379:"It is the port of a small, barren, poorly populated kingdom called Dancali. It is ruled by a Muslim, the entire population being of the same faith. This ruler recognizes a certain vassalage to the Emperor of Ethiopia, either for reasons of self-preservation or because of a historic feudal relationship. He was always loyal and obedient to what the Emperor ordered him to do. "It was a small town of no more than fifty inhabitants, straw houses, not much in the way of provisions beyond a few goats and kids which the Muslims sold them since all the people in that kingdom are poor, rough and usually very wretched. Their shelter was under a shed open on all sides. Their beds were the ground or mats, and at most their bales — a practice which they continued for their entire journey so that they soon became used to it, and it stood them in good stead for later experiences. Even there, they had some delicacies to eat because they had some things from the ship's provisions: rice, dates, and biscuit."
400:
deserve the pay. Needless to say, if they had known this, they would not only have excused them but would have paid them even more. We travelled on foot behind and at the pace of the camels, with our walking sticks in our hands, dressed now in their Jesuit garb. The
Dankali did not show any surprise at the difference between the present garb and that in which they first saw me. They believed that both belonged to us and were appropriate to their functions. The day's journeys were not very long but from six to eight leagues. The heat made them seem longer, as well as our fatigue because the Portuguese were unused to it. They never met any people, nor did they want to.
442:
arrogantally, that the Afar language was "barbaric". Those who had lived at Mokha, he was pleased to report, nevertheless often knew Arabic. The nomads of the interior, on the other hand, were less sophisticated. They were, he claims, "utterly (ghaya) astonished at the firing of muskets", and, anticipating the coming of the machine-gun by two centuries, "firmly believed that the marksman, when he had shot, was able to continue shooting without operation and that no time passed between each of the two shots". Though advised to use Baylul the Yämani envoy concluded, like Lobo, that the route inland was "full of dangers", notably from the Oromos.
52:
396:
were and they could have reached his court in two or three days by traveling inland on a good pleasant road with water and food available, they purposely led the
Portuguese on a detour always at the edge of the sea, lacking water, through sandy places and untrodden, unpleasant deserts for the purpose of keeping the Portuguese from seeing their more desirable lands which they feared the Portuguese might come to conquer; for they were certainly not without fears in this respect where there was so little reason for them to have them.
500:
418:
Muslims, no
Christians are found there nor many Muslim merchants up country as in Matsua(Massawa) because of the bad reception and great extortions. There is however a moderate navigation from Mocha, Aden etc. whose inhabitants, the Arabs, come there with their ships, taking provisions of corn, butter, honey and also tusks, cow-hides and civet, which together with a few slaves are brought there from the highlands and are exchanged for spices, pepper, broadcloath, etc.
853:
38:
366:"Then came {And the king of Dancalî, who is called Camêl, when he was} «because he was» {defeated by the son of his brother Sehim «and had nobody else in whose shadow he could shelter» {came to the emperor and worshipped} and asked him to help him. And he gave him valuable robes and men, with whom he regained his kingdom, and he granted that he should pay only half of the tribute that he paid every year"
388:
because they would be able to defend themselves against them if they intended to harm them, since they did not know their way by land, the land being so strange to them, and there was no recourse by sea, but rather so that they would not be taken by surprise which they considered an advantage well worth the effort for the whole journey, during which they kept up this practice of standing watch.
438:
previous ruler Kamil and was also a Muslim. However the envoy claimed that he was Muslim in "name only", for he scarcely followed the prescriptions of Islam. He was said to have been married, perhaps partially for dynastic reasons, to twelve women. Some of his subjects, Al Haymi complains, also had more than the number of wives prescribed in Islam.
454:
During the course of this expansion in the 17th century, the
Baraytuma Galla penetrated the Dankali Kingdom in several areas and had already reached the Dankali coast near Assab, thereby perpetuating the division between the southern Danakil and northern Danakil populations. Thus in the 18th century,
417:
The port of Beilul in the small kingdom of
Dankale, still belongs to the emperor of Ethiopia, but is kept as a fief by a Muslim Kaffir, who leaves his children as a pledge with the emperor to pay an annual tribute. But the inhabitants there and in the surrounding regions are savage Kaffirs and mostly
383:
The
Portuguese had given elaborate gifts to the Arabian merchants and also gave some to other less important people; for many gathered round to watch the distribution. All this was necessary for newcomers who wanted to have friends in a land which produced so few friendly people. They withdrew to the
467:
Bars of rock-salt known as Amolé were mined in the Afar depression, which had been used instead of money throughout the highlands. The term according to the
Italian lexicographer Guidi stated that the name perhaps came from the name of an Afar tribe. The greatest asset of the Danakil kingdom was the
399:
The Muslim inhabitants were also motivated by something else in taking us on this detour, and this was that they had received payment for the hiring of the camels much larger than what was normally paid in that land, although we considered it cheap, and gave Lobo and his men so much work in order to
412:
Murad then later gave additional information during his journey to
Batavia in 1689 that he had observed Ethiopia's shores were all occupied by the Turks with the sole exception of Baylul. Elaborating the status and trade of the port and on the relations between the Ethiopian Emperor and the Danakil
395:
The
Portuguese then set out to continue their expedition on Ascension Day, The first malicious thing perpetrated on the Portuguese by the inhabitants and there were many such things, as one might expect from camel drivers was that, although the king of Dancali was very close to where the Portuguese
391:
During the thirteen days they stayed there, with nothing remarkable happening to them, they hired camels for their belongings and bought a few donkeys of which they could avail themselves when greatly fatigued and which would, in the meantime, carry the bags containing the breviaries and each one's
358:
In
Suseynos' chronicle, it reports that the Dankali king Kamil had recently overthrown his brother Sahim, had travelled up to the Emperor's camp at Dehana in 1620. He prostrated himself in front of Emperor Suseynos and appealed for his protection. The monarch therefore crowned him, made celebration
458:
The Dankali Kingdom remained weak but continued to exist in areas that extended from Beilul to Dahlak, including the Buri Peninsula, and some parts of Doka'a near the border with Tigray continuing to lose land due to the hegemony of the Turks who had prevented evasion of their toll by blocking the
408:
In 1685 Ludolf had submitted a questionnaire to Khodja Murad surrounding the port of Baylul which he had asked whether any ships had sailed there and from where. Khodja replied empathetically that the only ships sailing to Baylul were jalbas, or large local vessels that arrived there yearly. They
387:
On land, the Portuguese found some flour, a few goats and kids which did not cost them much and whose only drawback was that there were too few of them. Since they did not know how much trust they could place in the friendliness of their hosts, they stood watch by turns all through the night, not
290:
The people to the north, living along the coast, came to be known as the Ankala. Some scholars have suggested that the name Dankali—Danakil in its plural form, may be an Arabized version of Ankala. According to the Anthropological Society of Paris, the word Dankali may have been derived Arab word
894:
from furnishing camels for the transportation of merchandise from the interior. Afar trade by his day, however, was in decline. It was largely confined to the age-old carriage of bars of rock salt, which were excavated in the Afar lowlands, and had to be transported through the "dry and burning
428:
subject to the Ethiopian Emperor and Baylul was in his possession. Caravans from Baylul had once travelled to and from the interior but the port by then had been completely desolate . Good fat sheep and big pigs could nevertheless be obtained there cheaply , in exchange for coarse imported cloth.
427:
A tiny little town, three or four miles from the sea, and consisted of no more than fifty or sixty small houses. They were inhabited by "wild people" with "a religion of their own" who walk around "completely naked", but who, when sitting, covered their nakedness with a piece of cloth. They were
437:
The Yemeni ambassador to Ethiopia was required to pass through Baylul in order to reach Abyssinia by recommendation of Emperor Fasilides in 1647. He spent two months in the region and had reported that it was under the control of Sultan Shuhaym ibn Kamil Al-Dankali. Shuhaym was the son of the
441:
Al-Haymi, a proud Yemeni, was no sympathetic observer unlike Khodja Murad. He considered the Dankali "repulsive in appearance" and complains that they were "all of them naked, not covering their nakedness", and that among them relations between sexes were "promiscuous". He added, even more
392:
little books. And because they did not find enough donkeys for each of them to have one, they bought one for every two Fathers. The owners loaded and unloaded them, took them to pasture and brought them back, since each of them had no better or worse servants than themselves.
291:"Djangali" meaning stupid or the Amharic word "Donkoro" meaning weak. The term “Dankali” could also be traced back to the Afar language and is derived from the words “dan” (meaning “people” or “nation”) and “kali” (referring to the Afar Region).
450:
In the later half of the 16th century during the Great Oromo Migrations, the Baraytuma Galla had led continuous raids into the kingdom which destabilised it and resulted in the kingdom to be more dependent on the Ethiopian Empire.
455:
the Dankali Kingdom had lost the salt plains of Arho, and the northern tribes had chosen to obey their elders of each clan. In the south, this had caused the kingdom to fracture into a smaller number of insignificant sultanates.
468:
salt plains of Arho, which supplied the plateau with most of the raw salt consumed by the population and their cattle, and with all their salt blocks(Amolé) harvested being used as currency beyond the frontiers of Ethiopia
422:
Reverting to conditions in the Afar country on a later visit to Batavia, in 1697, Murad had reiterated that the Danakil king continued to be "subject to the emperor of Abyssinia". As for Baylul he describes it
359:
for him, confirmed his royalty and established a tribute that half of his taxes collected in his country. Several members of Kamil's family were later brought up in the Emperor's court.
342:. James Bruce stated that he had gifted the Emperor a horse and a mule laden with dates, together with a shield made of elephant hide and two spears. With a message attached stating:
2280:
221:
196:
2362:
895:
deserts". This entailed great risk from being murdered by the Galla, before being delivered to the nearest highland market, and earned only "a moderate profit".
375:
In 1625, Jeronimo Lobo and his Portuguese companions had arrived at Baylul to travel to Emperor Suseynos' court. Lobo then described Baylul as the following:
1681:
Cosmographie in Four Bookes: Containing the Chorographie and Historie of the Whole World, and All the Principal Kingdoms, Provinces, Seas, and Isles Thereof
346:"I have set up my camp, Oh my master, with the intention of stopping these people. If they are your enemies, I will not let them pass, and will seize them".
2163:
1900:
1805:
409:
came from Mokha and nowhere else, and which carried Arabs and Abyssinians who came to barter coarse linen for butter, sheep and other small merchandise.
2326:
2031:
471:
According to James Bruce, the commerce of the kingdom in earlier times, when trade with India flourished, the Danakil king's revenue had come chiefly
2178:
2065:
1729:
2075:
2069:
1860:
2372:
2295:
2290:
881:
2199:
2026:
2114:
2006:
2001:
1095:
167:
2016:
2229:
2204:
2051:
2046:
712:
384:
town, where they stayed for thirteen days, which should have been a shorter time since there was nothing for them to do there.
2357:
1722:
1662:
1635:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1500:
1473:
1446:
1419:
1392:
1365:
1338:
1311:
1284:
1257:
1230:
1203:
1176:
1149:
1122:
1078:
1051:
975:
696:
1625:
1490:
1463:
1436:
739:
334:
According to an Ethiopian royal chronicle, the ruler of Dankali on the occasion of Baede Maryam's conquest against the
1571:
1517:
1411:
A Yemenite Embassy to Ethiopia, 1647-1649: Al-Ḥaymī's Sīrat Al-Ḥabas̲h̲a, Newly Introduced, Translated, and Annotated
1357:
A Yemenite Embassy to Ethiopia, 1647-1649: Al-Ḥaymī's Sīrat Al-Ḥabas̲h̲a, Newly Introduced, Translated, and Annotated
51:
1679:
991:
1715:
874:
1696:
1026:
Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, in the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773: In Five Volumes
350:
Baede Maryam replied with warm appreciation, saying "You have done well; do not let them enter your territory".
1006:
751:
2367:
867:
479:
1707:
1654:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1600:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1546:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1384:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1303:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1249:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1070:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1043:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
814:
499:
459:
use of Beilul's port. By then, the Dankali had retreated to a small section of the Buri Peninsula.
516:
967:
Adventures in the Bone Trade: The Race to Discover Human Ancestors in Ethiopia's Afar Depression
2275:
1785:
1800:
805:
37:
1910:
1820:
1330:
Foreign Relations of Ethiopia 1642-1700: Documents Relating to the Journeys of Khodja Murad
1276:
Foreign Relations of Ethiopia 1642-1700: Documents Relating to the Journeys of Khodja Murad
315:
8:
1855:
1825:
776:
684:
680:
573:
2336:
2245:
2168:
1925:
1920:
1885:
1795:
1775:
629:
488:
214:
1698:
Historico-Political Geography ... Second edition, with additions [by] Paschoud
2311:
2119:
1905:
1850:
1845:
1815:
1780:
1658:
1631:
1604:
1577:
1550:
1523:
1496:
1469:
1442:
1415:
1388:
1361:
1334:
1307:
1280:
1253:
1226:
1199:
1172:
1145:
1118:
1074:
1047:
971:
318:, who reported that the domain of the Danakil inhabited the area around the port of
2316:
2285:
2250:
2219:
2173:
2150:
1996:
1890:
1880:
1840:
1770:
835:
826:
764:
601:
557:
362:
According to Pedro Paez however, it was the son of Sahim who had overthrown Kamil:
201:
2214:
2209:
2036:
1961:
1895:
1790:
1652:
1598:
1544:
1409:
1382:
1355:
1328:
1301:
1274:
1247:
1220:
1193:
1166:
1139:
1112:
1068:
1041:
1024:
965:
668:
1333:. Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. pp. 101–103.
2321:
2255:
2183:
2129:
2080:
1760:
1739:
857:
310:
The earliest surviving written mention of the Dankali is from the 13th-century
279:
121:
2351:
2331:
2224:
1865:
1765:
1573:
The Dynamics of an Unfinished African Dream: Eritrea: Ancient History to 1968
1519:
The Dynamics of an Unfinished African Dream: Eritrea: Ancient History to 1968
656:
585:
323:
73:
2158:
1956:
1930:
700:
525:
88:
1279:. Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. p. 78.
2091:
1971:
1737:
305:
275:
1111:
Pennec, Hervé; Boavida, Dr Isabel; Ramos, Dr Manuel João (2013-07-28).
311:
1830:
339:
335:
2011:
1976:
1946:
1810:
252:
247:
2139:
2134:
2099:
2041:
1991:
1986:
1915:
796:
242:
116:
541:
432:
370:
2124:
2109:
1875:
1870:
338:
offered him military support. In his pledge to help combat the
319:
78:
2104:
2061:
2056:
2021:
1981:
1966:
1951:
109:
96:
1097:
Chronica de Susenyos, rei de Ethiopia ...: Traducção e notas
1624:
Fage, J. D.; Gray, Richard; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
1489:
Fage, J. D.; Gray, Richard; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
1462:
Fage, J. D.; Gray, Richard; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
1435:
Fage, J. D.; Gray, Richard; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
1100:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Imprensa nacional. p. 479.
1694:
970:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 124.
1408:Ḥaymī, al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad; Donzel, E. J. van (1986).
1354:Ḥaymī, al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad; Donzel, E. J. van (1986).
1114:
Pedro Páez's History of Ethiopia, 1622: Volumes I-II
403:
1110:
2363:Former sultanates in the medieval Horn of Africa
2349:
1623:
1488:
1461:
1434:
1723:
875:
433:Hasan ibn Ahmad Al Haymi's account on Dankali
371:Portuguese description of the Dankali Kingdom
1630:. Cambridge University Press. p. 543.
1495:. Cambridge University Press. p. 541.
1468:. Cambridge University Press. p. 554.
1441:. Cambridge University Press. p. 543.
1407:
1353:
1013:(Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 60
274:was a medieval Muslim kingdom ruled by the
1730:
1716:
882:
868:
445:
50:
1650:
1596:
1542:
1380:
1299:
1245:
1066:
1039:
1117:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 257.
1738:Kingdoms and dynasties of the medieval
1306:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 390–391.
1093:
1046:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 106–107.
996:(in French). Masson. 1894. p. 162.
2350:
1677:
1326:
1272:
2373:13th-century establishments in Africa
1711:
1022:
353:
329:
1569:
1515:
1218:
1191:
1164:
1137:
963:
13:
1657:. The Red Sea Press. p. 393.
1603:. The Red Sea Press. p. 392.
1549:. The Red Sea Press. p. 384.
1387:. The Red Sea Press. p. 387.
1252:. The Red Sea Press. p. 389.
1185:
1073:. The Red Sea Press. p. 383.
14:
2384:
1695:PASCHOUD (Schoolmaster.) (1729).
404:Khodja Murad's account on Dankali
1754:Islamic sultanates & Empires
1414:. F. Steiner. pp. 106–109.
1225:. Hakluyt Society. p. 119.
1198:. Hakluyt Society. p. 117.
1171:. Hakluyt Society. p. 117.
1144:. Hakluyt Society. p. 116.
851:
498:
299:
219:
194:
36:
1688:
1671:
1644:
1627:The Cambridge History of Africa
1617:
1590:
1563:
1536:
1509:
1492:The Cambridge History of Africa
1482:
1465:The Cambridge History of Africa
1455:
1438:The Cambridge History of Africa
1428:
1401:
1374:
1360:. F. Steiner. pp. 35, 91.
1347:
1320:
1293:
1266:
1239:
1222:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1212:
1195:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1168:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1158:
1141:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1094:Pereira, F. M. Esteves (1900).
713:British Military Administration
623:Late 13th century–18th century)
1940:Christian kingdoms and Empires
1131:
1104:
1087:
1060:
1033:
1016:
1000:
984:
957:
898:
1:
964:Kalb, Jon (27 October 2000).
951:
913:
620:
592:
564:
548:
532:
2358:Countries in medieval Africa
2296:Second Ajuran-Portuguese war
1570:Omer, Mohamed Kheir (2020).
1516:Omer, Mohamed Kheir (2020).
752:Eritrean War of Independence
285:
7:
2291:First Ajuran-Portuguese war
1651:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1597:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1543:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1381:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1300:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1246:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1067:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1040:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
10:
2389:
1327:Donzel, E. J. van (1979).
1273:Donzel, E. J. van (1979).
903:
462:
303:
294:
2304:
2281:Adal conquest of Ethiopia
2268:
2238:
2192:
2148:
2089:
1939:
1753:
1746:
1029:. J. Ruthven. p. 84.
1011:The Ethiopian Borderlands
268:Dancaly, Dancale, Dandali
235:
173:
163:
159:
149:
139:
135:
127:
115:
105:
87:
66:
58:
49:
33:
29:13th century–18th century
28:
21:
1576:. Lulu.com. p. 20.
1522:. Lulu.com. p. 19.
740:Autonomy within Ethiopia
1219:Lobo, JerĂłnimo (1984).
1192:Lobo, JerĂłnimo (1984).
1165:Lobo, JerĂłnimo (1984).
1138:Lobo, JerĂłnimo (1984).
446:Collapse of the kingdom
16:Medieval Muslim kingdom
1678:Heylyn, Peter (1657).
815:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
430:
420:
381:
368:
348:
151:• Disestablished
1023:Bruce, James (1790).
697:East African Campaign
425:
415:
377:
364:
344:
67:Common languages
777:Ethiopian Civil War
685:Italian East Africa
681:Eritrea Governorate
574:Sultanate of Dahlak
141:• Established
2368:History of Eritrea
2276:Ethiopian–Adal war
2246:Kingdom of Wolaita
1921:Sultanate of Showa
1776:Sultanate of Harar
858:Eritrea portal
763:Annexation as the
630:Sultanate of Aussa
354:Coup by King Sahim
330:War against Dobe'a
322:, as far south as
215:Sultanate of Aussa
89:Ethnic groups
23:Kingdom of Dankali
2345:
2344:
2312:Solomonic dynasty
2264:
2263:
1664:978-0-932415-19-6
1637:978-0-521-20413-2
1610:978-0-932415-19-6
1583:978-1-68471-649-4
1556:978-0-932415-19-6
1529:978-1-68471-649-4
1502:978-0-521-20413-2
1475:978-0-521-20413-2
1448:978-0-521-20413-2
1421:978-3-515-04205-5
1394:978-0-932415-19-6
1367:978-3-515-04205-5
1340:978-90-6258-046-0
1313:978-0-932415-19-6
1286:978-90-6258-046-0
1259:978-0-932415-19-6
1232:978-0-904180-15-2
1205:978-0-904180-15-2
1178:978-0-904180-15-2
1151:978-0-904180-15-2
1124:978-1-4094-8281-9
1080:978-0-932415-19-6
1053:978-0-932415-19-6
1007:Richard Pankhurst
977:978-0-387-98742-2
930:Other Settlements
892:
891:
843:
842:
787:
786:
723:
722:
640:
639:
614:Dankali Sultanate
261:
260:
231:
230:
227:
226:
207:
206:
2380:
2337:Makhzumi dynasty
2327:Goobroon dynasty
2317:Walashma dynasty
2286:Oromo migrations
2251:Kingdom of Damot
2239:Wolaita kingdoms
2220:Kingdom of Damot
1751:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
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1405:
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1371:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1324:
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1317:
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1237:
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1156:
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1135:
1129:
1128:
1108:
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1101:
1091:
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1084:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1004:
998:
997:
988:
982:
981:
961:
884:
877:
870:
856:
855:
854:
836:2010s in Eritrea
827:2000s in Eritrea
821:
806:1990s in Eritrea
802:
801:
797:State of Eritrea
783:
771:
765:Eritrea Province
758:
746:
736:
735:
719:
707:
691:
675:
663:
653:
652:
636:
624:
622:
608:
602:Ethiopian Empire
596:
594:
580:
568:
566:
552:
550:
542:Kingdom of Dəmot
536:
534:
513:
512:
502:
492:
474:
473:
266:, also known as
223:
222:
211:
210:
202:Kingdom of Aksum
198:
197:
191:
190:
175:
174:
54:
40:
19:
18:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2300:
2260:
2234:
2193:Sidama kingdoms
2188:
2144:
2085:
1935:
1796:Aussa Sultanate
1742:
1736:
1706:
1693:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1352:
1348:
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1325:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1005:
1001:
993:L'Anthropologie
990:
989:
985:
978:
962:
958:
954:
916:
906:
901:
888:
852:
850:
845:
844:
819:
799:
789:
788:
781:
769:
756:
744:
733:
725:
724:
717:
705:
689:
673:
669:Italian Eritrea
661:
650:
642:
641:
634:
618:
606:
590:
578:
562:
558:Aksumite Empire
546:
530:
510:
490:
483:
465:
448:
435:
406:
373:
356:
332:
308:
302:
297:
288:
278:located in the
257:
220:
195:
152:
142:
101:
83:
45:
42:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Gareen dynasty
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
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2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
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2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
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1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:Horn of Africa
1735:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1687:
1684:. Henry Seile.
1670:
1663:
1643:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1589:
1582:
1562:
1555:
1535:
1528:
1508:
1501:
1481:
1474:
1454:
1447:
1427:
1420:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1346:
1339:
1319:
1312:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1238:
1231:
1211:
1204:
1184:
1177:
1157:
1150:
1130:
1123:
1103:
1086:
1079:
1059:
1052:
1032:
1015:
999:
983:
976:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
927:
926:
923:
920:
915:
912:
911:
910:
905:
902:
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897:
890:
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886:
879:
872:
864:
861:
860:
847:
846:
841:
840:
838:
832:
831:
829:
823:
822:
817:
811:
810:
808:
800:
795:
794:
791:
790:
785:
784:
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773:
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767:
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748:
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742:
734:
731:
730:
727:
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721:
720:
715:
709:
708:
703:
693:
692:
687:
677:
676:
671:
665:
664:
659:
657:Eyalet-i HabeĹź
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
638:
637:
632:
626:
625:
616:
610:
609:
604:
598:
597:
588:
582:
581:
576:
570:
569:
567:150 BC–AD 960)
560:
554:
553:
544:
538:
537:
528:
522:
521:
519:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
495:
494:
485:
484:
477:
464:
461:
447:
444:
434:
431:
405:
402:
372:
369:
355:
352:
331:
328:
304:Main article:
301:
298:
296:
293:
287:
284:
280:Horn of Africa
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
245:
239:
237:
233:
232:
229:
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225:
224:
217:
208:
205:
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199:
187:
186:
181:
171:
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165:
161:
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143:
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137:
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133:
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129:
125:
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119:
113:
112:
107:
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100:
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81:
76:
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68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2385:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:Zagwe dynasty
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
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1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
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1824:
1822:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Aussa Imamate
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1726:
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1719:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1700:
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1691:
1683:
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1660:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1633:
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1612:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1552:
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1539:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
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1350:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1323:
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1309:
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1296:
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1234:
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1207:
1201:
1197:
1196:
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1143:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1003:
995:
994:
987:
979:
973:
969:
968:
960:
956:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
924:
921:
918:
917:
908:
907:
896:
885:
880:
878:
873:
871:
866:
865:
863:
862:
859:
849:
848:
839:
837:
834:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
818:
816:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
798:
793:
792:
780:
778:
775:
774:
768:
766:
762:
761:
755:
753:
750:
749:
743:
741:
738:
737:
732:Post-Colonial
729:
728:
716:
714:
711:
710:
704:
702:
698:
695:
694:
688:
686:
682:
679:
678:
672:
670:
667:
666:
660:
658:
655:
654:
646:
645:
633:
631:
628:
627:
617:
615:
612:
611:
605:
603:
600:
599:
589:
587:
586:Zagwe Dynasty
584:
583:
577:
575:
572:
571:
561:
559:
556:
555:
545:
543:
540:
539:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
506:
505:
501:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
481:
476:
475:
472:
469:
460:
456:
452:
443:
439:
429:
424:
419:
414:
410:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
376:
367:
363:
360:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
327:
325:
324:Bab-el-Mandeb
321:
317:
313:
307:
300:Early history
292:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
238:
236:Today part of
234:
218:
216:
213:
212:
209:
203:
200:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
98:
95:
94:
92:
90:
86:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1957:Akkele Guzay
1835:
1697:
1690:
1680:
1673:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1565:
1545:
1538:
1518:
1511:
1491:
1484:
1464:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1403:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1349:
1329:
1322:
1302:
1295:
1275:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1214:
1194:
1187:
1167:
1160:
1140:
1133:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1089:
1069:
1062:
1042:
1035:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1002:
992:
986:
966:
959:
929:
928:
893:
701:World War II
613:
535:2500–980 BC)
526:Land of Punt
509:Pre-colonial
470:
466:
457:
453:
449:
440:
436:
426:
421:
416:
411:
407:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
361:
357:
349:
345:
333:
309:
289:
271:
267:
263:
262:
184:Succeeded by
183:
178:
155:18th century
145:13th century
2149:Kingdom of
2092:Beta Israel
2090:Kingdom of
938:Degibeldara
935:Degibelcora
899:Major Towns
820:(1998–2000)
782:(1974–1991)
770:(1962–1993)
757:(1961–1991)
745:(1952–1962)
718:(1941–1952)
706:(1940–1941)
690:(1936–1941)
674:(1882–1936)
662:(1554–1872)
635:(1734–1936)
607:(1270–1974)
551:980–400 BC)
489:History of
306:Afar people
276:Afar people
179:Preceded by
2352:Categories
952:References
914:Port Towns
595:1137–1270)
579:(960–1557)
517:Prehistory
312:Andalusian
117:Demonym(s)
2305:Dynasties
2200:Bahargamo
2027:Mai-Tsade
1786:Mogadishu
316:Ibn Sa'id
286:Etymology
106:Religion
2215:Kambaata
2115:Waldebba
2012:Hamasien
2007:Gheralta
2002:Entitcho
1977:Begemder
1947:Ambassel
1811:Aymallal
1801:Arababni
649:Colonial
480:a series
478:Part of
272:Dangalli
253:Djibouti
248:Ethiopia
164:Currency
2256:Welayta
2184:Wolayta
2169:Janjero
2140:Wolqayt
2135:Tsegede
2100:Dembiya
2042:Tselemt
2032:Tembien
2017:Haramat
1997:Enderta
1992:Dembela
1987:Delanta
1926:Tankish
1916:Sharkha
1836:Dankali
1821:Baqulin
1806:Argobba
944:Zagnani
909:Dankali
904:Capital
491:Eritrea
463:Economy
314:writer
295:History
264:Dankali
243:Eritrea
128:History
122:Danakil
62:Dankali
59:Capital
2269:Events
2230:Sigamo
2225:Sidamo
2205:Buzamo
2164:Enarya
2125:Wegera
2120:Semien
2110:Gojjam
2066:Efrata
2052:Semada
2047:Salowa
2037:Tigray
1962:Amhara
1931:Werjih
1911:Qita'a
1906:Nagash
1881:Hadiya
1876:Gurage
1871:Gidaya
1861:Gabaal
1856:Dawaro
1846:Belgin
1831:Dobe'a
1826:Dahlak
1766:Ajuran
1747:States
1661:
1634:
1607:
1580:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1472:
1445:
1418:
1391:
1364:
1337:
1310:
1283:
1256:
1229:
1202:
1175:
1148:
1121:
1077:
1050:
974:
919:Beilul
482:on the
340:Dobe'a
336:Dobe'a
320:Suakin
131:
79:Arabic
2179:Sheka
2174:Kaffa
2159:Dawro
2151:Damot
2130:Qwara
2105:Gafat
2076:Shire
2070:Geshe
2062:Shewa
2057:Serae
2022:Lasta
1982:Bugna
1967:Angot
1952:Agame
1891:Jarin
1886:Harar
1841:Bazin
1791:Tunni
941:Babel
925:Vella
922:Assab
413:king.
168:Amolé
110:Islam
97:Afars
2210:Garo
1972:Bahr
1901:Mora
1896:Maya
1866:Ganz
1851:Dara
1816:Bale
1781:Ifat
1761:Adal
1659:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1551:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1048:ISBN
972:ISBN
947:Zama
270:and
74:Afar
44:Flag
2081:Wag
699:of
683:of
423:as:
2354::
2068:,
1009:,
621:c.
593:c.
565:c.
549:c.
533:c.
326:.
282:.
2072:)
2064:(
1731:e
1724:t
1717:v
1701:.
1667:.
1640:.
1613:.
1586:.
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