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done preventatively as part of wedding, bnei mitzvah, and housewarming festivities to ward away the evil eye. The afflictions of jinn may simply be buildups of emotional stress or more serious illness. During trance, the jinn enter the body, and the participants do not remember what occurred during trance afterwards. If a particular person has needed a
Stambali ceremony organized, the jinn afflicting them will be asked what it wants as it possesses them. Usually requests involve clothes and an animal for sacrifice. The atmosphere is festive, and participants wear bright clothes and henna. Aside from musicians, the participants are all women. The dances and lyrics are improvised. Those seen as particularly susceptible to jinn affliction are the victims and perpetrators of aggression, those who are frightened, and those who may have the evil eye directed at them. Showers are also seen as particularly vulnerable places where a jinn may attach themselves to a person.
622:
3663:), composed of fire, prone to anger and passion. They envy humans for their physical body, and try to gain control of it. When they assault a human, they would intrude their mind, trying to displace the human spirit. The human's mind would adapt to the passions of anger, violence, irrationality and greed, the intruding demon is composed of. The demon is believed to alter the person, giving him supernatural attributes, like strength of many men, ability to appear in more than one place, or assume the form of an animal, such as a tiger or a pig, or to kill without touching. Others become lunatics, resembling epilepsy. In extreme cases, the presence of the demon may alter the condition of the body, matching its own spiritual qualities, turning into a
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deceased are not worshiped by the family, they have died unexpectedly, or did not follow
Confucius's ideals of filial piety and ancestral reverence accordingly. These evil spirits cause unexplainable disasters, agricultural shocks and possessions. Disease is the cause of the supernatural where they do not have control over. Usually in the writings about this, the healers are the ones being described with detail, not so much the patient. Magical practices are sometimes what spirit possession is referred to as. It is very hard to distinguish between the religion, magic and local traditions. This is because many times, all three are fused together, so sometimes trying to distinguish between them is hard.
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spiritual vortex at the center. The spiritual vortex at the center of the ring shout was a sacred spiritual realm. The center of the ring shout is where the ancestors and the Holy Spirit reside at the center. The Ring Shout (a sacred dance in Hoodoo) in Black churches results in spirit possession. The Ring Shout is a counterclockwise circle dance with singing and clapping that results in possession by the Holy Spirit. It is believed when people become possessed by the Holy Spirit their hearts become filled with the Holy Ghost which purifies their heart and soul from evil and replace it with joy. The Ring Shout in Hoodoo was influenced by the
1898:, there was a man possessed by a demon, an evil spirit. He cried out at the top of his voice, "Ha! What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!" "Be quiet!" Jesus said sternly. "Come out of him!" Then the demon threw the man down before them all and came out without injuring him. All the people were amazed and said to each other, "What is this teaching? With authority and power he gives orders to evil spirits and they come out!" And the news about him spread throughout the surrounding area
3229:"Āshipu" acted as an exorcist in Mesopotamia and were trained in many fields of occultism, priesthood and herbalism. As amulets (called teraphim) were also used in Yahwism to ward off evil spirits, it may also be reconstructed that there were people in Ancient Israel who acted as exorcists or shamans who would do specific rituals to ward off evil spirits. As mentioned previously, these may have included music, incense, prayers, and trance-rituals. According to Reimund Leicht, formulae was used ward off the evil, along with ritualistic sacrifices.
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5152:
1986:
3435:/unaffiliated (nonreligion). Therefore, the Chinese population's knowledge of spirit possession is not majorly obtained from religion. Instead, the concept is spread through fairy tales/folk tales and literary works of its traditional culture. In essence, the concept of soul possession has penetrated into all aspects of Chinese life, from people's superstitions, folk taboos, and funeral rituals, to various ghost-themed literary works, and has continued to spread to people's lives today.
3031:. According to tradition, there is some guiding spirits that possess a voluntary person, this normally are made when there is a person that wants to ask for some guidance, when the person are possessed by a guiding spirit, the possessed person the give guidance to people that ask for consultation, they answer questions and sometimes explain rituals to help the consulting person to achieve their goals or solve problems in their life, exemples of such spirits are
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feng shui, divination, etc. The yin-yang theory also applies to spirit possession. In general, one is considered to be "weak", when the yin and yang in the body are imbalanced, especially when the yin is on the dominant side. The spirits, which are categorized as the yin side, will then take control of these individuals with the imbalanced and yin-dominant situation more easily.
3203:, muḫḫûm/muḫḫūtum (masc./fem., Old Babylonian) and maḫḫû/maḫḫūtu (masc./fem., Neo-Assyrian), are derived from the Akkadian verb maḫû "to become crazy, to go into a frenzy." According to bible scholar Simon B. Parker, trance rituals may have occurred such as nudity or a less extreme alternative, a trance where the person to enter trance receives the god or spirit into their body.
2318:. The New Testament's description of people who had evil spirits includes a knowledge of future events (Acts 16:16) and great strength (Act 19:13–16), among others, and shows that those with evil spirits can speak of Christ (Mark 3:7–11). Some Evangelical denominations believe that demonic possession is not possible if one has already professed their faith in Christ, because the
3141:. "Walter Pitts (1993) has demonstrated the modern importance of 'possession' within African- American Baptist ritual, tracing the origins of the ecstatic state (often referred to as 'getting the spirit') to African possessions." Church members in Black Spiritual churches become possessed by spirits of deceased family members, the Holy Spirit, Christian saints, and other
2725:. This affliction presents itself by loss of appetite, nausea, and attacks from severe stomach pains. If it persists, the victim may enter a trance-like stupor, in which he sometimes regains consciousness long enough to take food and water. Breathing is often labored. Seizures and trembling overcome the patient, and in extreme cases, partial paralysis of the extremities.
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cultures. The DSM-5 indicates that personality states of dissociative identity disorder may be interpreted as possession in some cultures, and instances of spirit possession are often related to traumatic experiences—suggesting that possession experiences may be caused by mental distress. In cases of dissociative identity disorder in which the
3456:, a prophet, healer and religious figure with the power to partially control spirits and communicate for them. Messages, remedies and even oracles are delivered through the shaman. This is sometimes used by people who would like to become important figures. Usually, shamans give guidance that reflects the customer's existing values.
2506:), though part of the human conception, get stronger through acts of sin. By acts of obedience (to God), they get weaker. Although a human might find pleasure in obeying the demons first, according to Islamic thought, the human soul can only be free if the demons are bound by the spirit (ruh). Sufi literature, as in the writings of
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3814:. Although Chuuk is an overwhelmingly Christian society, traditional beliefs in spirit possession by the dead still exist, usually held by women, and "events" are usually brought on by family conflicts. The supposed spirits, speaking through the women, typically admonish family members to treat each other better.
3709:, a state of trance-possession known as "Sami Aduthal" in Tamil and as a "manifestation" in English occurs whence a devotee enters a trance state after praying. It is an essential part to Indo-Caribbean Shakti ceremonies, being accompanied by Tappu drumming, the singing of devotional songs, and the drumming of
2260:, issued a "warning against occult spirituality following the rise in people trying to communicate with the dead". The commission reported that "becoming involved in activities such as Spiritualism can open up a doorway to great spiritual oppression which requires a Christian rite to set that person free".
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Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans' repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the
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noted that spirit possession beliefs in
Malaysia were typically held by older, married women, whereas the female factory workers are typically young and unmarried. She connects this to the rapid industrialization and modernization of Malaysia. Ong argued that spirit possession is a traditional way of
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typically demand luxury items to make the patient well again. Despite the fact that men sometimes accuse women of faking the possessions in order to get luxury items, attention, and sympathy, they do generally regard spirit possession as a genuine condition and view victims of it as being ill through
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Stambali uses incense, music (traditionally performed by Black musicians from fraternal orders), dance, animal sacrifice, and large spreads of food to induce trance and to appease jinn which may be afflicting someone, and ceremonies may be regularly repeated by that person. Stambali is also sometimes
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was prayer by claiming to "know a minister who has seen lots of kids that are autistic, that he cast that demon out, and they were healed, and then he had to pray and their brain was rewired and they were fixed." Members of the pastor's community found his comment to be "derogatory toward individuals
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Spirit possession in China was prominent until the
Communist takeover in the 1950s and most of the data gathered on this topic will be from the late 18th century. Some Chinese believe that illnesses to man is due to the possession of an evil yin spirit (kuei). These evil spirits become such when the
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Through counterclockwise circle dancing, ring shouters built up spiritual energy that resulted in the communication with ancestral spirits, and led to spirit possession. Enslaved
African Americans performed the counterclockwise circle dance until someone was pulled into the center of the ring by the
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of
Ethiopia, spirit possession is a common belief. William A. Shack postulated that it is caused by Gurage cultural attitudes about food and hunger, while they have a plentiful food supply, cultural pressures that force the Gurage to either share it to meet social obligations, or hoard it and eat it
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to remedy the torment of demonic spirits were rejected as counterfeit since few possessed could be cured by them. In James' view: "It is easy then to understand that the casting out of Devils, is by virtue of fasting and prayer, and in-calling of the name of God, suppose many imperfections be in the
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scriptures, most of the "seizers", or those that threaten the lives of young children, appear in animal form: cow, lion, fox, monkey, horse, dog, pig, cat, crow, pheasant, owl, and snake. Apart from these "nightmare shapes", the impersonation or incarnation of animals can in some circumstances also
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states, "possession-form identities in dissociative identity disorder typically manifest as behaviors that appear as if a 'spirit,' supernatural being, or outside person has taken control such that the individual begins speaking or acting in a distinctly different manner". The symptoms vary across
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The yin-yang theory is one of the most important bases and components of
Chinese traditional culture. The yin-yang theory has penetrated into various traditional Chinese cultural things including calendar, astronomy, meteorology, Chinese medicine, martial arts, calligraphy, architecture, religion,
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Ch'i Chung-fu, a
Chinese gynecologist writing early in the 13th century, wrote that in addition to five sorts of falling frenzy classified according to their causative factors, there were also four types of other frenzies distinguished by the sounds and movements given off by the victim during his
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has determined the spirit's name through the use of divination, he prescribes a routine formula to exorcise the spirit. This is not a permanent cure, it merely allows the victim to form a relationship with the spirit while subject to chronic repossession, which is treated by repeating the formula.
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were also common. They can be reconstructed from both
Medieval Jewish texts and texts from neighboring ancient cultures that practiced exorcisms. Exorcists acting almost like shamans would do rituals to exorcise one of a "demon" or evil spirit. According to Gina Konstantopoulos, a figure named an
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people in
Central Africa. It symbolizes the cyclical nature of life of birth, life, death, and rebirth (reincarnation of the soul). The Kongo cosmogram also symbolizes the rising and setting of the sun, the sun rising in the east and setting in the west that is counterclockwise, which is why ring
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their condition, but men can be possessed as well. Possessed individuals of both sexes can become healers due to their condition. Hamer and Hamer suggest that this is a form of compensation among deprived men in the deeply competitive society of the Sidama, for if a man cannot gain prestige as an
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Nissinen also recorded that music was an essential part to these trance-ceremonies in the Ancient Near-East and so it can be reconstructed it could have been found in Yahwism. Instruments such as the tambourine, harps, lyres, and flutes may have been utilized, as those were common instruments in
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Irene and John Hamer postulated that it is a form of compensation for being deprived within Sidama society, although they do not draw from I.M. Lewis (see Cultural anthropology section under Scientific views). The majority of the possessed are women whose spirits demand luxury goods to alleviate
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possessing spirits are not necessarily harmful or evil, but are rather seeking to rebuke misconduct in the living. Possession by a spirit in the African diaspora and traditional African religions can result in healing for the person possessed and information gained from possession as the spirit
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traditions. Depending on the cultural context in which it is found, possession may be thought of as voluntary or involuntary and may be considered to have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. The experience of spirit possession sometimes serves as evidence in support of belief in the
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which all translate to healer or knowledgeable one from Italian. These healers would perform sacred rituals to be rid of the spirits; the rituals are passed down through generations and vary based on the region in Italy. It is said that for many Italian rituals specifically those to be rid of
3975:. They argued that a combination of poverty and diet cause this problem, and that it is exacerbated by the strains of pregnancy and lactation. They postulated that the involuntary symptoms of these deficiencies affecting their nervous systems have been institutionalized as spirit possession.
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ravenously while other ritual participants participate by chanting. The ritual ends when the possessing spirit announces that it is satisfied. Shack notes that the victims are overwhelmingly poor men, and that women are not as food-deprived as men, due to ritual activities that involve food
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3645:(deities) or helpful spirits temporarily inhabit the bodies of participants. The purpose of sanghyang is believed to be to cleanse people and places of evil influences and restore spiritual balance. Thus, it is often referred to as an exorcism ceremony. In Sulawesi, the women of the
4005:: "F44.3 Trance and possession disorders". In clinical psychiatry, trance and possession disorders are defined as "states involving a temporary loss of the sense of personal identity and full awareness of the surroundings" and generally classed as a type of dissociative disorder.
3786:), flailing wildly and careening about the dance floor. After an hour or more, those possessed will collapse, the singing will end, and the spirit disco will end with a prayer and, if there is time, a Bible reading and sermon. The body is believed to normally be "heavy" (
3039:(male guardian spirit), who possesses both women and males. According to the tradition everyone has a Pomba Gira and a Exu to can call for help and protection even if they don’t possess the person asking for help, and they can be called always the person feels necessary.
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spirit possession. As Africans were enslaved in the United States, the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost) replaced the African gods during possession. "Spirit possession was reinterpreted in Christian terms." In African-American churches this is called being filled with the
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personality is questioned as to its identity, 29 percent are reported to identify themselves as demons. A 19th century term for a mental disorder in which the patient believes that they are possessed by demons or evil spirits is demonomania or cacodemonomanis.
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secretly cause feelings of anxiety. Distinctions are drawn between spirits that strictly possess men, spirits that possess women, and spirits that possess victims of either sex. A ritual illness that only affects men is believed to be caused by a spirit called
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The anthropologist I.M. Lewis noted that women are more likely to be involved in spirit possession cults than men are, and postulated that such cults act as a means of compensation for their exclusion from other spheres within their respective cultures.
2831:, approximately 25% of the adult population, and five times as many women as men, enter trance states in which they are supposedly possessed by certain identifiable spirits who maintain stable and coherent identities from one possession to the next.
2468:, the father of the devils, dwells in the fires of hell, although not suffering wherein, he and his children try to draw people into damnation of hell. Devils don't physically possess people, they only tempt humans into sin by following their lower
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descends upon a practitioner, the practitioner's body is being used by the spirit, according to the tradition. Some spirits are believed to be able to give prophecies of upcoming events or situations pertaining to the possessed one, also called a
1974:" as implying a personal influence which it may not; as a result, even this example is described as "not very certain". In addition, Saul was only described to be tormented, rather than possessed, and he was relieved from these torments by having
1871:. Whilst most Christians believe that demonic possession is an involuntary affliction, some biblical verses have been interpreted as indicating that possession can be voluntary. For example, Alfred Plummer writes that when Devil entered into
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serves to bring the possessed man to the center of social attention, and to relieve his anxieties over his inability to gain prestige from redistributing food, which is the primary way in which Gurage men gain status in their society.
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The Jewish magical papyri and incantation bowls may also shed light on our investigation. However, the fact that all of these sources are generally dated from the third to fifth centuries and beyond requires us to exercise particular
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Regarding an experience as a possession-experience can serve a psychological need and be veridical at the same time. possession-experiences can provide prima facie justification for a set of beliefs regarding spirits and their
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or the "Horse of the Spirit". Practitioners describe this as a beautiful but very tiring experience. Most people who are possessed by the spirit describe the onset as a feeling of blackness or energy flowing through their body.
2001:
Possession, in which Satan or demons take full possession of a person's body without their consent. This possession usually comes as a result of a person's actions; actions that lead to an increased susceptibility to Satan's
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are reluctant to admit diabolical possession in most cases, because many can be explained by physical or mental illness alone. Therefore, medical and psychological examinations are necessary before the performance of major
3838:
In traditional Italian folk magic spirit possessions are not uncommon. It is known in this culture that a person may be possessed by multiple entities at once. The way to be rid of the spirit(s) would be to call for a
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practice a possession-trance ritual in which they smother glowing embers with their bare feet at the climax. The fact that they are not burned in the process is considered proof of the authenticity of the possession.
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spirits. According to tradition, these spirits overwhelmingly possess new brides, are usually identified as the ghosts of young men who died while romantically or sexually frustrated, and are ritually exorcised.
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King James attested that the symptoms derived from demonic possession could be discernible from natural diseases. He rejected the symptoms and signs prescribed by the Catholic church as vain (e.g. rage begotten from
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is in the place of Solomon". He further links the demons to the story alluded in the Quran (38:34) that a demon replaced the prophet Solomon: one must behave like a triumphant 'Solomon' and chain the demons of the
2117:, 16). For an exorcist to be morally certain, or beyond reasonable doubt, that he is dealing with a genuine case of demonic possession, there must be no other reasonable explanation for the phenomena in question".
3153:
1725:, spirit-possession beliefs were found to exist in 74% of a sample of 488 societies in all parts of the world, with the highest numbers of believing societies in Pacific cultures and the lowest incidence among
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was created by African-Americans. There are regional styles to this tradition, and as African-Americans traveled, the tradition of Hoodoo changed according to African-Americans' environment. Hoodoo includes
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leaves are poured onto the medium, as it is believed that the God's energy heats up the body while the water and turmeric with the neem leaves cools it down again. Puja services are often held once a week.
2222:", and avoiding certain areas of townships known to be frequented by witches and Devil worshippers after dark. Afflicted persons were restricted from entering the church, but might share the shelter of the
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saints and fakirs. Bad spirits are believed to include perpetual debtors who die in debt, stillborn infants, deceased widows, and foreign tourists. The supposedly possessed individual is referred to as a
3149:(W. E. B. Du Bois) studied African-American churches in the early twentieth century. Du Bois asserts that the early years of the Black church during slavery on plantations was influenced by Voodooism.
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might seek to possess an individual, such as falling in love with them, taking revenge for hurting them or their relatives, or other undefined reasons. At an intended possession, the covenant with the
3542:. Some of the spirits allegedly possessing Rajasthanis are seen as good and beneficial, while others are seen as malevolent. The good spirits are said to include murdered royalty, the underworld god
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ETUDES AEQUATORIA·6 JEBOLA Textes, rites et signification Thérapie traditionnelle mongo Piet KORSE MONDJULU Lokonga BONGONDO Bonje wa Mpay Centre IEquatoria B. P. 276 Bamanya -Mbandaka-Zaire 1990
2414:), would use such possession to gain hidden knowledge. Inspirations from jinn by poets requires neither possession nor obedience to the jinn. Their relationship is rather described as mutual.
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rebelling against authority without punishment, and suggests that it is a means of protesting the untenable working conditions and sexual harassment that the women were compelled to endure.
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are regarded as having a special calling to divine the future. They are first treated with sympathy, and then with respect as they allegedly develop their abilities to foretell the future.
7415:
Ferracuti, Stefano; Sacco, Roberto; Lazzari, R (1996). "Dissociative Trance Disorder: Clinical and Rorschach Findings in Ten Persons Reporting Demon Possession and Treated by Exorcism".
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from the Old and New Testament of the Bible. It is believed when people become possessed by these spirits they gain knowledge and wisdom and act as intercessors between people and God.
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move into both African and Oceanic areas, a merger of belief can take place, with demons becoming representative of the "old" indigenous religions, which Christian ministers attempt to
2853:, are said to be identified as dead soldiers, and allegedly overwhelmingly possess women. Prior to the war, spirit possession was limited to certain families and was less common.
2417:
The concept of jinn-possession is alien to the Quran and derives from pagan notions. It is widespread among Muslims and also accepted by most Islamic scholars. It is part of the
3142:
3758:). Men and women gather in church buildings, dancing in circles and jumping up and down while women sing Christian songs; this is called "pulling the spirit" (Tok Pisin:
2383:), they are purported to be able to possess the bodies of humans. Such physical intrusion of the jinn is conceptually different from the whisperings of the devils. Since
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4265:
321:
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4040:, including involuntary, uncensored behavior, and an extra-human, extra-social aspect to the individual's actions. It is not uncommon to ascribe the experience of
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was reportedly possessed by the spirit of a male Italian soldier named Lakwena ('messenger'). She ultimately led a failed insurrection against governmental forces.
3555:, or "mount". Possession, even if by a benign spirit, is regarded as undesirable, as it is seen to entail loss of self-control, and violent emotional outbursts.
1997:) and "extraordinary" Satanic/demonic activity, which can take six different forms, ranging from complete control by Satan or demons to voluntary submission:
6237:
8459:
6440:"Invoking the supernatural and the supranational: Tappu, trance and Tamil recordings in Indo-Guyanese 'Madras Religion' and the politics of sonic presence"
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Goodwin, Jean; Hill, Sally; Attias, Reina (1990). "Historical and folk techniques of exorcism: applications to the treatment of dissociative disorders".
3117:
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2128:, but stresses that cases of mental illness should not be misdiagnosed as demonic influence. Catholic exorcisms can occur only under the authority of a
3132:, and conjuring in the African-American tradition. In Hoodoo, people become possessed by the Holy Ghost. Spirit possession in Hoodoo was influenced by
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316:
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to demonic possession, although it's not a physical or mental illness. Studies have found that alleged demonic possessions can be related to trauma.
3129:
2193:
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and related African diaspora religions, one way that those who participate or practice can have a spiritual experience is by being possessed by the
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8213:
Snodgrass, Jeffrey G. (2002). "Imitation Is Far More than the Sincerest of Flattery: The Mimetic Power of Spirit Possession in Rajasthan, India".
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to invoke the deity to the space. Then, the head pujari receives the God or Goddess into their body, acting as a medium. A mixture of water,
3214:. However, these instances may have been limited, with trance instead being a way of confirming divine appointment to a leadership position.
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as, "the devil's attacked them, he's brought this infirmity upon them, he's got them where he wants them". He asserted that the cure for the
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311:
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The Kongo cosmogram inspired the ring shout, a sacred dance in Hoodoo performed to become possessed by the Holy Spirit or ancestral spirits.
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Obsession, the following and outwardly torment of an individual at diverse hours to either weaken or cast diseases upon the body, as in the
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who possesses the dead body of a married woman to live her pre-determined remaining life. She is still serving in the Zhen Tian Temple in
2773:, warrior, or farmer, he may still gain prestige as a spirit healer. Women are sometimes accused of faking possession, but men never are.
2234:. They were fed daily and prayed over by the exorcists and, in case of recovery, after a fast of from 20 to 40 days, were admitted to the
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Lambek, Michael (November 1988). "spirit possession/spirit succession: aspects of social continuity among Malagasy speakers in Mayotte".
7323:(2 October 2007). "Jean Rouch and the Birth of Visual Anthropology: A Brief History of the Comité international du film ethnographique".
7088:"Global mental health and trauma exposure: The current evidence for the relationship between traumatic experiences and spirit possession"
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2904:. This cult was described in an 1869 account by a French missionary. The cult faded by the 1920s and was virtually unknown by the 1960s.
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Hamer, John; Hamer, Irene (1966). "Spirit Possession and Its Socio-Psychological Implications among the Sidamo of Southwest Ethiopia".
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3601:, enter trances during religious festivals in which they are regarded as being possessed by a spirit. Although they speak a dialect of
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Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. 2016
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3874:. The goal of this is usually to direct these spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world, for healing or another purpose.
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Alpers, Edward A. (1984). "'Ordinary Household Chores': Ritual and Power in a 19th-Century Swahili Women's Spirit Possession Cult".
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McIntosh, Janet (March 2004). "Reluctant Muslims: embodied hegemony and moral resistance in a Giriama spirit possession complex".
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and persons of offensive life. After the prayers, if quiet, they might come in to receive the bishop's blessing and listen to the
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2518:, you will set out for the royal pavilion with Solomon" and "You have no command over your self's kingdom , for in your case the
2398:, they can have their own reasons to possess humans and are not necessarily harmful. There are various reasons given as to why a
8772:
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Dein, Simon; Abdool Samad Illaiee (2013). "Jinn and mental health: looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice".
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Yosefi, Maxim (2019). "The origins of the traditional approach towards the jinn of poetic inspiration in tribal Arab culture".
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Szombathy, Zoltan (2014). "Exorcism". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
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Chodkiewicz, M. (2012). "Rūḥāniyya". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
2211:, the Christian church had offered suggestions on safeguarding one's home. Suggestions ranged from dousing a household with
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3792:) with sin, and possession is the process of the Holy Spirit throwing the sins from one's body, making the person "light" (
1951:, are able to "demonically possess" individuals without the victim's knowledge or consent, leaving them morally blameless.
592:
326:
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Broch, Harald Beyer (1985). "'Crazy Women are Performing in Sombali': A Possession-Trance Ritual on Bonerate, Indonesia".
3852:). If the family is religious they may even call in a priest to perform a traditional catholic exorcism on the spirit(s).
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There are indications that trance-related practices might have played a role in the prophetic experiences of adherents of
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Shack, William A. (1971). "Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia".
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Al-Krenawi, A.; Graham, J.R. (1997). "Spirit Possession and Exorcism in the Treatment of a Bedouin Psychiatric Patient".
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Shamanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner who is believed to interact with a spirit world through
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2936:. The majority of the supposedly possessed are married women. The condition of spirit possession among them is called
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indicates that people can be possessed by demons, but that the demons respond and submit to Jesus Christ's authority:
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Although opposed by some Muslim scholars, sleeping near a graveyard or a tomb is believed to enable contact with the
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1622:
7768:
Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Moroccan Magical Beliefs and Practices
4064:
Some have expressed concern that belief in demonic possession can limit access to health care for the mentally ill.
3633:, induction of voluntary possession trance states for specific purposes. Roughly similar to voluntary possession in
2567:
and well documented in the period following the destruction of the Temple into the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries C.E.
8983:
2685:
17:
6413:
Woodward, Mark. Java, Indonesia and Islam. Deutschland, Springer Netherlands, 2010. p. 88
2443:
it is debated, as some accept it, but it has been challenged since the early years by Maturidite scholars such as
9340:
7305:. New Delhi: International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House. p. 83.
3798:) again. This is a completely new ritual for the Urapmin, who have no indigenous tradition of spirit-possession.
1923:
1745:
676:
351:
6529:
2451:
are associated with substituting jinn-possession by devilish-whisperings, denying bodily possession altogether.
2367:(a vengeful ghost) are said to grant the possessed some supernatural powers, but it drives them insane as well.
4915:
Islam, F.; Campbell, R.A. (2014). "Satan Has Afflicted Me!" Jinn-Possession and Mental Illness in the Qur'an".
4048:
4037:
3895:
3867:
3811:
3218:
Ancient Israel. Along with music, incense may have also been used, either as an offering, or to be used as an
2253:
1653:
1053:
8617:
7846:
Nabokov, Isabelle (1997). "Expel the Lover, Recover the Wife: Symbolic Analysis of a South Indian Exorcism".
6154:
5094:
Shalinsky, Audrey C. (1986). "Reason, Desire, and Sexuality: The Meaning of Gender in Northern Afghanistan".
4324:
Santiago, Christopher (Autumn 2021). Costa, Luiz; Ferme, Marianne; Kaur, Raminder; Kipnis, Andrew B. (eds.).
2027:
was tormented by Satan through a series of misfortunes in business, material possessions, family, and health.
1281:
826:
8121:
1993:
Catholic exorcists differentiate between "ordinary" Satanic/demonic activity or influence (mundane everyday
9249:
8973:
8511:
5835:
Religion and American Cultures an Encyclopedia of Traditions, Diversity, and Popular Expressions · Volume 1
3210:, may contain evidence that trance-related practices may have been the origins of the Jewish traditions of
2810:
no fault of their own. Other men suspect women of actively colluding with spirits in order to be possessed.
1766:
761:
8429:
6035:
3249:
2087:
1656:
and associated behaviors which are purportedly caused by the control of a human body and its functions by
9320:
8551:
7167:
5720:"Magic and Empowerment on the Plantation: An Archaeological Consideration of African-American World View"
4709:
4443:
4339:
4088:
3598:
3473:
3073:
2743:, butter, and red pepper. During this ritual, the victim's head is covered with a drape, and he eats the
2272:
2242:
forbade its clergy from performing exorcisms because of numerous fraudulent cases of demonic possession.
1829:
264:
144:
2387:
are not necessarily evil, they are distinguished from cultural concepts of possession by devils/demons.
9310:
9199:
9159:
9049:
7990:"Between the sensible and the intelligible: Anthropology and the cinema of Marcel Mauss and Jean Rouch"
7706:
7621:
7281:
3138:
2972:
2688:. It is believed to have therapeutic qualities and has been noted in the West as a traditional form of
2105:
9124:
7496:
Islam and rationality : the impact of al-Ghazālī : papers collected on his 900th anniversary
4008:
People alleged to be possessed by spirits sometimes exhibit symptoms similar to those associated with
2172:
Possession, the entrance inwardly into an individual to beget uncontrollable fits, induce blasphemies,
8993:
8777:
8752:
4166:
3421:
3093:
2514:, pay a lot of attention to how to bind the inner demons. Attar of Nishapur writes: "If you bind the
2100:
1502:
1359:
7542:
Hayes, Kelly E. (2008). "Wicked Women and Femmes Fatales: Gender, Power, and Pomba Gira in Brazil".
7917:
O'Connell, M. C. (1982). "Spirit Possession and Role Stress among the Xesibe of Eastern Transkei".
6001:
5859:
3602:
2634:
is a disembodied spirit that wanders restlessly until it inhabits the body of a living person. The
2615:
2352:
culture, are often held to be responsible for spirit possession. Spirit possession appears in both
2303:
2129:
1776:
1742:
1251:
1103:
716:
613:
585:
234:
8195:"UK Baptist group warns against occultism amid rise in grief-stricken seeking to contact the dead"
6067:
5920:
5590:
5537:
9259:
9019:
8592:
8468:
5803:
3594:
1928:
1434:
1384:
1165:
998:
786:
474:
416:
154:
6805:
6799:
5071:[The prophet Solomon in classical Persian poetry: Semantics and structuring of images].
5018:
Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal: A History of Transcultural Psychiatry
4549:
3683:
factories have allegedly become possessed by spirits, and factory owners generally regard it as
3657:
Influenced by the religion of Islam, among the several spirits in Indonesian belief are demons (
9335:
9189:
8998:
8837:
8802:
8682:
8637:
8501:
7081:. The Ohio State University Research Foundation with National Institute of Mental Health grant.
4736:"Pastor resigns from Stoutland School Board amidst backlash from autism comments during sermon"
4154:
4025:
3984:
3387:
3375:
2298:
Christianity, exorcisms of demons are often carried out by individuals or groups belong to the
2257:
1868:
1379:
1211:
1206:
801:
499:
441:
269:
139:
104:
7897:
7876:
7171:
6439:
3772:). The songs' melodies are borrowed from traditional women's songs sung at drum dances (Urap:
3336:
of the sensuous realm, who tried to prevent Gautama Buddha from attaining liberation from the
3152:
1958:
says that there is only one apparent case of demonic possession in the Old Testament, of King
1068:
9149:
9054:
8832:
8827:
8742:
8712:
8662:
8536:
8496:
8352:
8086:
6987:
5830:
5364:
5311:
5206:
5191:
4555:
4172:
3848:
negative spirits, that the information may only be shared on Christmas Eve (specifically for
3779:
3432:
3048:
2568:
2197:
person that is the instrument, as CHRIST himself teaches us (Mat. 7) of the power that false
2121:
2024:
1612:
1394:
1231:
1123:
1118:
1073:
1043:
479:
411:
391:
209:
194:
31:
8917:
8082:
7444:
Gomm, Roger (1975). "Bargaining from Weakness: Spirit Possession on the South Kenya Coast".
7159:
6170:"Mashbiaʿ Ani ʿAlekha: Types and Patterns of Ancient Jewish and Christian Exorcism Formulae"
4666:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2175:
Faerie, being the influence those who voluntarily submit to consort, prophesy, or servitude.
2019:, in which there is no loss of consciousness or involuntary action, such as in the biblical
9164:
9064:
8897:
8882:
8697:
8037:(1998). "Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Desire among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea".
7408:"Multiple Personality Disorder - Demons and Angels or Archetypal aspects of the inner self"
5617:
4112:
4106:
3747:
3378:, and other East Asian religions feature the idea of spirit possession. Some sects feature
3357:
3191:, Yahwist prophets may have received messages from the different gods and goddesses in the
2846:
2622:, a soul inhabiting a victim until it had accomplished its task or atoned for its sin. The
2564:
2299:
2291:
1541:
1266:
1151:
1113:
711:
661:
494:
489:
436:
174:
7301:
Dart, Jon Anderson (1990). Dharmadasa, Karuna N.O.; De Alwis Samarasinghe, S.W.R. (eds.).
6068:"'Prophecy and Ecstasy', Ancient Prophecy: Near Eastern, Biblical, and Greek Perspectives"
5282:
5232:
4481:
3199:, a similar theology to that of Yahwism, where the standard prophetic designations in the
1963:
8:
9239:
9029:
9024:
8963:
8767:
8762:
8486:
8472:
7212:
4498:
4259:
3988:
3687:
and an intrusion of irrational and archaic beliefs into a modern setting. Anthropologist
3211:
2363:
of the dead, who visit the sleeper in dreams and provide hidden knowledge. Possession by
2151:
2059:
2053:
2005:
Obsession, which typically influences dreams. It includes sudden attacks of irrationally
1936:
1608:
1448:
1226:
1158:
1048:
578:
544:
386:
47:
3279:, the embodiment of temptation, and overcame it. In traditional Buddhism, four forms of
9279:
9114:
8907:
8857:
8822:
8667:
8541:
8331:
8323:
8230:
8198:
8181:
8054:
7967:
7934:
7863:
7813:
7754:
7680:"Women's Preponderance in Possession Cults: The Calcium-Deficiency Hypothesis Extended"
7666:
7559:
7530:
7461:
7375:
7340:
7208:
7146:
7112:
7087:
7056:
6961:
6932:
6903:
6895:
6587:
6189:
6117:
5975:
5967:
5777:
5731:
5111:
4897:
4148:
4100:
3964:
3932:
3916:
3751:
3725:
3706:
3605:, during trances they will sometimes use a mixed language that contains words from the
3295:
3196:
3192:
3133:
2653:
are also engaged with by some Jews. Notably, Ethiopian Jewish women may participate in
2626:
appears in Jewish folklore and literature, as well as in chronicles of Jewish life. In
2618:
seeking perfection. His disciples took his idea a step further, creating the idea of a
2277:
2264:
1798:
1414:
1305:
1063:
838:
701:
254:
204:
7595:"Gamba spirits, gender relations, and healing in post-civil war Gorongosa, Mozambique"
2684:
is a women's spirit possession dance ritual practised by certain ethnic groups of the
2146:
The infliction of demonic torment upon an individual has been chronicled in premodern
9330:
9325:
9284:
9214:
9184:
9074:
8927:
8847:
8817:
8727:
8722:
8652:
8607:
8531:
8491:
8410:
8391:
8335:
8292:
8264:
8150:
8106:
8020:
7948:"the production of possession: spirits and the multinational corporation in Malaysia"
7903:
7882:
7838:
7790:
7771:
7658:
7627:
7611:
7594:
7563:
7499:
7432:
7392:
7344:
7306:
7266:
7262:
7239:
7220:
7194:
7175:
7160:
7117:
7048:
7011:
6936:
6907:
6809:
6591:
6579:
6559:
6535:
5979:
5948:"Reflections on the Scholarship of African Origins and Influence in American Slavery"
5926:
5899:
5838:
5809:
5623:
5596:
5543:
5380:
5370:
5331:
5257:
4932:
4378:
4353:
4276:
4239:
4209:
3479:
3200:
2580:
2550:
2511:
2276:
with certain disabilities." Their public outcry led to Morrow's resignation from the
2239:
2010:
2006:
1940:
1300:
1172:
1033:
952:
870:
549:
79:
69:
8288:
8006:
7989:
7971:
7670:
7379:
7060:
6878:
Allen, Tim (1991). "Understanding Alice: Uganda's Holy Spirit Movement in context".
6465:
3525:
1879::27, this was because Judas had continually agreed to Satan's suggestions to betray
1689:
1676:. The concept of spirit possession exists in many cultures and religions, including
1023:
9229:
9179:
9084:
8968:
8862:
8692:
8315:
8284:
8260:
8222:
8173:
8078:
8046:
8001:
7959:
7926:
7855:
7834:
7746:
7725:
7691:
7650:
7606:
7551:
7522:
7482:
7453:
7424:
7365:
7354:"Jinn and mental health: Looking at jinn possession in modern psychiatric practice"
7332:
7258:
7142:
7138:
7107:
7099:
7038:
7007:
6995:
6953:
6924:
6887:
6571:
6447:
6181:
6109:
5959:
5769:
5323:
5185:
5107:
5103:
4986:
4924:
4343:
4160:
4142:
4130:
3948:
3763:
3469:
3367:
3146:
3053:
2353:
1566:
1325:
1310:
1261:
1093:
484:
381:
371:
7963:
7729:
7696:
7679:
7027:"Dissociative trance and spirit possession: Challenges for cultures in transition"
6977:. Translated by MacKenzie, Nicoletta V. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 33.
5069:"Prophet Sulaimān v klassische persische Poesie: Semantik und struktur des Bildes"
2478:
suggest that the devils whisper from within the human body, within or next to the
1840::27, were possessed by demons. Another possible case of demonic possession in the
1657:
9289:
9219:
9154:
9119:
9104:
8912:
8872:
8812:
8787:
8647:
7626:. Vol. 13 (2 ed.). Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 8687.
6722:
4510:
4377:. Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. pp. 118, 127.
4372:
4200:
4178:
4082:
4041:
3646:
3503:
3333:
3188:
3162:
3105:
3061:
3021:
2627:
2502:
2483:
2268:
2079:
1967:
1590:
1561:
1551:
1374:
1195:
1058:
1013:
968:
958:
756:
746:
671:
426:
229:
164:
99:
8627:
8356:
8090:
6286:
3951:
and Dody H. Giletti argued that the reason that women are more commonly seen in
3898:. The high priestess solicits the Goddess to possess her and speak through her.
134:
9264:
9254:
9204:
9169:
9144:
9109:
9099:
9089:
9069:
8887:
8657:
8612:
8582:
7428:
6451:
6185:
5564:
5454:
5360:
5327:
4271:
4224:
4009:
3924:
3920:
3743:
3606:
3483:
3391:
3272:
3097:
3065:
2925:
2814:
2765:
2588:
2295:
2162:
Spectra, being the haunting and troubling of certain houses or solitary places.
2125:
1872:
1738:
1709:
1571:
1546:
1419:
978:
973:
514:
509:
446:
404:
249:
244:
109:
8103:
Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society
7654:
7336:
6928:
6705:
6703:
6575:
5805:
W. E. B. Du Bois and the Sociology of the Black Church and Religion, 1897–1914
4928:
2302:
movement. According to these groups, symptoms of such possessions can include
1038:
9304:
9224:
9174:
9139:
9134:
9079:
9039:
8892:
8852:
8842:
8797:
8677:
8632:
8622:
8597:
8556:
8506:
8437:
8226:
8147:
Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings
7370:
7353:
7320:
6606:
5335:
4990:
4710:"Baptist pastor falsely claims autism is demonic: "My God doesn't make junk""
4672:
4667:
4357:
4254:
4124:
4033:
3861:
3684:
3407:
3081:
3028:
3024:
2985:
2959:
2882:
2757:
2717:
2689:
2596:
2307:
2208:
2147:
1985:
1887:
1864:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1770:
1685:
1424:
1241:
1199:
1108:
1098:
1083:
1078:
1028:
922:
539:
451:
294:
239:
219:
169:
119:
7947:
6113:
5384:
4548:
3195:
through a state of trance possession. This theory can be reconstructed from
2154:
discussed four methods of daemonic influence upon an individual in his book
9269:
9094:
9059:
9044:
9034:
8942:
8902:
8877:
8807:
8792:
8707:
8672:
8642:
8602:
8577:
8526:
8098:
8066:
8034:
7662:
7121:
7052:
6999:
6700:
6583:
6444:
Civilisations. Revue Internationale d'Anthropologie et de Sciences Humaines
4936:
4326:"Twilight states: Comparing case studies of hysteria and spirit possession"
4214:
3952:
3590:
3571:
3276:
3263:
3207:
3166:
3085:
2955:
2933:
2914:
2696:
2603:
2560:
2448:
2432:
2223:
2155:
2041:
1944:
1837:
1802:
1782:
1681:
1409:
1342:
1088:
1018:
781:
776:
686:
564:
554:
534:
529:
469:
346:
279:
214:
94:
8069:(2004a). "The globalization of pentecostal and charismatic Christianity".
7787:
Hostage to the Devil: the possession and exorcism of five living Americans
7436:
7103:
6324:
6002:"Hoodoo Religion and American Dance Traditions: Rethinking the Ring Shout"
5963:
5860:"Hoodoo Religion and American Dance Traditions: Rethinking the Ring Shout"
5758:"Spirit Guides and Possession in the New Orleans Black Spiritual Churches"
5312:"Stambali: Dissociative Possession and Trance in a Tunisian Healing Dance"
3267:, sometimes translated as "demon", can either be a being suffering in the
2132:
and in accordance with strict rules; a simple exorcism also occurs during
1527:
9244:
9234:
9209:
8937:
8932:
8747:
8702:
8687:
8587:
7641:
Karanci, A. Nuray (2014). "Concerns About Schizophrenia or Possession?".
7219:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 530–531, 550, 829.
6782:
6780:
6741:
6623:
otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.
4827:
Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management
4136:
3828:
3807:
2794:
2607:
2493:) are sometimes thought of as a kind of possession. Unlike possession by
2440:
2376:
2319:
2311:
2205:
2166:
2124:
doctrine affirms that demonic possession can occur as distinguished from
2045:
2020:
1522:
1468:
1399:
1354:
1003:
917:
900:
796:
766:
726:
559:
284:
6193:
6169:
5971:
5947:
5735:
5719:
4901:
3627:
In Bali, the animist traditions of the island include a practice called
2238:, and their names and cures entered in the church records. In 1603, the
9274:
9129:
8867:
8782:
8732:
8516:
8327:
8185:
8058:
7938:
7867:
7758:
7534:
7465:
6899:
6121:
6097:
4685:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 398.
4244:
4229:
4219:
3994:
3960:
3912:
3383:
3101:
3032:
2868:
2842:
2787:
2436:
2315:
2216:
2212:
2181:
2065:
2016:
1857:
1833:
1814:
1721:
existence of spirits, deities or demons. In a 1969 study funded by the
1512:
1008:
912:
741:
736:
721:
706:
696:
691:
666:
656:
519:
339:
274:
179:
129:
84:
55:
35:
8234:
7817:
7150:
7043:
7026:
6965:
6777:
5781:
5757:
5366:
Bodies and persons: comparative perspectives from Africa and Melanesia
5115:
2531:
2044:, true demonic or Satanic possession has been characterized since the
1246:
8922:
8737:
8717:
7593:
Igreja, Victor; Dias-Lambranca, Béatrice; Richters, Annemiek (2008).
7486:
7288:. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference USA: Gale eBooks. pp. 243–245
7191:
Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, Conflict, and Creativity
4057:
4017:
4013:
3972:
3688:
3629:
3566:
3543:
3539:
3379:
3238:
3225:
3219:
3113:
2756:
The belief in spirit possession is part of the native culture of the
2635:
2611:
2235:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2036:
Subjection, in which a person voluntarily submits to Satan or demons.
1895:
1818:
1585:
1487:
1473:
1404:
1369:
1349:
1330:
1315:
860:
771:
681:
641:
289:
114:
74:
27:
Purported control of a human body by spirits, ghosts, demons, or gods
8521:
8319:
8177:
8050:
7930:
7859:
7750:
7526:
7457:
6891:
6729:
5369:. Cambridge, U.K. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
3716:
Ceremonies called Pujas often include the drumming of three to five
885:
7555:
7407:
6957:
5773:
4348:
4325:
4194:
4029:
3956:
3721:
3680:
3665:
3650:
3323:
3258:
3125:
3057:
2929:
2897:
2886:
2761:
2737:
This formula involves the preparation and consumption of a dish of
2728:
If the victim does not recover naturally, a traditional healer, or
2700:
2650:
2643:
2428:
2189:
2185:
2110:
1825:
1810:
1749:
1693:
1677:
1556:
1507:
1497:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1441:
1364:
1295:
1288:
1276:
895:
855:
850:
524:
431:
356:
159:
149:
6804:. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. pp.
3524:, the exorcism of possessing spirits, is traditionally one of the
3170:
shouters dance in a circle counterclockwise to invoke the spirit.
2529:
or lower self, locking the demon-prince into a 'rock', before the
2033:
Infestation, which affects houses, objects/things, or animals; and
8343:
Tennant, Agnieszka (3 September 2001). "In need of deliverance".
5146:
Attar and the Persian Sufi Tradition: The Art of Spiritual Flight
3968:
3923:
have been extensively cited in research studies on possession in
3891:
3750:
practice a form of group possession known as the "spirit disco" (
3659:
3538:
The concept of spirit possession exists in the culture of modern
3337:
3184:
3069:
3017:
2828:
2576:
2572:
2497:, the whispering of devils affects the soul instead of the body.
2460:
2338:
2227:
2198:
2133:
1876:
1701:
1597:
1578:
1534:
1429:
1320:
646:
504:
299:
224:
184:
8409:. Routledge Revivals. Vol. 1. Routledge. pp. 263–264.
7737:
Lewis, I. M. (1966). "Spirit Possession and Deprivation Cults".
7303:
The Vanishing aborigines : Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition
6676:
5615:
5588:
3782:. If successful, some dancers will "get the spirit" (Tok Pisin:
3431:
China is a country where 73.56% of the population is defined as
1860:. They were described as being empowered by a deceiving spirit.
1797:, Satan is believed to engage in "spiritual attacks", including
8561:
7899:
The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
7189:
Bulkeley, Kelly; Adams, Kate; Davis, Patricia M., eds. (2009).
7086:
Braitmayer, Lars; Hecker, Tobias; Van Duijl, Marjolein (2015).
6534:. Manchester University Press. January 2020. pp. 151–173.
6305:
5184:
4976:
4833:
4002:
3928:
3871:
3710:
3634:
3547:
3489:
3453:
3403:
3371:
3363:
3268:
2921:
2893:
2864:
2770:
2739:
2681:
2554:
2546:
2475:
2424:
2231:
2219:
1979:
1806:
1794:
1713:
1517:
1271:
1256:
1236:
890:
751:
731:
651:
421:
189:
89:
8306:
Tanner, R.E.S. (1955). "Hysteria in Sukuma Medical Practice".
6765:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6475:
5531:
5529:
5502:
5176:
4857:
4789:
3993:
Spirit possession of any kind, including demonic, is just one
2657:, and Tuisinian Jewish women have a practice called Stambali.
2654:
7025:
Bhavsar, Vishal; Ventriglio, Antonio; Dinesh, Bhugra (2016).
6688:
6652:
5148:. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 156.
4052:
4021:
3998:
3887:
3717:
3642:
3309:
3109:
3089:
2798:
2465:
2419:
2360:
2349:
2344:
2091:
1975:
1948:
1932:
1880:
1790:
1786:
1705:
1697:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1492:
1480:
1216:
875:
865:
791:
199:
7592:
7193:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. p. 148.
6604:
6205:
6203:
5619:
Sacred Possessions Vodou, Santería, Obeah, and the Caribbean
5592:
Sacred Possessions Vodou, Santería, Obeah, and the Caribbean
5460:
2113:. The standard that must be met is that of moral certitude (
1908:
It also indicates that demons can possess animals as in the
8017:
Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice
7983:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 9, 256–319.
6998:(1995). "Dissociative States: Possession and Exorcism". In
6640:
6500:
6498:
6472:
6371:
6359:
5526:
4777:
2525:
2507:
2479:
2470:
2371:
2332:
1959:
1849:
1221:
880:
361:
7162:
The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft
4407:
4395:
2748:
redistribution and consumption. Shack postulates that the
2263:
In September 2023, Pastor Rick Morrow of Beulah Church in
8375:
Jesus and the impurity of spirits in the Synoptic Gospels
7586:
Spirit Possession in Chuuk: Socio-Cultural Interpretation
7085:
6786:
6753:
6664:
6395:
6220:
6218:
6200:
5490:
5478:
5442:
5396:
5394:
4997:
4266:
The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner
3390:
are said to imbue or foster spirits within objects, like
3036:
2990:
1335:
7804:
Meldon, J.A. (1908). "Notes on the Sudanese in Uganda".
6495:
6421:
6419:
6338:
6267:
6098:""Possession Trance and Prophecy in Pre-Exilic Israel.""
5466:
4640:
2252:
In May 2021, the Baptist Deliverance Study Group of the
7024:
6946:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
6822:
6709:
5143:
4943:
4914:
4801:
4628:
4563:
4530:
4528:
4419:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
3402:, 1993) shows the true famous story of a young lady in
2892:
A now-extinct spirit possession cult existed among the
2845:, a new belief in spirit possession appeared after the
2192:
rites to be troublesome and ineffective to recite. The
1785:, adherents have held that possession derives from the
8308:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
7037:(12). Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences: 551–559.
6215:
5656:"Uncovering the Power of Hoodoo: An Ancestral Journey"
5406:
5391:
5036:
4606:
4604:
3955:
spirit possession cults is because of deficiencies in
3348:
will depart to a different realm once it is appeased.
3242:
be highly beneficial, according to Michel Strickmann.
7414:
6801:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
6747:
6416:
6353:"Spirit-Writing and the Development of Chinese Cults"
5925:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 8, 138, 142.
5636:
5514:
5048:
4964:
Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology
4689:
4462:
3386:
who allegedly channel beings' supernatural power; or
2801:
refer to the spirits that supposedly possess them as
2699:
but is also practised among various ethnic groups in
8368:. Gale eBooks: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 187.
7678:
Kehoe, Alice B.; Giletti, Dody H. (September 1981).
6846:
5430:
5164:
5093:
5024:
4616:
4525:
4289:
4190:
3778:), and the lyrics are typically in Telefol or other
3574:
women in India are said to experience possession by
2962:, in which belief in spirit possession is prevalent.
2322:
already occupies the body and a demon cannot enter.
7389:
The Living and the Dead in Islam: Epitaphs as texts
6715:
6383:
6255:
5895:
The Black Church in the African American Experience
4869:
4845:
4765:
4601:
2676:
2595:, Jewish methods of exorcism were described in the
2215:, placing wax and herbs on thresholds to "ward off
1805:powers to harm them physically or psychologically.
7848:The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
7188:
6510:
4863:
4575:
3452:Another type of spirit possession works through a
3016:The concept of spirit possession is also found in
2375:are much more physical than spirits. Due to their
8242:Strickmann, Michel (2002). Faure, Bernard (ed.).
7573:Exorcism and Possession in Psychotherapy Practice
7472:
6834:
6735:
6531:Witchcraft, healing and vernacular magic in Italy
4829:. Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.
4753:
2267:gave a sermon in which he presented the cause of
2072:, distant or hidden, that the victim cannot know.
2048:, by the following four typical characteristics:
2030:External physical pain caused by Satan or demons.
9302:
7881:. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. p. 206.
6914:
5418:
4839:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4522:Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 330.
4072:
2920:A belief in spirit possession appears among the
8390:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
8105:. University of California Press. p. 284.
7238:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
7076:
6238:"Tibetan Buddhist Psychology and Psychotherapy"
4401:
3237:According to the Indian medical literature and
2966:
2535:(soul) can make the first steps to the Divine.
8467:
8388:The Annotated Daemonologie: A Critical Edition
8246:. Stanford University Press. pp. 65, 251.
7827:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
7599:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
6605:Mircea Eliade; Vilmos Diószegi (12 May 2020).
6468:. Shri Maha Kali Ammaa Mandir. 28 August 2021.
5999:
5857:
5133:. US: Princeton University Press. p. 158.
5128:
4890:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
3593:, a social group within the minority group of
2976:provides knowledge to the one they possessed.
2817:of coastal Kenya believe in spirit possession.
1793:) and demons. In the battle between Satan and
8979:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
8453:
7916:
7789:. San Francisco: Harpercollins. p. 462.
7079:Cross-Cultural Study of Dissociational States
5508:
4887:
4813:
3793:
3787:
3773:
3767:
3695:
1966:16:14), but this depends on interpreting the
1630:
626:Two ancient anthropomorphic figures from Peru
586:
7708:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practice
7677:
7386:
7207:
7031:Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology
6682:
6273:
6155:"Demons and exorcism in ancient Mesopotamia"
5922:The Gullah People and Their African Heritage
5622:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 19–22.
5542:. University of Georgia Press. p. 138.
5539:The Gullah People and Their African Heritage
5461:Igreja, Dias-Lambranca & Richters (2008)
5066:
4783:
3806:The concept of spirit possession appears in
3246:seizure: cow, horse, pig, and dog frenzies.
2423:(theological doctrines) in the tradition of
8404:
8126:Ministry: International Journal for Pastors
7978:
7498:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 103.
7252:
6311:
6152:
6061:
6059:
6057:
5616:Fernandez Olmos; Paravisini-Gebert (1997).
5589:Fernandez Olmos; Paravisini-Gebert (1997).
5309:
5015:
4807:
4795:
3340:on the night of the Buddha's enlightenment.
1821:are generally used to drive the demon out.
8460:
8446:
8250:
8241:
7512:
7405:
6994:
6828:
6771:
6759:
6224:
6209:
5412:
5310:Somer, Eli; Saadon, Meir (December 2000).
5182:
4966:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 164.
4546:
4370:
4235:Jamaican Maroon spirit-possession language
3978:
3877:
3700:
3326:for the entirety of conditioned existence.
1637:
1623:
593:
579:
8989:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
8423:
8278:
8212:
8192:
8119:
8005:
7878:The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Witchcraft
7695:
7610:
7570:
7391:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 144.
7369:
7319:
7111:
7077:Bourguignon, Erika; Ucko, Lenora (1969).
7042:
6984:The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist
6787:Braitmayer, Hecker & Van Duijl (2015)
6694:
6658:
6365:
6040:African American Heritage and Ethnography
5918:
5535:
5054:
4695:
4569:
4425:
4347:
3124:, incorporating animal parts, pouring of
2583:used in Jewish magical practices against
2563:, magic was widely practiced in the late
2062:or languages that the victim cannot know.
1939:, spiritual beings with intelligence and
8097:
8065:
7824:
6504:
6438:George, Stephanie Lou (12 August 2018).
6054:
5436:
5131:On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature
4824:
4671:
4486:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
4413:
4323:
3942:
3906:
3894:, connected with the sacred ceremony of
3271:or a delusion. Before Siddhartha became
3248:
3151:
1984:
1145:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
8342:
8083:10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421
8033:
8014:
7994:Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology
7987:
7874:
7845:
7784:
7711:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: Gale.
7704:
7640:
7493:
7157:
6852:
6710:Bhavsar, Ventriglio & Dinesh (2016)
6646:
6489:
6377:
6261:
6136:"The Sounds of Music in Ancient Israel"
5952:The Journal of African American History
5945:
5898:. Duke University Press. pp. 5–8.
5891:
5801:
5042:
4851:
4771:
4733:
4646:
4610:
4597:. Detroit, MI: Gale. 2009. p. 359.
4468:
4317:
3997:or medical diagnosis recognized by the
3890:believe in voluntary possession by the
1813:upon the man or woman's house or body,
14:
9303:
8385:
8372:
8363:
8305:
7902:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 129–.
7803:
7765:
7715:
7588:. Vol. 11. Micronesian Counselor.
7387:Diem, Werner; Schöller, Marco (2004).
7233:
7092:European Journal of Psychotraumatology
6981:
6972:
6943:
6553:
6551:
6437:
6167:
6095:
5755:
5717:
5520:
5496:
5484:
5448:
5359:
5170:
5003:
4961:
4875:
4734:Hoffman, Michael (13 September 2023).
4634:
4622:
4581:
4534:
3855:
3817:
3641:is considered a sacred state in which
2379:, which are composed of fire and air (
1755:
9004:International Spiritualist Federation
8441:
8163:
8144:
7736:
7619:
7583:
7541:
7279:
7128:
7067:
6877:
6868:
6748:Ferracuti, Sacco & Lazzari (1996)
6670:
6634:
6560:"The cultural evolution of shamanism"
6557:
6516:
6401:
6096:Parker, Simon B. (4 September 1978).
6091:
6089:
5828:
5699:from the original on 7 September 2016
5642:
5472:
5400:
5305:
5303:
5158:
5030:
4759:
4302:
3833:
3732:
2940:. Those who develop the condition of
2664:
1962:being tormented by an "evil spirit" (
1801:, against human beings by the use of
377:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
8253:"Demons and the Demonic in Buddhism"
7895:
7806:Journal of the Royal African Society
7443:
7351:
7300:
6840:
6389:
6168:Leicht, Reimund (4 September 2023).
6065:
6033:
5831:"African-Derived American Religions"
5424:
5195:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
5067:Vladimirovna, Moiseeva Anna (2020).
4949:
4595:New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement
4559:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4438:
4436:
4434:
3298:, such as greed, hate, and delusion.
3253:Buddha, resisting the demons of Mara
2330:Various types of creatures, such as
834:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
8959:List of Spiritualist organizations
7981:World Religions: Eastern Traditions
7945:
6548:
6431:
6425:
4727:
4331:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
4308:
4067:
3901:
3206:Further according to Nissinen, the
3173:
2487:
1869:Jesus drove out demons from persons
1867:mentions several episodes in which
1723:National Institute of Mental Health
24:
8193:Showalter, Brandon (26 May 2021).
7988:Queiroz, Ruben Caixeta de (2012).
7577:The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
7004:The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal
6086:
6009:The Journal of Pan African Studies
5867:The Journal of Pan African Studies
5562:
5300:
5199:
5144:Lewisohn, L.; Shackle, C. (2006).
4864:Bulkeley, Adams & Davis (2009)
4701:
4374:The Epistemology of Spirit Beliefs
4371:Van Eyghen, Hans (14 April 2023).
4095:Mademoiselle Elizabeth de Ranfaing
3459:
2908:
964:Archaeology of religion and ritual
367:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
9352:
7417:Journal of Personality Assessment
6736:Goodwin, Hill & Attias (1990)
6242:Tibetan Medicine Education center
5680:
5183:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4707:
4547:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4431:
4250:Sexuality in Christian demonology
4119:The Possession of Elizabeth Knapp
3822:
3615:
3382:who supposedly become possessed;
2706:
2669:
2482:, and so "devilish whisperings" (
1989:Exorcism of the Gerasene Demonaic
1910:exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac
1883:and had wholly submitted to him.
8251:Sutherland, Gail Hinich (2013).
8120:Rodríguez, Ángel Manuel (1998).
7839:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00181.x
7612:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2008.00506.x
7263:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6323
7217:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
6792:
6598:
6522:
6458:
6407:
6345:
6331:
6317:
6000:Hazzard-Donald, Katrina (2011).
5858:Hazzard-Donald, Katrina (2011).
5808:. Lexington Books. p. 153.
5762:The Journal of American Folklore
4659:
4193:
3376:Japanese new religious movements
3147:William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
2979:
2686:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2677:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1852:relied upon before re-capturing
620:
8366:Contemporary American Religions
8289:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26268
8145:Sells, Michael Anthony (1996).
8007:10.1590/S1809-43412012000200007
7070:Ancient Jewish magic: a history
6861:
6279:
6230:
6161:
6146:
6128:
6108:(3). Simon B. Parker: 271–285.
6027:
5993:
5939:
5912:
5885:
5851:
5822:
5795:
5749:
5711:
5683:"Gullah Customs and Traditions"
5674:
5648:
5609:
5582:
5556:
5353:
5342:
5275:
5250:
5225:
5137:
5122:
5087:
5060:
5009:
4970:
4955:
4908:
4881:
4652:
4587:
4540:
4516:
4503:
4492:
4474:
3868:altered states of consciousness
3707:Indo-Caribbean Madrasi Religion
1924:Exorcism in the Catholic Church
1760:
677:Evolutionary origin of religion
352:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
8265:10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0171
8149:. Paulist Press. p. 143.
7643:Journal of Religion and Health
7286:Contemporary American Religion
7143:10.1525/eth.1985.13.3.02a00040
6180:(4). Reimund Leicht: 319–343.
5287:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
5108:10.1525/eth.1986.14.4.02a00010
4840:Al-Krenawi & Graham (1997)
4364:
4049:dissociative identity disorder
4038:dissociative identity disorder
3812:Federated States of Micronesia
3438:
3054:reverence to ancestral spirits
2948:
2776:
2406:must be renewed. Soothsayers (
2356:and wider cultural tradition.
2285:
2254:Baptist Union of Great Britain
1917:
1654:altered state of consciousness
832:Treatise on the Apparitions of
13:
1:
8984:Spiritualists' National Union
8071:Annual Review of Anthropology
7964:10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00030
7875:Netzley, Patricia D. (2002).
7730:10.1525/ae.1988.15.4.02a00070
7697:10.1525/aa.1981.83.3.02a00030
7406:Erlendsson, Haraldur (2003).
6564:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
4550:"Demoniacal Possession"
4402:Bourguignon & Ucko (1969)
4283:
4073:Purported demonic possessions
3931:and North America due to the
3801:
3560:
3480:Shamanism of the Solon People
3426:
2889:believe in spirit possession.
1836:, like the ones mentioned in
1282:Traditional African religions
827:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
306:Reportedly haunted locations:
8974:London Spiritualist Alliance
8407:Ritual and Belief in Morocco
8405:Westermarck, Edward (2014).
8015:Rassool, G. Hussein (2015).
7979:Oxtoby; Amore, eds. (2010).
7158:Broedel, Hans Peter (2003).
6917:Clinical Social Work Journal
5595:. Rutgers University Press.
5073:Orientalistik. Afrikanistik.
3810:, one of the four states of
3737:
3622:
3584:
3533:
3351:
3035:(female guardian spirit) or
2967:African diasporic traditions
2194:Rites of the Catholic Church
1767:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
7:
7168:Manchester University Press
6975:An Exorcist Tells his Story
5919:Pollitzer, William (2005).
5660:Public Broadcasting Service
5536:Pollitzer, William (2005).
5020:. US: Taylor & Francis.
4340:University of Chicago Press
4186:
4089:Aix-en-Provence possessions
3674:
3599:Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
3516:
3474:Chinese ancestor veneration
3232:
2900:, revering a spirit called
2711:
2273:neurodevelopmental disorder
2201:all have cast out devils".
2141:
145:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
9357:
8122:"Old Testament demonology"
7584:Hezel, Francis X. (1993).
7429:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_4
7234:Calmet, Augustine (1751).
6683:Kehoe & Giletti (1981)
6466:"Un Karagam Perantha Amma"
6452:10.4000/civilisations.4822
6274:Buswell & Lopez (2013)
6186:10.1628/094457006780130466
5946:Stuckey, Sterling (2006).
5328:10.1177/136346150003700406
4784:Diem & Schöller (2004)
3982:
3859:
3826:
3696:The Americas and Caribbean
3564:
3419:
3355:
3178:
3088:, spirit possession, some
3011:
2973:African diaspora religions
2958:of West Africa is that of
2912:
2785:
2559:Although forbidden in the
2544:
2538:
2280:on which he was a member.
2247:
2106:Ecclesiastical authorities
1921:
1774:
1764:
29:
9012:
8994:Spiritual church movement
8951:
8570:
8479:
8424:Wilkinson, Tracy (2007).
8364:Verter, Bradford (1999).
7766:Maʻrūf, Muḥammad (2007).
7655:10.1007/s10943-014-9910-7
7337:10.1080/08949460701424155
6973:Amorth, Gabriele (1999).
6576:10.1017/S0140525X17001893
6312:Oxtoby & Amore (2010)
6291:Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive
5892:Lincoln, C. Eric (1990).
4929:10.1007/s10943-012-9626-5
4896:. Archaeopress: 293–302.
3447:
3422:Chinese spirit possession
3294:as the embodiment of all
3112:water spirits, graveyard
3086:African-American churches
3042:
2101:New Catholic Encyclopedia
2009:, usually culminating in
1360:Armenian Apostolic Church
9316:Anthropology of religion
8373:Wahlen, Clinton (2004).
8244:Chinese Magical Medicine
8227:10.1525/can.2002.17.1.32
7623:Encyclopedia of Religion
7371:10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721
6174:Jewish Studies Quarterly
5802:Wortham, Robert (2017).
5724:Southeastern Archaeology
5413:Hamer & Hamer (1966)
5316:Transcultural Psychiatry
5237:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4991:10.1192/pb.bp.113.042721
4077:In chronological order:
3882:
3862:Shamanism § Beliefs
3509:
3497:
3415:
3094:Black Spiritual churches
2849:. These spirits, called
2732:, is summoned. Once the
2695:It originated among the
2325:
2304:chronic fatigue syndrome
2090:to holy symbols, names,
1777:Exorcism in Christianity
1252:Native American religion
907:Revitalization movements
762:Sacred–profane dichotomy
614:Anthropology of religion
417:Apparitional experiences
30:Not to be confused with
9260:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
9125:Carlos María de Heredia
8426:The Vatican's Exorcists
8019:. New York: Routledge.
7705:Kinnard, Jacob (2006).
7684:American Anthropologist
7620:Jones, Lindsay (2005).
7494:Griffel, Frank (2005).
7280:Cuneo, Michael (1999).
6929:10.1023/A:1025714626136
6611:Encyclopædia Britannica
6157:. Gina Konstantopoulos.
6153:Konstantopoulos, Gina.
6114:10.1163/156853378X00518
6042:. National Park Service
5718:Wilkie, Laurie (1995).
5569:Encyclopedia Britannica
5207:"Demons and demonology"
5129:Hamori, Andras (2015).
5075:(in German). No. 3
4682:Encyclopædia Britannica
3979:Medicine and psychology
3878:New religious movements
3794:
3788:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3759:
3755:
3701:Indo-Caribbean Shaktism
3595:Sri Lankan Tamil people
3526:eight limbs of Ayurveda
3275:, He was challenged by
3222:, or possibly as both.
3165:a sacred symbol of the
2616:transmigration of souls
2464:) are inherently evil.
1929:Roman Catholic doctrine
1166:The Journal of Religion
787:Theories about religion
475:Argument from ignorance
442:Out-of-body experiences
155:Extrasensory perception
9341:Paranormal terminology
9190:Charles Arthur Mercier
8999:Arthur Findlay College
8838:William Stainton Moses
8803:Gladys Osborne Leonard
8386:Warren, Brett (2019).
8281:Encyclopaedia of Islam
7896:Noll, Richard (2009).
7571:Henderson, J. (1981).
7255:Encyclopaedia of Islam
7068:Bohak, Gideon (2008).
6558:Singh, Manvir (2018).
5262:Jewish Virtual Library
5211:Jewish Virtual Library
4962:Harvey, Ramon (2021).
4488:– via Bible Hub.
4155:Exorcism of Roland Doe
3985:Culture-bound syndrome
3344:It is believed that a
3254:
3157:
2928:-speaking people from
2649:Possession-trance and
2638:could expel a harmful
2500:Demons (also known as
2300:deliverance ministries
2258:Christian denomination
2188:, etc.) and found the
1990:
1906:
1830:Ángel Manuel Rodríguez
1781:From the beginning of
1212:Alaska Native religion
1207:Afro-American religion
802:Veneration of the dead
500:Communal reinforcement
9150:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
9055:Milbourne Christopher
8964:Spiritualist churches
8833:Lorin Morgan-Richards
8828:William Usborne Moore
8497:Cross-Correspondences
8257:Oxford Bibliographies
8215:Cultural Anthropology
7104:10.3402/ejpt.v6.29126
6982:Baglio, Matt (2009).
6871:Drawing Down the Moon
6869:Adler, Margo (1997).
5964:10.1086/JAAHv91n4p425
5192:Catholic Encyclopedia
4825:Krawietz, B. (2021).
4556:Catholic Encyclopedia
4173:Arne Cheyenne Johnson
3943:Physical anthropology
3907:Cultural anthropology
3896:Drawing Down the Moon
3860:Further information:
3827:Further information:
3780:Mountain Ok languages
3433:Chinese folk religion
3394:. The Hong Kong film
3252:
3155:
3070:Igbo burial practices
2593:Catholic Encyclopedia
2571:were inscriptions on
2569:Jewish magical papyri
2150:literature. In 1597,
2080:obscene hand gestures
1988:
1956:Catholic Encyclopedia
1892:
1775:Further information:
1613:cultural anthropology
1232:Chinese folk religion
1124:Anthony F. C. Wallace
1119:Daniel Martin Varisco
1044:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
946:of the Religious Life
480:Argumentum ad populum
412:Anomalous experiences
392:Scientific skepticism
210:Paranormal television
32:Obsession (Spiritism)
9165:John Nevil Maskelyne
9065:Edmund Smith Conklin
7952:American Ethnologist
7785:Malachi, M. (1976).
7770:. Brill. p. 2.
7718:American Ethnologist
7544:History of Religions
7010:. pp. 544–552.
6996:Beyerstein, Barry L.
6723:"How Exorcism Works"
5102:(4). JSTOR: 323–43.
5016:Bullard, A. (2022).
4113:Louviers possessions
4107:Dorothy Talbye trial
4047:In entry article on
3748:New Guinea Highlands
3358:East Asian religions
3027:that has origins in
2847:Mozambican Civil War
2565:Second Temple Period
1652:is an unusual or an
1267:Shamanism in Siberia
1114:Edward Burnett Tylor
944:The Elementary Forms
712:Magic (supernatural)
662:Comparative religion
495:Cognitive dissonance
490:Begging the question
437:Ideomotor phenomenon
9240:Julien J. Proskauer
9030:George Miller Beard
9025:John Henry Anderson
8763:Daniel Dunglas Home
8480:History and beliefs
7946:Ong, Aihwa (1988).
7579:. pp. 129–134.
7325:Visual Anthropology
7213:Lopez, Donald S.Jr.
7209:Buswell, Robert Jr.
6774:, pp. 544–552.
6750:, pp. 525–539.
6725:. 8 September 2005.
6712:, pp. 551–559.
6697:, pp. 129–134.
6685:, pp. 549–561.
6673:, pp. 307–329.
6661:, pp. 365–386.
6649:, pp. 184–211.
6492:, pp. 299–316.
6404:, pp. 262–282.
6380:, pp. 297–316.
6314:, pp. 256–319.
6140:Jehovah’s Witnesses
5499:, pp. 677–702.
5487:, pp. 274–279.
5475:, pp. 370–399.
5463:, pp. 353–371.
5451:, pp. 710–731.
5006:, pp. 123–146.
4952:, pp. 290–293.
4798:, pp. 263–264.
4444:"The New Testament"
4416:, pp. 117–143.
4314:Mark 5:9, Luke 8:30
4260:Spiritualist Church
4026:Tourette's syndrome
3989:Bicameral mentality
3856:Shamanic traditions
3841:curatore, guaritore
3818:European traditions
3296:unskillful emotions
3056:, African-American
2954:One religion among
2591:. According to the
2060:Speaking in tongues
2054:superhuman strength
1756:Organized religions
1449:Hindu denominations
1390:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
1159:The Hibbert Journal
1069:Claude Lévi-Strauss
1054:Fustel de Coulanges
608:Part of a series on
545:Scientific evidence
387:Scientific literacy
9321:Demonic possession
9280:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
9115:William A. Hammond
8918:Stanisława Tomczyk
8908:Emanuel Swedenborg
8858:Ethel Post-Parrish
8823:Francis Ward Monck
8668:Arthur Conan Doyle
8542:Spirit photography
8345:Christianity Today
8199:The Christian Post
6738:, pp. 94–101.
6066:Nissinen, Martti.
4808:Chodkiewicz (2012)
4796:Westermarck (2014)
4149:Clara Germana Cele
4101:Loudun possessions
3917:Germaine Dieterlen
3834:Italian folk magic
3733:Oceanic traditions
3679:Female workers in
3255:
3212:prophetic messages
3197:Sumerian Mythology
3158:
3134:West African Vodun
2665:African traditions
2614:, wrote about the
2265:Richland, Missouri
2007:obsessive thoughts
1991:
1799:demonic possession
1746:Christian churches
1503:Non-denominational
1415:Oriental Orthodoxy
969:Poles in mythology
702:Laying on of hands
255:Spirit photography
205:Paranormal fiction
125:Demonic possession
9311:Spirit possession
9298:
9297:
9285:Lyttelton Winslow
9250:Donovan Rawcliffe
9215:E. Clephan Palmer
9185:Georgess McHargue
9075:Stuart Cumberland
9050:William Carpenter
8969:Spiritist centres
8928:George Valiantine
8848:Eusapia Palladino
8818:Carmine Mirabelli
8778:Swami Laura Horos
8728:Kathleen Goligher
8653:Geraldine Cummins
8608:Stephen E. Braude
8547:Spirit possession
8532:Spiritual healing
8492:Automatic writing
8156:978-0-809-13619-3
8026:978-1-317-44124-3
7909:978-0-8160-7508-9
7505:978-9-004-29095-2
7352:Dein, S. (2013).
7272:978-90-04-16121-4
7245:978-1-5331-4568-0
7200:978-0-813-54610-0
7166:. Great Britain:
7044:10.1111/pcn.12425
6829:Erlendsson (2003)
6815:978-0-89042-554-1
6772:Beyerstein (1995)
6760:Strickmann (2002)
6428:, pp. 28–42.
6368:, pp. 32–64.
6225:Sutherland (2013)
6210:Strickmann (2002)
6102:Vetus Testamentum
6074:. Oxford Academic
5511:, pp. 21–37.
5403:, pp. 40–43.
5376:978-0-521-62737-5
4649:, pp. 32–33.
4637:, pp. 84–86.
4509:Catechism of the
4240:List of exorcists
4210:Automatic writing
4131:Gottliebin Dittus
3927:that extended to
3362:Certain sects of
3201:Akkadian language
3118:crossroads spirit
2581:incantation bowls
2551:Shade (mythology)
2512:Attar of Nishapur
2394:are said to have
2240:Church of England
2052:Manifestation of
2011:suicidal ideation
1809:for deliverance,
1650:Spirit possession
1647:
1646:
1435:Russian Orthodoxy
1385:Eastern Orthodoxy
1034:Arnold van Gennep
953:Purity and Danger
603:
602:
550:Scientific method
260:Spirit possession
70:Astral projection
16:(Redirected from
9348:
9230:Massimo Polidoro
9180:Henry C. McComas
9085:Joseph Dunninger
8863:James Van Praagh
8753:Gordon Higginson
8693:William Eglinton
8537:Spirit obsession
8462:
8455:
8448:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8420:
8401:
8382:
8369:
8360:
8339:
8302:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8247:
8238:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8189:
8160:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8116:
8094:
8062:
8030:
8011:
8009:
7984:
7975:
7942:
7913:
7892:
7871:
7842:
7821:
7800:
7781:
7762:
7733:
7712:
7701:
7699:
7674:
7649:(6): 1691–1692.
7637:
7616:
7614:
7589:
7580:
7567:
7538:
7509:
7490:
7469:
7440:
7411:
7402:
7383:
7373:
7358:The Psychiatrist
7348:
7316:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7276:
7257:(2nd ed.).
7249:
7230:
7204:
7185:
7165:
7154:
7125:
7115:
7082:
7073:
7064:
7046:
7021:
7008:Prometheus Books
7002:, Gordon (ed.).
6991:
6978:
6969:
6940:
6911:
6874:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6713:
6707:
6698:
6695:Henderson (1981)
6692:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6659:De Heusch (2007)
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6555:
6546:
6545:
6526:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6502:
6493:
6487:
6470:
6469:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6414:
6411:
6405:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6366:Snodgrass (2002)
6363:
6357:
6356:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6283:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6234:
6228:
6222:
6213:
6207:
6198:
6197:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6063:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6006:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5864:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5698:
5687:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5652:
5646:
5645:, pp. 1–21.
5640:
5634:
5633:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5533:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5509:O'Connell (1982)
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5357:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5188:
5186:"Exorcism"
5180:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5064:
5058:
5055:Szombathy (2014)
5052:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4979:The Psychiatrist
4974:
4968:
4967:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4822:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4714:Friendly Atheist
4705:
4699:
4696:Showalter (2021)
4693:
4687:
4686:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4570:Wilkinson (2007)
4567:
4561:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4523:
4520:
4514:
4513:, paragraph 328.
4507:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4429:
4426:Rodríguez (1998)
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4351:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4161:Anneliese Michel
4143:Johann Blumhardt
4068:Notable examples
4010:mental illnesses
3947:Anthropologists
3902:Scientific views
3797:
3791:
3777:
3771:
3368:Korean shamanism
3338:cycle of rebirth
3283:are enumerated:
3239:Tantric Buddhist
3193:Yahwist Pantheon
3174:Asian traditions
3143:biblical figures
2867:, a woman named
2489:
2354:Islamic theology
1904:
1727:Native Americans
1639:
1632:
1625:
1380:Coptic Orthodoxy
1094:Marshall Sahlins
936:Related articles
624:
605:
604:
595:
588:
581:
485:Bandwagon effect
382:Pseudoskepticism
372:Magical thinking
43:
42:
21:
18:Demon possession
9356:
9355:
9351:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9294:
9290:Richard Wiseman
9220:Ronald Pearsall
9200:John Mulholland
9155:Rose Mackenberg
9120:C. E. M. Hansel
9105:G. Stanley Hall
9008:
8947:
8913:Rosina Thompson
8873:Estelle Roberts
8813:Heinrich Melzer
8788:James H. Hyslop
8758:Richard Hodgson
8648:William Crookes
8566:
8512:Materialization
8475:
8466:
8436:
8417:
8398:
8320:10.2307/1157107
8299:
8283:. Vol. 3.
8269:
8267:
8203:
8201:
8178:10.2307/2798425
8157:
8135:
8133:
8113:
8051:10.2307/3773784
8027:
7931:10.2307/3773703
7910:
7889:
7860:10.2307/3035021
7812:(26): 123–146.
7797:
7778:
7751:10.2307/2796794
7634:
7575:. Vol. 2.
7527:10.2307/3772719
7506:
7458:10.2307/2800131
7399:
7313:
7291:
7289:
7273:
7246:
7227:
7215:, eds. (2013).
7201:
7182:
7018:
6892:10.2307/1160031
6864:
6859:
6851:
6847:
6839:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6816:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6785:
6778:
6770:
6766:
6758:
6754:
6746:
6742:
6734:
6730:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6708:
6701:
6693:
6689:
6681:
6677:
6669:
6665:
6657:
6653:
6645:
6641:
6633:
6629:
6615:
6613:
6603:
6599:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6505:Robbins (2004b)
6503:
6496:
6488:
6473:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6436:
6432:
6424:
6417:
6412:
6408:
6400:
6396:
6388:
6384:
6376:
6372:
6364:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6272:
6268:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6223:
6216:
6208:
6201:
6166:
6162:
6151:
6147:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6094:
6087:
6077:
6075:
6064:
6055:
6045:
6043:
6032:
6028:
6018:
6016:
6004:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5944:
5940:
5933:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5862:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5756:Jacobs (1989).
5754:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5716:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:Yale University
5685:
5679:
5675:
5665:
5663:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5641:
5637:
5630:
5614:
5610:
5603:
5587:
5583:
5573:
5571:
5565:"African Dance"
5563:Harper, Peggy.
5561:
5557:
5550:
5534:
5527:
5519:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5455:
5447:
5443:
5437:McIntosh (2004)
5435:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5399:
5392:
5377:
5361:Lambek, Michael
5358:
5354:
5347:
5343:
5308:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5239:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5181:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5142:
5138:
5127:
5123:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5049:
5041:
5037:
5029:
5025:
5014:
5010:
5002:
4998:
4975:
4971:
4960:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4913:
4909:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4823:
4814:
4806:
4802:
4794:
4790:
4782:
4778:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4708:Mehta, Hemant.
4706:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4675:, ed. (1911). "
4660:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4645:
4641:
4633:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4609:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4511:Catholic Church
4508:
4504:
4497:
4493:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4428:, pp. 5–7.
4424:
4420:
4414:Robbins (2004a)
4412:
4408:
4400:
4396:
4385:
4369:
4365:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:, p. 8687.
4301:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4201:Religion portal
4199:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4179:Tanacu exorcism
4083:Martha Brossier
4075:
4070:
4042:sleep paralysis
3991:
3981:
3945:
3909:
3904:
3885:
3880:
3864:
3858:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3820:
3804:
3740:
3735:
3703:
3698:
3677:
3647:Bonerate people
3625:
3618:
3612:
3587:
3569:
3563:
3536:
3519:
3512:
3500:
3462:
3460:Yin-yang theory
3450:
3441:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3396:Super Normal II
3360:
3354:
3235:
3189:Martti Nissinen
3187:. According to
3181:
3176:
3163:Kongo cosmogram
3130:Bible conjuring
3106:Kongo cosmogram
3090:Nkisi practices
3082:snake reverence
3047:The culture of
3045:
3014:
2982:
2971:In many of the
2969:
2951:
2917:
2911:
2909:Southern Africa
2790:
2779:
2766:Anthropologists
2714:
2709:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2628:Jewish folklore
2589:unclean spirits
2557:
2545:Main articles:
2541:
2492:
2454:In contrast to
2381:marijin min nar
2348:, found within
2328:
2310:, addiction to
2288:
2250:
2144:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1902:
1779:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1718:Native American
1710:Southeast Asian
1643:
1603:
1602:
1395:Greek Orthodoxy
1375:Catholic Church
1191:
1190:
1179:
1178:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1104:Stanley Tambiah
1059:Clifford Geertz
1014:Joseph Campbell
999:Augustin Calmet
994:
993:
992:Major theorists
984:
983:
959:Myth and ritual
945:
938:
937:
928:
927:
833:
817:
816:
807:
806:
757:Sacred language
747:Rite of passage
672:Divine language
637:
636:
627:
599:
570:
569:
465:
457:
456:
427:False awakening
407:
397:
396:
342:
332:
331:
230:Psychic reading
165:Fortune-telling
100:Close encounter
65:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9354:
9344:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9265:Chung Ling Soo
9262:
9257:
9255:Joseph F. Rinn
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9205:Fulton Oursler
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9170:Henry Maudsley
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9145:Joseph Jastrow
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9110:Trevor H. Hall
9107:
9102:
9100:Martin Gardner
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9070:Millais Culpin
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9040:Lionel Branson
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9016:
9014:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8888:Rudi Schneider
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8768:Elizabeth Hope
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8723:Eileen Garrett
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8618:Rosemary Brown
8615:
8613:William Breeze
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8593:Charles Bailey
8590:
8585:
8583:Rosemary Altea
8580:
8574:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8476:
8465:
8464:
8457:
8450:
8442:
8435:
8434:
8421:
8415:
8402:
8397:978-1532968914
8396:
8383:
8377:. p. 19.
8370:
8361:
8340:
8314:(3): 274–279.
8303:
8297:
8276:
8248:
8239:
8210:
8190:
8161:
8155:
8142:
8117:
8111:
8095:
8063:
8045:(4): 299–316.
8031:
8025:
8012:
8000:(2): 184–211.
7985:
7976:
7943:
7914:
7908:
7893:
7887:
7872:
7854:(2): 297–316.
7843:
7822:
7801:
7795:
7782:
7776:
7763:
7745:(3): 307–329.
7734:
7724:(4): 710–731.
7713:
7702:
7690:(3): 549–561.
7675:
7638:
7632:
7617:
7605:(2): 353–371.
7590:
7581:
7568:
7556:10.1086/592152
7539:
7521:(4): 392–408.
7510:
7504:
7491:
7470:
7452:(4): 530–543.
7441:
7423:(3): 525–539.
7412:
7403:
7397:
7384:
7364:(9): 290–293.
7349:
7331:(5): 365–386.
7321:De Heusch, Luc
7317:
7312:978-0706952988
7311:
7298:
7277:
7271:
7250:
7244:
7231:
7225:
7205:
7199:
7186:
7180:
7155:
7137:(3): 262–282.
7126:
7083:
7074:
7065:
7022:
7016:
6992:
6979:
6970:
6958:10.2307/218907
6952:(4): 677–702.
6941:
6912:
6886:(3): 370–399.
6875:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6853:Karanci (2014)
6845:
6833:
6821:
6814:
6791:
6776:
6764:
6752:
6740:
6728:
6714:
6699:
6687:
6675:
6663:
6651:
6647:Queiroz (2012)
6639:
6627:
6597:
6547:
6540:
6521:
6509:
6507:, p. 284.
6494:
6490:Robbins (1998)
6471:
6457:
6430:
6415:
6406:
6394:
6382:
6378:Nabokov (1997)
6370:
6358:
6344:
6330:
6316:
6304:
6278:
6266:
6262:Kinnard (2006)
6254:
6229:
6214:
6212:, p. 251.
6199:
6160:
6145:
6127:
6085:
6053:
6026:
5992:
5958:(4): 438–440.
5938:
5931:
5911:
5904:
5884:
5850:
5843:
5829:Hucks (2003).
5821:
5814:
5794:
5774:10.2307/540080
5768:(403): 46–48.
5748:
5710:
5673:
5647:
5635:
5628:
5608:
5601:
5581:
5555:
5548:
5525:
5523:, p. 187.
5513:
5501:
5489:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5441:
5429:
5417:
5405:
5390:
5375:
5352:
5341:
5322:(4): 580–600.
5299:
5274:
5249:
5224:
5198:
5175:
5163:
5151:
5136:
5121:
5086:
5059:
5047:
5045:, p. 103.
5043:Griffel (2005)
5035:
5033:, p. 143.
5023:
5008:
4996:
4985:(9): 290–293.
4969:
4954:
4942:
4923:(1): 229–243.
4917:J Relig Health
4907:
4880:
4868:
4856:
4852:Rassool (2015)
4844:
4842:, p. 211.
4832:
4812:
4800:
4788:
4786:, p. 144.
4776:
4772:Tennant (2001)
4764:
4752:
4726:
4700:
4688:
4673:Chisholm, Hugh
4651:
4647:Broedel (2003)
4639:
4627:
4615:
4611:Netzley (2002)
4600:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4539:
4524:
4515:
4502:
4491:
4473:
4471:, p. 462.
4469:Malachi (1976)
4461:
4430:
4418:
4406:
4394:
4383:
4363:
4349:10.1086/715812
4316:
4307:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4272:Unclean spirit
4269:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:Divine madness
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4167:Michael Taylor
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
3980:
3977:
3949:Alice B. Kehoe
3944:
3941:
3925:Western Africa
3921:Marcel Griaule
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3857:
3854:
3835:
3832:
3824:
3823:Ancient Greece
3821:
3819:
3816:
3803:
3800:
3744:Urapmin people
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3676:
3673:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3616:Southeast Asia
3614:
3607:Vedda language
3586:
3583:
3562:
3559:
3535:
3532:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3484:Inner Mongolia
3477:
3461:
3458:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3428:
3425:
3420:Main article:
3417:
3414:
3392:samurai swords
3353:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3330:Devaputra-māra
3327:
3313:
3299:
3273:Gautama Buddha
3234:
3231:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3098:Black theology
3062:herbal healing
3044:
3041:
3022:Afro-Brazilian
3013:
3010:
2981:
2978:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2890:
2873:
2872:
2855:
2854:
2833:
2832:
2819:
2818:
2815:Giriama people
2811:
2778:
2775:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Horn of Africa
2705:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2670:Central Africa
2668:
2666:
2663:
2597:Book of Tobias
2540:
2537:
2490:
2458:, the devils (
2445:al-Rustughfanī
2327:
2324:
2287:
2284:
2249:
2246:
2184:, fear of the
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2143:
2140:
2126:mental illness
2096:
2095:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2014:
2003:
1922:Main article:
1919:
1916:
1900:
1873:Judas Iscariot
1846:false prophets
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1690:Dominican Vudú
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Pentecostalism
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:folk religions
1192:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Émile Durkheim
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:Akbar S. Ahmed
1001:
995:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
979:Elite religion
976:
974:Lived religion
971:
966:
961:
956:
949:
939:
935:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
909:
908:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
846:
842:
841:
836:
829:
823:
822:
818:
814:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
635:Basic concepts
634:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
617:
616:
610:
609:
601:
600:
598:
597:
590:
583:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
515:Fringe science
512:
510:Falsifiability
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
447:Parapsychology
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
405:Parapsychology
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
324:
319:
317:United Kingdom
314:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
250:Retrocognition
247:
245:Remote viewing
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
110:Crystal gazing
107:
102:
97:
92:
90:Breatharianism
87:
82:
77:
72:
66:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9353:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9336:Neurotheology
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9225:Frank Podmore
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9175:Joseph McCabe
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9140:Harry Houdini
9138:
9136:
9135:Terence Hines
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9080:Eric Dingwall
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9015:
9011:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:Organizations
8950:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8893:Maria Silbert
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8853:Leonora Piper
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8843:Einer Nielsen
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8798:Franek Kluski
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8683:Harry Edwards
8681:
8679:
8678:Eddy Brothers
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8638:Florence Cook
8636:
8634:
8633:Doris Collins
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8623:Sylvia Browne
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8598:Bangs Sisters
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:Spiritualists
8569:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8557:Table-turning
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8527:Spirit guides
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8507:Faith healing
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8478:
8474:
8470:
8463:
8458:
8456:
8451:
8449:
8444:
8443:
8440:
8432:. p. 25.
8431:
8427:
8422:
8418:
8416:9781317912682
8412:
8408:
8403:
8399:
8393:
8389:
8384:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8367:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8304:
8300:
8298:9789004269637
8294:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8211:
8200:
8196:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8162:
8158:
8152:
8148:
8143:
8131:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8112:0-520-23800-1
8108:
8104:
8100:
8099:Robbins, Joel
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8067:Robbins, Joel
8064:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8035:Robbins, Joel
8032:
8028:
8022:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7986:
7982:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7894:
7890:
7888:9780737746389
7884:
7880:
7879:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7833:(1): 91–112.
7832:
7828:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7802:
7798:
7796:0-06-065337-X
7792:
7788:
7783:
7779:
7777:9789004160996
7773:
7769:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7639:
7635:
7633:0-02-865733-0
7629:
7625:
7624:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7591:
7587:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7481:(2): 94–101.
7480:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7409:
7404:
7400:
7398:9783447050838
7394:
7390:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7304:
7299:
7287:
7283:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7237:
7232:
7228:
7226:9780691157863
7222:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7192:
7187:
7183:
7181:9780719064418
7177:
7173:
7169:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7084:
7080:
7075:
7071:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7023:
7019:
7017:1-57392-021-5
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6980:
6976:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6876:
6872:
6867:
6866:
6854:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6825:
6817:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6773:
6768:
6762:, p. 65.
6761:
6756:
6749:
6744:
6737:
6732:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6706:
6704:
6696:
6691:
6684:
6679:
6672:
6667:
6660:
6655:
6648:
6643:
6636:
6631:
6624:
6612:
6608:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6570:: e66: 1–61.
6569:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6552:
6543:
6541:9781526137975
6537:
6533:
6532:
6525:
6518:
6513:
6506:
6501:
6499:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6467:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6446:(67): 41–56.
6445:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6410:
6403:
6398:
6392:, p. 83.
6391:
6386:
6379:
6374:
6367:
6362:
6354:
6348:
6340:
6334:
6326:
6320:
6313:
6308:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6275:
6270:
6263:
6258:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6226:
6221:
6219:
6211:
6206:
6204:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6156:
6149:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6092:
6090:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6041:
6037:
6036:"Magic Bowls"
6030:
6014:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5942:
5934:
5932:9780820327839
5928:
5924:
5923:
5915:
5907:
5905:9780822310730
5901:
5897:
5896:
5888:
5872:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5846:
5844:9781576072387
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5817:
5815:9781498530361
5811:
5807:
5806:
5798:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5752:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5714:
5695:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5629:9780813523613
5625:
5621:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5602:9780813523613
5598:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5551:
5549:9780820327839
5545:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5521:Verter (1999)
5517:
5510:
5505:
5498:
5497:Alpers (1984)
5493:
5486:
5485:Tanner (1955)
5481:
5474:
5469:
5462:
5457:
5450:
5449:Lambek (1988)
5445:
5438:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5345:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5306:
5304:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5194:
5193:
5187:
5179:
5173:, p. 19.
5172:
5171:Wahlen (2004)
5167:
5160:
5155:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5125:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5044:
5039:
5032:
5027:
5019:
5012:
5005:
5004:Meldon (1908)
5000:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4876:Maʻrūf (2007)
4872:
4865:
4860:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4773:
4768:
4761:
4756:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4669:
4668:public domain
4655:
4648:
4643:
4636:
4635:Warren (2019)
4631:
4625:, p. 69.
4624:
4623:Warren (2019)
4619:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4590:
4583:
4582:Baglio (2009)
4578:
4572:, p. 25.
4571:
4566:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4543:
4537:, p. 33.
4536:
4535:Amorth (1999)
4531:
4529:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4449:
4448:Bible Gateway
4445:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4427:
4422:
4415:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4384:9781003281139
4380:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4255:Spirit spouse
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4191:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4125:George Lukins
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4034:schizophrenia
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3953:Afro-Eurasian
3950:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3911:The works of
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3830:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3769:Sinik dagamin
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3685:mass hysteria
3682:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3408:Yunlin County
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:conjure canes
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:praise houses
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3029:Yoruba people
3026:
3025:folk religion
3023:
3019:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2986:Haitian Vodou
2980:Haitian Vodou
2977:
2974:
2961:
2960:Hausa animism
2957:
2953:
2952:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:Sukuma people
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2760:of southwest
2759:
2758:Sidama people
2754:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2718:Gurage people
2704:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2690:psychotherapy
2687:
2683:
2674:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:subtle bodies
2374:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2308:homosexuality
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:Great Britain
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2115:De exorcismis
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:Fallen angels
1942:
1938:
1937:non-corporeal
1934:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1888:New Testament
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:New Testament
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:Ramoth-Gilead
1851:
1847:
1844:includes the
1843:
1842:Old Testament
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1771:Holy laughter
1768:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:South America
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Haitian Vodou
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
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1640:
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1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Protestantism
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
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1197:
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1163:
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1153:
1149:
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1146:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Victor Turner
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:Melford Spiro
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Roy Rappaport
1082:
1080:
1079:Steven Ozment
1077:
1075:
1074:Robert Marett
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Mircea Eliade
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
988:
987:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
941:
940:
932:
931:
924:
923:Handsome Lake
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
843:
840:
837:
835:
830:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
811:
810:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
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723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
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688:
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668:
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648:
645:
643:
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639:
631:
630:
623:
619:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
596:
591:
589:
584:
582:
577:
576:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Pseudoscience
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
461:
460:
453:
452:Synchronicity
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
401:
400:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
336:
335:
328:
325:
323:
322:United States
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
301:
298:
296:
295:Table-turning
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Reincarnation
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:Preternatural
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
170:Ghost hunting
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
120:Cryptozoology
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
64:Main articles
61:
60:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9270:Gordon Stein
9095:Chris French
9060:Edward Clodd
9045:Derren Brown
9035:Ruth Brandon
9020:David Abbott
8943:Chico Xavier
8903:Doris Stokes
8878:Jane Roberts
8808:Oliver Lodge
8793:Allan Kardec
8773:William Hope
8708:Leslie Flint
8673:Helen Duncan
8663:Frank Decker
8658:Pearl Curran
8643:Mina Crandon
8628:Eva Carrière
8603:Ada Besinnet
8578:Derek Acorah
8552:Spirit world
8546:
8469:Spiritualism
8430:Warner Books
8428:. New York:
8425:
8406:
8387:
8378:
8374:
8365:
8348:
8344:
8311:
8307:
8280:
8268:. Retrieved
8256:
8243:
8221:(1): 32–64.
8218:
8214:
8202:. Retrieved
8172:(1): 30–43.
8169:
8165:
8146:
8134:. Retrieved
8129:
8125:
8102:
8074:
8070:
8042:
8038:
8016:
7997:
7993:
7980:
7958:(1): 28–42.
7955:
7951:
7925:(1): 21–37.
7922:
7918:
7898:
7877:
7851:
7847:
7830:
7826:
7809:
7805:
7786:
7767:
7742:
7738:
7721:
7717:
7707:
7687:
7683:
7646:
7642:
7622:
7602:
7598:
7585:
7572:
7547:
7543:
7518:
7514:
7495:
7478:
7475:Dissociation
7474:
7449:
7445:
7420:
7416:
7388:
7361:
7357:
7328:
7324:
7302:
7290:. Retrieved
7285:
7254:
7235:
7216:
7190:
7161:
7134:
7130:
7095:
7091:
7078:
7069:
7034:
7030:
7003:
6986:. New York:
6983:
6974:
6949:
6945:
6920:
6916:
6883:
6879:
6870:
6862:Bibliography
6848:
6836:
6824:
6800:
6794:
6767:
6755:
6743:
6731:
6717:
6690:
6678:
6671:Lewis (1966)
6666:
6654:
6642:
6635:Adler (1997)
6630:
6621:
6614:. Retrieved
6610:
6600:
6567:
6563:
6530:
6524:
6517:Hezel (1993)
6512:
6460:
6443:
6433:
6409:
6402:Broch (1985)
6397:
6385:
6373:
6361:
6347:
6339:"豐原鎮天宮全球資訊網"
6333:
6319:
6307:
6295:. Retrieved
6290:
6287:"Four maras"
6281:
6269:
6257:
6245:. Retrieved
6241:
6232:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6148:
6139:
6130:
6105:
6101:
6076:. Retrieved
6071:
6044:. Retrieved
6039:
6029:
6017:. Retrieved
6012:
6008:
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5955:
5951:
5941:
5921:
5914:
5894:
5887:
5875:. Retrieved
5870:
5866:
5853:
5834:
5824:
5804:
5797:
5785:. Retrieved
5765:
5761:
5751:
5739:. Retrieved
5727:
5723:
5713:
5701:. Retrieved
5689:
5676:
5664:. Retrieved
5659:
5650:
5643:Hayes (2008)
5638:
5618:
5611:
5591:
5584:
5572:. Retrieved
5568:
5558:
5538:
5516:
5504:
5492:
5480:
5473:Allen (1991)
5468:
5456:
5444:
5432:
5420:
5408:
5401:Shack (1971)
5365:
5355:
5344:
5319:
5315:
5290:. Retrieved
5286:
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5261:
5252:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:
5227:
5215:. Retrieved
5210:
5201:
5190:
5178:
5166:
5159:Bohak (2008)
5154:
5145:
5139:
5130:
5124:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5072:
5062:
5050:
5038:
5031:Sells (1996)
5026:
5017:
5011:
4999:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4963:
4957:
4945:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4878:, p. 2.
4871:
4859:
4847:
4835:
4826:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4760:Cuneo (1999)
4755:
4745:18 September
4743:. Retrieved
4739:
4729:
4719:18 September
4717:. Retrieved
4713:
4703:
4691:
4680:
4654:
4642:
4630:
4618:
4594:
4589:
4577:
4565:
4554:
4542:
4518:
4505:
4499:Luke 4:33–35
4494:
4485:
4482:"John 13:27"
4476:
4464:
4452:. Retrieved
4447:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4388:
4373:
4366:
4335:
4329:
4319:
4310:
4303:Jones (2005)
4264:
4215:Body hopping
4076:
4063:
4046:
4007:
3992:
3946:
3937:
3910:
3886:
3865:
3850:il malocchio
3849:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3805:
3784:kisim spirit
3760:pulim spirit
3756:spirit disko
3741:
3724:powder, and
3715:
3704:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3591:Coast Veddas
3588:
3581:
3575:
3570:
3557:
3552:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3494:
3463:
3451:
3442:
3430:
3412:
3399:
3395:
3361:
3345:
3343:
3329:
3319:
3316:Skandha-māra
3315:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3262:
3256:
3244:
3236:
3224:
3216:
3208:Hebrew Bible
3205:
3182:
3159:
3058:quilt making
3046:
3015:
3004:
2999:
2998:). When the
2995:
2989:
2983:
2970:
2956:Hausa people
2941:
2937:
2934:South Africa
2915:Amafufunyana
2901:
2875:
2874:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2835:
2834:
2821:
2820:
2806:
2802:
2781:
2780:
2755:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2697:Mongo people
2694:
2680:
2673:
2659:
2648:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2604:16th century
2601:
2592:
2584:
2561:Hebrew Bible
2558:
2542:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2469:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2433:ibn Taimiyya
2418:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2289:
2282:
2278:school board
2262:
2251:
2244:
2203:
2178:
2156:Daemonologie
2145:
2138:
2119:
2114:
2099:
2097:
2042:Roman Ritual
2039:
1994:
1992:
1971:
1955:
1953:
1931:states that
1927:
1914:
1907:
1903:Luke 4:33–35
1893:
1885:
1862:
1838:Leviticus 20
1823:
1803:supernatural
1783:Christianity
1780:
1761:Christianity
1682:Christianity
1649:
1648:
1542:Conservative
1410:Nestorianism
1343:Christianity
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1089:Saba Mahmood
1064:Robin Horton
1049:James Frazer
1019:Mary Douglas
951:
942:
839:Neo-Paganism
815:Case studies
782:Superstition
777:Soul dualism
687:Great Spirit
565:Urban legend
555:Superstition
535:Protoscience
530:Junk science
470:Anomalistics
347:Cold reading
305:
304:
280:Supernatural
270:Spiritualism
265:Spirit world
259:
215:Precognition
135:Doppelgänger
124:
95:Clairvoyance
40:
9245:James Randi
9235:Harry Price
9210:Joe Nickell
9195:Albert Moll
9160:David Marks
9090:Henry Evans
8938:Etta Wriedt
8933:Jack Webber
8898:Henry Slade
8883:William Roy
8748:Alec Harris
8743:Robert Hare
8713:Arthur Ford
8703:Fox sisters
8698:Colin Evans
8688:John Edward
8588:Dan Aykroyd
8270:12 December
8077:: 117–143.
7550:(1): 1–21.
7170:. pp.
6841:Noll (2009)
6637:, p. .
6607:"Shamanism"
6390:Dart (1990)
6247:12 December
5425:Gomm (1975)
5267:21 November
5242:20 November
5217:20 November
5161:, p. .
4950:Dein (2013)
4454:21 November
4342:: 635–659.
4137:Antoine Gay
3995:psychiatric
3933:slave trade
3829:Nympholepsy
3808:Chuuk State
3775:wat dalamin
3439:Development
3167:Bantu-Kongo
2949:West Africa
2795:Digo people
2777:East Africa
2610:, a Jewish
2608:Isaac Luria
2441:Maturidites
2390:Since such
2320:Holy Spirit
2312:pornography
2296:evangelical
2292:charismatic
2286:Evangelical
2167:Book of Job
2076:Blasphemous
2046:Middle Ages
2021:Book of Job
1995:temptations
1918:Catholicism
1832:, say that
1826:theologians
1743:Charismatic
1739:Pentecostal
1469:Vaishnavism
1400:Lutheranism
1355:Anglicanism
1039:René Girard
918:Ghost Dance
797:Transtheism
767:Sacred site
727:Nympholepsy
560:Uncertainty
285:Telekinesis
235:Psychometry
115:Conjuration
9305:Categories
9275:Amy Tanner
9130:Carl Hertz
8868:Bert Reese
8783:Cecil Husk
8733:Rita Goold
8517:Mediumship
8351:: 46–48+.
8136:29 October
7292:3 December
7282:"Exorcism"
6923:(2): 211.
6873:. Penguin.
6426:Ong (1988)
6325:"朱秀華借屍回陽記"
6297:8 December
6046:2 December
6034:Ferguson.
6019:2 December
5985:1 December
5877:2 December
5730:(2): 141.
5574:31 January
5079:14 October
4284:References
4245:Necromancy
4230:Enthusiasm
4220:Demonology
3983:See also:
3961:tryptophan
3913:Jean Rouch
3870:, such as
3802:Micronesia
3637:(Voodoo),
3565:See also:
3561:Tamil Nadu
3522:Bhūtavidyā
3427:Background
3388:enchanters
3356:See also:
3302:Mṛtyu-māra
3288:Kleśa-māra
3269:hell realm
3139:Holy Ghost
3102:ring shout
3076:shouting,
3074:Holy Ghost
3033:Pomba Gira
2913:See also:
2869:Alice Auma
2843:Mozambique
2836:Mozambique
2786:See also:
2716:Among the
2587:and other
2437:ibn Qayyim
2431:, such as
2427:, and the
2316:alcoholism
2213:holy water
2182:Holy Water
2152:King James
2148:Protestant
2094:or places.
2066:Revelation
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