management"
2216:
2149:
2144:
2050:
2025:
1980:
1801:
1662:
1605:
1543:
1492:
1455:
1396:
1334:
1275:
1224:
1120:
1011:
937:
858:
760:
636:
503:
423:
360:
180:
168:
160:
144:
140:
122:
devices. These implements can collect a wide variety of data, ranging from
64:
1842:
1562:"Open challenges in developing digital therapeutics in the United States"
1205:
741:
238:
179:
major focus in the field of digital therapeutics. Connected devices like
99:
213:
saw a slight but statistically insignificant drop in total cholesterol,
2060:
2020:
1085:. United States Patent and Trademark Office. 27 October 2012. 85765357.
984:"Overview: Health tech startups innovating the behavioral health space"
278:
266:
148:
111:
849:
832:
484:
2055:
1939:
414:
397:
262:
1560:
Miao BY, Arneson D, Wang M, Butte AJ (January 2022). Celi LA (ed.).
1007:"Eight technologies that could change healthcare beyond recognition"
1975:
1929:
1919:
290:
164:
123:
88:
48:
1369:
1256:
2139:
2035:
1924:
1708:"Medicare Billing Codes For Digital Therapeutics: A Path Forward"
1508:"'Trust but verify'--five approaches to ensure safe medical apps"
722:
311:
40:
28:
723:
Dahlberg LE, Grahn D, Dahlberg JE, Thorstensson CA (June 2016).
526:"Digital Therapeutics Have Huge Promise And They Are Real Today"
1970:
881:"This Company Is Tackling Diabetes With 'Digital Therapeutics'"
52:
1811:
1409:
799:"Ready for digital therapeutics? Andreessen Horowitz hopes so"
1288:
802:
1765:
139:
to spur patients to make lifestyle changes, reinforced with
282:
therapeutics companies pursue a range of business models:
60:
830:
688:
586:"What If Doctors Could Finally Prescribe Behavior Change?"
214:
1618:
776:"Is Digital Therapeutics the Next Big Thing in mHealth?"
1724:
395:
272:
1725:
Foxon G, Danev V, Craddy P, Wilson C (January 2022).
1468:
689:
Vlachopapadopoulou E, Fotiadis DI (26 January 2016).
396:
Kvedar JC, Fogel AL, Elenko E, Zohar D (March 2016).
228:
1559:
1098:
1061:"Fighting Chronic Disease With Digital Therapeutics"
315:
course of treatment, adoption to date has been slow.
981:
956:"Digitizing substance abuse treatment and recovery"
2310:
465:
323:for their usage, DTx companies often commission
1676:
1674:
1672:
1004:
614:
568:"Understanding DTx: A New Category of Medicine"
977:
975:
973:
695:M-Health Innovations for Patient-Centered Care
1827:
1683:"Can digital therapeutics become profitable?"
1505:
1237:
1154:
1152:
1038:"Is the time right for digital therapeutics?"
461:
398:"Digital medicine's march on chronic disease"
245:have developed regulatory frameworks such as
1669:
1555:
1553:
982:Gebremedhin D, Schuster M (29 August 2016).
874:
872:
870:
868:
551:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
1238:Walsh KM, Saab BJ, Farb NA (January 2019).
1186:
1094:
1092:
970:
949:
947:
909:
648:
646:
466:Sepah SC, Jiang L, Peters AL (April 2015).
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
1834:
1820:
1295:Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
1149:
1031:
1029:
878:
652:
519:
517:
515:
513:
1791:
1742:
1652:
1595:
1577:
1550:
1533:
1523:
1482:
1445:
1427:
1386:
1368:
1324:
1306:
1265:
1255:
1214:
1204:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1052:
927:
865:
848:
826:
824:
750:
740:
718:
716:
714:
670:
493:
483:
438:
413:
1089:
998:
944:
773:
643:
374:
1035:
1026:
1005:Honeyman M, Gretton C (15 April 2016).
684:
682:
577:
510:
2311:
1680:
1506:Wicks P, Chiauzzi E (September 2015).
1175:
1158:
1058:
821:
796:
711:
610:
608:
337:List of digital therapeutics companies
2179:Artificial intelligence in healthcare
1815:
1346:
1344:
905:
903:
901:
583:
523:
157:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
103:manage the disease more effectively.
1357:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1101:Medical Reference Services Quarterly
953:
679:
472:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1187:Willey S, Walsh JK (January 2016).
910:Elliott WJ, Izzo JL (August 2006).
790:
767:
605:
273:Reimbursement and commercialization
247:software as a medical device (SaMD)
171:, anxiety, depression, and others.
13:
2254:reform debate in the United States
1341:
898:
545:
229:Regulation of digital therapeutics
174:Methodologies can be as simple as
163:, obesity, substance abuse, ADHD,
14:
2335:
2281:(Category Health care by country)
1705:
1083:"TEAS Plus Trademark Application"
653:Capobianco E (10 November 2015).
2293:
2292:
837:Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
697:. IGI Global. pp. 126–146.
573:. Digital Therapeutics Alliance.
130:
1841:
1759:
1718:
1699:
1612:
1499:
1462:
1403:
1282:
1231:
1143:"Digital Therapeutics Alliance"
1135:
1075:
659:Frontiers in Digital Humanities
1990:Academic health science centre
879:Lorenzetti L (22 April 2016).
774:Wicklund E (13 October 2016).
560:
349:
82:
1:
2227:Health information management
2212:health information technology
1950:Health information management
797:Dignan L (18 November 2015).
342:
2202:Translational bioinformatics
1579:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000008
1113:10.1080/02763869.2015.986708
629:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.010
243:Food and Drug Administration
137:cognitive behavioral therapy
77:cognitive behavioral therapy
7:
2232:Consumer health informatics
1637:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025374
1159:Kvedar J (25 August 2016).
1036:Suennen L (29 March 2016).
524:Hixon T (9 December 2015).
330:
198:
10:
2340:
1744:10.1016/j.jval.2021.11.830
1681:Reuter E (11 April 2022).
1484:10.1016/j.jval.2023.06.008
1416:Frontiers in Public Health
1308:10.1186/s12962-022-00359-y
1059:Yeager D (November 2014).
693:. In Moumtzoglou A (ed.).
2288:
2242:
2222:Public health informatics
2158:
2135:Electronic health records
2105:
2069:
2013:
2005:Supervised injection site
1958:
1945:Allied health professions
1912:
1849:
1784:10.1177/20552076221104672
1525:10.1186/s12916-015-0451-z
1429:10.3389/fpubh.2022.832870
655:"On Digital Therapeutics"
584:Duffy S (17 April 2014).
251:quality management system
1712:Health Affairs Forefront
1193:JMIR mHealth and uHealth
954:Baum S (30 April 2016).
672:10.3389/fdigh.2015.00006
37:congestive heart failure
2170:Medical image computing
2120:Artificial intelligence
729:JMIR Research Protocols
303:Pharmaceutical industry
2207:Translational medicine
778:. mHealth Intelligence
235:App Store (iOS/iPadOS)
2324:Behavior modification
2196:Computational biology
2097:Universal precautions
1778:: 20552076221104672.
269:) has increased too.
2190:Behavior informatics
1206:10.2196/mhealth.4933
809:on November 19, 2015
742:10.2196/resprot.5665
617:Drug Discovery Today
402:Nature Biotechnology
297:Business-to-business
185:blood glucose meters
151:such as coaching or
147:, and in some cases
17:Digital therapeutics
2174:imaging informatics
2082:Cultural competence
1566:PLOS Digital Health
1063:. Today's Dietitian
45:Alzheimer's disease
2319:Health informatics
2160:Health informatics
1935:Healthcare science
1244:JMIR Mental Health
986:. Mobi Health News
319:To help build the
287:Direct-to-consumer
120:Internet of Things
110:and technologies,
2306:
2305:
2070:Skills / training
1994:Teaching hospital
850:10.1111/ppc.12112
485:10.2196/jmir.4052
116:desktop computers
2331:
2296:
2295:
2184:Neuroinformatics
2125:Connected health
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1581:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1431:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1372:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1310:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
979:
968:
967:
965:
963:
951:
942:
941:
931:
907:
896:
895:
893:
891:
876:
863:
862:
852:
828:
819:
818:
816:
814:
805:. Archived from
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
771:
765:
764:
754:
744:
720:
709:
708:
686:
677:
676:
674:
650:
641:
640:
612:
603:
602:
600:
598:
581:
575:
574:
572:
564:
558:
557:
549:
543:
542:
540:
538:
521:
508:
507:
497:
487:
463:
436:
435:
417:
415:10.1038/nbt.3495
393:
372:
371:
369:
368:
359:. Archived from
353:
325:health economics
33:type II diabetes
25:medical disorder
2339:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2284:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2154:
2101:
2065:
2041:Overutilization
2009:
2000:Pharmacy school
1966:Assisted living
1954:
1908:
1845:
1840:
1810:
1809:
1764:
1760:
1731:Value in Health
1723:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1670:
1617:
1613:
1572:(1): e0000008.
1558:
1551:
1504:
1500:
1475:Value in Health
1467:
1463:
1408:
1404:
1349:
1342:
1287:
1283:
1236:
1232:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1163:. Med City News
1157:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1040:. Med City News
1034:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
980:
971:
961:
959:
958:. Med City News
952:
945:
908:
899:
889:
887:
877:
866:
829:
822:
812:
810:
795:
791:
781:
779:
772:
768:
721:
712:
705:
687:
680:
651:
644:
613:
606:
596:
594:
582:
578:
570:
566:
565:
561:
550:
546:
536:
534:
522:
511:
464:
439:
394:
375:
366:
364:
355:
354:
350:
345:
333:
275:
231:
201:
176:psychoeducation
133:
85:
57:substance abuse
12:
11:
5:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:United Kingdom
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:Digital health
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:3D bioprinting
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:Bedside manner
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1986:Medical school
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1772:Digital Health
1758:
1717:
1698:
1668:
1631:(6): e025374.
1611:
1549:
1498:
1461:
1402:
1340:
1281:
1230:
1174:
1148:
1134:
1088:
1074:
1051:
1025:
997:
969:
943:
897:
864:
843:(3): 157–168.
820:
789:
766:
710:
704:978-1466698611
703:
678:
642:
623:(6): 900–911.
604:
576:
559:
544:
509:
437:
408:(3): 239–246.
373:
347:
346:
344:
341:
340:
339:
332:
329:
317:
316:
307:
300:
294:
274:
271:
259:European Union
230:
227:
200:
197:
132:
129:
118:, and various
108:mobile devices
84:
81:
21:digital health
19:, a subset of
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2336:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:United States
2247:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:in healthcare
2197:
2194:
2192:in healthcare
2191:
2188:
2186:in healthcare
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1370:10.2196/48000
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:10.2196/10844
1253:
1250:(1): e10844.
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1062:
1055:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1001:
985:
978:
976:
974:
957:
950:
948:
939:
935:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
904:
902:
886:
882:
875:
873:
871:
869:
860:
856:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
825:
808:
804:
800:
793:
777:
770:
762:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
717:
715:
706:
700:
696:
692:
685:
683:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
647:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
611:
609:
593:
592:
587:
580:
569:
563:
555:
548:
533:
532:
527:
520:
518:
516:
514:
505:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
363:on 2020-10-28
362:
358:
352:
348:
338:
335:
334:
328:
326:
322:
321:business case
313:
308:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
284:
283:
280:
270:
268:
264:
260:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
226:
222:
220:
219:triglycerides
216:
211:
205:
196:
194:
188:
186:
182:
181:insulin pumps
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:psychotherapy
150:
146:
142:
138:
131:Methodologies
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
101:
96:
92:
90:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
2217:Telemedicine
2150:Telemedicine
2145:Nanomedicine
1981:Nursing home
1775:
1771:
1761:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1711:
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1687:MedTech Dive
1686:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1569:
1565:
1515:
1512:BMC Medicine
1511:
1501:
1474:
1464:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1360:
1356:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1196:
1192:
1165:. Retrieved
1137:
1104:
1100:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1016:. Retrieved
1012:The Guardian
1010:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
960:. Retrieved
919:
915:
888:. Retrieved
840:
836:
811:. Retrieved
807:the original
792:
780:. Retrieved
769:
732:
728:
694:
662:
658:
620:
616:
595:. Retrieved
589:
579:
562:
554:Health Watch
553:
547:
535:. Retrieved
529:
475:
471:
405:
401:
365:. Retrieved
361:the original
351:
318:
276:
256:
232:
223:
221:, and A1c.
206:
202:
189:
173:
169:hypertension
161:lung disease
145:peer support
141:gamification
134:
105:
97:
93:
86:
65:hypertension
16:
15:
2276:New Zealand
2031:End-of-life
1913:Professions
1843:Health care
1737:(1): S171.
1107:(1): 1–16.
735:(2): e115.
239:Google Play
114:, sensors,
100:prediabetes
83:Definitions
2313:Categories
2243:By country
2107:Technology
2046:Palliative
1874:Philosophy
1864:Guidelines
1692:2023-01-29
1518:(1): 205.
1422:: 832870.
1363:: e48000.
1167:19 October
1067:19 October
1044:19 October
1018:19 October
990:19 October
962:19 October
890:19 October
813:19 October
782:19 October
597:19 October
537:19 October
478:(4): e92.
367:2019-06-11
357:"Join DTA"
343:References
279:medication
159:, asthma,
149:telehealth
73:depression
2271:Australia
2092:Education
2087:Diagnosis
1940:Dentistry
1884:Providers
1859:Equipment
1854:Economics
1753:246150970
1706:Patel N.
1645:2044-6055
1588:2767-3170
1438:2296-2565
1379:1438-8871
1317:1478-7547
1301:(1): 25.
1199:(1): e3.
922:(3): 23.
916:MedGenMed
263:ISO 13485
2298:Category
1976:Hospital
1959:Settings
1930:Pharmacy
1920:Medicine
1869:Industry
1802:35811758
1663:31256020
1625:BMJ Open
1606:36812515
1544:26404791
1493:37385445
1456:35530738
1397:37490322
1388:10410406
1335:35698135
1276:30622094
1225:26747611
1129:21795716
1121:25611437
938:17406163
859:25800698
761:27261271
637:26821131
504:25863515
424:26963544
331:See also
291:Freemium
199:Outcomes
165:insomnia
89:Internet
49:dementia
2140:mHealth
2051:Primary
2036:Hospice
2026:Chronic
1925:Nursing
1894:Ranking
1793:9260569
1654:6609083
1597:9931293
1535:4583172
1447:9068958
1326:9195309
1267:6329416
1216:4723727
929:1781326
885:Fortune
752:4912680
495:4409647
432:1515998
312:Germany
277:Unlike
267:CE mark
265:or the
257:In the
69:anxiety
41:obesity
29:disease
2266:Canada
1971:Clinic
1904:System
1899:Reform
1889:Public
1879:Policy
1800:
1790:
1751:
1661:
1651:
1643:
1604:
1594:
1586:
1542:
1532:
1491:
1454:
1444:
1436:
1395:
1385:
1377:
1333:
1323:
1315:
1274:
1264:
1223:
1213:
1127:
1119:
936:
926:
857:
759:
749:
701:
635:
591:Forbes
531:Forbes
502:
492:
430:
422:
193:avatar
53:asthma
2061:Total
2021:Acute
1749:S2CID
1125:S2CID
803:ZDNet
665:(6).
571:(PDF)
556:(78).
428:S2CID
2172:and
2056:Self
2014:Care
1798:PMID
1659:PMID
1641:ISSN
1602:PMID
1584:ISSN
1540:PMID
1489:PMID
1452:PMID
1434:ISSN
1393:PMID
1375:ISSN
1331:PMID
1313:ISSN
1272:PMID
1221:PMID
1169:2016
1117:PMID
1069:2016
1046:2016
1020:2016
992:2016
964:2016
934:PMID
892:2016
855:PMID
815:2016
784:2016
757:PMID
699:ISBN
633:PMID
599:2016
539:2016
500:PMID
420:PMID
112:apps
61:ADHD
1788:PMC
1780:doi
1739:doi
1649:PMC
1633:doi
1592:PMC
1574:doi
1530:PMC
1520:doi
1479:doi
1442:PMC
1424:doi
1383:PMC
1365:doi
1321:PMC
1303:doi
1262:PMC
1252:doi
1211:PMC
1201:doi
1109:doi
924:PMC
845:doi
747:PMC
737:doi
667:doi
625:doi
490:PMC
480:doi
410:doi
237:or
215:LDL
210:A1c
124:big
27:or
2315::
1992:,
1796:.
1786:.
1774:.
1770:.
1747:.
1735:25
1733:.
1729:.
1710:.
1685:.
1671:^
1657:.
1647:.
1639:.
1627:.
1623:.
1600:.
1590:.
1582:.
1568:.
1564:.
1552:^
1538:.
1528:.
1516:13
1514:.
1510:.
1487:.
1477:.
1473:.
1450:.
1440:.
1432:.
1420:10
1418:.
1414:.
1391:.
1381:.
1373:.
1361:25
1359:.
1355:.
1343:^
1329:.
1319:.
1311:.
1299:20
1297:.
1293:.
1270:.
1260:.
1246:.
1242:.
1219:.
1209:.
1195:.
1191:.
1177:^
1151:^
1123:.
1115:.
1105:34
1103:.
1091:^
1028:^
1009:.
972:^
946:^
932:.
918:.
914:.
900:^
883:.
867:^
853:.
841:52
839:.
835:.
823:^
801:.
755:.
745:.
731:.
727:.
713:^
681:^
661:.
657:.
645:^
631:.
621:21
619:.
607:^
588:.
528:.
512:^
498:.
488:.
476:17
474:.
470:.
440:^
426:.
418:.
406:34
404:.
400:.
376:^
217:,
183:,
167:,
143:,
79:.
71:,
67:,
63:,
59:,
55:,
51:,
47:,
43:,
39:,
35:,
1996:)
1988:(
1835:e
1828:t
1821:v
1804:.
1782::
1776:8
1755:.
1741::
1714:.
1695:.
1665:.
1635::
1629:9
1608:.
1576::
1570:1
1546:.
1522::
1495:.
1481::
1458:.
1426::
1399:.
1367::
1337:.
1305::
1278:.
1254::
1248:6
1227:.
1203::
1197:4
1171:.
1145:.
1131:.
1111::
1071:.
1048:.
1022:.
994:.
966:.
940:.
920:8
894:.
861:.
847::
817:.
786:.
763:.
739::
733:5
707:.
675:.
669::
663:2
639:.
627::
601:.
541:.
506:.
482::
434:.
412::
370:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.