1112:, also referred to as a thermal assessment, measures the relative temperatures in specific areas as well as the capacity of the cooling systems to handle specific ambient temperatures. A power and cooling analysis can help to identify hot spots, over-cooled areas that can handle greater power use density, the breakpoint of equipment loading, the effectiveness of a raised-floor strategy, and optimal equipment positioning (such as AC units) to balance temperatures across the data center. Power cooling density is a measure of how much square footage the center can cool at maximum capacity. The cooling of data centers is the second largest power consumer after servers. The cooling energy varies from 10% of the total energy consumption in the most efficient data centers and goes up to 45% in standard air-cooled data centers.
876:
1515:
615:
127:
379:
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33:
253:
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1139:, and pressure behavior of a data center to assess performance and energy consumption, using numerical modeling. By predicting the effects of these environmental conditions, CFD analysis of a data center can be used to predict the impact of high-density racks mixed with low-density racks and the onward impact on cooling resources, poor infrastructure management practices, and AC failure or AC shutdown for scheduled maintenance.
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312:, provides guidelines for data center spaces within telecommunications networks, and environmental requirements for the equipment intended for installation in those spaces. These criteria were developed jointly by Telcordia and industry representatives. They may be applied to data center spaces housing data processing or Information Technology (IT) equipment. The equipment may be used to:
1192:
applications received. Singapore's new data centers shall meet very strict green technology criteria including "Water Usage
Effectiveness (WUE) of 2.0/MWh, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of less than 1.3, and have a "Platinum certification under Singapore's BCA-IMDA Green Mark for New Data Centre" criteria that clearly addressed decarbonization and use of hydrogen cells or solar panels.
476:
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All of the devices are accessed and managed by remote systems, with automation programs used to perform unattended operations. In addition to the energy savings, reduction in staffing costs and the ability to locate the site further from population centers, implementing a lights-out data center reduces the threat of malicious attacks upon the infrastructure.
305:'s Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers specifies the minimum requirements for telecommunications infrastructure of data centers and computer rooms including single tenant enterprise data centers and multi-tenant Internet hosting data centers. The topology proposed in this document is intended to be applicable to any size data center.
1258:
and matched to allow for a fully liquid-cooled infrastructure that captures all heat with water. Different liquid technologies are categorized in 3 main groups, indirect liquid cooling (water-cooled racks), direct liquid cooling (direct-to-chip cooling) and total liquid cooling (complete immersion in liquid, see
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identifies air-management metrics. However, the limitation of most current metrics and approaches is that they do not include IT in the analysis. Case studies have shown that by addressing energy efficiency holistically in a data center, major efficiencies can be achieved that are not possible otherwise.
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It is very difficult to reuse the heat which comes from air-cooled data centers. For this reason, data center infrastructures are more often equipped with heat pumps. An alternative to heat pumps is the adoption of liquid cooling throughout a data center. Different liquid cooling techniques are mixed
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Cooling cost reduction through natural means includes location decisions: When the focus is avoiding good fiber connectivity, power grid connections, and people concentrations to manage the equipment, a data center can be miles away from the users. Mass data centers like Google or
Facebook don't need
1016:
rating for standalone or large data centers. To qualify for the ecolabel, a data center must be within the top quartile in energy efficiency of all reported facilities. The Energy
Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015 (United States) requires federal facilities — including data centers — to operate more
235:
Amidst the recent boom of development, the United States has established a position as the leader in data center infrastructure, hosting 5,381 data centers as of March 2024, the highest number of any country worldwide. According to global consultancy McKinsey & Co., U.S. market demand is expected
1104:
Power is the largest recurring cost to the user of a data center. Cooling it at or below 70 °F (21 °C) wastes money and energy. Furthermore, overcooling equipment in environments with a high relative humidity can expose equipment to a high amount of moisture that facilitates the growth of
605:
It is important that computers do not get humid or overheat, as high humidity can lead to dust clogging the fans, which leads to overheat, or can cause components to malfunction, ruining the board and running a fire hazard. Overheat can cause components, usually the silicon or copper of the wires or
1306:
about whether residents will have to foot the bill for future power lines. It has also made it harder to develop housing in London. A Bank of
America Institute report in July 2024 found that the increase in demand for electricity due in part to AI has been pushing electricity prices higher and is a
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An energy efficiency analysis measures the energy use of data center IT and facilities equipment. A typical energy efficiency analysis measures factors such as a data center's Power Use
Effectiveness (PUE) against industry standards, identifies mechanical and electrical sources of inefficiency, and
426:
data center, also known as a darkened or a dark data center, is a data center that, ideally, has all but eliminated the need for direct access by personnel, except under extraordinary circumstances. Because of the lack of need for staff to enter the data center, it can be operated without lighting.
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Energy use is a central issue for data centers. Power draw ranges from a few kW for a rack of servers in a closet to several tens of MW for large facilities. Some facilities have power densities more than 100 times that of a typical office building. For higher power density facilities, electricity
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Logging access is required by some data protection regulations; some organizations tightly link this to access control systems. Multiple log entries can occur at the main entrance, entrances to internal rooms, and at equipment cabinets. Access control at cabinets can be integrated with intelligent
354:
Virtualization: Lowers capital and operational expenses, reduces energy consumption. Virtualized desktops can be hosted in data centers and rented out on a subscription basis. Investment bank Lazard
Capital Markets estimated in 2008 that 48 percent of enterprise operations will be virtualized by
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Singapore lifted a three-year ban on new data centers in April 2022. A major data center hub for the Asia-Pacific region,Singapore lifted its moratorium on new data center projects in 2022, granting 4 new projects, but rejecting more than 16 data center applications from over 20 new data centers
1044:. Calculations show that in two years, the cost of powering and cooling a server could be equal to the cost of purchasing the server hardware. Research in 2018 has shown that a substantial amount of energy could still be conserved by optimizing IT refresh rates and increasing server utilization.
1035:
In 2011, server racks in data centers were designed for more than 25 kW and the typical server was estimated to waste about 30% of the electricity it consumed. The energy demand for information storage systems is also rising. A high-availability data center is estimated to have a 1 megawatt (MW)
1000:
PUE measures the percentage of power used by overhead devices (cooling, lighting, etc.). The average USA data center has a PUE of 2.0, meaning two watts of total power (overhead + IT equipment) for every watt delivered to IT equipment. State-of-the-art data centers are estimated to have a PUE of
1544:
are access-level data centers which are smaller in size than traditional data centers but provide the same features. They are typically located near the data source to reduce communication delays, as their small size allows several MDCs to be spread out over a wide area. MDCs are well suited to
534:: Location factors include proximity to power grids, telecommunications infrastructure, networking services, transportation lines and emergency services. Other considerations should include flight paths, neighboring power drains, geological risks, and climate (associated with cooling costs).
138:, one of the earliest examples of a data center. Early computer systems, complex to operate and maintain, required a special environment in which to operate. Many cables were necessary to connect all the components, and methods to accommodate and organize these were devised such as standard
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facilities. It also facilitates performing routine maintenance on either physical or virtual systems all while minimizing interruption. A related concept is
Composable Infrastructure, which allows for the dynamic reconfiguration of the available resources to suit needs, only when needed.
334:
Data center transformation takes a step-by-step approach through integrated projects carried out over time. This differs from a traditional method of data center upgrades that takes a serial and siloed approach. The typical projects within a data center transformation initiative include
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are often organized for containment of hot/cold aisles. Proper air duct placement prevents the cold and hot air from mixing. Rows of cabinets are paired to face each other so that the cool and hot air intakes and exhausts don't mix air, which would severely reduce cooling efficiency.
1059:(OCP) to develop and publish open standards for greener data center computing technologies. As part of the project, Facebook published the designs of its server, which it had built for its first dedicated data center in Prineville. Making servers taller left space for more effective
270:
is also a concern, and for this reason, a data center has to offer a secure environment that minimizes the chances of a security breach. A data center must, therefore, keep high standards for assuring the integrity and functionality of its hosted computer environment.
117:
Data centers can vary widely in terms of size, power requirements, redundancy, and overall structure. Four common categories used to segment types of data centers are onsite data centers, colocation facilities, hyperscale data centers, and edge data centers.
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called for more "government and industry efforts on energy efficiency, renewables procurement and RD&D", as some data centers still use electricity generated by fossil fuels. They also said that lifecycle emissions should be considered, that is including
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efficiency by preventing the recirculation of hot air exhausted from IT equipment and reducing bypass airflow. There are several methods of separating hot and cold airstreams, such as hot/cold aisle containment and in-row cooling units.
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A modular data center may consist of data center equipment contained within shipping containers or similar portable containers. Components of the data center can be prefabricated and standardized which facilitates moving if needed.
231:
applications, generating a global boom for more powerful and efficient data center infrastructure. As of March 2021, global data creation was projected to grow to more than 180 zettabytes by 2025, up from 64.2 zettabytes in 2020.
193:
connectivity and non-stop operation to deploy systems and to establish a presence on the
Internet. Installing such equipment was not viable for many smaller companies. Many companies started building very large facilities, called
243:
in May 2024 estimates U.S. data center power consumption could range from 4.6% to 9.1% of the country’s generation by 2030. As of 2023, about 80% of U.S. data center load was concentrated in 15 states, led by
Virginia and Texas.
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Modularity and flexibility are key elements in allowing for a data center to grow and change over time. Data center modules are pre-engineered, standardized building blocks that can be easily configured and moved as needed.
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usually deployed in data centers, Google had achieved a 30% increase in energy efficiency. In 2017, sales for data center hardware built to OCP designs topped $ 1.2 billion and are expected to reach $ 6 billion by 2021.
98:, fire suppression), and various security devices. A large data center is an industrial-scale operation using as much electricity as a small town. Estimated global data center electricity consumption in 2022 was 240–340
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Cold aisle containment is done by exposing the rear of equipment racks, while the fronts of the servers are enclosed with doors and covers. This is similar to how large-scale food companies refrigerate and store their
1289:
expects could double global overall data center demand for electricity between 2022 and 2026. The US could see its share of the electricity market going to data centers increase from 4% to 6% over those four years.
1448:, and so on. Also common are monitoring systems for the network and some of the applications. Additional off-site monitoring systems are also typical, in case of a failure of communications inside the data center.
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has been growing for decades in various directions, including new construction big and small along with the creative re-use of existing facilities, like abandoned retail space, old salt mines and war-era bunkers.
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Data centers use a lot of power, consumed by two main usages: The power required to run the actual equipment and then the power required to cool the equipment. Power efficiency reduces the first category.
161:
During the boom of the microcomputer industry, and especially during the 1980s, users started to deploy computers everywhere, in many cases with little or no care about operating requirements. However, as
1716:) running without input or display devices were housed in the old computer rooms. These new "data centers" or "server rooms" were built within company walls, co-located with low-cost networking equipment.
102:, or roughly 1–1.3% of global electricity demand. This excludes energy used for cryptocurrency mining, which was estimated to be around 110 TWh in 2022, or another 0.4% of global electricity demand. The
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Renewable electricity sources are another plus. Thus countries with favorable conditions, such as Canada, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and
Switzerland are trying to attract cloud computing data centers.
438:
OSHA regulations require monitoring of noise levels inside data centers if noise exceeds 85 decibels. The average noise level in server areas of a data center may reach as high as 92-96 dB(A).
240:
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282:, another research company, says data centers older than seven years are obsolete. The growth in data (163 zettabytes by 2025) is one factor driving the need for data centers to modernize.
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205:(CDCs) has been used. Data centers typically cost a lot to build and maintain. Increasingly, the division of these terms has almost disappeared and they are being integrated into the term
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was concerned about the age of the equipment therein. By 2018 concern had shifted once again, this time to the age of the staff: "data center staff are aging faster than the equipment."
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1150:
This information can help to identify optimal positioning of data center equipment. For example, critical servers might be placed in a cool zone that is serviced by redundant AC units.
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Alternatively, a range of underfloor panels can create efficient cold air pathways directed to the raised-floor vented tiles. Either the cold aisle or the hot aisle can be contained.
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for not committing to become carbon neutral. Google and Microsoft now each consume more power than some fairly big countries, surpassing the consumption of more than 100 countries.
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In May 2011, data center research organization Uptime Institute reported that 36 percent of the large companies it surveyed expect to exhaust IT capacity within the next 18 months.
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1021:(2014) of the California Code of Regulations mandates that every newly constructed data center must have some form of airflow containment in place to optimize energy efficiency.
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In 2020, data centers (excluding cryptocurrency mining) and data transmission each used about 1% of world electricity. Although some of this electricity was low carbon, the
435:
Generally speaking, local authorities prefer noise levels at data centers to be "10 dB below the existing night-time background noise level at the nearest residence."
411:
in 1956, and they've "been around since the 1960s", it was the 1970s that made it more common for computer centers to thereby allow cool air to circulate more efficiently.
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emissions, such as in buildings. Data centers are estimated to have been responsible for 0.5% of US greenhouse gas emissions in 2018. Some Chinese companies, such as
3518:
198:(IDCs), which provide enhanced capabilities, such as crossover backup: "If a Bell Atlantic line is cut, we can transfer them to ... to minimize the time of outage."
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Various metrics exist for measuring the data-availability that results from data-center availability beyond 95% uptime, with the top of the scale counting how many
4438:
3775:
2057:
2566:
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This type of analysis uses sophisticated tools and techniques to understand the unique thermal conditions present in each data center—predicting the temperature,
2676:
216:, worldwide data center infrastructure spending reached $ 200 billion in 2021, representing a 6% increase from 2020 despite the economic challenges posed by the
4385:
1325:
Dynamic infrastructure provides the ability to intelligently, automatically and securely move workloads within a data center anytime, anywhere, for migrations,
4410:
4074:
1032:
The focus of measuring and analyzing energy use goes beyond what is used by IT equipment; facility support hardware such as chillers and fans also use energy.
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required a great deal of power and had to be cooled to avoid overheating. Security became important – computers were expensive, and were often used for
5029:
3495:"US Patent Application for DUCTED EXHAUST EQUIPMENT ENCLOSURE Patent Application (Application #20180042143 issued February 8, 2018) - Justia Patents Search"
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are almost always present if the data center is large or contains sensitive information. Fingerprint recognition mantraps are starting to be commonplace.
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1075:, was also saved. In 2016, Google joined the project and published the designs of its 48V DC shallow data center rack. This design had long been part of
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Until the early 1960s, it was primarily the government that used computers, which were large mainframes housed in rooms that today we call data centers.
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publishes quarterly efficiency metrics from its data centers in operation. PUEs of as low as 1.01 have been achieved with two phase immersion cooling.
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2726:
2491:
1895:
3146:
5206:
4289:
3047:
2166:"Volume of data/information created, captured, copied, and consumed worldwide from 2010 to 2020, with forecasts from 2021 to 2025 (in zettabytes)"
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3805:
472:
Local building codes may govern the minimum ceiling heights and other parameters. Some of the considerations in the design of data centers are:
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4712:
4530:
3829:
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3291:
5128:
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Smart Community: AISC 2020, 17–18 December, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
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used up 2% of US electricity in 2023. This has led to increased electricity prices, particularly in regions with lots of data centers like
745:
and back to the cooling units or to outside vents. With this configuration, traditional hot/cold aisle configuration is not a requirement.
4343:
2003:
1949:
811:
ing, using high pressure to create extremely small water droplets, which can be used in sensitive rooms due to the nature of the droplets.
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to double to 35 gigawatts (GW) by 2030, up from 17 GW in 2022. As of 2023, the U.S. accounts for roughly 40 percent of the global market.
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2708:
2595:
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212:
The global data center market saw steady growth in the 2010s, with a notable acceleration in the latter half of the decade. According to
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3072:
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Thermal zone mapping uses sensors and computer modeling to create a three-dimensional image of the hot and cool zones in a data center.
4578:
3634:
J. Koomey, C. Belady, M. Patterson, A. Santos, K.D. Lange: Assessing Trends Over Time in Performance, Costs, and Energy Use for Servers
3347:
3256:
2945:
1686:
Old large computer rooms that housed machines like the U.S. Army's ENIAC, which were developed pre-1960 (1945), are now referred to as
106:
projects that data center electric use could double between 2022 and 2026. High demand for electricity from data centers, including by
4984:
Mohammad Noormohammadpour; Cauligi Raghavendra (July 16, 2018). "Datacenter Traffic Control: Understanding Techniques and Tradeoffs".
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would be eliminated. The data center site could still use AC power as a grid-as-a-backup solution. DC data centers could be 10% more
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5322:
5297:- Data centre energy efficiency guidelines, extensive online training material, case studies/lectures (under events page), and tools.
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3121:
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3250:
Clark, Jeffrey. "The Price of Data Center Availability—How much availability do you need?", Oct. 12, 2011, The Data Center Journal
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Residents living near data centers have described the sound as "a high-pitched whirring noise 24/7", saying “It’s like being on a
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2522:'Friends don't let friends build data centers,' said Charles Phillips, chief executive officer of Infor, a business software maker
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Electrical engineering infrastructure design - utility service planning; distribution, switching and bypass from power sources;
302:
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174:, made it possible to use a hierarchical design that put the servers in a specific room inside the company. The use of the term
1973:
795:, there still exist systems that can be used in the rest of the facility or in cold/hot aisle air circulation systems that are
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to be near population centers. Arctic locations that can use outside air, which provides cooling, are becoming more popular.
166:
started to grow in complexity, organizations grew aware of the need to control IT resources. The availability of inexpensive
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Bullock, Michael. "Computation Fluid Dynamics - Hot topic at Data Center World," Transitional Data Services, March 18, 2010.
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Niles, Susan. "Standardization and Modularity in Data Center Physical Infrastructure," 2011, Schneider Electric, page 4.
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Having the customer write the data to a physical medium, such as magnetic tape, and then transporting the tape elsewhere.
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5279:- Research, development, demonstration, and deployment of energy-efficient technologies and practices for data centers
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2723:"Ritter, Ted. Nemertes Research, "Securing the Data-Center Transformation Aligning Security and Data-Center Dynamics""
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the number of data centers as of 2016 had grown beyond 3 million USA-wide, and more than triple that number worldwide
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are sometimes used to ensure instantaneous switchover from one supply to the other in the event of a power failure.
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have developed mobile/modular solutions that can be installed and made operational in a very short amount of time.
4309:"Bouley, Dennis (editor). "Impact of Virtualization on Data Center Physical Infrastructure," The Green grid, 2010"
3384:
945:(PUE), calculated as the ratio of total power entering the data center divided by the power used by IT equipment.
351:(both physical and virtual) often includes replacing aging data center equipment, and is aided by standardization.
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indirect cooling, such as using outside air, Indirect Evaporative Cooling (IDEC) units, and also using sea water.
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Typical cold aisle configuration with server rack fronts facing each other and cold air distributed through the
6000:
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Raised floor cabling, both for security reasons and to avoid the extra cost of cooling systems over the racks.
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In a world of rapidly increasing carbon emissions from the ICT industry, Norway offers a sustainable solution
4255:
Rabih Bashroush; Eoin Woods (2017). "Architectural Principles for Energy-Aware Internet-Scale Applications".
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Securing: Protection of virtual systems is integrated with the existing security of physical infrastructures.
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2488:"Tang, Helen. "Three Signs it's time to transform your data center," August 3, 2010, Data Center Knowledge"
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that transport traffic between the servers and to the outside world which are connected according to the
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with an airplane engine running constantly ... Except that the airplane keeps idling and never leaves.”
178:, as applied to specially designed computer rooms, started to gain popular recognition about this time.
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114:, has also increased strain on local electric grids and increased electricity prices in some markets.
5125:
Ibrahim, Rosdiazli; Porkumaran, K.; Kannan, Ramani; Nor, Nursyarizal Mohd; Prabakar, S. (2022-11-13).
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purposes. Basic design guidelines for controlling access to the computer room were therefore devised.
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3484:, John Niemann, Kevin Brown, and Victor Avelar, APC by Schneider Electric White Paper 135, Revision 1
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A bank of batteries in a large data center, used to provide power until diesel generators can start
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3453:"Stulz announced it has begun manufacturing In Row server cooling units under the name "CyberRow""
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of the internet connection is often provided by using two or more upstream service providers (see
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4790:"US electricity prices rise again as AI, onshoring may mean decades of power demand growth: BofA"
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2058:"Commercial Property/Engine Room for the Internet; Combining a Data Center With a 'Telco Hotel'"
990:{\displaystyle \mathrm {PUE} ={{\mbox{Total Facility Power}} \over {\mbox{IT Equipment Power}}}}
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data center .. a giant .. facility .. 15 of these buildings, and six more .. under construction
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4843:"A.I. Power Shortage. Plus, Oil & Gas Stock Picks - Barron's Streetwise Barron's Podcasts"
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366:, release management, and compliance is needed, not just when facing fewer skilled IT workers.
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4936:"Software-defined load-balanced data center: design, implementation and performance analysis"
2285:"Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption"
2260:"Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption"
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803:
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Smaller/less expensive data centers may use anti-static tiles instead for a flooring surface.
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4591:"Direct Current (DC) Power | Center of Expertise for Energy Efficiency in Data Centers"
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4765:"The electricity demands of data centers are making it harder to build new homes in London"
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was the most popular, until the negative effects of producing and using it were discovered.
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Directly transferring the data to another site during the backup, using appropriate links.
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An operation engineer overseeing a network operations control room of a data center (2006)
8:
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4652:"AI's Energy Demands Are Out of Control. Welcome to the Internet's Hyper-Consumption Era"
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641:, all elements of the electrical systems, including backup systems, are typically given
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Edge Learning for Distributed Big Data Analytics: Theory, Algorithms, and System Design
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4738:"When cryptomining comes to town: High electricity use spillovers to the local economy"
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The European Union also has a similar initiative: EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres.
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2313:"Mukhar, Nicholas. "HP Updates Data Center Transformation Solutions," August 17, 2011"
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Provide hosted applications for a third party to provide services to their customers
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There was considerable construction of data centers during the early 2000s, in the
1648:
1564:
1418:
Some of the servers at the data center are used for running the basic internet and
1388:
1299:
843:
Physical access is usually restricted. Layered security often starts with fencing,
695:
627:
596:
589:
496:
Mechanical engineering infrastructure - heating, ventilation and air conditioning (
290:
228:
134:
Data centers have their roots in the huge computer rooms of the 1940s, typified by
95:
48:
3519:"Airflow Management Basics – Comparing Containment Systems • Data Center Frontier"
1471:
Onsite is traditional, and one of its major advantages is immediate availability.
528:: The costs of avoiding downtime should not exceed the cost of the downtime itself
5955:
5905:
5772:
5722:
5712:
5331:
4821:
4442:
4296:
3806:"Google and Microsoft now each consume more power than some fairly big countries"
2850:
2800:
2657:
1263:
1238:
875:
784:
are usually installed to provide early warning of a fire at its incipient stage.
781:
777:
765:
742:
654:
3494:
1063:
and enabled the use of fans that moved more air with less energy. By not buying
347:
Standardization/consolidation: Reducing the number of data centers and avoiding
5840:
5757:
5667:
5471:
5411:
5007:
4954:
4043:
4026:
3733:
3708:
2143:"Gartner Says Worldwide Data Center Infrastructure Spending to Grow 6% in 2021"
1809:
1726:
1546:
1514:
1400:
1359:
1231:
1219:
856:
792:
336:
182:
3548:"Data Center Fire Suppression Systems: What Facility Managers Should Consider"
3301:
3166:
1285:
boom of the 2020's has also led to increased demand for electricity, that the
614:
289:
is not new: concern about obsolete equipment was decried in 2007, and in 2011
6047:
5815:
5662:
5652:
5637:
5614:
5562:
5519:
5436:
5421:
5182:
Research Anthology on Edge Computing Protocols, Applications, and Integration
4962:
4663:
4386:
Canada Called Prime Real Estate for Massive Data Computers - Globe & Mail
3752:
3151:
3023:"Prince William residents complain of "catastrophic noise" from data centers"
2398:
1422:
services needed by internal users in the organization, e.g., e-mail servers,
1072:
926:
796:
773:
442:
286:
223:
The latter part of the 2010s and early 2020s saw a significant shift towards
163:
79:
63:, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house
4983:
4226:"HP Shows Companies How to Integrate Energy Management and Carbon Reduction"
4002:
Designing Green Networks and Network Operations: Saving Run-the-Engine Costs
2098:
2085:
126:
5985:
5945:
5845:
5835:
5737:
5589:
5579:
5539:
4794:
4713:"Power-hungry AI data centers are raising electric bills and blackout risk"
4468:
2782:"Raised Floor Info | Tips for Ordering Replacement Raised Floor Tiles"
1870:
1746:
1709:
1423:
1278:
1213:
852:
738:
716:
493:
Other considerations - Space, power, cooling, and costs in the data center.
404:
387:
139:
107:
91:
4027:"A Comprehensive Reasoning Framework for Hardware Refresh in Data Centres"
3593:
Systems and methods for controlling an electronic lock for a remote device
3570:
2996:"In Northern Virginia, a Coming Data Center Boom Sounds a Community Alarm"
2896:
Designing a total data solution: technology, implementation and deployment
2828:"HVAC: The Challenge And Benefits of Under Floor Air Distribution Systems"
378:
319:
Provide data center based applications directly to the carrier's customers
5870:
5677:
4847:
3253:"Data Center Outsourcing in India projected to grow according to Gartner"
1633:
1628:
1457:
1412:
1270:
scenarios to create high-temperature water outputs from the data center.
1246:
1223:
1080:
1068:
1013:
816:
723:
631:
487:
Size - one room of a building, one or more floors, or an entire building,
310:
NEBS Requirements for Telecommunications Data Center Equipment and Spaces
3743:
2535:"This Wave of Data Center Consolidation is Different from the First One"
606:
circuits to melt, causing connections to loosen, causing fire hazards.
448:
External sources of noise include HVAC equipment and energy generators.
5990:
5975:
5935:
5875:
5792:
5762:
5742:
5727:
5697:
5682:
5599:
4870:"Method for Dynamic Information Technology Infrastructure Provisioning"
4397:
4268:
3317:"Standardization and Modularity in Data Center Physical Infrastructure"
2426:"TIA-942 Certified Data Centers - Consultants - Auditors - TIA-942.org"
1060:
930:
674:
340:
147:
3898:"Immersion cooling firm LiquidStack launches as a stand-alone company"
2893:
2339:"Sperling, Ed. "Next-Generation Data Centers," Forbes, March 15. 2010"
1067:
servers, energy consumption due to unnecessary expansion slots on the
815:
However, there also exist other means to put out fires, especially in
414:
The first purpose of the raised floor was to allow access for wiring.
260:
Modernization and data center transformation enhances performance and
32:
5940:
5900:
5880:
5850:
5797:
5752:
5707:
5657:
5609:
5574:
5557:
5552:
3048:"Chicago residents complain of noise from Digital Realty data center"
2447:
1486:
1308:
1052:
824:
252:
27:
Building or room used to house computer servers and related equipment
5247:
Srivastava, Gautam; Ghosh, Uttam; Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei (2023-06-24).
3707:
Siddik, Md Abu Bakar; Shehabi, Arman; Marston, Landon (2021-05-21).
3438:"Cable tray systems support cables' journey through the data center"
1371:
941:
The most commonly used energy efficiency metric for data centers is
5910:
5717:
5647:
5584:
5567:
5546:
5451:
5030:"Protecting Data Without Blowing The Budget, Part 1: Onsite Backup"
4998:
4398:
Finland - First Choice for Siting Your Cloud Computing Data Center.
1618:
1419:
1164:
1048:
397:
355:
2012. Gartner views virtualization as a catalyst for modernization.
325:
Provide a combination of these and similar data center applications
190:
155:
64:
60:
5300:
3709:"The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States"
3191:"Romonet Offers Predictive Modeling Tool For Data Center Planning"
3097:"Data Center Soundproofing and Noise Control- Reduce Server Noise"
2634:"Carousel's Expert Walks Through Major Benefits of Virtualization"
1974:"Types of Data Centers | How do you Choose the Right Data Center?"
1489:
copy of the data offsite. Methods used for transporting data are:
1092:
925:, have pledged to be carbon neutral by 2030, while others such as
511:
5970:
5950:
5920:
5915:
5747:
5732:
5672:
5604:
5524:
5496:
4817:"Utility bills are getting cheaper, but AI could spoil the party"
4736:
Benetton, Matteo; Compiani, Giovanni; Morse, Adair (2023-08-12).
3296:
3171:
3073:"Chandler to consider banning data centers amid noise complaints"
1771:
instead of chillers/air conditioners, resulting in energy savings
1623:
1291:
1136:
922:
844:
734:
691:
500:); humidification and dehumidification equipment; pressurization.
279:
213:
186:
4493:"Singapore authorities invite applications for new data centers"
3830:"Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency"
1379:
711:
94:, data communication connections, environmental controls (e.g.,
5995:
5965:
5930:
5895:
5890:
5787:
5782:
5702:
5529:
5034:
1545:
user-facing, front end applications. They are commonly used in
1002:
278:(IDC) puts the average age of a data center at nine years old.
5096:"Iron Mountain introduces cloud backup and management service"
2873:. The Auerbach Best Practices Series. CRC Press. p. 227.
2846:"Premier 100 Q&A: HP's CIO sees 'lights-out' data centers"
2192:"Leading countries by number of data centers as of March 2024"
1950:"AI and crypto mining are driving up data centers' energy use"
1124:
753:
733:
Another option is fitting cabinets with vertical exhaust duct
392:
A raised floor standards guide named GR-2930 was developed by
256:
Racks of telecommunications equipment in part of a data center
5980:
5885:
5767:
5285:- FAQ: 380VDC testing and demonstration at a Sun data center.
5179:
Resources, Management Association, Information (2022-04-01).
5082:"PTAM - Pickup Truck Access Method (disaster recovery slang)"
4742:
1549:
and other areas where low latency data processing is needed.
1387:
Communications in data centers today are most often based on
1355:
1262:). This combination of technologies allows the creation of a
757:
135:
36:
4903:"Computation on Demand: The Promise of Dynamic Provisioning"
4688:"How AI Is Fueling a Boom in Data Centers and Energy Demand"
1040:, with cooling representing 35% to 45% of the data center's
5294:
3910:
Commentary on introduction of Energy Star for Data Centers
3835:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR Program.
1097:
808:
497:
150:(installed overhead or under the elevated floor). A single
99:
5124:
4917:"Just What the Heck Is Composable Infrastructure, Anyway?"
3678:"Big Tech races to clean up act as cloud energy use grows"
2610:
2608:
1218:
Direct current data centers are data centers that produce
867:, so that locks are networked through the same appliance.
737:. Hot exhaust pipes/vents/ducts can direct the air into a
475:
5250:
Security and Risk Analysis for Intelligent Edge Computing
4254:
2871:
Complete book of remote access: connectivity and security
2548:
2425:
1742:"Data Centers Turn to Outsourcing to Meet Capacity Needs"
1438:
408:
5295:
The European Commission H2020 EURECA Data Centre Project
4627:"Amid explosive demand, America is running out of power"
3652:"Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks – Analysis"
1828:"Cloud Computing Brings Sprawling Centers, but Few Jobs"
1105:
salt deposits on conductive filaments in the circuitry.
1036:
demand and consume $ 20,000,000 in electricity over its
316:
Operate and manage a carrier's telecommunication network
3567:"19 Ways to Build Physical Security Into a Data Center"
3377:"tw telecom and NYSERDA Announce Co-location Expansion"
2605:
2394:"Data center staff are aging faster than the equipment"
2380:"Data centers are aging, unsuited for new technologies"
1792:"An Oregon Mill Town Learns to Love Facebook and Apple"
653:
power feeds. This arrangement is often made to achieve
247:
224:
5050:"Iron Mountain vs Amazon Glacier: Total Cost Analysis"
3776:"Tencent pledges to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030"
2470:"GR-3160 - Telecommunications Data Center - Telcordia"
979:
972:
170:
equipment, coupled with new standards for the network
5226:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 17.
4735:
4579:
Could DC win the new data center War of the Currents?
4340:"HP Thermal Zone Mapping plots data center hot spots"
3482:
Hot-Aisle vs. Cold-Aisle Containment for Data Centers
2086:"Workload-Aware Request Routing in Cloud Data Center"
1810:"Google announces London cloud computing data centre"
1433:
Network security elements are also usually deployed:
1383:
An example of network infrastructure of a data center
954:
694:
management addresses the need to improve data center
296:
5291:- Property Taxes: The New Challenge for Data Centers
5079:What IBM calls "PTAM: Pickup Truck Access Method."
3706:
1230:. Computers run on direct current and the need for
4556:"4 Proposals Selected from Data Centre Application"
2946:"That sound you hear? The next data center problem"
1027:
537:
Often, power availability is the hardest to change.
5246:
3676:
3414:"EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF UPS TECHNOLOGY"
2898:. Auerbach Best Practices. CRC Press. p. 24.
1875:"Dell Sees Double With Data Center in a Container"
989:
4365:"Fjord-cooled DC in Norway claims to be greenest"
3852:. Silicon Valley Leadership Group. Archived from
3144:
3122:"Your "cloud" data is making noise on the ground"
2894:Roxanne E. Burkey; Charles V. Breakfield (2000).
2868:
2825:
2709:"Gartner: Virtualization Disrupts Server Vendors"
2650:
936:
645:, and critical servers are connected to both the
519:
6045:
4411:"Stockholm sets sights on data center customers"
4189:
4175:"HP's Green Data Center Portfolio Keeps Growing"
4109:
4107:
2307:
2305:
465:a 65-story data center has already been proposed
5220:Furht, Borko; Escalante, Armando (2011-12-09).
4933:
4024:
3564:
3399:"Air to air combat - indirect air cooling wars"
3363:"HP says prefab data center cuts costs in half"
3278:"Five tips on selecting a data center location"
1302:. Data centers have also generated concerns in
1273:
490:Capacity - can hold up to or past 1,000 servers
5219:
5158:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–13.
4098:"OCP Summit: Google joins and shares 48V tech"
3913:"Introducing EPA ENERGY STAR for Data Centers"
3348:"Strategies for the Containerized Data Center"
3214:
3212:
2090:Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics
2033:
2001:
1195:
787:Although the main room usually does not allow
5316:
4531:"Singapore to free up 300MW for data centres"
4507:"BCA-IMDA Green Mark for Data Centres Scheme"
4139:
4104:
3999:
2596:"Top reasons to upgrade vintage data centers"
2302:
2235:"Investing in the rising data center economy"
2210:"Investing in the rising data center economy"
2120:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1115:
1087:
565:
329:
5205:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2514:"the Era of Great Data Center Consolidation"
2055:
2051:
2049:
1869:
673:Data cabling can be routed through overhead
664:
90:or backup components and infrastructure for
4986:IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
4455:Swiss Carbon-Neutral Servers Hit the Cloud.
4113:
4095:
4068:
3822:
3292:"IBM zEnterprise EC12 Business Value Video"
3209:
3167:"Google container data center tour (video)"
2798:
2748:"GR-2930 - NEBS: Raised Floor Requirements"
2653:"The New urgency for Server Virtualization"
2616:"Complexity: Growing Data Center Challenge"
1893:
1125:Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis
907:
6089:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
5323:
5309:
4133:
4064:
4062:
4031:IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing
3915:. Jack Pouchet. 2010-09-27. Archived from
3803:
2444:"Telecommunications Standards Development"
1990:
1739:
130:NASA mission control computer room c. 1962
5178:
4997:
4934:Montazerolghaem, Ahmadreza (2020-07-13).
4469:"Singapore Data Centers & Colocation"
4042:
3878:"Efficiency: How we do it – Data centers"
3742:
3732:
2943:
2097:
2046:
1639:Server Room Environment Monitoring System
1485:Data backup techniques include having an
1474:
1366:
1314:
4710:
4605:"Data Center Cooling with Heat Recovery"
3450:
3360:
3070:
2993:
2289:Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
2264:Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
2029:
2027:
2025:
1513:
1378:
1370:
1163:
1091:
874:
752:
710:
613:
584:
510:
479:A typical server rack, commonly seen in
474:
377:
251:
241:Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
125:
31:
5283:DC Power For Data Centers Of The Future
4762:
4223:
4059:
3614:"Data Center Energy Consumption Trends"
3411:Detailed explanation of UPS topologies
2363:"IDC white paper, sponsored by Seagate"
1887:
1451:
1307:significant contributor to electricity
1226:and store the electricity on site in a
1142:
776:elements, as well as implementation of
303:Telecommunications Industry Association
181:A boom of data centers came during the
14:
6046:
4882:
4787:
4681:
4679:
4649:
4624:
4172:
4077:from the original on November 29, 2023
3943:. iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Archived from
3674:
3636:Released on the web August 17th, 2009.
3119:
2918:
2759:
2757:
2682:. Intrinsic Technology. Archived from
1784:
1727:period of expanding dot-com businesses
1503:
1329:, to enhance performance, or building
164:information technology (IT) operations
6054:Applications of distributed computing
5304:
5151:
4224:Kathryn, Siranosian (April 5, 2011).
3941:"EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres"
3773:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3220:"BICSI News Magazine - May/June 2010"
3045:
3020:
2651:Stephen Delahunty (August 15, 2011).
2406:from the original on December 7, 2023
2022:
2004:"Data Center Evolution: 1960 to 2000"
1947:
1168:This water-cooled data center in the
1153:
622:Backup power consists of one or more
451:
358:Automating: Automating tasks such as
6026:
5223:Handbook of Data Intensive Computing
5152:Guo, Song; Qu, Zhihao (2022-02-10).
5102:. September 14, 2017. Archived from
4685:
4560:Infocomm Media Development Authority
4511:Infocomm Media Development Authority
3147:"Envisioning a 65-story data center"
3145:Patrick Thibodeau (April 12, 2016).
2921:"Acoustic Barriers for Data Centres"
1943:
1941:
1939:
1536:
1499:Uploading the data "into the cloud".
1010:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
702:
543:
248:Requirements for modern data centers
5330:
4676:
4071:"What is the Open Compute Project?"
2968:
2754:
1896:"Power, Pollution and the Internet"
1456:Non-mutually exclusive options for
1071:and unneeded components, such as a
609:
67:and associated components, such as
24:
4466:
4185:from the original on Oct 25, 2020.
3639:
2765:"Data Center Raised Floor History"
2189:
2163:
2083:
2002:Angela Bartels (August 31, 2011).
1894:James Glanz (September 22, 2012).
962:
959:
956:
748:
297:Meeting standards for data centers
25:
6105:
5442:Distributed file system for cloud
5371:Integration platform as a service
5270:
4883:Meyler, Kerrie (April 29, 2008).
2944:Thibodeau, Patrick (2007-07-31).
2474:telecom-info.njdepot.ericsson.net
2121:Quentin Hardy (October 4, 2011).
1936:
592:and humidity are controlled via:
143:
6079:Distributed data storage systems
6025:
6014:
6013:
5240:
5213:
5172:
5145:
5131:. Springer Nature. p. 461.
5118:
5088:
5073:
5042:
5022:
4977:
4927:
4909:
4895:
4876:
4862:
4835:
4814:
4808:
4781:
4756:
4729:
4704:
4643:
4618:
4597:
4583:
4572:
4548:
4523:
4499:
4485:
4460:
4448:
4429:
4403:
4391:
4379:
4357:
4332:
4301:
4283:
4248:
4217:
4166:
4089:
4018:
3993:
3958:
3933:
3238:"Hedging Your Data Center Power"
3179:from the original on 2021-11-04.
2994:Weisbrod, Katelyn (2023-02-10).
2677:"HVD: the cloud's silver lining"
2034:Cynthia Harvey (July 10, 2017).
1708:In the 1990s, network-connected
1600:Microsoft underwater data center
1405:data center network architecture
1395:. Data centers contain a set of
1028:Energy use analysis and projects
900:and account for over 10% of the
5253:. Springer Nature. p. 17.
4788:Walton, Robert (July 8, 2024).
4711:Petersen, Melody (2024-08-12).
4650:Rogers, Reece (July 11, 2024).
3904:
3890:
3870:
3839:
3797:
3767:
3700:
3689:from the original on 2022-12-10
3668:
3627:
3606:
3584:
3569:. Csoonline.com. Archived from
3558:
3540:
3511:
3487:
3475:
3444:
3430:
3405:
3391:
3369:
3354:
3340:
3308:
3284:
3270:
3244:
3230:
3193:. June 29, 2011. Archived from
3183:
3159:
3138:
3113:
3089:
3077:ABC15 Arizona in Phoenix (KNXV)
3064:
3039:
3014:
2987:
2962:
2937:
2912:
2887:
2862:
2854:. March 6, 2006. Archived from
2838:
2819:
2792:
2774:
2740:
2715:
2701:
2669:
2644:
2626:
2588:
2559:
2541:
2527:
2506:
2480:
2462:
2436:
2418:
2386:
2372:
2355:
2331:
2277:
2252:
2227:
2202:
2183:
2157:
2135:
2114:
2077:
1966:
1765:
1732:
1719:
1702:
1693:
1680:
1252:
430:
373:
335:standardization/consolidation,
6001:Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand
4686:Chow, Andrew R. (2024-06-12).
4203:, Nov 29, 2010, archived from
4173:Needle, David (25 July 2007).
4140:David Garrett (July 9, 2004),
4069:Peter Sayer (March 28, 2018).
3713:Environmental Research Letters
3565:Sarah D. Scalet (2005-11-01).
3361:Niccolai, James (2010-07-27).
2123:"A Data Center Power Solution"
1912:
1863:
1843:
1820:
1802:
1667:
1172:, France claims the attribute
1079:. By eliminating the multiple
937:Energy efficiency and overhead
624:uninterruptible power supplies
520:Design criteria and trade-offs
276:International Data Corporation
13:
1:
4763:Vincent, James (2022-07-28).
4197:"How to Choose a Data Center"
4096:Peter Judge (March 9, 2016).
3847:"Data Center Energy Forecast"
3120:Bosker, Bianca (2019-12-06).
3071:Phillips, Mark (2021-11-30).
2919:Clarke, Renaud (2020-07-01).
2056:John Holusha (May 14, 2000).
1948:Calma, Justine (2024-01-24).
1920:"Data centres & networks"
1778:
1228:battery storage power station
870:
791:due to the fragile nature of
417:
382:Perforated cooling floor tile
3966:"UNICOM Global :: Home"
3675:Kantor, Alice (2021-05-18).
3525:. 2017-07-27. Archived from
3383:. 2009-09-14. Archived from
2567:"Stop Virtual Server Sprawl"
1851:"From Manhattan to Montvale"
1520:Portable Modular Data Center
1274:Impact on electricity prices
1131:Computational fluid dynamics
505:uninterruptible power source
7:
5366:Infrastructure as a service
4625:Halper, Evan (2024-03-07).
4123:, Disaster Recovery Journal
4100:. DCD Data center Dynamics.
3616:. U.S. Department of Energy
3046:Judge, Peter (2022-07-27).
3021:Judge, Peter (2022-07-19).
1552:
1446:intrusion detection systems
1196:Direct current data centers
855:surveillance and permanent
832:
686:
10:
6110:
5185:. IGI Global. p. 55.
5008:10.1109/comst.2017.2782753
4955:10.1007/s10586-020-03134-x
4457:. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
4400:. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
4044:10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2795465
3774:James, Greg (2022-03-01).
3101:DDS Acoustical Specialties
2971:"Data Center Noise Levels"
2869:Victor Kasacavage (2002).
2826:Steven Spinazzola (2005).
2786:www.accessfloorsystems.com
1644:Telecommunications network
1507:
1478:
1318:
1249:for inverting components.
1210:Switched-mode power supply
1199:
1157:
1128:
1116:Energy efficiency analysis
1110:power and cooling analysis
1088:Power and cooling analysis
1017:efficiently. California's
888:
836:
569:
566:Modularity and flexibility
547:
407:computer room was made by
385:
330:Data center transformation
274:Industry research company
121:
6009:
5826:Abiquo Enterprise Edition
5806:
5628:
5510:
5404:
5338:
3804:Craig Hale (2024-07-15).
2805:. John Wiley & Sons.
1610:Network operations center
1542:Micro data centers (MDCs)
1529:, several large hardware
943:power usage effectiveness
665:Low-voltage cable routing
526:Availability expectations
239:A study published by the
6084:Distributed data storage
5462:Native cloud application
4885:"The Dynamic Datacenter"
4388:Retrieved June 29, 2011.
4295:January 3, 2012, at the
4025:Rabih Bashroush (2018).
4004:. CRC Press. p. 5.
3734:10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1
1978:Maysteel Industries, LLC
1660:
1595:Internet hosting service
1525:For quick deployment or
1481:Off-site data protection
1260:server immersion cooling
1065:commercial off-the-shelf
929:have been criticized by
908:Greenhouse gas emissions
904:(TCO) of a data center.
865:power distribution units
821:Gaseous fire suppression
780:programs in operations.
659:Static transfer switches
639:single points of failure
626:, battery banks, and/or
507:(UPS) systems; and more.
86:, it generally includes
5986:Virtual Machine Manager
5447:Hardware virtualization
4445:Retrieved 1 March 2016.
3451:Mike Fox (2012-02-15).
2099:10.1109/JSEE.2015.00020
1590:Internet exchange point
1393:Internet protocol suite
1296:Santa Clara, California
1283:artificial intelligence
1202:Power distribution unit
1055:and others founded the
1042:total cost of ownership
902:total cost of ownership
112:artificial intelligence
5457:Mobile cloud computing
5427:Cloud storage gateways
5417:Cloud-native computing
4612:StockholmDataParks.com
4117:Choosing a Data Center
4000:Daniel Minoli (2011).
2571:IBMsystemsMagazine.com
1580:Dynamic infrastructure
1570:Data center management
1522:
1475:Offsite backup storage
1384:
1376:
1367:Network infrastructure
1337:Side benefits include
1321:Dynamic infrastructure
1315:Dynamic infrastructure
1177:
1101:
991:
886:
789:Wet Pipe-based Systems
761:
760:fire suppression tanks
719:
619:
516:
483:
394:Telcordia Technologies
383:
257:
131:
40:
5502:Virtual private cloud
5396:Software as a service
5391:Security as a service
5386:Platform as a service
5361:Function as a service
5277:Lawrence Berkeley Lab
2620:Data Center Knowledge
2520:. February 16, 2017.
1517:
1382:
1374:
1167:
1095:
992:
896:costs are a dominant
878:
764:Data centers feature
756:
714:
617:
585:Environmental control
514:
478:
381:
255:
196:internet data centers
129:
35:
5482:Serverless computing
5381:Network as a service
5376:Backend as a service
5356:Desktop as a service
5346:Content as a service
5106:on February 18, 2024
4152:(28), archived from
4142:"Heat Of The Moment"
4114:Joe Cosmano (2009),
3523:Data Center Frontier
3350:. September 8, 2011.
2802:Data Center Handbook
2799:Hwaiyu Geng (2014).
2382:. December 10, 2007.
1873:(December 8, 2008).
1675:spelling differences
1615:Open Compute Project
1605:Neher–McGrath method
1452:Software/data backup
1268:temperature chaining
1206:Inspur Server Series
1143:Thermal zone mapping
1057:Open Compute Project
974:Total Facility Power
952:
891:IT energy management
839:Data center security
558:can be placed after
268:Information security
142:to mount equipment,
57:Commonwealth English
6094:Servers (computing)
6064:Computer networking
5821:Amazon Web Services
5643:Amazon Web Services
4614:. January 23, 2017.
3725:2021ERL....16f4017S
3001:Inside Climate News
2711:. December 2, 2008.
2638:technews.tmcnet.com
2537:. February 8, 2018.
2450:on November 6, 2011
2402:. August 30, 2018.
2010:on October 24, 2018
1836:. August 27, 2016.
1654:Web hosting service
1510:Modular data center
1504:Modular data center
1346:business continuity
1239:power from the grid
1077:Google data centers
768:systems, including
572:Modular data center
403:Although the first
308:Telcordia GR-3160,
84:business continuity
5778:SAP Cloud Platform
5487:Structured storage
5038:. October 4, 2018.
4441:2020-10-29 at the
4367:. 23 December 2011
4269:10.1109/MS.2017.60
4236:on August 22, 2018
3499:patents.justia.com
3197:on August 23, 2011
2689:on October 2, 2012
2494:on August 10, 2011
2319:on August 12, 2012
2128:The New York Times
2063:The New York Times
1900:The New York Times
1880:The New York Times
1856:The New York Times
1833:The New York Times
1796:The New York Times
1585:Electrical network
1523:
1385:
1377:
1178:
1170:Port of Strasbourg
1154:Green data centers
1102:
987:
983:
981:IT Equipment Power
976:
887:
884:The Dalles, Oregon
880:Google Data Center
762:
722:Computer cabinets/
720:
620:
517:
484:
458:data center design
452:Data center design
396:, a subsidiary of
384:
258:
203:cloud data centers
172:structured cabling
132:
69:telecommunications
41:
39:data center (2014)
6041:
6040:
5693:Google App Engine
5492:Virtual appliance
5351:Data as a service
5260:978-3-031-28150-1
5233:978-1-4614-1414-8
5192:978-1-6684-5701-6
5165:978-1-108-83237-3
5138:978-981-16-2183-3
4943:Cluster Computing
4717:Los Angeles Times
4417:on 19 August 2010
2858:on July 12, 2019.
2832:FacilitiesNet.com
2239:McKinsey & Co
2214:McKinsey & Co
1859:. April 20, 1986.
1575:Disaster recovery
1560:Colocation centre
1537:Micro data center
1527:disaster recovery
1350:high availability
1304:Northern Virginia
1160:Green data center
985:
982:
975:
898:operating expense
804:Sprinkler systems
703:Aisle containment
669:Options include:
550:High availability
544:High availability
362:, configuration,
262:energy efficiency
218:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
6101:
6029:
6028:
6017:
6016:
5961:Safe Swiss Cloud
5325:
5318:
5311:
5302:
5301:
5265:
5264:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5204:
5196:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5055:. Archived from
5054:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5001:
4992:(2): 1492–1525.
4981:
4975:
4974:
4940:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4923:. July 14, 2016.
4913:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4815:Mott, Filip De.
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4609:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4413:. Archived from
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4342:. Archived from
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4314:. Archived from
4313:
4305:
4299:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4232:. Archived from
4221:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4122:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4073:. NetworkWorld.
4066:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3981:
3975:. Archived from
3970:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3782:. Archived from
3771:
3765:
3764:
3746:
3736:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3680:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3648:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3463:on March 1, 2012
3459:. Archived from
3448:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3419:. Archived from
3418:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3322:. Archived from
3321:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3300:. Archived from
3288:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3255:. Archived from
3248:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3175:. 7 April 2009.
3163:
3157:
3156:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2725:. Archived from
2719:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2661:. Archived from
2648:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2573:. Archived from
2563:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2490:. Archived from
2484:
2478:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2446:. Archived from
2440:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2315:. Archived from
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2190:Petroc, Taylor.
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2164:Petroc, Taylor.
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2006:. Archived from
1999:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1816:. July 13, 2017.
1806:
1800:
1799:
1798:. March 6, 2018.
1788:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1750:. Archived from
1740:James Niccolai.
1736:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1649:Utah Data Center
1565:Computer cooling
1300:upstate New York
996:
994:
993:
988:
986:
984:
980:
977:
973:
970:
965:
819:, usually using
696:computer cooling
657:in the systems.
643:redundant copies
610:Electrical power
597:Air conditioning
515:CRAC Air Handler
291:Uptime Institute
229:machine learning
96:air conditioning
82:are crucial for
65:computer systems
49:American English
21:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6074:Data management
6044:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6005:
5956:Rackspace Cloud
5906:Microsoft Azure
5802:
5723:Microsoft Azure
5624:
5506:
5400:
5339:Business models
5334:
5332:Cloud computing
5329:
5273:
5268:
5261:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5218:
5214:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5150:
5146:
5139:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5028:
5027:
5023:
4982:
4978:
4938:
4932:
4928:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4881:
4877:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4854:
4852:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4827:
4825:
4822:Markets Insider
4813:
4809:
4800:
4798:
4786:
4782:
4773:
4771:
4761:
4757:
4748:
4746:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4709:
4705:
4696:
4694:
4684:
4677:
4668:
4666:
4648:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4631:Washington Post
4623:
4619:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4573:
4564:
4562:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4540:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4515:
4513:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4477:
4475:
4465:
4461:
4453:
4449:
4443:Wayback Machine
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4349:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4297:Wayback Machine
4288:
4284:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4208:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4171:
4167:
4159:
4157:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4112:
4105:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4067:
4060:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3998:
3994:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3950:
3948:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3768:
3705:
3701:
3692:
3690:
3683:Financial Times
3673:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3224:www.nxtbook.com
3218:
3217:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3143:
3139:
3130:
3128:
3118:
3114:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3004:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2977:
2967:
2963:
2954:
2952:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2867:
2863:
2851:Informationweek
2844:
2843:
2839:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2797:
2793:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2658:InformationWeek
2649:
2645:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2622:. May 16, 2007.
2614:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2430:www.tia-942.org
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2119:
2115:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2054:
2047:
2032:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1892:
1888:
1868:
1864:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1555:
1539:
1512:
1506:
1483:
1477:
1454:
1369:
1323:
1317:
1276:
1264:thermal cascade
1255:
1216:
1198:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1096:Data center at
1090:
1030:
978:
971:
969:
955:
953:
950:
949:
939:
910:
893:
873:
857:security guards
841:
835:
817:Sensitive areas
782:Smoke detectors
778:fire prevention
766:fire protection
751:
749:Fire protection
743:Dropped ceiling
705:
689:
667:
612:
587:
574:
568:
552:
546:
522:
454:
433:
420:
390:
376:
332:
299:
250:
124:
73:storage systems
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6107:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6023:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5808:Infrastructure
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5758:PythonAnywhere
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5668:Cocaine (PaaS)
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5472:Personal cloud
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5412:Cloud database
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5272:
5271:External links
5269:
5267:
5266:
5259:
5239:
5232:
5212:
5191:
5171:
5164:
5144:
5137:
5117:
5087:
5072:
5041:
5021:
4976:
4949:(2): 591–610.
4926:
4908:
4894:
4875:
4861:
4851:. May 17, 2024
4834:
4807:
4780:
4755:
4728:
4703:
4675:
4642:
4617:
4596:
4582:
4571:
4547:
4535:Capacity Media
4522:
4498:
4484:
4459:
4447:
4428:
4402:
4390:
4378:
4356:
4331:
4300:
4282:
4247:
4216:
4207:on Mar 8, 2013
4188:
4165:
4132:
4103:
4088:
4058:
4037:(4): 209–220.
4017:
4010:
3992:
3957:
3932:
3903:
3889:
3869:
3838:
3821:
3796:
3766:
3699:
3667:
3638:
3626:
3605:
3583:
3557:
3539:
3510:
3486:
3474:
3443:
3429:
3426:on 2010-11-22.
3404:
3390:
3387:on 2009-09-26.
3368:
3353:
3339:
3307:
3304:on 2012-08-29.
3283:
3269:
3243:
3229:
3208:
3182:
3158:
3137:
3112:
3088:
3063:
3038:
3013:
2986:
2961:
2936:
2911:
2904:
2886:
2879:
2861:
2837:
2818:
2812:978-1118436639
2811:
2791:
2773:
2753:
2739:
2714:
2700:
2668:
2665:on 2012-04-02.
2643:
2625:
2604:
2587:
2558:
2553:startafire.com
2549:"Start A Fire"
2540:
2526:
2505:
2479:
2461:
2435:
2417:
2385:
2371:
2354:
2330:
2301:
2276:
2251:
2226:
2201:
2182:
2156:
2145:. Gartner, Inc
2134:
2113:
2076:
2045:
2021:
1989:
1965:
1935:
1911:
1886:
1862:
1842:
1819:
1801:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1731:
1718:
1701:
1692:
1679:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:edge computing
1538:
1535:
1508:Main article:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1479:Main article:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1450:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:grid computing
1352:
1342:
1319:Main article:
1316:
1313:
1275:
1272:
1254:
1251:
1220:direct current
1197:
1194:
1158:Main article:
1155:
1152:
1144:
1141:
1129:Main article:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1089:
1086:
1029:
1026:
998:
997:
968:
964:
961:
958:
938:
935:
909:
906:
889:Main article:
872:
869:
837:Main article:
834:
831:
813:
812:
806:
797:closed systems
793:Circuit-boards
750:
747:
704:
701:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
677:
666:
663:
655:N+1 redundancy
611:
608:
603:
602:
599:
586:
583:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
548:Main article:
545:
542:
541:
540:
539:
538:
532:Site selection
529:
521:
518:
509:
508:
501:
494:
491:
488:
470:
469:
466:
453:
450:
432:
429:
419:
416:
386:Main article:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
356:
352:
343:and security.
337:virtualization
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
298:
295:
249:
246:
185:of 1997–2000.
183:dot-com bubble
123:
120:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6106:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Cloud storage
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6034:
6033:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5816:Alibaba Cloud
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:Cloud Foundry
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Alibaba Cloud
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:Dew computing
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5422:Cloud storage
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5326:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5262:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5243:
5235:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5202:
5194:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5175:
5167:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5105:
5101:
5100:Network world
5097:
5091:
5083:
5076:
5062:on 2018-10-28
5058:
5051:
5045:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4890:
4889:Network World
4886:
4879:
4871:
4865:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4732:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4680:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4575:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4494:
4488:
4474:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4451:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4366:
4360:
4346:on 2021-01-26
4345:
4341:
4335:
4321:on 2014-04-29
4317:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4257:IEEE Software
4251:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4156:on 2013-01-31
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4092:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4011:9781439816394
4007:
4003:
3996:
3982:on 2012-12-03
3978:
3974:
3967:
3961:
3947:on 2013-08-11
3946:
3942:
3936:
3922:on 2010-09-25
3918:
3914:
3907:
3899:
3893:
3879:
3873:
3859:on 2011-07-07
3855:
3848:
3842:
3831:
3825:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3786:on 2022-07-11
3785:
3781:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3719:(6): 064017.
3718:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3671:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3573:on 2008-04-21
3572:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3552:Facilitiesnet
3549:
3543:
3529:on 2019-02-19
3528:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3462:
3458:
3457:DataCenterFix
3454:
3447:
3440:. April 2016.
3439:
3433:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3343:
3329:on 2012-04-16
3325:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3259:on 2011-12-03
3258:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3152:Computerworld
3148:
3141:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2951:
2950:Computerworld
2947:
2940:
2926:
2925:IAC Acoustics
2922:
2915:
2907:
2905:0-8493-0893-3
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2880:0-8493-1253-1
2876:
2872:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2729:on 2017-06-25
2728:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2597:
2591:
2577:on 2018-10-23
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2399:Network World
2395:
2389:
2381:
2375:
2364:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2036:"Data Center"
2030:
2028:
2026:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1768:
1754:on 2011-11-15
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1710:minicomputers
1705:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
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1747:CIO magazine
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1688:data centers
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1253:Energy reuse
1224:solar panels
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1214:Off-the-grid
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5678:Engine Yard
5289:White Paper
5110:October 28,
4371:23 December
4240:February 8,
4081:February 3,
3201:February 8,
3126:Marketplace
2454:November 7,
2014:October 24,
1634:Server room
1629:Server farm
1458:data backup
1413:Multihoming
1331:co-location
1266:as part of
1247:floor space
1069:motherboard
1014:Energy Star
823:, of which
799:, such as:
675:cable trays
637:To prevent
632:gas turbine
590:Temperature
207:data center
176:data center
148:cable trays
53:data centre
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18:Data Center
6048:Categories
5991:Wakame-vdc
5976:libguestfs
5936:OpenNebula
5876:GreenQloud
5856:Eucalyptus
5831:CloudStack
5793:vCloud Air
5763:RightScale
5743:OutSystems
5728:MindSphere
5698:GreenQloud
5600:Salesforce
5563:Office 365
5467:Networking
5066:2018-10-28
4999:1712.03530
4855:2024-08-21
4828:2024-08-19
4801:2024-08-19
4774:2024-08-21
4749:2024-08-20
4722:2024-08-19
4697:2024-08-21
4669:2024-08-19
4636:2024-08-19
4565:2024-09-18
4541:2024-09-18
4516:2024-09-18
4478:2024-09-18
4473:baxtel.com
4350:2012-02-08
4325:2012-02-08
4211:2012-07-21
4160:2012-07-21
4127:2012-07-21
3986:2012-02-08
3951:2013-08-30
3926:2010-09-27
3920:(Web site)
3883:2015-01-19
3863:2010-06-10
3815:2024-07-18
3790:2022-03-06
3693:2022-03-06
3661:2022-03-06
3620:2010-06-10
3600:2018-04-25
3577:2013-08-30
3533:2018-04-17
3504:2018-04-17
3333:2012-02-08
3263:2012-02-08
3131:2023-02-11
3106:2023-02-11
3082:2023-02-11
3057:2023-02-11
3032:2023-02-11
3007:2023-02-11
2980:2023-02-11
2955:2023-02-11
2930:2023-02-11
2733:2011-09-09
2693:August 30,
2581:2018-11-01
2348:2013-08-30
2343:Forbes.com
2040:Datamation
1983:2023-10-07
1959:2024-08-21
1929:2023-10-07
1905:2012-09-25
1779:References
1758:2011-09-09
1518:A 40-foot
1409:Redundancy
1200:See also:
1061:heat sinks
931:Greenpeace
871:Energy use
481:colocation
424:lights-out
418:Lights out
341:automation
168:networking
5941:OpenStack
5901:Lunacloud
5881:IBM Cloud
5851:EMC Atmos
5798:WaveMaker
5773:Force.com
5753:OpenShift
5708:IBM Cloud
5688:GE Predix
5658:CloudBolt
5630:Platforms
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5595:Rackspace
5575:Nextcloud
5558:Microsoft
5553:IBM Cloud
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4971:220490312
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4664:1059-1028
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1954:The Verge
1487:encrypted
1435:firewalls
1430:servers.
1354:enabling
1309:inflation
1243:efficient
1232:inverting
1053:Rackspace
1047:In 2011,
825:Halon gas
708:products.
285:Focus on
201:The term
187:Companies
152:mainframe
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5585:Owncloud
5568:OneDrive
5549:(closed)
5547:HP Cloud
5497:Web APIs
5477:Security
5452:Internet
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4848:Barron's
4467:Baxtel.
4439:Archived
4421:4 August
4293:Archived
4183:Archived
4075:Archived
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3780:SupChina
3687:Archived
3177:Archived
2404:Archived
2196:Statista
2170:Statista
2108:59487957
2084:H Yuan.
2069:June 23,
1619:Facebook
1553:See also
1442:gateways
1420:intranet
1401:switches
1389:networks
1281:and the
1049:Facebook
1038:lifetime
1019:Title 24
919:embodied
849:mantraps
845:bollards
833:Security
741:above a
735:chimneys
692:Air flow
687:Air flow
398:Ericsson
364:patching
191:Internet
156:military
61:building
6032:Commons
5971:libvirt
5951:OrionVM
5921:Nimbula
5916:Netlify
5861:Fujitsu
5748:openQRM
5733:Netlify
5713:Inktank
5673:Creatio
5615:Workday
5605:Seafile
5525:Dropbox
4277:8984662
3721:Bibcode
3381:Reuters
3297:YouTube
3172:YouTube
2975:Sensear
2518:Fortune
1814:BBC.com
1714:servers
1624:Peering
1531:vendors
1467:Offsite
1397:routers
1292:Bitcoin
1137:airflow
1012:has an
927:Alibaba
923:Tencent
770:passive
280:Gartner
214:Gartner
122:History
59:) is a
5996:Vercel
5966:Zadara
5931:OpenIO
5926:Nimbus
5896:Linode
5891:Joyent
5788:Vercel
5783:Splunk
5703:Heroku
5683:Helion
5530:Google
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1464:Onsite
1426:, and
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1100:(2010)
1003:Google
651:B-side
647:A-side
628:diesel
443:tarmac
146:, and
78:Since
5981:OVirt
5886:iland
5768:Scalr
5540:Drive
5060:(PDF)
5053:(PDF)
5012:S2CID
4994:arXiv
4967:S2CID
4939:(PDF)
4743:VoxEU
4656:Wired
4608:(PDF)
4319:(PDF)
4312:(PDF)
4273:S2CID
4121:(PDF)
4049:S2CID
3980:(PDF)
3969:(PDF)
3857:(PDF)
3850:(PDF)
3833:(PDF)
3757:S2CID
3424:(PDF)
3417:(PDF)
3327:(PDF)
3320:(PDF)
2768:(PDF)
2687:(PDF)
2680:(PDF)
2599:(PDF)
2366:(PDF)
2104:S2CID
1661:Notes
1617:, by
1460:are:
1356:cloud
1174:green
758:FM200
556:nines
140:racks
136:ENIAC
51:) or
37:ARSAT
5841:Deft
5620:Zoho
5255:ISBN
5228:ISBN
5207:link
5187:ISBN
5160:ISBN
5133:ISBN
5112:2018
4959:ISSN
4692:TIME
4660:ISSN
4423:2010
4373:2011
4242:2012
4201:Inc.
4083:2019
4006:ISBN
3749:ISSN
3469:2012
3203:2012
2900:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2807:ISBN
2695:2012
2500:2011
2456:2011
2412:2018
2325:2011
2296:2024
2271:2024
2246:2024
2221:2024
2177:2024
2151:2024
2071:2019
2016:2018
1673:See
1399:and
1358:and
1348:and
1298:and
1234:the
1098:CERN
1008:The
847:and
809:Mist
772:and
649:and
498:HVAC
422:The
301:The
227:and
110:and
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5653:Box
5520:Box
5004:doi
4951:doi
4265:doi
4039:doi
3739:hdl
3729:doi
3656:IEA
3052:DCD
3027:DCD
2094:doi
1924:IEA
1439:VPN
1428:DNS
1415:).
1287:IEA
914:IEA
560:99%
409:IBM
104:IEA
100:TWh
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