240:
1095:
76:
1081:
178:
35:
304:
1067:
345:
Pursuant to the Treaty between the
Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Mutual Legal assistance in Criminal Matters, US authorities can request Canadian authorities to identify, locate, and take into custody of US nationals who have committed a crime that carries
622:
who refused to deploy on the belief that the war was unlawful. He was charged with and convicted of 5 counts of refusing a lawful order. The judge in his case rejected the defense that the war was illegal, saying that the UK armed forces had full justification under United
Nations resolutions to be
527:
Daniel
Sandate – Deported at Niagara Falls, Canada on July 16, 2008, after having been in Canada for over 2 years. He was later court-martialed at Ft. Carson and given an 8-month prison sentence. Sandate released a written statement in prison about his opposition to the war in Iraq. He was released
510:
Clifford
Cornell – In January 2009, Cornell experienced some legal events. On February 4, 2009 Cornell "was arrested on Wednesday after crossing the border from Canada into Washington State". On February 23, 2009, Cornell was charged with the crime of desertion with the intent to "avoid hazardous
658:
Kevin
Benderman – Served one tour in Iraq then applied for conscientious objector status before his second tour. He was acquitted of desertion and found guilty of missing a troop movement. He was sentenced to 15 months in prison, demoted to private and given a dishonorable
387:
However, if the refugee claim is refused and subsequent appeals do not overturn the decision made by IRB, the claimant must leave Canada within 30 days under a removal order. If the claimant does not leave Canada within 30 days or failed to confirm departure details with
583:
Ivan
Brobeck – Refused second tour in Iraq, USMC; returned to the USA to face court-martial for unauthorized absence and missing movement at Quantico in 2006. Ivan was given a 10 month sentence reduced to 63 days due to a pre-trial agreement. Brobeck received a
346:
a possible sentence of more than a year and subsequently extradite them back to US, pursuant to
Extradition Treaty Between the United States of America and Canada. However, the government of the United States must promise those extradited will not receive the
416:
Rodney Watson – On August 5, 2009 he was ordered out of Canada by August 10, 2009, but this was delayed to August 19, 2009. It was again delayed to
September 11, 2009. In light of this order of deportation, he appealed to the First United Church in
367:
have been issued with arrest warrants back in the United States and pursuant to those two agreements above, they are liable for arrest in Canada unless they legalize their status. This can be done by pursuing a refugee claim, about which the
506:
Chris Teske – January 23, 2009, Teske was the first war resister to be forced out of Canada who applied for legal refugee status, did not "fail to comply with bail conditions" (as Robin Long did), and yet was still issued a deportation
440:
reported that Corey Glass "is permitted to remain in Canada until the
Federal Court makes a decision on ... cases for judicial review." He was transferred to the IRR where he remains under Army jurisdiction until they discharge
517:– On August 11, 2009, she was granted a new "Pre Removal Risk Assessment" hearing with a new officer. However, she was deported on September 20, 2012. She was sentenced to ten months' imprisonment and a bad conduct discharge.
594:
James
Burmeister – Returned to US, turned himself in to authorities, was convicted of desertion July 16, 2008, and was sentenced to 9 months in prison. He was released October 28, 2008, after three months and 10 days in
1549:
481:'s July 4, 2008, coverage of the story said that there is now a possibility that he "could qualify as a refugee". On June 3, 2009, Key had a new hearing in front of the Immigration and Refugee Board.
1712:
569:." It is unclear whether or not Ashley had intended to legalize his status by pursuing a refugee claim with the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, or whether he had yet to do so. (See
503:
reported that Long "was ordered out of last week after he failed to comply with bail conditions imposed when he missed an immigration hearing last year. He was deported yesterday."
1605:
2832:
1904:
2854:
1756:
1560:
326:. The following is a list of the more notable military personnel who have refused to participate in the Iraq War, broadly categorized by the reasons they themselves give.
612:
soldier who believes the war in Iraq was illegal and that the government lied about the war's conduct. He was allowed to leave the army with no charges filed against him.
1681:
1139:
1969:
2159:
2511:
2779:
2182:
1724:
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1838:
671:– He applied for conscientious objector status in April 2003, which the Army eventually recognized, and he was honorably discharged in April 2004.
528:
on January 20, 2009, at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, and spoke publicly about his experience at a press conference in Oklahoma City on January 22, 2009.
2945:
2733:
2142:
1187:
1168:"Treaty between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Mutual Legal assistance in Criminal Matters"
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1908:
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1385:
293:
140:
93:
48:
1171:
112:
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1613:
1294:
1935:
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2003:
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1281:
119:
1478:
1129:
459:
369:
644:
is made by the individual, not a government. It is frequently the case that individuals and governments disagree on the status.
2707:
2625:
1788:
1432:
570:
511:
duty and shirk important service". On April 29, 2009, Clifford was convicted of desertion and sentenced to one year in prison.
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2538:
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2095:
1689:
126:
1885:
2428:
289:
108:
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2894:
1389:
1381:
1238:
478:
275:
221:
159:
62:
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in Iraq at the time of the charges and that a crime of aggression could not be carried out by such a junior officer.
203:
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2317:
473:
appeal, thus forcing the Refugee Board to re-examine his claim. Joshua Key will have a new hearing in front of the
1973:
54:
2898:
2515:
2376:
1351:
188:
97:
17:
2486:
2351:
1330:
372:(IRB) will hold a hearing and determine the validity of the claim. If refused, the claimant can appeal to the
2023:
1447:
1134:
1114:
474:
389:
693:
335:
1846:
453:
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133:
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1653:
1124:
297:
1512:
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2078:
1907:. US Government, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Archived from
195:
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1813:
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reported the following: "A 28-year-old man accused of deserting the U.S. army has been caught by
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357:
199:
86:
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641:
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Darrell Anderson – Fled to Canada after 7 months in Iraq. Returned to US without court-martial.
470:
373:
352:
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spokesman Ron Smith says it's not clear if police caught Ashley at the bridge or elsewhere in
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1086:
871:
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652:
615:
585:
411:
2693:
2337:
392:, it automatically becomes a deportation order, enforceable by any peace officer in Canada.
2290:
2246:
1716:
1100:
2592:
8:
2925:
2403:"Military Service in the United States of America: Issues of Conscience and Human Rights"
1556:
1304:
679:
609:
466:
1932:
292:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
253:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2960:
2810:
1996:
1552:
1522:
577:
454:
Objectors granted new IRB panel to reconsider applications for permanent refugee status
347:
485:
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1482:
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1255:
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605:
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737:
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1072:
315:
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430:
2268:
2240:
2146:
2007:
1939:
1792:
1436:
1175:
710:
514:
422:
1352:"US war resister first to take sanctuary in Canada after being ordered deported"
687:
2807:"Courage to Resist - Tony Anderson fights uphill conscientious objector battle"
2654:
2433:
1550:"War deserter Joshua Key says he will be treated unfairly if sent back to U.S."
1359:
1005:
893:
648:
444:
307:
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2313:
1649:
2939:
2438:
2028:
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732:
700:
668:
2708:"Courage to Resist - Resister Ryan Jackson convicted, sentenced to 100 days"
2118:
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800:
778:
674:
629:
554:
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500:
437:
425:. His request was granted and he entered that church on September 18, 2009.
319:
1933:
Courage to Resist – Mentally ill soldier sentenced to 8 months in stockade
860:
Missing movement by design, desertion with intent to avoid hazardous duty
715:
Abdullah William Webster (USA Amnesty International prisoner of conscience
2760:
2607:
2160:"SAS soldier quits Army in disgust at 'illegal' American tactics in Iraq"
2113:
1666:
1634:
521:
2833:"CBP Officers Arrest Suspect in New York Wanted for Military Desertion…"
1606:"Hazing, persecution cited in U.S army deserter's bid to stay in Canada"
310:, the first American Iraq war deserter to seek refugee status in Canada.
2784:
2227:
1905:"CBP Officers Arrest Suspect in New York Wanted for Military Desertion"
960:
840:
Failing to obey commands from superior and missing brigade's movements
562:
550:
496:
2197:
2626:"Army Reservist Ghanim Khalil, Announces that He'll Refuse to Deploy"
2183:"'I didn't join the British Army to conduct American foreign policy'"
1970:"Daniel Sandate's statement about the war in Iraq | JMBzine.com"
1299:
811:
704:
490:
418:
364:
2780:"Army deserter freed from brig in San Diego after serving 12 months"
1188:"Extradition Treaty Between the United States of America and Canada"
578:
Objectors who willingly returned to the US without deportation order
206:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
75:
1953:
542:
486:
Objectors deported from Canada or left because of deportation order
323:
545:. James Ashley was returned to the United States on Monday at the
2893:
1806:"U.S. soldier charged with desertion after returning from Canada"
1642:
1638:
1609:
1448:"we move to canada: war resister update: matt lowell, kim rivera"
1380:
558:
303:
1646:
566:
538:
431:
Objectors granted stay of deportation pending further decisions
2930:
938:(Returned to the US without being given a deportation order.)
1218:
The refugee system: Refugee claims in Canada – after applying
2855:"Army deserter's sentence cut with aid of Canadian support"
2079:"US Military Personnel Growing Critical of the War in Iraq"
1872:"Waterloo Region News - Latest Daily Breaking News Stories"
1008:(imprisonment began July 16, 2008; ended January 20, 2009)
1997:"OKC peace community welcomes war resister Daniel Sandate"
750:
699:
as it deployed to the Persian Gulf on December 6, 2004. A
1713:"U.S. army deserter gives up his fight to stay in Canada"
619:
561:. Smith says there's an arrest warrant for Ashley out of
1757:"Gabriola war-resister arrested at border in Washington"
599:
2585:"USA: Prisoner of conscience: Abdullah William Webster"
1033:(Applied for legal status; given a deportation order.)
964:(Applied for legal status; given a deportation order.)
692:
Pablo Paredes – A Navy sailor who refused to board the
2096:"Soldier who fled to Canada released by U.S. military"
1928:
1926:
1833:
1831:
1759:. Nanaimo Daily News. February 5, 2009. Archived from
522:
Objectors who had not applied for legal refugee status
2579:
2577:
2487:"American Veteran: Podcast Transcript: Clifton Hicks"
2283:
1866:
1864:
1429:"London war resister Lowell gets stay on deportation"
2429:"A Soldier Hoped to Do Good, but Was Changed by War"
1845:, Nanaimo Daily News. April 28, 2009. Archived from
1523:
http://www.resisters.ca/WRSCRelease_july408_jkey.pdf
1231:
You Asked about ... immigration and citizenship
1228:
1062:
2236:"RAF doctor faces court martial over stand on Iraq"
1992:
1990:
1923:
1828:
1581:
974:Desertion with the intent to stay away permanently
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2848:
2846:
2608:"American army deserter given nine months in jail"
2574:
2512:"Sailor opposed to Iraq war refuses to board ship"
2114:"American army deserter given nine months in jail"
1861:
491:Objectors who had applied for legal refugee status
449:Matt Lowell (October 27, 2008 and January 6, 2009)
2694:"USA: Prisoner of conscience: AgustĂn Aguayo (M)"
2261:
1886:"U.S. war deserter given another stay of removal"
1839:"U.S. war deserter, who lived in B.C., sentenced"
1637:, the host for CANOE Live, a local TV program on
1633:Joshua Key being interviewed on June 2, 2009, by
395:
2937:
2426:
1987:
1010:(Did not apply for legal status; was deported.)
640:For purposes of this list, the determination of
329:
2852:
2843:
2536:
2338:USA: Prisoner of conscience: AgustĂn Aguayo (m)
2311:
1535:"U.S. deserter could qualify as refugee: court"
1386:"War resister takes refuge in Vancouver church"
897:(Amnesty International prisoner of conscience)
1964:
1962:
1949:
1947:
1055:"***" – Was in Canada as an Iraq war resister
541:police and turned over to U.S. authorities in
2562:
2560:
2462:"A Military Resister's Words on Memorial Day"
2051:"Accused U.S. deserter turned over at border"
2537:Weill-Greenberg, Elizabeth (March 4, 2005).
2420:
2377:"Soldier Who Refused Iraq Duty Is Sentenced"
1667:"Other war resisters undaunted by expulsion"
1292:
2666:
2459:
2206:"RAF officer faces jail over 'illegal war'"
2024:"Oklahoma soldier's choice offers a lesson"
1959:
1944:
1286:
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2761:"Iraq war resister sentenced to 15 months"
2557:
1233:. Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 66.
635:
2293:. London: The Guardian UK. April 13, 2006
2233:
2107:
2105:
2077:Mascolo, Georg; von Ilsemann, Siegesmund
618:– A British unit medical officer for the
531:James Ashley – On December 23, 2008, the
276:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
2899:"War deserter released from U.S. prison"
2618:
2349:
1710:
1254:Shephard, Michelle (September 6, 2008).
1253:
302:
2453:
2305:
2203:
2180:
2157:
2017:
2015:
1902:
1679:
751:Punishments given to Iraq War resisters
460:Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
370:Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
14:
2938:
2758:
2734:"Courage to Resist - James Burmeister"
2605:
2509:
2140:"Courage to Resist – James Burmeister"
2111:
2102:
1711:Bellaart, Darrell (January 24, 2009).
1664:
1458:
1409:
1049:11 months (Released January 16, 2010)
571:Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
340:
2853:Darrell Bellart (December 22, 2009).
2777:
2427:Laurie Goodstein (October 13, 2006).
2312:Wilfredo Torres (November 11, 2002).
2291:"RAF doctor jailed over Iraq refusal"
1803:
1680:Lazurak, Suzanne (January 23, 2009).
1603:
1547:
1256:"U.S. deserter feared torture orders"
1046:one year, later reduced to 11 months
600:Objectors claiming the war is illegal
2591:. September 16, 2004. Archived from
2568:"URGENT ACTION for Abdullad Webster"
2514:. Signonsandiego.com. Archived from
2350:Zucchino, David (February 7, 2005).
2234:Halfpenny, Martin (March 15, 2006).
2021:
2012:
1682:"Let deserters stay, activists urge"
1582:laura k (wmtc blog) (June 5, 2009).
1412:"War resister's deportation on hold"
1145:
469:– On July 4, 2008, Joshua Key won a
233:
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
2314:"Statement of Pvt. Wilfredo Torres"
2204:Leppard, David (October 16, 2005).
1130:Post–September 11 anti-war movement
436:Corey Glass – On July 9, 2008, the
350:, in accordance with the ruling of
24:
2660:
2541:. Commondreams.org. Archived from
2269:"Jail for Iraq refusal RAF doctor"
1812:. Associated Press. Archived from
1584:"joshua key irb hearing, part one"
25:
2972:
2926:"We move to Canada" Blog (Canada)
2919:
2903:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2895:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2628:. Citizen Soldier. Archived from
2510:Rogers, Rick (December 7, 2004).
1804:Bynum, Russ (February 26, 2009).
1390:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1382:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
479:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
44:This article has multiple issues.
2946:American anti–Iraq War activists
2759:Kyonka, Nick (August 23, 2008).
2466:Vietnam Veterans Against The War
2318:Vietnam Veterans Against The War
2181:Rayment, Sean (March 12, 2006).
2158:Rayment, Sean (March 12, 2006).
2022:Dean, Bryon (January 25, 2009).
1903:Corsaro, Kevin (July 16, 2008).
1782:"Soldier charged with desertion"
1293:Vince Beiser (August 26, 2004).
1093:
1079:
1065:
662:Ricky Clousing- US Army soldier
363:Because of the possibility that
238:
176:
74:
33:
2887:
2877:
2825:
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2771:
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2700:
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2043:
1896:
1878:
1797:
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1749:
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1704:
1673:
1658:
1627:
1612:Community News). Archived from
1597:
1575:
1541:
1527:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1471:
1452:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1374:
1029:
1002:
957:
934:
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
2667:Lee Nichols (August 6, 2004).
2606:Kyonka, Nick (July 17, 2008).
2112:Kyonka, Nick (July 17, 2008).
1956:. War Resisters' International
1665:Kyonka, Nick (July 16, 2008).
1604:Serba, Andrew (June 3, 2009).
1459:Perkel, Colin (July 4, 2008).
1344:
1319:
1275:
1247:
1222:
1211:
1180:
1161:
888:2 months plus other penalties
882:Refusal to obey a legal order
396:Objectors who remain in Canada
13:
1:
2931:Canada Border Services Agency
1548:Byrne, Ciara (June 3, 2009).
1410:Kyonka, Nick (July 9, 2008).
1229:Government of Canada (2002).
1155:
1135:Protests against the Iraq war
1115:Canada and Iraq War resisters
475:Immigration and Refugee Board
390:Canada Border Services Agency
330:Objectors who moved to Canada
2778:Perry, Tony (July 9, 2009).
2460:Diedra Cobb (May 26, 2003).
2407:War resisters' international
2352:"Breaking Ranks to Shun War"
2098:. CBC News. October 6, 2006.
336:Iraq War resisters in Canada
109:"List of Iraq War resisters"
7:
1559:(Vancouver). Archived from
1479:"U.S. deserter wins appeal"
1461:"U.S. deserter wins appeal"
1140:The Right to Refuse to Kill
1058:
202:the claims made and adding
10:
2977:
2185:. London: The Telegraph UK
2162:. London: The telegraph UK
1938:November 18, 2009, at the
1791:February 26, 2009, at the
1125:Opposition to the Iraq War
333:
287:
2145:January 24, 2009, at the
1537:. CBC News. July 4, 2008.
1174:February 5, 2005, at the
885:8 months plus fine, etc.
824:Abdullah William Webster
247:This article needs to be
2340:. Amnesty International.
2245:. London. Archived from
830:prisoner of conscience)
719:
499:– On July 16, 2008, the
2956:Conscientious objectors
655:Prisoner of Conscience)
642:conscientious objection
636:Conscientious objectors
384:, if leave is granted.
382:Supreme Court of Canada
378:Federal Court of Appeal
358:Supreme Court of Canada
1686:The Vancouver Province
353:United States v. Burns
320:refused to participate
311:
2714:on September 23, 2009
2595:on February 21, 2023.
2589:Amnesty International
2381:The Los Angeles Times
2356:The Los Angeles Times
2271:. BBC. April 13, 2006
2211:The Sunday Times (UK)
1849:on September 28, 2022
1435:July 6, 2011, at the
1110:2003 Invasion of Iraq
1087:Modern history portal
954:3 months and 10 days
936:***James Burmeister
872:Malcolm Kendall-Smith
828:Amnesty International
789:Unauthorized absence
705:absence without leave
653:Amnesty International
616:Malcolm Kendall-Smith
586:bad conduct discharge
314:Some soldiers of the
306:
2897:(January 16, 2010).
1816:on 30 September 2022
1717:Canwest News Service
1616:on February 24, 2012
1431:> LondonTopic.ca
1384:(October 19, 2009).
1333:on February 24, 2012
1307:on December 19, 2007
1101:United States portal
1031:***Clifford Cornell
703:found him guilty of
294:adding missing items
94:improve this article
2813:on October 15, 2008
2740:on January 24, 2009
2632:on January 13, 2004
2441:on December 8, 2007
2059:. December 23, 2008
1727:on November 6, 2012
1557:Metro International
773:Actual prison time
733:Christopher Magaoay
680:Katherine Jashinski
341:Legal and political
2951:Iraq War resisters
2859:Nanaimo Daily News
2518:on January 1, 2007
2213:, October 16, 2005
2085:, January 17, 2005
2006:2009-02-06 at the
1892:. August 11, 2009.
1553:The Canadian Press
1362:. October 20, 2009
380:, and finally the
312:
187:possibly contains
1692:on 26 August 2009
1295:"Just Deserters?"
1152:
1151:
1120:Nuremberg Defense
1053:
1052:
547:Blue Water Bridge
286:
285:
278:
268:
267:
232:
231:
224:
189:original research
170:
169:
162:
144:
67:
16:(Redirected from
2968:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2861:. Archived from
2850:
2841:
2840:
2835:. Archived from
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2809:. Archived from
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2736:. Archived from
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2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2710:. Archived from
2704:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2673:Austin Chronicle
2664:
2658:
2657:, March 18, 2007
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2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2539:"Saving Paredes"
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2491:American Veteran
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:. Archived from
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
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2243:, March 15, 2006
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2019:
2010:
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316:coalition forces
298:reliable sources
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2696:. 8 March 2007.
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2651:The Women’s War
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766:
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742:Suzanne Swift
741:
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729:Ghanim Khalil
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701:court martial
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2811:the original
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2783:
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2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2738:the original
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:the original
2702:
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2676:. Retrieved
2669:"Naked City"
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2630:the original
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2593:the original
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2543:the original
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1814:the original
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1767:February 10,
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1483:the original
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1395:November 10,
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1366:February 16,
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1331:the original
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1261:Toronto Star
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