120:, and graving tools. The microblades were used as hunting weapons and were mounted in wood, antler, or bone points. Paleo-Arctic stone specialists also created bifaces that were used as tools and as cores for the production of large artifact blanks. Little evidence remains of the culture's settlement patterns, because many of the settlements were inundated by the
91:. People who inhabited this region in Alaska were of the Dyuktai tradition, originally located in Siberia. Eventually, the Dyuktai changed into the Sumnagin culture, a hunting/fishing group, whose culture was defined by possessing a new technology. Other cultures flourished as well, all being placed under the general category of the Paleo-Arctic tradition.
144:. It has been found at the Dry Creek, Moose Creek, and Walker Road archaeological sites and is characterized by bifacially flaked, unfluted spear points. The complex also includes bifacially worked knives and unifacially retouched lithic flakes lacking microblades that generally resemble similar lithics found in sites of the
164:
The Denali
Complex denotes a more recent part of the Paleo-Arctic Tradition dated to 10,000 BP. Although it is found in similar sites to the Nenana Complex such as the Dry Creek archaeological site, it is distinguished stratigraphically and through the presence of microblades, wedge-shaped lithic
99:
cultural traditions that flourished over an enormous area of extreme northwestern North
America for at least 4000 years, and longer in many places. Other terms such as the Northwest Microblade tradition, Denali Complex, and Beringian tradition have been used to describe these same general
100:
adaptations, but Paleo-Arctic is the most appropriate because it is the kind of general label that reflects a great variety of different human adaptations during a period of increasing environmental diversity and change".
1388:
1459:
414:
1485:
436:
188:
957:
1433:
1505:
1373:
1062:
1495:
1132:
922:
407:
45:, which date from the period 8000–5000 BC. The tradition covers Alaska, and expands far into the east, west, and the Southwest
1490:
1027:
822:
897:
832:
812:
1037:
223:
400:
1418:
1393:
1343:
807:
241:"New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River"
1167:
947:
772:
1510:
381:
912:
1515:
1413:
1378:
1182:
1052:
902:
857:
1500:
1323:
1117:
1092:
1012:
704:
448:
337:
305:
17:
1328:
877:
1423:
1192:
777:
762:
636:
183:
1032:
787:
1250:
1202:
724:
1137:
992:
962:
521:
423:
1428:
1162:
1152:
1112:
987:
719:
654:
128:; however, remains of stone tools were discovered, giving indirect evidence of settlement sites.
1097:
817:
607:
541:
526:
27:
Cultural tradition of the earliest well-documented human occupants of the North
American Arctic
213:
68:. Upward Sun River is the site of the oldest human remains discovered on the American side of
1291:
1225:
1172:
1067:
967:
734:
699:
689:
630:
193:
117:
109:
53:
862:
714:
586:
254:
166:
8:
1353:
649:
576:
551:
516:
496:
145:
258:
1520:
1438:
982:
977:
837:
684:
620:
601:
536:
531:
463:
327:
277:
240:
84:
556:
136:
The Nenana
Complex is the oldest part of the Paleo-Arctic Tradition found in cultural
1464:
1265:
972:
729:
709:
491:
377:
343:
333:
282:
219:
1408:
1245:
1197:
1147:
1087:
1002:
927:
917:
892:
847:
694:
644:
625:
615:
566:
561:
272:
262:
57:
95:"The Paleo-Arctic tradition is still a shadowy entity, a patchwork of local Early
1301:
1255:
1007:
952:
942:
802:
581:
511:
506:
486:
453:
351:
46:
38:
to the cultural tradition of the earliest well-documented human occupants of the
1383:
1368:
1358:
997:
827:
782:
679:
591:
546:
141:
121:
65:
60:
archaeological site associated with the Paleo-Arctic
Tradition, located in the
1260:
392:
1479:
1240:
1235:
1127:
1077:
1072:
1057:
1047:
1042:
792:
669:
481:
458:
178:
88:
61:
39:
301:
267:
1443:
1398:
1348:
1338:
1318:
1286:
1187:
1142:
1122:
907:
887:
852:
767:
752:
571:
443:
286:
137:
355:
1296:
1177:
1157:
1022:
882:
872:
757:
501:
35:
1333:
1230:
1102:
1017:
842:
105:
932:
1107:
937:
1306:
1270:
1220:
1082:
867:
153:
125:
113:
96:
69:
1313:
797:
674:
596:
80:
347:
659:
149:
76:
42:
332:(1st ed.). London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. p. 143.
1403:
302:"Ancient Alaska infants' DNA supports human migration theory"
374:
The Past In
Perspective: An Introduction to Human Prehistory
1363:
245:
152:, possibly due to migration and cultural exchange over the
108:
remains (stone technology). Some artifacts found include
329:
Ancient North
America: The Archaeology of a Continent
211:
1477:
239:Potter, Ben A.; Irish, Joel (December 2, 2014).
422:
189:List of archaeological periods (North America)
408:
112:, small wedge-shaped cores, some leaf-shaped
64:, Alaska has now been dated to around 11,500
376:. Oxford University Press. p. 241-242.
238:
415:
401:
923:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
367:
365:
276:
266:
205:
1486:Archaeological cultures of North America
14:
1478:
362:
396:
371:
325:
299:
104:The Paleo-Arctic is mostly known for
1394:Norse colonization of North America
140:layers dating from 11,800 to 11,000
24:
25:
1532:
1506:Native American history of Alaska
300:Horne, Naomi (October 26, 2015).
215:The A to Z of Early North America
159:
131:
1496:Archaeology of the United States
218:. Scarecrow Press. p. 155.
1491:Archaic period in North America
1414:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
319:
306:University of Alaska Fairbanks
293:
232:
13:
1:
199:
1379:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
1329:Eastern Agricultural Complex
7:
763:Bandelier National Monument
637:List of Mississippian sites
424:Pre-Columbian North America
184:Archaeology of the Americas
172:
10:
1537:
1183:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
788:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
497:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
212:Cameron B. Wesson (2009).
1452:
1424:Three Sisters agriculture
1279:
1211:
743:
472:
430:
87:, located in the current
47:Yukon Territory of Canada
1511:Prehistory of the Arctic
963:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
522:Buttermilk Creek complex
326:Fagan, Brian M. (2000).
1163:Town Creek Indian Mound
1133:Sierra de San Francisco
988:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
372:Feder, Kenneth (2017).
268:10.1073/pnas.1413131111
79:was still connected to
1516:Pre-Columbian cultures
818:Coso Rock Art District
705:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
608:List of Hopewell sites
32:Paleo-Arctic Tradition
1501:Archaeology of Canada
1226:Arlington Springs Man
1068:Portsmouth Earthworks
194:Upward Sun River site
54:Upward Sun River site
34:is the name given by
1434:Transoceanic contact
1324:Container Revolution
898:Gila Cliff Dwellings
863:Etowah Indian Mounds
1354:Green Corn Ceremony
1168:Turkey River Mounds
958:Lake Jackson Mounds
778:Blue Spring Shelter
259:2014PNAS..11117060P
253:(48): 17060–17065.
146:Kamchatka Peninsula
1439:Underwater panther
1113:Rosenstock Village
983:Marmes Rockshelter
968:L'Anse aux Meadows
154:Bering land bridge
1473:
1472:
1465:Pre-Columbian era
1266:Spirit Cave mummy
1063:Plum Bayou Mounds
973:Lynch Quarry Site
492:Ancient Beringian
225:978-0-8108-6339-2
122:rising sea levels
16:(Redirected from
1528:
1409:Projectile point
1246:Leanderthal Lady
1173:Upward Sun River
1148:Stallings Island
1138:Shell ring sites
1088:Recapture Canyon
1003:Moorehead Circle
848:El Fin del Mundo
833:Cueva de la Olla
639:
626:Maritime Archaic
610:
440:
417:
410:
403:
394:
393:
388:
387:
369:
360:
359:
323:
317:
316:
314:
312:
297:
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236:
230:
229:
209:
75:Around 8000 BC,
58:Late Pleistocene
21:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1460:Genetic history
1448:
1302:Ceremonial pipe
1275:
1256:Minnesota Woman
1213:
1207:
1028:Ocmulgee Mounds
1008:Morrison Mounds
953:Kolomoki Mounds
943:Kimball Village
803:Candelaria Cave
745:
739:
720:Suwannee Valley
655:Old Cordilleran
635:
606:
474:
468:
434:
426:
421:
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384:
370:
363:
340:
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175:
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134:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1534:
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1498:
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1470:
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1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Mound Builders
1381:
1376:
1371:
1369:Medicine wheel
1366:
1361:
1359:Horned Serpent
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
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1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
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1263:
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1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Roberts Island
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Old Stone Fort
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Moaning Cavern
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
948:Kincaid Mounds
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
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905:
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895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
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845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Cuarenta Casas
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Bluefish Caves
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
749:
747:
744:Archaeological
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
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687:
682:
677:
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641:
640:
628:
623:
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613:
612:
611:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
542:Caloosahatchee
539:
534:
529:
527:Caborn-Welborn
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
476:
473:Archaeological
470:
469:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
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431:
428:
427:
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405:
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361:
338:
318:
292:
231:
224:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
174:
171:
161:
160:Denali Complex
158:
133:
132:Nenana Complex
130:
102:
101:
40:North American
36:archaeologists
26:
18:Denali Complex
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1533:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
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1427:
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1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
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1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Falcon dancer
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:Miscellaneous
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:Melbourne Man
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:La Brea Woman
1239:
1237:
1236:Kennewick Man
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Serpent Mound
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Pueblo Bonito
1076:
1074:
1073:Poverty Point
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Pinson Mounds
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Painted Bluff
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Horr's Island
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Effigy Mounds
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:Crystal River
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
742:
736:
735:Weeden Island
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:Safety Harbor
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Poverty Point
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Paleo-Indians
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
638:
634:
633:
632:
631:Mississippian
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
609:
605:
604:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
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573:
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568:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
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538:
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533:
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528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
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510:
508:
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503:
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493:
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488:
485:
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465:
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447:
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442:
439:
438:
433:
432:
429:
425:
418:
413:
411:
406:
404:
399:
398:
395:
385:
383:9780190275891
379:
375:
368:
366:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
335:
331:
330:
322:
307:
303:
296:
288:
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279:
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269:
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260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
235:
227:
221:
217:
216:
208:
204:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Paleo-Indians
177:
176:
170:
168:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:stratigraphic
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
94:
93:
92:
90:
89:Bering Strait
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
62:Tanana Valley
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1444:Water glyphs
1399:Oasisamerica
1389:N.A.G.P.R.A.
1349:Folsom point
1339:Effigy mound
1319:Clovis point
1287:Aridoamerica
1188:Wickiup Hill
1143:Spiro Mounds
1123:Salmon Ruins
1118:Russell Cave
913:Helen Blazes
908:Grimes Point
888:Fort Juelson
878:Fort Ancient
853:El Vallecito
813:Chaco Canyon
753:Angel Mounds
715:Steed-Kisker
665:Paleo-Arctic
664:
587:Glacial Kame
572:Fort Ancient
464:Post-Classic
435:
373:
328:
321:
309:. Retrieved
295:
250:
244:
234:
214:
207:
163:
135:
103:
74:
51:
31:
29:
1429:Thunderbird
1297:Black drink
1261:Peñon woman
1198:Winterville
1178:Velda Mound
1158:Taos Pueblo
1053:Parkin Park
1038:Orwell site
1023:Nodena site
918:Holly Bluff
893:Four Mounds
883:Fort Center
808:Casa Grande
758:Anzick site
650:Monongahela
577:Fort Walton
552:Coles Creek
517:Belle Glade
502:Anishinaabe
165:cores, and
110:microblades
1480:Categories
1374:Metallurgy
1334:Eden point
1231:Buhl Woman
1103:Rock Eagle
1093:River Styx
1018:Mummy Cave
1013:Moundville
993:Mesa Verde
978:Marksville
725:Tchefuncte
685:Plaquemine
621:Las Palmas
537:Calf Creek
532:Cades Pond
339:0500281483
311:30 October
200:References
85:landbridge
1521:Stone Age
1419:Stickball
1108:Rock Hawk
938:Key Marco
730:Troyville
710:St. Johns
695:Red Ocher
454:Formative
83:with the
1307:Chanunpa
1292:Ballgame
1271:Vero man
1221:Anzick-1
1193:Windover
1153:SunWatch
1083:Rassawek
903:Glenwood
793:Brewster
645:Mogollon
616:La Jolla
602:Hopewell
562:Deptford
475:cultures
348:99070860
287:25385599
173:See also
126:Holocene
118:scrapers
97:Holocene
70:Beringia
1456:Related
1314:Chunkey
1214:remains
1203:Wupatki
1043:Paquime
933:Huápoca
798:Cahokia
768:Bastian
675:Patayan
597:Hohokam
582:Fremont
557:Comondú
512:Baytown
507:Avonlea
487:Alachua
459:Classic
449:Archaic
437:Periods
356:103272W
278:4260572
255:Bibcode
124:of the
114:bifaces
81:Siberia
873:Folsom
838:Cutler
773:Benson
660:Oneota
592:Glades
567:Folsom
547:Clovis
444:Lithic
380:
354:
346:
336:
285:
275:
222:
167:burins
150:Russia
106:lithic
77:Alaska
43:Arctic
1404:Piasa
1212:Human
843:Eaker
746:sites
680:Plano
482:Adena
1364:Kiva
378:ISBN
344:LCCN
334:ISBN
313:2015
283:PMID
246:PNAS
220:ISBN
56:, a
52:The
30:The
868:Eva
273:PMC
263:doi
251:111
148:in
1482::
364:^
352:OL
350:.
342:.
304:.
281:.
271:.
261:.
249:.
243:.
169:.
156:.
142:BP
116:,
72:.
66:BP
49:.
416:e
409:t
402:v
386:.
358:.
315:.
289:.
265::
257::
228:.
20:)
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