38:
22:
30:
46:
223:
181:
216:
209:
791:
202:
160:
174:
167:
290:
into the German language area at the end of the 14th century, the word was also transferred to the cards with the value 2. This card became the highest value playing card in the German card deck, the equivalent of the Ace in the French deck. Dummett (1980) assesses that this had happened by the 1470s
339:
Early evidence of the depiction of a hog on the card is found as early as the 15th century, from which deuces of bells and acorns have survived on which there is a wild boar. Decks with a hog or sow on the card along with the 2 of bells have also survived from the year 1525 in the
100:
represents the 2, which is why two hearts, bells, etc. are depicted on the card. In many regions it is not only equated to the ace, but is also, incorrectly, called an ace. In the south German area it has been historically called the
119:(also: Was der Daus!) is an expression, similar, to "What the deuce!" in English, which reflects astonishment, bewilderment or even anger. It is commonly, if wrongly, assumed to be an expression derived from card players' jargon.
291:
because the Ace, originally the lowest card of each suit, had disappeared from German-suited packs by then and that, subsequently, under the influence of foreign card games, there was a need to promote another card in its place.
395:
can ... with a little imagination, picture that the players, in the excitement of the game when playing the trump card ... loudly emphasize their triumph by saying the name of the card.
306:
However, unlike dice games, in which the 2 was a low throw and did not count for much, the deuce card played a special role as a trick card, because it could even beat the King. The
366:
How the boar ended up on the playing card is unknown. Hellmut
Rosenfeld suspects that it was derived from the prize sow that played a role in local shooting festivals (
636:, 1591, in: Das Kloster, ed. by J. Scheible, Vol.10, 2: Fischarts kleinere Schriften, Stuttgart und Leipzig 1848, p.920; here quoted by Marianne Rumpf, p. 14
426:("deuces build houses"), which has been used since 1850, because with a trick with several aces, one quickly scores the points needed to win.
1830:
422:) for 'coins', recorded since the 19th century, because in a game played for money, the aces are worth cash. Quite similar is the saying
1825:
1820:
362:"Sow in card game, from the figure of a sow, which is painted on the Deuce of Acorns, whence the other deuces are also called Sows."
1869:
316:"I have thrown out the Ace, Sow and Deuce of Bells, Clubs, Hearts respectively; but now I hold the Sow of Acorns which now reigns"
2115:
1023:
823:
795:
1768:
356:
manufacturer dating to 1573, on which the hog is found on a 2 of hearts. The link between the deuce and the sow is evinced by
329:("Rhyming Chronicle About Duke Ulrich of Wurttemberg"), which also reveals that the deuce, like the ace in the modern game of
2228:
2246:
2210:
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2150:
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380:, and the depiction of a boar on the playing cards was simply a pictorial illustration of this etymological development.
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as a description of the two pips on a die has been in use since the 12th century. It comes from the Late
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294:
On the German playing card with the 2, the deuce, there is often a picture of a hog or sow. While
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648:, ed. by Eduard Frh. von Seckendorf, Stuttgart, 1863, p. 72; here quoted by Marianne Rumpf, p. 13
335:"The King ought to beat all the cards. That is apart from the Hog. It wants then to be worth 11."
716:. 1st edition, 6th reprint, Stuttgart, Munich, Dusseldorf, Leipzig, 1997, keyword "Daus", p. 160
325:
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inspired card artists who illustrated the free space under the coloured symbols with a sow.
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Zur
Entwicklung der playing cardsnfarben in der Schweiz, in Deutschland und in Frankreich
510:
37:
2136:
1996:
1991:
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259:
139:
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Zur
Entwicklung der Spielkartenfarben in der Schweiz, in Deutschland und in Frankreich
2042:
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1986:
1879:
1840:
1726:
1686:
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1454:
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on the deuces in early card packs, a custom that has survived on the deuce of bells.
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In some games outside
Germany, the Deuce may rank higher than the Ace, such as in
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Reimchronik über Herzog Ulrich von Württemberg und seiner nächsten
Nachfolger
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758:. In: „Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde“ 72, 1976, pp. 1–32 (for
372:) and which was linked with the last sheaf of the harvest. The description
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The language of card players may also have given rise to the expression
77:. It may have derived its name from dice games in which the face of the
45:
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The word 'Daus' is a term that has been taken over from the dice game.
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634:
Die wunderlichst vnerhörtest Legend vnd
Beschreibung des … Hütleins …
595:, 23rd edn. Berlin, New York, 1995; Lemmata "Daus" and "Daus", p. 164
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661:, Berlin, 1741, Vol. 2, p. 151; here quoted by Marianne Rumpf, p. 12
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615:. In: "Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde" 72, 1976, pp. 1–32,
1980:
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dialect in which the "S" is spoken like a "Sch" and the word
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159:
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Belege fĂĽr die
Verwendung in mittelhochdeutscher Sprache im
49:
Deuce of bells playing card depicting a wild boar sow (1573)
1198:
173:
166:
134:. These games share a common ancestor, the Chinese game of
78:
322:("hog") was also used for the deuce as may be read in the
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352:
artist, Hans
Forster. There is also a deck of cards by a
228:
93:
145:
407:("Swap") was used for the four cards. Perhaps the word
109:) and still is today, because of the appearance of a
727:"Playing Cards - The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0"
383:According to Marianne Rumpf, the name comes from a
274:. This corresponds to the French word for "two",
142:, where the two is seen as an auspicious number.
2269:
589:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
298:is unsure, how the card came to be called the
1831:Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards
817:
138:. This ranking system may be influenced by
1826:Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture
824:
810:
403:state in their dictionary, that the word
348:and in a deck dating to 1573 made by the
689:in the Dictionary of the Brothers Grimm.
550:, 5 volume, Freiburg i. Br. 1991; Lemma
548:Lexikon der sprichwörtlichen Redensarten
537:at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
44:
41:WĂĽrttemberg pattern deck: deuce of bells
36:
28:
25:The four deuces from a William Tell pack
20:
2116:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
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714:Wörterbuch der deutschen Umgangssprache
703:in the Dictionary of the Brothers Grimm
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605:
603:
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376:may have been a corruption of the word
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1769:International Skat Players Association
540:
1870:Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards
1853:
805:
534:Games played with German suited cards
360:in his 1741 German–Latin dictionary:
245:
146:Comparison of German and French suits
96:, with which it may be confused, the
598:
578:
523:
278:, which in turn came from the Latin
266:, which was borrowed from the North
2151:Violin and Playing Cards on a Table
1744:
13:
1821:Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer
1807:International Playing-Card Society
1495:United States Playing Card Company
14:
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391:is used for a female pig or sow.
1792:Fournier Museum of Playing Cards
1787:Cary Collection of Playing Cards
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2109:Card Players in a Rich Interior
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659:Teutsch-lateinisches Wörterbuch
434:The deuces are included in the
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16:High card in German card games
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2010:The Phantom of the Card Table
1797:German Doppelkopf Association
1465:NĂĽrnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag
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429:
2229:Patience and solitaire games
2123:Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room
1955:The Expert at the Card Table
672:MĂĽnchner Spielkarten um 1500
480:PLAYING CARD TWO OF DIAMONDS
7:
2247:Tarot and Tarock card games
2211:Non trick-taking card games
1692:Richard Valentine Pitchford
1662:Master of the Playing Cards
499:
10:
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1802:German Playing Card Museum
575:Dummett (1980), pp. 24–25.
466:PLAYING CARD TWO OF HEARTS
452:PLAYING CARD TWO OF SPADES
73:with the highest value in
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494:PLAYING CARD TWO OF CLUBS
286:. On the introduction of
1764:International Skat Court
1754:British Skat Association
657:Johann Leonhard Frisch:
324:Reimchronik ĂĽber Herzog
2220:Trick-taking card games
1759:German Skat Association
1537:Bielefelder Spielkarten
333:, was worth 11 points:
2144:Still Life with a Poem
1347:Guru (circular whirls)
796:Deuces (playing cards)
397:
358:Johann Leonhard Frisch
326:Ulrich von WĂĽrttemberg
62:
50:
42:
34:
26:
2202:Historical card games
2183:Play Your Cards Right
1900:Twenty-One Card Trick
1875:The Circus Card Trick
1637:Johann Kaspar Hechtel
963:Archaeology awareness
957:Ambraser Hofjagdspiel
772:. London: Duckworth.
762:, see pp. 11–14)
565:Wörterbuch der Grimms
393:
342:Swiss National Museum
308:Early New High German
132:President (card game)
48:
40:
32:
24:
1966:History of cardistry
1450:J.O. Ă–berg & Son
973:Flemish Hunting Deck
798:at Wikimedia Commons
766:Dummett, Sir Michael
621:10.5169/seals-117151
196:French playing cards
154:German playing cards
2160:Film and television
2102:The Card Players II
1860:The Acme of Control
670:Hellmut Rosenfeld:
424:Däuser bauen Häuser
2137:Dogs Playing Poker
1702:Johann Georg Rauch
1490:U.S. Games Systems
852:Playing card suits
260:Middle High German
246:Origin and history
140:Chinese numerology
51:
43:
35:
27:
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2043:Si Stebbins stack
1907:
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1885:Out of This World
1880:The Four Burglars
1841:Card manipulation
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1727:Fusajiro Yamauchi
1687:Ferdinand Piatnik
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995:Most-wanted Iraqi
978:Hamas most wanted
935:Curse of Scotland
794:Media related to
770:The Game of Tarot
632:Johann Fischart:
554:in Vol. 1, p. 309
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85:is also called a
75:German card games
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1932:Cards in the hat
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1813:The Playing-Card
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1617:Thierry Depaulis
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732:. Unicode. 2020
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186:Deuce (German:
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2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:Art and media
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Herrmann pass
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Cardistry-Con
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:Card throwing
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
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1881:
1878:
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1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:52 Plus Joker
1780:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:organisations
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:David Parlett
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Lennart Green
1625:
1623:
1622:S. W. Erdnase
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
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1573:
1563:
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1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Oishi Tengudo
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:France Cartes
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:Manufacturers
1401:
1398:
1394:Manufacturers
1392:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
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1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Stripped deck
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
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1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
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1151:
1147:
1141:
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1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:
984:Hofämterspiel
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
954:
953:
951:
947:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
914:
911:
907:
906:Ace of hearts
904:
902:
901:Ace of spades
899:
898:
897:
894:
893:
891:
887:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
857:
853:
849:
846:
844:
838:
834:
833:Playing cards
827:
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
807:
804:
797:
792:
788:
787:
779:
778:0-7156-1014-7
775:
771:
767:
764:
761:
757:
753:
752:
728:
722:
715:
709:
702:
701:
695:
688:
687:
680:
673:
667:
660:
654:
647:
642:
635:
629:
622:
618:
614:
608:
606:
604:
602:
594:
593:Elmar Seebold
591:, revised by
590:
586:
581:
572:
566:
560:
553:
549:
543:
536:
535:
529:
527:
522:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
483:
469:
455:
441:
440:
439:
437:
436:Playing Cards
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
396:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:
364:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
337:
336:
332:
328:
327:
321:
317:
314:, says thus:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
289:
288:playing cards
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
238:
234:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203:
199:
197:
194:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
155:
152:
151:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
47:
39:
31:
23:
19:
2259:}}
2256:Occult tarot
2253:{{
2250:}}
2244:{{
2241:}}
2235:{{
2232:}}
2226:{{
2223:}}
2217:{{
2214:}}
2208:{{
2205:}}
2199:{{
2181:
2173:
2166:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2081:The Acrobats
2079:
2008:
1976:One-way deck
1953:
1917:Card marking
1895:Spelling Bee
1811:
1707:Juan Tamariz
1612:Dan and Dave
1602:Derren Brown
1597:David Blaine
1532:Aspioti-ELKA
1480:Ravensburger
1197:
1192:
1137:
1130:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1050:
1033:
982:
955:
843:52-card deck
769:
759:
755:
734:. Retrieved
721:
713:
708:
698:
694:
684:
679:
671:
666:
658:
653:
645:
641:
633:
628:
612:
588:
580:
571:
559:
551:
547:
542:
533:
433:
423:
419:
415:
413:
408:
404:
398:
394:
388:
382:
377:
373:
367:
365:
361:
338:
334:
323:
319:
315:
303:
299:
293:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
251:
249:
236:
232:
187:
121:
117:Ei der Daus!
116:
115:
106:
102:
97:
91:
86:
71:playing card
66:
54:
52:
18:
2168:Card Sharks
2058:Trick decks
1949:Double lift
1890:Rising Card
1672:Anton Moser
1667:John McLeod
1652:René Lavand
1607:Lewis Cohen
1587:Hubert Auer
1562:Waddingtons
1557:Lewis Cohen
1440:F.X. Schmid
1236:Other suits
1024:Other packs
1000:Politicards
318:. The name
92:Unlike the
89:in German.
2048:Spoke card
1997:mechanic's
1992:magician's
1983:and grips
1922:Card sharp
1736:Groups and
1722:Dai Vernon
1592:Bryan Berg
1415:Cartamundi
1396:and brands
1379:of Strings
1315:Portuguese
1166:Court card
1126:Tarot pack
1096:uta-garuta
749:Literature
517:References
430:In Unicode
235:, French:
65:, plural:
2074:Paintings
2031:Gilbreath
2021:Shuffling
1987:gambler's
1846:cardistry
1642:Ricky Jay
1582:Lee Asher
1542:C.L. WĂĽst
1425:Dal Negro
1343:Japanese
1212:Nicknames
1026:and decks
940:Beer card
841:Standard
511:Skat deck
506:Pip cards
491:🃒
477:🃂
463:🂲
449:🂢
354:Frankfurt
250:The word
231:(German:
111:wild boar
81:with two
69:) is the
2272:Category
1657:Ed Marlo
1460:Nintendo
1430:Fournier
1188:Pip card
1105:Kvitlech
1089:kabufuda
1075:hanafuda
968:Charruan
875:Diamonds
768:(1980).
500:See also
350:Viennese
310:author,
258:, later
128:Tiáşżn lĂŞn
1944:Cutting
1552:Dondorf
1525:Defunct
1516:Grimaud
1511:Bicycle
1475:Piatnik
1455:Modiano
1377:Myriads
1311:Spanish
1307:Italian
1305:Latin (
1270:Shields
1227:Unicode
1121:Russian
1059:ganjapa
1052:Ganjifa
1041:Chinese
736:6 April
486:U+1F0D2
472:U+1F0C2
458:U+1F0B2
444:U+1F0A2
320:Schwein
124:Big two
2178:(1896)
2036:Zarrow
2002:Tenkai
1854:Tricks
1504:Brands
1445:Gemaco
1339:Swords
1334:Batons
1291:Acorns
1252:Leaves
1244:German
1171:knight
1156:Banner
1139:Zi pai
1132:Tujeon
1111:Polish
1068:Karuta
1035:As-Nas
870:Hearts
865:Spades
856:French
776:
700:Tausch
686:Dausch
683:Daus:
488:
474:
460:
446:
420:Deuser
418:(also
416:Däuser
409:Dausch
405:Tausch
389:Dausch
346:ZĂĽrich
270:word,
268:French
262:word,
130:, and
67:Däuser
59:German
2238:Poker
1981:Palms
1485:Trefl
1420:Copag
1329:Coins
1296:Bells
1275:Roses
1262:Swiss
1222:Talon
1207:Joker
1193:deuce
1181:Unter
1161:Blank
1149:Cards
918:Queen
889:Ranks
880:Clubs
730:(PDF)
385:Baden
98:deuce
55:deuce
2026:faro
1844:and
1746:Skat
1367:Cash
1324:Cups
1199:Weli
1176:Ober
930:Jack
913:King
774:ISBN
760:Daus
738:2021
552:Daus
399:The
378:Daus
331:Skat
300:Daus
282:and
280:duos
276:deux
272:daus
252:Daus
188:Daus
87:Daus
83:pips
63:Daus
53:The
896:Ace
617:doi
374:Sau
344:in
284:duo
264:dûs
233:Ass
229:Ace
107:Sau
103:sow
94:ace
79:die
2274::
600:^
587::
525:^
438::
239:)
237:as
190:)
126:,
61::
1317:)
1313:/
1309:/
858:)
854:(
825:e
818:t
811:v
740:.
623:.
619::
105:(
57:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
