124:
810:
317:
684:
667:" ("the Head", 'the chieftain') and for Stalin his adopted name, meaning "Man of Steel", became synonymous with his role as the absolute leader. For Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco, the use of modest, non-traditional titles displayed their absolute power even stronger as they did not need any, not even a historic legitimacy either. However, in the case of Franco, the title "Caudillo" did have a longer history for political-military figures in both Latin America and Spain. Franco also used the phrase "
357:
577:
40:
1711:. Wasatch, n.d. Web. 16 July 2016: "According to a 1993 study of Soviet archival data, a total of 1,053,829 people died in the Gulag from 1934 to 1953. However, taking into account that it was common practice to release prisoners who were either suffering from incurable diseases or on the point of death, the actual Gulag death toll was somewhat higher, amounting to 1,258,537 in 1934â53, or 1.6 million deaths during the whole period from 1929 to 1953.."
416:
1305:
1316:
520:
refers to a government in which an authoritarian leader exercises absolute political power over the state but is perceived to do so with regard for the benefit of the population as a whole, standing in contrast to the decidedly malevolent stereotype of a dictator. A benevolent dictator may allow for
715:
system of prison labour camps. Most Gulag inmates were not political prisoners, although significant numbers of political prisoners could be found in the camps at any one time. Data collected from Soviet archives gives the death toll from Gulags as 1,053,829. The
1939:
On June 20, Aguinaldo issued a decree organizing the judiciary, and on June 23, again upon Mabini's advice, major changes were promulgated and implemented: change of government from
Dictatorial to Revolutionary; change of the Executive title from Dictator to
1498:"...All Yugoslavs had educational opportunities, jobs, food, and housing regardless of nationality. Tito, seen by most as a benevolent dictator, brought peaceful co-existence to the Balkan region, a region historically synonymous with factionalism."
607:
The association between a dictator and the military is a common one. Many dictators take great pains to emphasize their connections with the military and they often wear military uniforms. In some cases, this is perfectly legitimate; for instance,
391:
was often referred to as dictator, without any negative connotations, by his supporters and detractors alike, although his official title was that of regent-president. When creating a provisional executive in Sicily during the
217:
states. A wide variety of leaders coming to power in different kinds of regimes, such as one-party or dominant-party states and civilian governments under a personal rule, have been described as dictators.
797:
and his policies killed an estimated 1.7 million people (out of a population of 7 million) during his four-year dictatorship. As a result, Pol Pot is sometimes described as "the
1663:
434:
is often associated with brutality and oppression. As a result, it is often also used as a term of abuse against political opponents. The term has also come to be associated with
1525:
1729:
747:
48:
1686:
872:
1800:
1374:
303:
was offered the title of dictator, but he declined it. Later successors also declined the title of dictator, and usage of the title soon diminished among Roman rulers.
707:
Over time, dictators have been known to use tactics that violate human rights. For example, under the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, government policy was enforced by
2041:
967:
892:
as "Code for
Government We Don't Like". According to them, leaders that would generally be considered authoritarian but are allied with the United States such as
648:. Typically, the dictator's people seize control of all media, censor or destroy the opposition, and give strong doses of propaganda daily, often built around a
1444:
791:
1284:
1960:
2712:
1981:
771:
1633:
1423:
1655:
2146:. Publications of the German Historical Institute. Washington, D.C.; Cambridge: German Historical Institute; Cambridge University Press.
1485:
1894:
1509:
1778:
864:
1721:
1108:
Papaioannou, Kostadis; vanZanden, Jan Luiten (2015). "The
Dictator Effect: How long years in office affect economic development".
2226:
1546:
740:
276:, making himself the first Dictator in Rome in more than a century (during which the office was ostensibly abolished) as well as
84:
1352:
2659:
1926:
1694:
2023:
1810:
1608:
1583:
1558:
1479:
1247:
1393:
442:
around themselves and they have also come to grant themselves increasingly grandiloquent titles and honours. For instance,
2527:
2077:
1835:
889:
759:
112:
52:
2434:
2465:
1198:
2644:
2617:
2572:
2545:
2512:
2481:
2450:
2419:
2392:
2365:
2333:
2317:
2301:
2273:
2242:
2211:
2179:
2151:
2120:
2093:
2061:
1155:
820:
Because of its negative and pejorative connotations, modern authoritarian leaders very rarely (if ever) use the term
2195:
833:
767:
2496:
2702:
2257:
943:
1261:
283:
He avoided a major constitutional crisis by resigning the office after about one year, dying a few years later.
2135:
854:
of Poland proclaimed himself
Dictator and attempted (unsuccessfully) to form a Polish government in March 1863.
372:
in which countries marked in different shades of red are considered undemocratic, with many being dictatorships
296:
76:
2349:
948:
419:
104:
1281:
2692:
928:
825:
717:
384:
139:
2592:
History's Worst
Dictators: A Short Guide to the Most Brutal Rulers, from Emperor Nero to Ivan the Terrible
1952:
758:, where Mao set out to purge dissidents, primarily through the use of youth groups strongly committed to
470:
295:, "Dictator in perpetuity", officially doing away with any limitations on his power, which he kept until
1991:
1222:
655:
Mussolini and Hitler used similar, modest titles referring to them as "the Leader". Mussolini used "Il
393:
182:
is generally used to describe a leader who holds or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power.
178:
came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive rule. In modern usage the term
809:
123:
918:
621:
401:
43:
20th-century leaders typically described as dictators, from left to right and top to bottom, include
31:
537:
1888:
1625:
1413:
545:
2697:
1348:
900:
are rarely referred to as "dictators", while leaders of countries opposed to U.S. policy such as
517:
511:
268:
did not have the negative meaning it has now. It started to get its modern negative meaning with
100:
88:
2537:
Social
Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World
952:
700:
588:
460:
2013:
1469:
663:", both meaning 'Leader' in Italian and German respectively. Franco used a similar title, "El
409:
2687:
261:
214:
871:, who formally held the title of Dictator. The dictatorial government was superseded by the
675:, whereas Hitler and Mussolini rarely used such monarchical-associated language or imagery.
185:
Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following: suspension of elections and
1770:
977:
897:
867:(24 May â 23 June 1898) was an insurgent government in the Philippines which was headed by
787:
273:
198:
256:
given sole power for a limited duration. Originally an emergency legal appointment in the
8:
1843:
1015:
755:
668:
649:
439:
206:
1282:
Freedom in The World 2017 â Populists and
Autocrats: The Dual Threat to Global Democracy
435:
2610:
Dictators
Dictatorship and the African Novel: Fictions of the State Under Neoliberalism
1180:
1172:
1135:
1090:
837:
813:
633:
485:
456:
397:
190:
72:
2650:
2640:
2623:
2613:
2595:
2578:
2568:
2551:
2541:
2535:
2518:
2508:
2487:
2477:
2456:
2446:
2425:
2415:
2398:
2388:
2371:
2361:
2339:
2329:
2307:
2297:
2279:
2269:
2248:
2238:
2217:
2207:
2204:
Defiant
Dictatorships: Communist and Middle-Eastern Dictatorships in a Democratic Age
2185:
2175:
2157:
2147:
2126:
2116:
2099:
2089:
2067:
2057:
2019:
1753:
1604:
1579:
1554:
1517:
1475:
1342:
1253:
1243:
1184:
1139:
1094:
1082:
933:
923:
851:
290:
2015:
Diplomacy with a
Difference: The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880â2006
1922:
901:
130:
outmaneuvered his opponents in Ancient Rome to install himself as dictator for life.
2385:
Forms of Dictatorship: Power, Narrative, and Authoritarianism in the Latina/o Novel
2045:
1986:
1869:
Cesare Vetter, "Garibaldi and the dictatorship: Features and cultural sources." in
1749:
1375:
The brutal central African dictator whose playboy son faces French corruption trial
1164:
1125:
1117:
1074:
957:
868:
857:
845:
763:
696:
645:
637:
609:
408:
in Poland, "Dictator" was also the official title of four leaders, the first being
405:
253:
92:
68:
2565:
Guide to History's Worst Dictators: From Emperor Nero to Vlad the Impaler and More
1858:
Dictatorship in the Nineteenth Century: Conceptualisations, Experiences, Transfers
2707:
1839:
1805:
1379:
1288:
987:
905:
786:'s genocide of eleven million people, of whom six million were Jews. Later on in
692:
688:
553:
541:
522:
490:
363:
210:
186:
2672:
2326:
Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers
683:
1027:
982:
938:
836:(27 May â 4 November 1860) was a provisional executive government appointed by
725:
617:
557:
478:
474:
316:
257:
227:
194:
151:
27:
2654:
2627:
2375:
2252:
2189:
2130:
2103:
1832:
1121:
2681:
2599:
2582:
2522:
2505:
Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall
2491:
2460:
2429:
2402:
2343:
2311:
2071:
1883:
1521:
1257:
1086:
779:
729:
708:
641:
613:
466:
388:
368:
323:
284:
127:
44:
20:
2555:
2283:
2221:
2161:
1471:
The Curtain Rises: Oral Histories of the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe
2637:
Revolution and Reaction: The Diffusion of Authoritarianism in Latin America
2266:
Facing Fascism: The Conservative Party and the European Dictators 1935â1940
1418:
1011:
798:
783:
561:
494:
450:'s independence from Britain in October 1962, subsequently styled himself "
356:
155:
143:
64:
56:
778:
on certain races or groups; the most notable and wide-reaching example is
544:
during or after their term. The label has been applied to leaders such as
1887:
962:
202:
116:
108:
2235:
Latin American Dictatorships in the Era of Fascism: The Corporatist Wave
695:
inflicted industrial-scale atrocities on civilian population during the
576:
1176:
1130:
972:
743:
530:
452:
287:
followed Sulla's example in 49 BC and in February 44 BC was proclaimed
245:
80:
39:
888:
in western media has been criticized by the left-leaning organization
1237:
893:
824:
in their formal titles, instead they most often simply have title of
526:
170:
159:
1168:
1050:
828:. In the 19th century, however, its official usage was more common:
660:
60:
1078:
775:
664:
443:
300:
1908:
Stefan Kieniewicz, "Polish Society and the Insurrection of 1863."
1153:
Olson, Mancur (1993). "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development".
1026:
The Victorious Cross (VC) was a medal made to emulate the British
2440:
794:
415:
1107:
678:
430:
assumed an invariably negative connotation. In popular usage, a
299:
the following month. Following Caesar's assassination, his heir
1398:
841:
733:
549:
447:
280:
eliminating the time limit and need of senatorial acclamation.
164:
147:
1445:"AtatĂŒrk, Ghazi Mustapha Kemal (1881â1938) | Encyclopedia.com"
383:
had occasional positive implications. For example, during the
2441:
Kim, Michael; Michael Schoenhals; Yong-Woo Kim, eds. (2013).
1199:"Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, dicto"
860:
was Dictator of Poland from 17 October 1863 to 10 April 1864.
751:
721:
712:
640:
and Adolf Hitler. Others were more prosaic speakers, such as
534:
463:
269:
237:
2502:
2113:
The Dictator Novel: Writers and Politics in the Global South
2288:
How the Conservative government in Britain dealt with them.
2056:(Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1656:"Syria gas attack: death toll at 1,400 worst since Halabja"
656:
96:
2412:
Gender Politics and Mass Dictatorship: Global Perspectives
2360:(New ed.). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
1722:"Remembering the dark days of China's Cultural Revolution"
1707:"Gulag Prisoner Population Statistics from 1934 to 1953."
699:. These include hundreds of chemical attacks, such as the
422:
of Equatorial Guinea is Africa's longest serving dictator.
2474:
Everyday Life in Mass Dictatorship: Collusion and Evasion
2051:
2018:. University of Michigan: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 239.
379:
As late as the second half of the 19th century, the term
2086:
Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World
968:
List of political leaders who suspended the constitution
1687:"Syria, Russia, and the Global Chemical Weapons Crisis"
540:
with limited power, and often makes preparations for a
19:"Dictators" redirects here. For the American band, see
2115:. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
2076:
Scholarly approach to comparative political economy;
1953:"Dictator: Media Code for 'Government We Don't Like'"
848:
into the Kingdom of Italy was ratified by plebiscite.
2503:
Mainwaring, Scott; AnĂbal PĂ©rez-Liñån, eds. (2014).
1925:. National Historical Commission. 7 September 2012.
1306:"Democracy Index 2017 â Economist Intelligence Unit"
624:. In other cases, the association is mere pretense.
2141:
908:have the term applied to them much more liberally.
612:was a general in the Spanish Army before he became
703:, the largest chemical attack in the 21st century.
446:, who had been a British army lieutenant prior to
252:(say repeatedly, assert, order). A dictator was a
1626:"Syria's war: If this isn't a red line, what is?"
671:" on coinage or other material displaying him as
2679:
2316:Covers Brazil, Argentina, and Chile since 1945;
2110:
1833:Architect of Genocide Was Unrepentant to the End
1760:New York: W.W Norton & Company, 1993., p. 91
1574:Morstein, Marx Fritz; et al. (March 2007).
1341:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer (September 15, 2020).
1235:
804:
400:officially assumed the title of "dictator" (see
209:centered on the leader. Dictatorships are often
2594:. Moreno Valley, Calif.: Solicitor Publishing.
2409:
659:" and Hitler was generally referred to as "der
2382:
2054:Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
1603:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 5â6.
816:proclaimed himself dictator of Sicily in 1860.
1405:
679:Human rights abuses, war crimes and genocides
481:in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular
138:is a political leader who possesses absolute
16:Political leader who possesses absolute power
2328:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company.
1898:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1599:Hamil, Hugh M., ed. (1992). "Introduction".
497:but the institution of dictatorship itself.
2232:
2052:Acemoglu, Daron; James A. Robinson (2009).
774:. Some dictators have been associated with
288:
272:'s ascension to the dictatorship following
2612:. Chaim, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
2410:Im, Chi-hyĆn; Karen Petrone, eds. (2010).
2194:Scholarly analysis of 13 major dictators;
1758:A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet,
505:
2639:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2169:
2083:
2048:(search of titles containing "dictator").
1915:
1340:
1129:
1061:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia
865:Dictatorial Government of the Philippines
146:is a state ruled by one dictator or by a
2174:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1882:
1573:
1468:Shapiro, Susan; Shapiro, Ronald (2004).
1051:"Lessons in On-Line Reference Publishing
808:
682:
414:
150:. The word originated as the title of a
122:
38:
2713:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2634:
2607:
2445:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
2414:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
2358:Caudillos: Dictators in Spanish America
2263:
2206:. New York: New York University Press.
2201:
2166:Scholarly focus on 19th century Europe.
1684:
1601:Caudillos: Dictators in Spanish America
1461:
1411:
1053:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
801:of Cambodia" and "a genocidal tyrant".
404:). Shortly afterwards, during the 1863
201:; not abiding by the procedures of the
2680:
2471:
2355:
2323:
2291:
1974:
1871:Dictatorship in the Nineteenth Century
1775:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
1553:. Harper & Row. pp. 421â424.
1507:
1057:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus
1045:
1043:
1006:
999:
2562:
2533:
2387:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2142:Baehr, Peter; Melvin Richter (2004).
2011:
1636:from the original on 20 December 2014
1355:from the original on November 1, 2020
1152:
739:Similar crimes were committed during
627:
2589:
1929:from the original on 27 January 2017
1623:
890:Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting
632:Some dictators have been masters of
571:
2296:. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
2172:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
1685:D. Ward, Kenneth (September 2021).
1666:from the original on 25 August 2013
1412:Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).
1040:
53:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
2144:Dictatorship in History and Theory
2035:
1982:"Idi Amin: a byword for brutality"
1110:Journal of Institutional Economics
500:
426:Past that time, however, the term
14:
2724:
2666:
2383:Harford Vargas, Jennifer (2018).
2111:Armillas-Tiseyra, MagalĂ (2019).
1809:. 20 October 2011. Archived from
1467:
1156:American Political Science Review
567:
529:to exist, such as through public
199:repression of political opponents
26:For the ancient Roman title, see
2476:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
1394:The Five Worst Leaders In Africa
834:Dictatorial Government of Sicily
620:was officially commander of the
575:
355:
315:
2443:Mass Dictatorship and Modernity
2005:
1963:from the original on 2021-04-16
1945:
1923:"The First Philippine Republic"
1902:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1825:
1792:
1781:from the original on 2021-07-15
1763:
1743:
1732:from the original on 2018-06-09
1714:
1701:
1678:
1648:
1617:
1592:
1567:
1539:
1528:from the original on 2016-03-11
1501:
1488:from the original on 2021-05-12
1437:
1426:from the original on 2013-12-05
1386:
1367:
1264:from the original on 2020-07-25
1022:
944:Dictatorship of the proletariat
542:transition to genuine democracy
2673:Current Dictators of the World
2635:Weyland, Kurt Gerhard (2019).
2534:Moore, Barrington Jr. (1966).
1873:(Routledge, 2021) pp. 113â132.
1334:
1298:
1275:
1229:
1215:
1191:
1146:
1101:
322:Country ratings for 2016 from
1:
2294:Dictatorship in South America
2233:Costa Pinto, AntĂłnio (2019).
1510:"What Singapore can teach us"
994:
805:Modern usage in formal titles
720:issued an arrest warrant for
420:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
306:
2042:Online books on dictatorship
1990:. 2003-07-21. Archived from
1034:
929:Benevolent dictator for life
879:
875:with Aguinaldo as president.
844:. The government ended when
718:International Criminal Court
385:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
221:
7:
2348:Brief scholarly summaries;
2237:. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
1576:Propaganda and Dictatorship
1545:
1508:Miller, Matt (2012-05-02).
1223:"Oxford English Dictionary"
911:
10:
2729:
2324:GalvĂĄn, Javier A. (2013).
1889:"Langiewicz, Maryan"
1801:"Top 15 Toppled Dictators"
1598:
752:People's Republic of China
527:democratic decision-making
509:
438:. Many dictators create a
394:Expedition of the Thousand
225:
25:
18:
2472:LĂŒdtke, Alf, ed. (2015).
1236:Le Glay, Marcel. (2009).
1122:10.1017/S1744137414000356
1073:(3): 392â399. July 2001.
919:Authoritarian personality
622:Panamanian Defense Forces
402:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
328:Freedom in the World 2017
205:; and the existence of a
168:, and to a lesser degree
32:Dictator (disambiguation)
2608:Spencer, Robert (2021).
2540:. Boston: Beacon Press.
2356:Hamill, Hugh M. (1995).
2170:Ben-Ghiat, Ruth (2020).
2084:Applebaum, Anne (2024).
1726:South China Morning Post
1691:Arms Control Association
873:revolutionary government
564:of Singapore (1959â90).
158:to rule the republic in
2567:. N/a: Self published.
2264:Crowson, N. J. (1997).
2088:. New York: Doubleday.
1895:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1624:S.B. (21 August 2013).
1349:Encyclopedia Britannica
760:his cult of personality
518:benevolent dictatorship
512:Benevolent dictatorship
506:Benevolent dictatorship
89:Chinese Communist Party
2703:Positions of authority
2590:Rank, Michael (2013).
2563:Peake, Lesley (2021).
2292:DĂĄvila, Jerry (2013).
2202:Brooker, Paul (1997).
953:Enlightened absolutism
884:The usage of the term
817:
704:
701:Ghouta chemical attack
687:Under Syrian dictator
423:
387:, the national leader
341: Partly Free (59)
289:
131:
120:
30:. For other uses, see
2268:. London: Routledge.
2012:Lloyd, Lorna (2007).
1551:The Spanish Civil War
1203:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1067:The Library Quarterly
812:
724:'s military dictator
686:
546:Mustafa Kemal AtatĂŒrk
418:
126:
42:
1449:www.encyclopedia.com
1414:"Obituary: Idi Amin"
1383:. 12 September 2016.
978:Strongman (politics)
898:Nursultan Nazarbayev
788:Democratic Kampuchea
189:; proclamation of a
2693:Heads of government
1912:37 (1967): 130â148.
1856:Moisés Prieto, ed.
1844:The Washington Post
1514:The Washington Post
1322:on 18 February 2018
1242:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1016:Makerere University
1000:Informational notes
846:Sicily's annexation
756:Cultural Revolution
669:By the Grace of God
650:cult of personality
493:satirized not only
477:, Conqueror of the
469:Idi Amin Dada, VC,
440:cult of personality
410:Ludwik MierosĆawski
347: Not Free (50)
207:cult of personality
1910:Past & Present
1860:(Routledge, 2021).
1838:2013-05-09 at the
1831:William Branigin,
1728:. 18 August 2012.
1662:. 22 August 2013.
1402:. 9 February 2012.
1295:, January 31, 2017
1287:2017-07-27 at the
1063:. Merriam-Webster"
838:Giuseppe Garibaldi
818:
814:Giuseppe Garibaldi
705:
634:crowd manipulation
628:Crowd manipulation
587:. You can help by
486:The Great Dictator
457:President for Life
424:
398:Giuseppe Garibaldi
191:state of emergency
160:times of emergency
132:
121:
2025:978-90-04-15497-1
1754:Arturo Valenzuela
1610:978-0-8061-2428-5
1585:978-1-4067-4724-9
1560:978-0-06-014278-0
1481:978-0-7864-1672-1
1249:978-1-4051-8327-7
1239:A history of Rome
1059:. Merriam-Webster
1055:. Merriam-Webster
934:Democracy indices
924:Absolute monarchy
852:Marian Langiewicz
792:General Secretary
605:
604:
297:his assassination
291:Dictator perpetuo
274:Sulla's civil war
49:General Secretary
2720:
2658:
2631:
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858:Romuald Traugutt
764:Augusto Pinochet
697:Syrian civil war
646:Francisco Franco
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254:Roman magistrate
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693:Syrian military
689:Bashar al-Assad
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554:Josip Broz Tito
538:representatives
523:civil liberties
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491:Charlie Chaplin
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228:Roman dictator
226:Main article:
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152:Roman dictator
113:Supreme Leader
101:Prime Minister
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21:The Dictators
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1541:
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1513:
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1419:The Guardian
1417:
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784:Adolf Hitler
738:
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631:
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589:adding to it
584:
562:Lee Kuan Yew
515:
495:Adolf Hitler
484:
451:
432:dictatorship
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156:Roman Senate
144:dictatorship
135:
133:
65:Nazi Germany
57:Adolf Hitler
36:
1709:Wasatch.edu
1359:October 31,
1326:17 February
1131:1874/329292
963:Greek junta
596:August 2024
552:(1923â38),
531:referendums
436:megalomania
264:, the term
203:rule of law
117:North Korea
109:Kim Il Sung
2682:Categories
2655:1076804405
2628:1242746124
2376:1179406479
2253:1099538601
2190:1233267123
2131:1050363415
2104:1419440360
1998:2007-12-02
1967:2021-04-07
1785:2021-07-15
1736:2021-07-15
1532:2015-11-25
1492:2019-01-19
1454:2023-09-18
1430:2008-03-18
1422:. London.
1268:2020-05-21
1208:2024-01-17
995:References
973:Nazi Party
949:Absolutism
744:Mao Zedong
730:war crimes
636:, such as
307:Modern era
246:agent noun
81:Mao Zedong
2600:875273089
2583:875273089
2523:851642671
2492:920469575
2461:810117713
2430:700131132
2403:983824496
2344:794708240
2312:820108972
2072:698971569
1940:President
1670:24 August
1522:0190-8286
1258:760889060
1185:145312307
1140:154309029
1095:148183387
1087:0024-2519
1035:Citations
894:Paul Biya
880:Criticism
826:president
750:over the
396:in 1860,
232:The word
222:Etymology
211:one-party
73:President
2556:28065698
2284:36662892
2222:36817139
2162:52134632
1961:Archived
1927:Archived
1836:Archived
1779:Archived
1730:Archived
1664:Archived
1660:The Week
1640:15 April
1634:Archived
1549:(1977).
1526:Archived
1486:Archived
1424:Archived
1353:Archived
1285:Archived
1262:Archived
912:See also
886:dictator
840:to rule
822:dictator
776:genocide
741:Chairman
711:and the
673:Caudillo
665:Caudillo
489:(1940),
464:Al Hadji
428:dictator
381:dictator
301:Augustus
278:de facto
266:dictator
260:and the
242:dictÄtor
234:dictator
180:dictator
176:dictator
171:autocrat
136:dictator
85:Chairman
2660:Excerpt
2528:Excerpt
2497:Excerpt
2466:Excerpt
2435:Excerpt
2350:excerpt
2318:excerpt
2258:Excerpt
2227:Excerpt
2196:excerpt
2136:Excerpt
2078:excerpt
2044:at the
1817:4 March
1313:EIU.com
1177:2938736
1021:B
1005:A
795:Pol Pot
535:elected
250:dictare
87:of the
51:of the
2708:Titles
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