891:. Two German museums turned it down as too expensive. A year later at the Hamburg Fossil and Mineral Fair in December 2006, the dealer asked Norwegian vertebrate palaeontologist Jørn Hurum, who had done some previous deals, to discuss something privately. The dealer showed Hurum three high resolution colour photographs of the fossil and told him that the asking price was $ 1 million. Hurum knew that it was a primate and according to Tudge's book "was fast concluding that the specimen he was looking at could be one of the holy grails of science — the 'missing link' from the crucial time period." He asked for time until after Christmas to organise funding to pay for the specimen and ensure that it had been legally collected, had an export permit and would be legitimately available for study. His first choice was the Natural History Museum of Oslo, but it was beyond their means and he began to think of other museums with sponsors available. He persuaded the Oslo museum to make half the funding available with the remainder to be paid only after X-ray scans proved conclusively that it was not a fake, a process which took several months. He put together a team including leading German experts on the Messel fossils, ensuring international ownership.
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showmanship, populist sensibility, and disregard for the normal avenues of scientific prestige required to pull this off". The debut in "an astonishingly slick, multi-component media package" required exceptional coordination between networks, museums, producers and scientists while maintaining a level of secrecy which is hard to attain in modern circumstances. In interviews published on 27 May, Hurum stated that it was good that they had got the message out that primates were rooted deep in time, but that some of the slogans were too much and the publicity got completely out of control. He disclosed that he paid nearly $ 750,000 (£465,000) for the specimen, but felt it was worthwhile to make the fossil available for scientific investigation instead of it being bought by a private collector and hidden away. Others including Chris Beard were concerned that the price and publicity could lead to profiteering by amateur collectors, and make acquisition of specimens for research purposes more difficult.
953:(for naming purposes, the paper was officially published in print on May 21, 2009). The paper included a statement that the authors were not advocating the possibility that the species could be ancestral to later anthropoid primates; Professor John Fleagle, of Stony Brook University in New York state, asserted that he was one of the anonymous scientific reviewers of the paper and that he had explicitly requested before publication that the authors tone down their original claims that the fossil was on the human evolutionary line. At the press conference the fossil was described as the "missing link" in human evolution. Hurum said that “this fossil rewrites our understanding of the evolution of primates...it will probably be pictured in all the textbooks for the next 100 years" and compared its importance to the
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745:, who secured one section of the fossil from an anonymous owner and led the research. In addition to the bones, remains of Ida's soft tissue and fur outline are present along with remnants of her last meal of fruit and leaves. The animal is about 58 cm (23 in) from nose to tail, or roughly the size of a small, long-tailed cat.
672:, which he groups with other Adapoidea. He shows the Adapoidea together with the Tarsioidea as representing early diversification of the suborder Haplorhini and shows the Strepsirrhini as having branched off directly from the earliest primates. The Revealing the Link website uses this taxonomic grouping and states that
1027:, was brought in on the project in order to "take story straight to the masses in a way that would appeal to the average person, especially kids". The press conference and paper on the fossil was accompanied by the launch of a website the publication of a book which had already been distributed to bookstores,
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group of early primates representative of early haplorhine diversification". This means that, according to these authors, the adapiforms would not be entirely within the
Strepsirrhini lineage as hitherto assumed, but would qualify as a transitional fossil (a "missing link") between Strepsirrhini and
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Hurum considered that the risk of buying the fossil had paid off, and said that "You need an icon or two in a museum to drag people in, this is our Mona Lisa and it will be our Mona Lisa for the next 100 years." He has been described as "a modern-era, media-savvy scientist with the right amounts of
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reached adulthood at 36 months with a body mass of 650–900 grams (23–32 oz), and that it likely had a maximum age of 20 years. Both the age of Ida's death and the possible adult body mass has been questioned by López-Torres and colleagues in 2015, who suggested that Ida would have died between
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was "the closest thing we can get to a direct ancestor" and that finding it was "a dream come true". Team member Jens
Franzen said the state of preservation was "like the Eighth Wonder of the World", with information "palaeontologists can normally only dream of", but while he said it bore "a close
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after the amateur excavation and sold separately, was not reassembled until 2007. The fossil is of a juvenile female, approximately 58 cm (23 in) overall length, with the head and body length excluding the tail being about 24 cm (9.4 in). It is estimated that Ida died at about
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was not a "missing link" between anthropoids and more primitive primates, but that further study of this remarkably complete specimen would be very informative and could reveal relationships amongst "the earliest and least human-like of all known primates, the Eocene adapiforms." In an interview
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which were not included in the analysis. This contrasts with the motive openly stated by the authors, which was to list 30 anatomical and morphological characteristics "commonly used" to distinguish extant strepsirrhine and haplorrhine primates. Paleontologist
Richard Kay of
1106:. This fossil will probably be the one that will be pictured in all textbooks for the next 100 years." Regarding the publicity, Matt Cartmill an anthropologist from Duke University said "The P.R. campaign on this fossil is I think more of a story than the fossil itself".
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necessary to conserve Messel fossils. At some point the slab and counter slab went separate ways. The counter slab was incorporated in a composite of fabricated parts to represent a complete specimen and arrived at a private
Wyoming museum in 1991. Analysis by
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and nails instead of claws. These would have provided a "precision grip" which, for Ida, was useful for climbing and gathering fruit. Ida also has flexible arms and relatively short limbs. The fossil is missing two anatomical features found in modern lemurs: a
805:(penis bone) found in all lower primates means that the fossil was from a female. X-rays performed on Ida revealed that her right wrist was healing from a fracture which may have contributed to her death. The scientists speculate whether she was overcome by
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stated that he had an open mind about the possibility that the fossil might turn out to be a lemur and that a paper on systematics to be published within about a year would mainly focus on the partial counterslab containing the inner ear and the foot bones.
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Haplorrhini, and so could be ancestral to humans. They also suggest that tarsiers have been misplaced in the
Haplorrhini and should be considered Strepsirrhini. To support this view they show that as many as six morphological traits found in "Darwinius" are
801:. The shape of Ida's teeth provides clues as to her diet; jagged molars would have allowed her to slice food, suggesting that she was a leaf and seed eater. This is confirmed by the remarkable preservation of her gut content. Furthermore, the lack of a
415:
Concerns have been raised about the claims made about the fossil's relative importance and the publicising of the fossil before adequate information was available for scrutiny by the academic community. Some of Norway's leading biologists, among them
1113:, was "awestruck" by the publicity machine but concerned that if the hype was exaggerated, it could damage the popularisation of science if the creature was not all that it was hyped up to be. Paleoanthropologist Elwyn Simons of
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While studies were in progress, negotiations were put in place for a book and with various broadcasters for documentary programs, all of whom agreed to keep the project secret. A deal went through in the summer of 2008 with
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had picked up on his work, and seen
Chinese dinosaur finds the object of bad early descriptions from blogging, Jørn Hurum decided to orchestrate launch of the fossil in a combined scientific and public event.
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had been chosen as it was open access and the research had been funded by
Norwegian taxpayers who would benefit from free access, it did not restrict the length of manuscript or number of illustrations, and
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is on the branch towards the
Strepsirrhini and is not a 'missing link' in the evolution of the Anthropoidea. A phylogenetic analysis of 360 morphological characters in 117 extinct and modern primates places
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was ancestral to the simians. Others have also criticized claims that the fossil represents the "missing link in human evolution", arguing that there is no such thing unless evolution is visualized as
638:
Most experts hold that the higher primates (simians) evolved from
Tarsiidae, branching off the Strepsirrhini before the appearance of the Adapiformes. A smaller group agrees with Franzen
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and adapoids contemporary with early tarsioids could represent a stem group from which later anthropoid primates evolved, but we are not advocating this here, nor do we consider either
535:. Simians are usually called "anthropoid": while this term can be confusing, the paper uses it, as does associated publicity material. Simians (anthropoids) include monkeys and
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as "There was a TV company involved and time pressure" and they had been pushed to finish the study. "It's not how I like to do science", Gingerich concluded. In an interview,
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as an alternative to
Haplorhini and Strepsirrhini, depending on the position of Adapoidea and Tarsioidea. He puts forward a phylogeny in which the higher primates evolved from
1778:
Seiffert, Erik R.; Jonathan M. G. Perry; Elwyn L. Simons; Doug M. Boyer (22 October 2009). "Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in Eocene adapiform primates".
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701:. Seiffert believes that characteristics that appeared to show a relationship to haplorrhines are due to convergent evolution and has said that "the PR hype surrounding the
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Independent experts have raised concern about publicity exaggerating the importance of the find before information was available for scrutiny. Chris Beard, curator of the
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holotype fossil (specimen WDC-MG-210 reversed for comparison). Parts 1 and 2 (enclosed in dashed lines) are genuine; remainder of plate B was fabricated during preparation
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should be classified as haplorhine was "unsupportable in light of modern methods of classification." The opinion of Chris Beard, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the
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Mertz, D. F., Renne, P. R. (2005): A numerical age for the Messel fossil deposit (UNESCO World Heritage Site) derived from 40Ar/39Ar dating on a basaltic rock fragment.
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At the time its discovery was announced in the scientific and the popular press, the fossil was characterized as the "most complete fossil primate ever discovered"; Sir
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fumes while drinking from the Messel lake. Hampered by her broken wrist, she slipped into unconsciousness, was washed into the lake and sank to the bottom, where unique
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he stated that a unique opportunity to communicate science had been lost, with press releases forestalling the necessary discovery and debate which should now proceed.
2016:
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The primary slab remained in Germany in the possession of a private collector who kept it secret for twenty years before deciding to sell it anonymously via a German
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is from an early group of primates just prior to diversification into the anthropoids (monkeys, apes and humans) and the prosimians (lemurs, lorises and tarsiers).
973:, said the term "missing link" was misleading and that the scientific community would need to evaluate its significance, which was unlikely to match that of
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compared only 30 traits when standard practice is to analyze 200 to 400 traits and to include fossils such as anthropoids from Egypt and the primate genus
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The events regarding the original unearthing of the fossil are not clear, though some facts are known. It was found at the Messel pit in 1983, a disused
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After its acquisition it was studied in secret for two years by a team of scientists led by Hurum, who was joined by primate evolution expert Professor
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revealed the mixed actual and faked nature of this slab. A comparison of the two slabs indicates that the forger had access to the whole fossil.
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On May 19, 2009 the team revealed their findings to the world at a press conference simultaneously with online publication of the paper in
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stated that it is a wonderful specimen but most of the information had been previously known, and paleoanthropologist Peter Brown of the
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is the third primate species to be discovered at the Messel locality that belongs to the cercamoniine adapiforms, in addition to
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which has been reported as paying more for this than any other documentary. The team decided to publish their findings online in
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noted that "The unveiling of the fossil came as part of an orchestrated publicity campaign unusual for scientific discoveries".
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2013:
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Franzen, J. L.; Gingerich, P. D.; Habersetzer, J.; Hurum, J. H.; Von Koenigswald, W.; Smith, B. H. (2009). J., Hawks (ed.).
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1133:, and that while the fossil is a primate, there is no evidence to suggest that its species is a direct ancestor of humans.
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852:. The fossil came as a slab and partial counter slab and was expertly prepared by encasing each slab in resin using the
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characters present only in the Haplorrhini lineage, but absent in the Strepsirrhini lineage, which they interpret as
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The adapiforms are early primates which are known only from the fossil record, and it is unclear whether they form a
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2210:"Ida the fossil will reveal her secrets slowly | Adam Rutherford | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk"
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that she was 9–10 months old and would have weighed 485 grams (17.1 oz); it was also initially suggested that
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Franzen, J.L. (1994), in Anthropoid Origins (eds Fleagle, J. F. & Kay, R. F.)pp 99-122 (Plenum, New York)
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in a now-extinct group of strepsirrhines along with a newly discovered 37-million-year-old Egyptian primate,
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Brian Switek questioned the sensationalist coverage of claims of ancestral relationships made before a full
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The following television documentary about Ida has been broadcast. The US version is available on DVD.
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resemblance to ourselves" in some aspects, other features indicated that it was not a direct ancestor.
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in the UK, directed by Tim Walker and produced by Lucie Ridout, to be screened six days later on the
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1309:"Complete primate skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: morphology and paleobiology"
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1675:"Q&A: Jørn Hurum on Ida, media hype and primate evolution - life - 27 May 2009 - New Scientist"
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987:, said he "would be absolutely dumbfounded if it turns out to be a potential ancestor to humans."
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2344:"Missing link found? Scientists unveil fossil of 47 million-year-old primate, Darwinius masillae"
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and palaeontologists Jens Franzen, who had studied the counter slab, and Jörg Habersetzer of the
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1622:""Revolutionary" Fossil Fails to Dazzle Paleontologists -- Gibbons 2009 (519): 1 -- ScienceNOW"
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1.05 and 1.14 years (12 to 14 months) of age based on its dental erruptions resembling more of
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2067:"Fossil Ida: A profile of palaeontologist Jørn Hurum | Science | guardian.co.uk"
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would have weighed between 622–642 grams (21.9–22.6 oz) based on the growth model of
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that the higher primates descend from Adapiformes (Adapoidea). The view of paleontologist
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1955:"Life history of the most complete fossil primate skeleton: exploring growth models for
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commemorated the unveiling with a themed logo on May 20, 2009. During a ceremony at the
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where the specimen was found. The creature appeared superficially similar to a modern
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752:-like skeleton of the fossil features primate characteristics of grasping hands with
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2535:"Jorn Hurum: I paid $ 750,000 for Ida the fossil and have no regrets - Times Online"
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1952:
424:" and stated that its presentation and popular dissemination "fundamentally violate
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2289:"Introducing Darwinius masillae « everyONE – the PLoS ONE community blog"
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1262:"Deal in Hamburg bar led scientist to Ida fossil, the 'eighth wonder of the world'"
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of primates are commonly associated in the higher taxonomic groupings of suborders
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thought the data could have been cherry-picked. Paleontologist Callum Ross of the
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1651:"Why Ida fossil is not the missing link - opinion - 21 May 2009 - New Scientist"
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is missing only its left rear leg. It has been named Ida after the daughter of
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New Darwinius masillae / Ida fossil discovery pictures images background story
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412:("anthropoid") primate lineages. Others have disagreed with this placement.
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2185:"A Discovery That Will Change Everything (!!!) ... Or Not : Laelaps"
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1982:
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1591:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 128.
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578:. These include, among others, a cranium with a short rostrum, deep
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Fossil Ida: extraordinary find is 'missing link' in human evolution
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holotype fossil, revealing the fabricated parts of the counter-slab
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noted for its astonishing fossil preservation, near the village of
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1953:
Sergi López-Torres; Michael A. Schillaci; Mary T. Silcox (2015).
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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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2236:"Is the Ida fossil a missing evolutionary link? | Science"
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for archeologists" and "It is the scientific equivalent of the
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1051:(UK), and various stations in Germany and Norway. The New York
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2561:"The Link DVD | The Missing Link - History Channel Store"
1856:"Fossil hailed as Man's ancestor is 'not even close relative'"
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1062:, expressed dissatisfaction with the media campaign, telling
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2434:"Amid Media Circus, Scientists Doubt 'Ida' Is Your Ancestor"
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1379:"Science & Environment; Scientists hail stunning fossil"
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is the quickest way to publish a large work in the world!"
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carried a report with interviews with Gingerich and with
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2379:, devoted to the discovery is slated to air 25 May 2009.
2114:"Ida-lized! The Branding of a Fossil § SEEDMAGAZINE.COM"
1909:""MISSING LINK" FOUND: New Fossil Links Humans, Lemurs?"
1734:"Research on the Origin and Early Evolution of Primates"
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829:(6) and other primates have been found in the Messel pit
1881:"Norske forskere: – Har funnet "the missing link""
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Independent experts were quick to question the claims.
350:, Germany. The fossil, divided into a slab and partial
2481:"Poor, poor Ida, Or: "Overselling an Adapid": Laelaps"
1015:, which had cooperated with Hurum on a program on the
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400:, suggesting that it has the status of a significant
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80–85% of her projected adult body and limb length.
1911:. National Geographic. May 19, 2009. Archived from
1754:"Revealing the Link - Who Is Ida? - From Ida to Us"
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
1121:said that the paper had insufficient evidence that
1098:Hurum said that "This specimen is like finding the
593:
2342:Samantha Strong and Rich Schapiro (May 19, 2009).
1401:"Analysis Shows German Fossil to Be Early Primate"
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2409:"The Missing Link – Google Fossil Logo 2009"
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1831:"'Missing link' Ida lacks evolutionary insights"
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933:on March 19, 2009 and accepted on May 12, 2009.
598:Paleontologists have expressed concern that the
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1701:"Scientists divided on Ida as the missing link"
1467:"'Missing link' primate isn't a link after all"
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813:conditions preserved her for 47 million years.
1058:One of the paper's co-authors, paleontologist
582:, loss of all grooming claws. They note "that
2624:
2532:
2507:"The dangerous link between science and hype"
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2253:
2155:"Fossil Discovery Is Heralded — WSJ.com"
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1485:Amundsen, Trond; Folstad, Ivar; Giske, Jarl;
346:, about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of
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2337:
2335:
2262:"Origin of the Specious — Times Online"
2260:Jonathan Leake; John Harlow (May 24, 2009).
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1786:(7267). Nature Publishing Group: 1118–1121.
929:. The paper for publication was received by
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324:, lived approximately 47 million years ago (
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2120:. Archived from the original on May 4, 2016
2095:The Link: Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestors
2014:Scientists Unveil Missing Link In Evolution
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844:about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of
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1673:Rowan Hooper; Colin Barras (27 May 2009).
1164:Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor: The Link
1037:Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor: The Link
1029:The Link: Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor
743:Natural History Museum, University of Oslo
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1035:, and the announcement of a documentary (
507:grouping. They are usually grouped under
420:, have called the fossil an "exaggerated
389:classified it as a member of the primate
2089:
2087:
1934:"Early Primate Provides Evolution Clues"
1425:"Why Ida fossil is not the missing link"
1418:
1416:
994:
871:
820:
761:on the foot and a fused row of teeth, a
712:
541:
2472:
1648:
1642:
1613:
1398:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1302:
780:, indicating by comparison with modern
523:—and as such would not be ancestral to
486:is similar but not directly related to
342:, a disused quarry near the village of
129:holotype fossil (specimen PMO 214.214)
4121:
2504:
1903:
1901:
1873:
1828:
1698:
1573:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1248:Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
1006:Having previously experienced how the
331:) based on dating of the fossil site.
4000:
3999:
3400:
2682:
2612:
2312:
2227:
2084:
1454:Fossil primate challenges Ida's place
1413:
1090:has described it as "extraordinary".
2559:The Link DVD and Book (2011-01-21).
2152:
1399:Wilford, John Noble (May 16, 2009).
1359:
385:The authors of the paper describing
2447:
1898:
1854:Henderson, Mark (21 October 2009).
1279:
1129:as there are an enormous number of
1066:that they had chosen to publish in
364:in commemoration of the bicentenary
13:
2563:. Shop.history.com. Archived from
1377:Christine McGourty (19 May 2009).
1111:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
1096:American Museum of Natural History
985:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
623:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
14:
4170:
2683:
2638:
2592:by paleoartist Julius T. Csotonyi
2581:
1829:Barras, Colin (21 October 2009).
1260:Randerson, James (May 20, 2009).
768:Digital reconstructions of Ida's
705:description was very confusing.”
650:is unlikely to end the argument.
539:, which in turn includes humans.
3961:
3401:
3383:
2454:Etheridge, Eric (May 20, 2009).
2112:Elizabeth Cline (May 22, 2009).
1201:
925:, an open access journal of the
708:
594:Concerns over cladistic analysis
590:or adapoids to be anthropoids."
338:, was discovered in 1983 at the
138:
41:
2552:
2426:
2401:
2382:
2365:
2306:
2234:James Randerson (19 May 2009).
2176:
2065:James Randerson (19 May 2009).
2029:
2007:
1946:
1926:
1847:
1822:
1771:
1567:
1554:Anthropoid origins: new visions
1546:
1535:– Dette er ingen 'missing link'
1528:
1511:
1184:Terra X: Die geheime Entdeckung
1170:, UK, broadcast on 26 May 2009.
863:Natural History Museum of Basel
2533:Hannah Devlin (May 28, 2009).
2411:. May 20, 2009. Archived from
1699:Dayton, Leigh (May 21, 2009).
1479:
1459:
1447:
1392:
1253:
1240:
983:. Chris Beard, curator of the
909:
772:reveal that she has unerupted
456:within the extinct infraorder
334:The only known fossil, called
1:
4139:Fossil taxa described in 2009
2505:Switek, Brian (26 May 2009).
2479:Brian Switek (May 19, 2009).
2183:Brian Switek (May 18, 2009).
2050:, a 19 May 2009 article from
1552:Callum Ross, Richard F. Kay,
1234:
1180:, USA, broadcast 25 May 2009.
1423:Chris Beard (May 21, 2009).
1334:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723
1222:List of transitional fossils
991:Publicity and media coverage
7:
2456:"Let's Not Go Ape Over Ida"
2436:. Livescience. May 21, 2009
2153:Naik, Gautam (2009-05-15).
1620:Ann Gibbons (19 May 2009).
1518:– Ida er en oversolgt bløff
1194:
435:
10:
4175:
4159:Cenozoic mammals of Europe
4149:Prehistoric primate genera
2350:. New York. Archived from
1963:Royal Society Open Science
1209:Prehistoric mammals portal
630:published on 27 May 2009,
617:considered the claim that
561:in their 2009 paper place
318:. Its only known species,
4008:
3974:
3959:
3909:
3875:
3845:
3794:
3746:
3693:
3682:
3640:
3596:
3568:
3559:
3453:
3424:
3413:
3409:
3396:
3381:
3355:
3310:
3280:
3179:
3127:
3086:
3036:
3024:
2994:
2936:
2843:
2792:
2734:
2706:
2691:
2678:
2646:
2398:from revealingthelink.com
2138:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1435:Reed Business Information
1119:University of New England
927:Public Library of Science
817:Discovery and acquisition
265:
258:
135:Scientific classification
133:
124:
115:
23:
16:Extinct genus of primates
4154:Monotypic primate genera
1585:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
473:Europolemur koenigswaldi
2159:The Wall Street Journal
1456:Nature 461, 1040 (2009)
1217:List of fossil primates
1064:The Wall Street Journal
939:The Wall Street Journal
906:'s Research Institute.
444:(2009) place the genus
418:Nils Christian Stenseth
404:(a "link") between the
370:, and the species name
2315:"revealingthelink.com"
2093:Tudge, Colin. (2009).
1155:Television documentary
1003:
900:University of Michigan
884:
830:
722:
684:Stony Brook University
656:states that the seven
554:
294:is a genus within the
4101:Paleobiology Database
2216:. London. 20 May 2009
1626:ScienceNOW Daily News
1141:, and in a column in
998:
969:, a senior editor at
875:
824:
765:, in the bottom jaw.
716:
615:University of Chicago
545:
426:scientific principles
4144:Transitional fossils
2588:Life restoration of
2313:Hurum, Jørn (2009).
2023:An early article on
1041:Atlantic Productions
1013:Atlantic Productions
999:Life restoration of
957:. He also said that
793:, and that an adult
717:Counter-slab of the
3914:Palaeopropithecidae
1983:10.1098/rsos.150340
1975:2015RSOS....250340L
1800:10.1038/nature08429
1792:2009Natur.461.1118S
1730:Philip D. Gingerich
1491:Stenseth, Nils Chr.
1475:. October 21, 2009.
1325:2009PLoSO...4.5723F
1060:Philip D. Gingerich
981:feathered dinosaurs
917:The History Channel
654:Philip D. Gingerich
479:Europolemur kelleri
2797:Ekgmowechashalidae
2597:2009-05-23 at the
2590:Darwinius masillae
2460:The New York Times
2394:2022-09-26 at the
2019:2009-05-22 at the
1556:, Springer, 2004,
1499:2009-06-06 at the
1494:'Ida' er oversolgt
1406:The New York Times
1139:cladistic analysis
1088:David Attenborough
1004:
904:Senckenberg Museum
885:
854:transfer technique
831:
825:Map showing where
723:
719:Darwinius masillae
682:and colleagues at
600:cladistic analysis
584:Darwinius masillae
555:
489:Godinotia neglecta
484:Darwinius masillae
468:Darwinius masillae
321:Darwinius masillae
272:Darwinius masillae
127:Darwinius masillae
4116:
4115:
4088:Open Tree of Life
4002:Taxon identifiers
3993:
3992:
3970:
3969:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3944:Palaeopropithecus
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3175:
3174:
1562:978-0-306-48120-8
976:Homo floresiensis
846:Frankfurt am Main
527:, which includes
448:in the subfamily
402:transitional form
287:
286:
239:
125:Main slab of the
4166:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4029:
4028:
4027:
3997:
3996:
3965:
3912:
3850:Archaeolemuridae
3848:
3826:
3734:
3723:
3713:
3691:
3690:
3631:Xanthonycticebus
3614:
3584:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3547:
3529:
3519:
3495:
3485:
3441:
3430:
3422:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3397:
3387:
3313:
3283:
3182:
3034:
3033:
3027:
2997:
2939:
2846:
2795:
2737:
2722:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2483:. Archived from
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2389:The Implications
2386:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2317:. Archived from
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2291:. Archived from
2285:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2266:The Sunday Times
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2187:. Archived from
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2161:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2109:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1883:. Archived from
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1756:. Archived from
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:(June 2, 2009).
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1707:. Archived from
1696:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1571:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1532:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1304:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1257:
1251:
1250:no 255: pp 7–75.
1244:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1131:missing branches
896:Philip Gingerich
782:squirrel monkeys
754:opposable thumbs
580:mandibular ramus
549:of the skull of
366:of the birth of
311:from the middle
274:
270:
251:D. masillae
233:
226:
213:
143:
142:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4129:Eocene primates
4119:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3985:Subfossil lemur
3966:
3949:
3937:Mesopropithecus
3905:
3871:
3841:
3790:
3742:
3687:
3670:
3636:
3592:
3555:
3449:
3418:
3405:
3388:
3371:
3351:
3306:
3276:
3184:Caenopithecidae
3171:
3123:
3082:
3020:
2990:
2932:
2839:
2827:Muangthanhinius
2813:Ekgmowechashala
2788:
2730:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2642:
2637:
2599:Wayback Machine
2584:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2488:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2415:on May 23, 2009
2407:
2406:
2402:
2396:Wayback Machine
2387:
2383:
2373:History Channel
2370:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2295:on May 24, 2009
2287:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2258:
2254:
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2243:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2191:on May 22, 2009
2181:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2147:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2101:
2097:. Little Brown.
2092:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2021:Wayback Machine
2012:
2008:
1951:
1947:
1942:. May 19, 2009.
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1915:on May 21, 2009
1907:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1888:
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1839:
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1827:
1823:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1760:on May 22, 2009
1752:
1751:
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1736:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1711:on May 23, 2009
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1501:Wayback Machine
1487:Slagsvold, Tore
1484:
1480:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1178:History Channel
1157:
1115:Duke University
1045:History Channel
993:
912:
819:
711:
611:Duke University
596:
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3808:
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3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3748:Cheirogaleidae
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3726:Plesiopithecus
3719:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3644:
3642:Perodicticinae
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3610:
3602:
3600:
3594:
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3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3315:Djebelemuridae
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3294:Algeripithecus
3289:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3256:Mescalerolemur
3252:
3245:
3238:
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3224:
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3210:
3203:
3196:
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3015:Marcgodinotius
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2765:
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2718:
2715:Plesiopithecus
2707:
2701:
2696:
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2676:
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2654:
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2583:
2582:External links
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1705:The Australian
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1135:ScienceBlogger
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815:
807:carbon dioxide
791:strepsirrhines
739:paleontologist
710:
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595:
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576:synapomorphies
452:of the family
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368:Charles Darwin
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169:
165:
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155:
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131:
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104:
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102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4171:
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4059:
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4007:
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3998:
3986:
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3977:
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3973:
3964:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:Archaeoindris
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3866:Hadropithecus
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3823:
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3816:
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3809:
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3799:
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3768:
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3731:
3728:
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3720:
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3710:
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3700:
3696:
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3692:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:Nycticeboides
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:Sciurocheirus
3537:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:Caenopithecus
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3129:Sivaladapinae
3126:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3088:Hoanghoniinae
3085:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Sivaladapidae
3023:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
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2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
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2952:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:Pronycticebus
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:Mazateronodon
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:Cercamoniidae
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:Palaeohodites
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
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2800:
2798:
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2744:
2742:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2698:Strepsirrhini
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:Strepsirrhini
2681:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:Strepsirrhini
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2567:on 2011-01-11
2566:
2562:
2555:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2487:on 2012-05-21
2486:
2482:
2475:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2375:documentary,
2374:
2368:
2354:on 2009-05-22
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2321:on 2009-05-21
2320:
2316:
2309:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2165:on 2014-12-16
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2119:
2115:
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2104:
2096:
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2032:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:(9): 150340.
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1887:on 2009-05-21
1886:
1882:
1876:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1836:
1835:New Scientist
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
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1725:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1649:Chris Beard.
1645:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1598:0-801-88221-4
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:Wilson, D. E.
1580:
1579:"Simiiformes"
1576:
1575:Groves, C. P.
1570:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1543:, 20 May 2009
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1524:
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1474:
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1455:
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1436:
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1430:New Scientist
1426:
1419:
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1128:
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1120:
1116:
1112:
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1038:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
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1002:
997:
988:
986:
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978:
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972:
968:
963:
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956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
940:
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:
918:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
889:fossil dealer
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:
828:
823:
814:
812:
811:fossilisation
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
759:grooming claw
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:type specimen
720:
715:
709:Type specimen
706:
704:
700:
699:
694:
689:
685:
681:
680:Erik Seiffert
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:superfamilies
655:
651:
649:
645:
641:
636:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
606:
601:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:Strepsirrhini
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Cercamoniinae
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Cercamoniinae
395:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
327:
323:
322:
317:
314:
310:
307:
306:strepsirrhine
304:
301:, a group of
300:
297:
293:
292:
281:
275:
273:
264:
261:
260:Binomial name
257:
253:
252:
246:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Strepsirrhini
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
31:Middle Eocene
26:
22:
19:
4009:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3864:
3859:Archaeolemur
3857:
3834:
3827:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3764:Cheirogaleus
3762:
3755:
3735:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3697:
3663:
3658:Perodicticus
3656:
3649:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3605:
3585:
3575:
3548:
3538:
3532:Saharagalago
3530:
3520:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3444:Saharagalago
3442:
3431:
3403:Lemuriformes
3357:Lemuriformes
3344:
3337:
3329:
3322:
3299:
3292:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3077:Yunnanadapis
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:Kyitchaungia
3054:
3049:Guangxilemur
3047:
3040:
3013:
3006:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2885:Donrussellia
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2832:
2825:
2820:Gatanthropus
2818:
2811:
2804:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2762:Hesperolemur
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:Notharctidae
2723:
2713:
2589:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2554:
2543:. Retrieved
2538:
2528:
2517:. Retrieved
2510:
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2485:the original
2474:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:
2449:
2438:. Retrieved
2428:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:the original
2403:
2384:
2376:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:the original
2347:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2308:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2269:. Retrieved
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2240:The Guardian
2239:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:The Guardian
2213:
2204:
2193:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2178:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:the original
2158:
2148:
2122:. Retrieved
2094:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:The Guardian
2070:
2060:
2053:The Guardian
2051:
2031:
2009:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1937:
1928:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:the original
1889:. Retrieved
1885:the original
1875:
1864:. Retrieved
1859:
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1824:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1704:
1678:. Retrieved
1654:. Retrieved
1644:
1633:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1587:
1569:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1530:
1521:
1513:
1504:
1481:
1470:
1461:
1449:
1438:. Retrieved
1428:
1404:
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1319:(5): e5723.
1316:
1312:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:The Guardian
1265:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1226:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1149:
1142:
1122:
1108:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1036:
1028:
1005:
1000:
974:
964:
958:
950:
948:
937:
935:
930:
920:
913:
893:
886:
880:
859:Jens Franzen
832:
826:
794:
785:
767:
747:
724:
718:
702:
696:
692:
687:
678:
673:
669:
662:Anthropoidea
652:
647:
639:
637:
626:
618:
603:
597:
587:
583:
562:
558:
556:
550:
505:paraphyletic
501:monophyletic
498:
487:
483:
477:
471:
467:
466:
454:Notharctidae
445:
441:
439:
414:
396:, subfamily
394:Notharctidae
386:
384:
371:
359:
357:
335:
333:
320:
319:
290:
289:
288:
279:
271:
266:
250:
249:
235:
228:
227:
126:
24:
18:
4034:Wikispecies
3980:Adapiformes
3900:Propithecus
3716:Megaladapis
3699:Daubentonia
3665:Pseudopotto
3577:Mioeuoticus
3228:Europolemur
3166:Sivaladapis
3152:Siamoadapis
3097:Hoanghonius
3070:Paukkaungia
3042:Anthradapis
2999:Asiadapidae
2985:Palaeolemur
2978:Microadapis
2957:Cryptadapis
2927:Protoadapis
2913:Periconodon
2783:Smilodectes
2725:Sulaimanius
1506:Aftenposten
1039:), made by
1033:Colin Tudge
1008:blogosphere
910:Publication
877:Radiographs
867:Switzerland
737:vertebrate
686:argue that
625:, was that
525:Haplorrhini
511:—including
458:Adapiformes
352:counterslab
299:Adapiformes
4123:Categories
3978:See also:
3829:Pachylemur
3771:Microcebus
3685:Lemuroidea
3651:Arctocebus
3624:Nycticebus
3512:Paragalago
3478:Galagoides
3416:Lorisoidea
3366:see below↓
3346:Shizarodon
3324:Djebelemur
3249:Masradapis
3207:Aframonius
3159:Sinoadapis
3138:Indraloris
2971:Magnadapis
2964:Leptadapis
2864:Anchomomys
2806:Bugtilemur
2769:Notharctus
2571:2011-03-27
2545:2009-05-28
2519:2009-05-25
2491:2009-05-20
2465:2009-05-20
2440:2009-05-21
2419:2009-05-20
2358:2009-05-20
2348:Daily News
2325:2009-05-20
2299:2009-05-24
2271:2009-05-24
2264:. London:
2246:2009-06-06
2220:2009-05-24
2195:2009-05-24
2169:2009-05-24
2077:2009-05-25
1919:2009-05-20
1891:2009-05-20
1866:2009-10-21
1840:2009-10-21
1764:2009-06-03
1739:2009-06-03
1715:2009-05-21
1680:2009-05-28
1656:2009-05-28
1635:2009-05-28
1523:Nettavisen
1440:2009-05-22
1385:2009-05-20
1381:. BBC News
1272:2009-05-20
1235:References
1228:Notharctus
1104:Holy Grail
1074:said that
1072:Jørn Hurum
1053:Daily News
1019:, a giant
1017:Predator X
936:On 15 May
786:Darwininus
731:Jørn Hurum
632:Jørn Hurum
362:was named
358:The genus
340:Messel pit
296:infraorder
198:Suborder:
4040:Darwinius
4010:Darwinius
3930:Babakotia
3877:Indriidae
3812:Hapalemur
3796:Lemuridae
3757:Allocebus
3706:Lepilemur
3598:Lorisinae
3587:Namaloris
3561:Lorisidae
3550:Wadilemur
3522:Progalago
3455:Galagidae
3433:Karanisia
3331:Notnamaia
3285:Azibiidae
3270:Notnamaia
3263:Namadapis
3242:Mahgarita
3235:Godinotia
3221:Darwinius
3200:Afradapis
3193:Adapoides
3145:Ramadapis
3111:Rencunius
3008:Asiadapis
2776:Pelycodus
2755:Copelemur
2650:Kingdom:
2539:The Times
2512:The Times
2025:Yahoo.com
1957:Darwinius
1860:The Times
1816:205218204
1540:Dagbladet
1144:The Times
1123:Darwinius
1001:Darwinius
967:Henry Gee
959:Darwinius
955:Mona Lisa
944:Tim White
881:Darwinius
827:Darwinius
795:Darwinius
763:toothcomb
741:from the
735:Norwegian
703:Darwinius
698:Afradapis
693:Darwinius
688:Darwinius
674:Darwinius
670:Darwinius
648:Darwinius
644:Tim White
627:Darwinius
619:Darwinius
588:Darwinius
567:Adapoidea
563:Darwinius
551:Darwinius
521:lorisoids
494:Geiseltal
460:of early
446:Darwinius
406:prosimian
387:Darwinius
360:Darwinius
348:Frankfurt
291:Darwinius
244:Species:
229:Darwinius
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
25:Darwinius
4134:Adapidae
4054:10523462
4019:Wikidata
3737:Propotto
3505:Otolemur
3498:Laetolia
3464:Euoticus
3339:Omanodon
3118:Wailekia
2941:Adapidae
2906:Panobius
2899:Nievesia
2871:Barnesia
2857:Agerinia
2670:Primates
2664:Mammalia
2658:Chordata
2656:Phylum:
2652:Animalia
2595:Archived
2541:. London
2515:. London
2392:Archived
2377:The Link
2242:. London
2134:cite web
2073:. London
2017:Archived
2001:26473056
1939:ABC News
1862:. London
1808:19847263
1607:62265494
1577:(2005).
1564:, p. 100
1497:Archived
1472:NBC News
1353:19492084
1313:PLOS ONE
1268:. London
1195:See also
1174:The Link
1100:Lost Ark
1081:PLoS ONE
1076:PLoS ONE
1068:PLoS ONE
1025:Svalbard
1021:pliosaur
951:PLoS ONE
931:PLoS ONE
922:PLoS ONE
799:lemurids
666:Prosimii
646:is that
605:Eosimias
565:in the "
557:Franzen
547:CT image
529:tarsiers
517:aye-ayes
462:primates
440:Franzen
436:Taxonomy
372:masillae
326:Lutetian
309:primates
278:Franzen
234:Franzen
215:Adapidae
208:Family:
192:Primates
182:Mammalia
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
36:47
4093:4941704
4080:1009847
4067:4827731
4025:Q244446
3836:Varecia
3805:Eulemur
3301:Azibius
3104:Lushius
3063:Laomaki
2878:Buxella
2748:Cantius
2668:Order:
2662:Class:
2124:May 23,
1992:4593690
1971:Bibcode
1788:Bibcode
1344:2683573
1321:Bibcode
1127:a chain
1049:BBC One
898:of the
879:of the
861:of the
850:Germany
803:baculum
776:in her
572:derived
533:simians
374:honors
269:†
248:†
221:Genus:
188:Order:
178:Class:
105:↓
4106:147599
3785:Phaner
3471:Galago
2950:Adapis
1999:
1989:
1814:
1806:
1780:Nature
1605:
1595:
1560:
1351:
1341:
1092:Google
1047:(US),
971:Nature
842:Messel
838:quarry
774:molars
733:, the
640:et al.
559:et al.
513:lemurs
442:et al.
430:ethics
410:simian
391:family
376:Messel
344:Messel
313:Eocene
282:, 2009
280:et al.
238:, 2009
236:et al.
4075:IRMNG
3893:Indri
3886:Avahi
3819:Lemur
3778:Mirza
3607:Loris
3488:Komba
1812:S2CID
1581:. In
1023:from
835:shale
770:teeth
750:lemur
503:or a
492:from
380:lemur
329:stage
316:epoch
303:basal
4062:GBIF
2140:link
2126:2009
2118:Seed
1997:PMID
1804:PMID
1603:OCLC
1593:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1349:PMID
1190:Neo.
748:The
725:The
664:and
537:apes
531:and
519:and
476:and
428:and
422:hoax
408:and
44:PreꞒ
4049:EoL
1987:PMC
1979:doi
1796:doi
1784:461
1339:PMC
1329:doi
1188:ZDF
1168:BBC
1031:by
979:or
848:in
778:jaw
432:."
336:Ida
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94:Pg
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225:†
212:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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