460:
51:
317:
38:
499:
In 2015 clinical trials were beginning of the use of chlorotoxin with a fluorescent molecule attached as brain tumour "paint" (BLZ-100), to mark cancerous cells in real time during an operation. This is important in brain cancer surgery, where it is vital both to remove as many cancerous cells as
390:. While a sting from this scorpion is extraordinarily painful, it normally would not kill a healthy adult human. However, young children, the elderly, or infirm (such as those with a heart condition and those who are allergic) are at much greater risk. Any
1162:
447:(INDs). The US Armed Forces maintain an investigational drug application for the AVPC-Riyadh antivenom in the event of envenomation of soldiers in the Gulf War theater of operations, and the Florida Antivenin Bank, managed by the
500:
possible, but not to remove healthy tissue necessary for brain functioning. In preclinical animal trials the technique could highlight extremely small clusters of as few as 200 cancer cells, compared to the standard use of
222:, as well as by many other colloquial names, which generally originate from the commercial captive trade of the animal. To eliminate confusion, especially important with potentially dangerous species, the
699:
Lowe G, Yagmur EA, Kovarik F. A Review of the Genus
Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with Description of Four New Species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius. 2014 (191):1-129.
1177:
439:
In the United States and other countries outside of the typical range of the deathstalker, there is the additional complicating factor that none of the existing antivenoms are approved by the
1173:
531:
In several jurisdictions departments of fish and wildlife require permits for many animals, and a number of cities and municipal governments have prohibited their possession in their bylaws.
785:
Kubo Y, Adelman JP, Clapham DE, et al. (December 2005). "International Union of
Pharmacology. LIV. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels".
520:
in laws requiring permits to keep animals which are not usual pets, or restricting possession of dangerous animals, and in some cases have prohibited the keeping of
516:
may be illegal or regulated in countries with laws prohibiting the keeping of dangerous animals in general. Jurisdictions are increasingly and explicitly including
889:
Sofer S, Shalev H, Weizman Z, Shahak E, Gueron M (1991). "Acute pancreatitis in children following envenomation by the yellow scorpion
Leiurus quinquestriatus".
962:
932:
1712:
1358:
1652:
1550:
1050:
1214:
1563:
1250:
1524:
1717:
1398:
436:
even with antivenom treatment, as its venom is unusually resistant to treatment and typically requires large doses of antivenom.
984:
1642:
924:
608:
1322:
1286:
1021:
1011:
652:
618:
559:
1692:
1677:
1647:
344:
1707:
642:
583:
549:
1450:
1362:
1092:
448:
1632:
1667:
1662:
1568:
1202:
268:
habitats ranging from North Africa through to the Middle East. Its range covers a wide sweep of territory in the
1637:
175:
20:
1366:
488:. There has also been some evidence to show that other components of the venom may aid in the regulation of
1672:
1657:
1148:
440:
1477:
1472:
1697:
1085:
253:
is yellow, and 30–77 millimetres (1.2–3.0 in) long, with an average of 58 mm (2.3 in).
1682:
1120:
1115:
50:
1687:
1225:
857:
830:
1261:
787:
1464:
1113:
1702:
1555:
1412:
954:
843:
700:
1604:
155:
1594:
1498:
1459:
1293:
459:
444:
8:
1221:
420:
for the treatment of deathstalker envenomations is produced by pharmaceutical companies
1257:
812:
387:
230:
roughly translates into
English as "five-striped smooth-tail". In 2014, the subspecies
45:
1333:
746:
Catterall WA, Cestèle S, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Yu FH, Konoki K, Scheuer T (February 2007).
1627:
1589:
1485:
1129:
1067:
1017:
988:
906:
902:
804:
767:
648:
614:
555:
433:
301:
816:
747:
1490:
1059:
898:
796:
759:
726:
236:
204:
171:
1297:
763:
1576:
411:
223:
1371:
1329:
1114:
Liliana
Soroceanu; Yancey Gillespie; M. B. Khazaeli; Harald Sontheimer (1998).
425:
379:
273:
731:
715:"Systematics and distribution of scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpionida) in Jordan"
714:
1621:
1435:
1063:
340:
1071:
808:
771:
581:
464:
403:
391:
1133:
910:
1581:
1537:
1444:
485:
475:
395:
350:
335:
277:
92:
378:
The deathstalker is one of the most dangerous species of scorpions. Its
1529:
1323:"Animal Ordinances Revision as of 4/11/05 passed at 4/11/05Council Mtg"
800:
451:, maintains Sanofi Pasteur's Scorpifav antivenom for the deathstalker.
383:
324:
305:
297:
1542:
1044:
Eric A. Shalita; Ryan D. Wells (2007). "Treatment of yellow scorpion (
1511:
417:
316:
265:
82:
62:
37:
1406:
1516:
1429:
493:
355:
293:
207:
200:
122:
112:
102:
1503:
489:
481:
428:, and by the National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Center in
399:
281:
245:
196:
132:
745:
468:
429:
421:
269:
72:
289:
241:
1043:
285:
1116:"Use of chlorotoxin for targeting of primary brain tumors"
613:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 476.
525:
501:
366:
985:"Saudi National Antivenom and Vaccine Production Center"
888:
1163:"Appendix: Exceptions to unrestricted wild animal list"
748:"Voltage-gated ion channels and gating modifier toxins"
402:
to the venom. A study from Israel shows a high rate of
1003:
234:
was separated from it and elevated to its own species
610:
The
Continuum encyclopedia of animal symbolism in art
582:
The Staff of
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (1993).
484:
chlorotoxin, has shown potential for treating human
1251:"Licensing of dogs and cats; regulation of animals"
443:(or equivalent agencies) and are only available as
432:. Envenomation by the deathstalker is considered a
784:
308:and western India in the northeast and southeast.
410:does prove deadly, the cause of death is usually
1619:
1215:"Ordinance No: 07-02. Public Nuisance Ordinance"
1170:Wild Bird and Animal Importation and Possession
1051:Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
249:are also often referred to as "deathstalkers".
855:
585:Entomology abstracts, Volume 24, Issues 10-12
480:A component of the deathstalker's venom, the
634:
320:A deathstalker eating a cricket in captivity
226:is normally used to refer to them. The name
1713:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1146:
925:"Scorpion Antivenom Twyford (North Africa)"
778:
739:
600:
504:, with a lower limit in excess of 500,000.
1201:In the UK a licence is required under the
1016:. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 2064.
712:
36:
1363:Town of Rockland, Brown County, Wisconsin
1222:Town of Morrison, Brown County, Wisconsin
1149:"How to light up a tumour - Alex O'Brien"
1009:
730:
369:, which gets its name from this scorpion.
458:
406:following envenomation. If a sting from
315:
713:Amr, Zuhair S.; El-Oran, Ratib (1994).
644:The Guinness Book of World Records 1998
606:
1653:Invertebrates of the Arabian Peninsula
1620:
575:
547:
541:
1411:
1410:
640:
1174:Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department
831:The World’s Most Dangerous Scorpions
345:calcium-activated potassium channels
1365:. November 28, 2007. Archived from
1147:O'Brien, Alex (10 September 2015).
1013:Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies
256:
13:
14:
1729:
1392:
1093:Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department
449:Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department
398:, a potentially life-threatening
1151:– via www.theguardian.com.
588:. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
49:
1351:
1315:
1279:
1243:
1207:
1203:1976 Dangerous Wild Animals Act
1195:
1155:
1140:
1107:
1078:
1037:
977:
947:
917:
882:
849:
836:
823:
1718:Taxa named by Wilhelm Hemprich
846:" National Science Foundation.
706:
693:
668:
1:
1643:Arthropods of the Middle East
1258:Village of Pulaski, Wisconsin
1176:. August 2010. Archived from
764:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.09.022
647:. Bantam Books. p. 768.
534:
21:Deathstalker (disambiguation)
1294:City of Green Bay, Wisconsin
1086:"Antivenom: Species Covered"
1010:Goldfrank, Lewis R. (2006).
903:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90045-s
690:"striated, grooved, fluted".
528:and educational facilities.
441:Food and Drug Administration
7:
1693:Fauna of Palestine (region)
1287:"Public Health and Welfare"
548:Minton, Sherman A. (1974).
507:
492:and could be used to treat
264:can be found in desert and
10:
1734:
1678:Arthropods of Central Asia
1648:Arthropods of North Africa
719:Italian Journal of Zoology
473:
373:
210:. It is also known as the
18:
1708:Animals described in 1829
1419:
1048:) sting: a case report".
732:10.1080/11250009409355881
607:Werness, Hope B. (2004).
382:is a powerful mixture of
362:Other components :
280:, and Central Asia, from
212:Palestine yellow scorpion
161:
154:
46:Scientific classification
44:
35:
30:
1359:"Animal Ordinance Draft"
1064:10.1331/JAPhA.2007.07051
674:Respectively from Greek
358:types one, two and three
311:
1633:Invertebrates of Israel
1465:Leiurus_quinquestriatus
1451:Leiurus quinquestriatus
1421:Leiurus quinquestriatus
1400:Leiurus quinquestriatus
1046:Leiurus quinquestriatus
860:Leiurus quinquestriatus
856:Lucian K. Ross (2008).
788:Pharmacological Reviews
554:. Thomas. p. 235.
454:
408:Leiurus quinquestriatus
288:in the west through to
262:Leiurus quinquestriatus
251:Leiurus quinquestriatus
240:. Other species of the
228:Leiurus quinquestriatus
192:Leiurus quinquestriatus
165:Leiurus quinquestriatus
147:L. quinquestriatus
1668:Arthropods of Pakistan
1663:Arthropods of Ethiopia
1330:City of Brooklyn, Ohio
844:Not so scary scorpions
471:
321:
1339:on September 21, 2010
462:
445:investigational drugs
319:
220:Naqab desert scorpion
1638:Arthropods of Israel
963:Poison Centre Munich
933:Poison Centre Munich
641:Young, Mark (1998).
19:For other uses, see
1673:Arthropods of India
1658:Arthropods of Egypt
1095:. January 2009. #40
16:Species of arachnid
965:. January 15, 2010
935:. January 15, 2010
869:The Scorpion Files
862:(Ehrenberg, 1828)"
801:10.1124/pr.57.4.11
682:"tail", and Latin
522:L. quinquestriatus
518:L. quinquestriatus
514:L. quinquestriatus
472:
329:L. quinquestriatus
322:
203:, a member of the
1698:Fauna of Pakistan
1615:
1614:
1590:Open Tree of Life
1413:Taxon identifiers
1376:on March 15, 2012
1303:on March 11, 2012
1231:on March 24, 2012
1183:on March 23, 2015
1128:(21): 4871–4879.
1023:978-0-07-147914-1
654:978-0-553-57895-9
620:978-0-8264-1525-7
561:978-0-398-03051-3
524:save by licensed
434:medical emergency
400:allergic reaction
394:runs the risk of
302:Arabian Peninsula
216:Omdurman scorpion
183:
182:
1725:
1683:Fauna of Algeria
1608:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1493:
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1480:
1468:
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1455:
1454:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1408:
1407:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1332:. Archived from
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1296:. Archived from
1291:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1267:on July 11, 2012
1266:
1260:. Archived from
1255:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1224:. Archived from
1219:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
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1082:
1076:
1075:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
987:. Archived from
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
921:
915:
914:
886:
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875:
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853:
847:
840:
834:
833:" Planet Deadly.
827:
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631:
629:
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598:
597:
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593:
579:
573:
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545:
463:Deathstalker in
257:Geographic range
237:Leiurus hebraeus
167:
54:
53:
40:
28:
27:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1688:Fauna of Jordan
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1577:Observation.org
1575:
1567:
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1234:
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1213:
1212:
1208:
1200:
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1165:
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1156:
1145:
1141:
1121:Cancer Research
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
991:on July 7, 2011
983:
982:
978:
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953:
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546:
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537:
510:
478:
457:
412:pulmonary edema
376:
343:, a blocker of
331:venom include:
314:
304:, eastwards to
259:
224:scientific name
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150:
48:
24:
17:
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1393:External links
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1058:(5): 616–619.
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725:(2): 185–190.
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551:Venom diseases
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512:Possession of
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474:Main article:
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426:Sanofi Pasteur
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1703:Fauna of Mali
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689:
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681:
678:"smooth" and
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341:Charybdotoxin
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969:December 1,
955:"Scorpifav"
939:December 1,
686:"five" and
476:Chlorotoxin
396:anaphylaxis
388:lethal dose
384:neurotoxins
351:Scyllatoxin
336:Chlorotoxin
325:Neurotoxins
278:Thar Desert
93:Chelicerata
89:Subphylum:
1622:Categories
1403:, WikiPets
535:References
306:Kazakhstan
298:Asia Minor
113:Scorpiones
83:Arthropoda
1380:April 25,
1343:April 25,
1307:April 25,
1271:April 25,
1235:April 25,
1187:April 25,
1099:April 30,
660:April 30,
626:April 30,
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567:April 30,
418:Antivenom
356:Agitoxins
266:scrubland
176:Ehrenberg
141:Species:
103:Arachnida
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1628:Buthidae
1556:11623520
1504:10208954
1430:Wikidata
1072:17848352
817:11588492
809:16382105
772:17239913
688:striatus
508:Legality
494:diabetes
300:and the
294:Ethiopia
208:Buthidae
201:scorpion
195:) is a
172:Hemprich
123:Buthidae
119:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1605:6345210
1530:6893601
1436:Q773744
1134:9809993
911:2028471
891:Toxicon
752:Toxicon
684:quinque
490:insulin
482:peptide
374:Hazards
282:Algeria
246:Leiurus
197:species
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270:Sahara
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959:MAVIN
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813:S2CID
676:leios
380:venom
312:Venom
290:Egypt
242:genus
1569:6883
1564:NCBI
1525:GBIF
1512:EPPO
1473:BOLD
1382:2013
1345:2013
1309:2013
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1189:2013
1130:PMID
1101:2020
1068:PMID
1031:2010
1018:ISBN
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876:2011
805:PMID
768:PMID
680:oura
662:2010
649:ISBN
628:2010
615:ISBN
594:2010
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556:ISBN
526:zoos
455:Uses
424:and
286:Mali
284:and
185:The
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1486:CoL
1460:ADW
1372:DOC
1060:doi
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