512:
each was raised about five or six feet at a time. Workers had about 150 days — before seasonal flooding — to construct the dam to a height of at least 250 ft (76 m). Before flooding began, engineers planned to seal the diversion tunnels and begin filling the reservoir. To speed the pouring process, concrete was poured in casts by buckets that moved along three cableways suspended above the construction site. The deadline was met within the 150 days and a total of 1,000,000 cu yd (760,000 m) of concrete was poured. The dam was eventually completed in 1968.
508:. Once the river was diverted, workers pumped the remaining water out between the two cofferdams in order to prepare the site for construction. Once drained, workers excavated the alluvial deposits between the cofferdams, creating a long pit that was 150 ft (46 m) deep at the centre. This pit was then filled with concrete in the summer of 1962. To prevent seepage in the dam's foundation, a grout curtain was injected in the bedrock and a drainage network with 2,400 ft (730 m) of tunnels was constructed just downstream of the dam to collect water that might seep through.
48:
614:. The Daniel-Johnson dam is a 214 m (702 ft) tall and 1,312 m (4,304 ft) long multiple-arch buttress dam. Of the dam's 14 total buttresses, the two that form the centre arch are 530 ft (160 m) apart at their base while the others are about 250 ft (76 m) apart. At its thickest point, the centre, the dam is 22.5 m (74 ft) wide while the crest can reach about 3 m (10 ft) wide. Pressure from water behind the dam is transferred from the dam's arches to its buttresses and lastly into the ground or its foundation.
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35:
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648:, creating Manicouagan Reservoir. Coincidentally, the reservoir itself is the fifth largest in the world as well. The reservoir has a maximum depth of 350 m (1,150 ft), mean depth of 85 m (279 ft) and contains 142 km (34 cu mi) of water. While draining an area of 29,241 km (18,170 mi), it has a surface area of 1,950 km (750 sq mi) and shoreline of 1,322 km (821 mi).
962:
627:
55:
556:, the former Hydraulic Resources minister responsible for the consolidation of all investor-owned utilities into Hydro-Québec. Photographs taken at the banquet show the three men were in excellent spirits, holding hands and smiling, although relations between the Lesage and Lévesque, his former cabinet minister, were strained by Lévesque's recent defection to the
435:
at the time was so promising that Hydro-Québec did not wait for the working group to submit their final recommendations. By 1959, a decision was made and construction of a 210 kilometres (130 mi) access road from Baie-Comeau was started. The original project, the
Manicouagan-Outardes project, included the construction of five dams on the Manicouagan River (
412:. The combined flow was then estimated at 40 million cubic meters, making it one of the largest hydrological systems in Canada. Although harnessing of this potential was considered interesting, its distance from major load centres and the lack of roads in the area were identified as major drawbacks, and building dams in the wilderness was considered too costly.
618:
concrete's strength in compression was initially 4,500 lbs. per square inch to meet an estimated 1,500 PSI within the structure. The upstream face of the dam was also coated in asphalt for protection against water. Despite the strength of the dam's concrete, two parallel inclined cracks were discovered on one of the arches shortly after construction.
536:
On
September 25, 1968, the government-owned utility organized a ceremony to mark the completion of the Manicouagan-5 dam. Hundreds of dignitaries, politicians, utility executives, financiers, engineers and journalists were ferried by plane from Montreal, Quebec City and New York to the work-site to
490:
Construction on the dam's support facilities began in 1959 and the river diversion tunnels and foundation preparation commenced in 1960. To divert the
Manicouagan River, workers blasted and dug two 2,000 ft (610 m) long and 45 ft (14 m) diameter tunnels through the gorge's solid
434:
In 1955, Hydro-Québec launched a 5-year extensive assessment of the
Manicouagan's suitability. These studies demonstrated the exceptional potential of the river and stressed the advantages of building a multi-dam system in order take full advantage of the terrain and water flows. The data collected
902:, and August 31. Off-season tours can also be arranged by appointment. The two-hour tour includes a briefing on the construction and operation of the facility, a visit of the Manic-5 powerhouse and a bus ride to the base and the crest of the dam, which has a view of the Manicouagan River valley. A
511:
After the extensive preparatory works were complete, the first concrete for the dam was poured on
October 3, 1962. Concrete was poured day and night, but was halted during the winter because of freezing temperatures. To organize the pouring, the dam was split into 45 ft (14 m) plots and
617:
The dam was constructed with a high-quality concrete designed to withstand constant thawing and freezing associated with its environment. To further help the structure cope with the climate, engineers placed one-inch steel reinforcing bars within the upstream and downstream faces of the dam. The
735:
The designers of the Manic-5 decided on an above ground power house that was downstream of the dam for safety and cost. The intake was built on the east side of the dam and supplies two 3,400 ft (1,000 m), long 36 ft (11 m) diameter concrete-lined
495:
were built. The first was a concrete arch upstream from the dam site which would block the river, forcing it into the diversion tunnels. The second cofferdam was downstream and prevented water from flowing back into the construction site. Each cofferdam was built on
744:
for sudden rises in water pressure from the two penstocks. Each surge tank has an 80 ft (24 m) diameter expansion chamber and is about 40 ft (12 m) higher than the actual dam structure. The surge tanks protect the penstocks and turbines from
578:. "I've got bad news, Robert...", said Giroux, adding that he just found the Premier lying dead in his bed. Johnson's sudden demise sent shock waves at the work-site and across the province and the dedication ceremony was quickly cancelled.
388:, responsible for starting the project while serving as a minister in Duplessis's government. Johnson died on 26 September 1968, the day he was to preside over the scheduled inauguration of the dam. The facility is owned and operated by
376:
with a combined capacity of 2,660 MW. The dam is 214 m (702 ft) tall, 1,314 m (4,311 ft) long and contains 2,200,000 m (2,900,000 cu yd) of concrete, making it the largest dam of its type in the world.
673:
in the centre of the
Manicouagan reservoir by merging two crescent-shaped lakes: Mouchalagane Lake on the western side and Manicouagan Lake on the eastern side. Covering an area of 2,020 km (780 sq mi),
740:(tunnels). Just before reaching the power house and its eight turbines, each penstock splits into four branches. The power house is about 2,500 ft (760 m) downstream of the dam and utilizes two
761:
in Quebec, a time when recently nationalized "Hydro-Québec rapidly becomes a symbol of the new Quebec nationalism and of the new economic strategy of the State", explains historian Paul-André Linteau.
431:
technologies became significant, with construction of two 315-kilovolt lines, between the
Bersimis complex, west of the Manicouagan system, and Montreal, (completed in 1956) lifting another obstacle.
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The island was named after René Levasseur, the chief engineer responsible for the construction of the Daniel-Johnson dam. Levasseur died at the age of 35, only days before the dam's inauguration.
790:, which tells the story of a construction worker at the remote jobsite who describes his loneliness to his wife in words that captured the collective imagination of the Quebec public.
585:
accompanied by
Johnson's widow and children, unveiled two plaques and officially dedicated the dam after his predecessor. Both plaques now sit side by side at the top of the complex.
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calls Hydro-Québec a "colossus on the march". In this context, the construction of the complex is closely followed by the public and becomes part of the popular culture of that era.
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474:
was against the idea. Johnson believed that the skill of a
Canadian firm and workers was well suited for the construction of such a complex dam. Duplessis' successor in 1959,
459:). However, a miscalculation prevented the construction of the Manic-4 dam and powerhouse because engineers realized early on that it would encroach on the Manic-3 reservoir.
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808:
is about an attempt by arch-villain Roman
Orgonetz to breach the dam by destroying the surge chamber by remote-controlled detonation, a plan foiled by Morane and his
491:
granite west wall. Workers used "jumbo" drilling platforms and the tunnels progressed 14 ft (4.3 m) each shift. To facilitate the river's diversion, two
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During the summers of 1919 and 1920, hydrological studies were conducted on the Manicouagan and Outardes rivers, flowing into the St. Lawrence near the town of
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The Manicouagan Reservoir has been nicknamed the "Eye of Quebec". Daniel-Johnson Dam is located towards the bottom of image, beginning of reservoir.
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1286:
1028:
The hyphen added to Johnson's full name is standard in French-language toponyms, here clarifying that the whole name is an adjective applying to
666:, although tall trees flooded during the impoundment have not decomposed due to a lack of oxygen, which can sometimes interfere with the sport.
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The construction of the Daniel-Johnson Dam and the Manic-Outardes complex happened in a larger social and political context of the
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The dam is also a tourist attraction. Since the 1960s, Hydro-Québec organizes four daily tours of the facility between June 24,
2112:
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427:. At the same time, industrial development in southern Quebec required a larger electric supply. Improvements in long-distance
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Although picture-taking is allowed in the visitor centre and outside, cameras have been banned inside the powerhouses since a
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Dedication plaque of the Daniel Johnson Dam, unveiled by Johnson's successor, Jean-Jacques Bertrand on September 26, 1969.
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This newfound euphoric attitude is found in newspapers of the period. In a series of papers published in Montreal's
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1963:
Dion, Robert; Lambert, Jacques; Corbeau, Marcel; Gagnon, FĂ©licien; Landry, Armour; Desraspes, Jean (April 1964),
1229:
Dion, Robert; Lambert, Jacques; Corbeau, Marcel; Gagnon, FĂ©licien; Landry, Armour; Desraspes, Jean (April 1964),
815:, Bill Ballantine. Prior to writing his novel, Vernes spent some time at the worksite, at the invitation of the
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2017:
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and the increased forestry activity led to a rapid development of the region. The area's largest cities,
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1111:
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The design was chosen for strength and economical reasons as it used less concrete or material than a
1967:, Service des relations extérieures d'Hydro-Québec (in French), Montreal: Imprimerie Pierre DesMarais
1233:, Service des relations extérieures d'Hydro-Québec (in French), Montreal: Imprimerie Pierre DesMarais
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agreed with Johnson and he continued to pave the way for the dam. Eventually, engineers would choose
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The Manic-5 powerhouse (left) and Manic-5-PA exit canal (right), as seen from the crest of the dam.
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which would occur if the turbine gates were quickly closed and water pressure suddenly increases.
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The dam fuels two powerhouses, the Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA. The first powerhouse consists of eight
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was also inspired by the gigantic project and made the Manic-5 project the setting of one of his
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1939:
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360:. The dam is composed of 14 buttresses and 13 arches and is 214 km (133 mi) north of
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470:, wanted a US firm to construct the dam but Quebec's Minister of Water Resources at the time,
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635:
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235:
1941:
Du génie au pouvoir : Robert A. Boyd, à la gouverne d'Hydro-Québec aux years glorieuses
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Detail of an arch of the dam. Red lines were drawn to indicate the presence of small cracks.
859:
816:
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1806:
1711:
1259:. International Water Power and Dam Construction Magazine. October 6, 2009. Archived from
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of power, which went online in 1970. The second powerhouse, the Manic-5-PA (PA stands for
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The dam impounded the Manicouagan River, which filled the Earth's fifth largest confirmed
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8:
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powerhouses in February 2005. The incident led to the resignations of Hydro-Québec's CEO
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The hydroelectric project also gave its name to Montreal's first foray into professional
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or additional power), was commissioned in 1989, and consists of four Francis turbines of
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2004:, Pocket - Marabout / Marabout Junior (in French), Verviers, Belgium: GĂ©rard & Co
1977:
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500:(loose soil), so they needed to be watertight, which was accomplished with either a
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34:
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On September 26, 1969, a year to the day after Johnson's death, the new Premier
482:'s design for a multiple arch buttress dam as the most suitable and economical.
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2041:"Hydroélectricité : le pouvoir de l'eau - Les Archives de Radio-Canada"
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967:
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The dam is about three hours' drive from Baie-Comeau along narrow, winding
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Hydro-Québec organizes free guided tours of the facility during the summer.
843:
794:
746:
520:
400:
368:, Canada. The dam was constructed between 1959 and 1970 for the purpose of
299:
1200:(in French). Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec. Archived from
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1740:, vol. 9, no. 2, Canada Post Corporation, pp. 16, 18, 2000
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After the Second World War, the discovery of large iron deposits on the
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A hydrological survey was conducted on the Manicouagan river in 1919.
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visitor's centre, 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Baie-Comeau.
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1257:"Under the influence - 60 most influential people in the industry"
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power production and supplies water to the Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA
1974:
Histoire du Québec contemporain - Volume 2: Le Québec depuis 1930
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in the world located in a lake, in terms of area (the largest is
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436:
423:
and Baie-Comeau, were now linked to the rest of the province by
1084:"Canada's Coming of Age: 1945-1970: Daniel Johnson Dam, Quebec"
907:
574:
recalls being woken up at 6 a.m. the next morning by his boss,
365:
159:
83:
1531:"La réserve de biodiversité projetée de l'île René-Levasseur"
1195:"Daniel Johnson, premier ministre du Québec de 1966 à 1968"
1139:"Manic 5: witness the colossal genius in Quebec hydropower"
1920:
Bolduc, André; Hogue, Clarence; Larouche, Daniel (1989),
1402:"Detection of Fractures in Concrete by the GPR Technique"
882:
sheet depicting "engineering and technological marvels".
826:
Other notable visitors to the construction site included
349:
1962:
1228:
447:, Manic-4 and Manic-5) and three on the Outardes River (
819:
and Hydro-Québec. The book was launched in 1965 at the
752:
2015:
1857:"Hydro-Québec: Thierry Vandal succède à André Caillé"
917:
television crew entered the unguarded Manic-5-PA and
910:
spot, with a view of the dam, which is lit at night.
2038:
1540:(in French), Quebec City, p. 14, archived from
1529:
Québec (ministère de l’Environnement) (April 2003),
1086:. Hydro-Québec Archives through Royal Ontario Museum
943:
570:
In his authorized biography, Hydro-Québec executive
1919:
1670:
1430:"Impact Structures listed by Diameter (Increasing)"
1339:
1243:
1922:Hydro-Québec: l'héritage d'un siècle d'électricité
1453:"The World's Top Ten Largest Reservoirs by Volume"
866:. The franchise competed for three seasons in the
847:depiction of the dam. A colourized version of the
669:The priming of the reservoir also created a large
537:attend a banquet and a plaque unveiling ceremony.
1944:(in French), Montreal: Libre-Expression, p.
1890:(in French), Montreal: Hydro-Québec, p. 41,
1884:Profil régional des activités d'Hydro-Québec 2009
1808:Daniel-Johnson Dam and Manic-5 Generating Station
995:List of conventional hydroelectric power stations
833:, who left an original drawing of his characters
524:Original dedication plaque — Manicouagan 5, 1968.
2064:
1976:, Boréal Compact (in French), Montreal: Boréal,
1777:"Les barrages de Manic, des Ĺ“uvres gigantesques"
1538:Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement
936:. Hydro-Québec reported 8,217 visitors in 2009.
1409:16th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing
1640:
1573:, Historica-Dominion Institute, archived from
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1293:. Vol. 186, no. 2. pp. 126–129.
1000:Hydro-Québec's electricity transmission system
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214:2,200,000 m (2,900,000 cu yd)
2073:Manicouagan-Outardes hydroelectric project
1831:"Sécurité déficiente aux barrages d'Hydro"
1709:
1683:"Télévision - Là où le Québec s'inventait"
1287:"Caging a River to Build a Skyscraper dam"
1219:
54:
33:
2047:(in French), Radio-Canada, archived from
1924:(in French), Montreal: Libre-Expression,
2016:Rex Loring (reporter) (March 17, 1964),
1854:
1284:
990:List of largest power stations in Canada
889:
704:
625:
597:
527:
519:
515:
399:
80:Manicouagan Regional County Municipality
2103:Energy infrastructure completed in 1970
1989:
1971:
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1522:
1400:Rhazi, J.; Dous, O.; Kaveh, S. (2004),
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878:featuring the Dam as part of a 4-stamp
870:in the early 1980s. In March 2000, the
678:is considered to be the second largest
651:The reservoir is a well known area for
255:29,241 km (11,290 sq mi)
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1999:
1937:
1698:
1499:
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1363:
1351:
1192:
1166:"Thorn Tree - Translating place names"
906:five minutes away by car is a popular
245:142 km (115,000,000 acreâ‹…ft)
2039:Jean Ducharme (host) (May 31, 1963),
1798:
1783:(in French), Montreal, archived from
1137:Guimont, Andréanne (August 3, 2010).
1765:
1519:
1275:
1183:
1127:
1098:
1071:
304:4 x 266 MW Francis-type (Manic-5-PA)
1285:Rehfield, John C. (February 1965).
753:Cultural and political significance
263:1,950 km (753 sq mi)
13:
1913:
1855:Turcotte, Claude (April 7, 2005),
1829:Radio-Canada (February 16, 2005).
1712:"Bob Morane, ingénieur aventurier"
1710:St-Hilaire, MĂ©lanie (April 2004),
1478:Hebert, Paul (November 21, 2008).
1450:
1163:
561:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association
14:
2124:
2026:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2009:
1671:Bolduc, Hogue & Larouche 1989
1340:Bolduc, Hogue & Larouche 1989
1244:Bolduc, Hogue & Larouche 1989
1113:Hydroelectric Generating Stations
2018:"Hydro chez nous - CBC Archives"
1500:Diotte, Simon (August 4, 2010),
1010:René-Lévesque generating station
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960:
946:
164:Concrete, multiple-arch buttress
53:
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1502:"Pêcher dans un pays démeusuré"
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1480:"Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec"
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485:
1775:Giguère, Lise (May 28, 2009),
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1049:
1022:
1005:Jean-Lesage generating station
929:, less than two months later.
853:Jean-Lesage generating station
700:
686:, located within neighbouring
348:, is a multiple-arch buttress
62:Location of Daniel-Johnson dam
1:
2113:Publicly owned dams in Canada
2108:1970 establishments in Quebec
2098:Dams on the Manicouagan River
1689:, Paul Cauchon, 19 April 2003
1141:. suite101.fr. Archived from
1043:
732:in total installed capacity.
720:, capable of producing up to
588:
540:Among the guests were Quebec
395:
1972:Linteau, Paul-André (1989),
925:, and chairman of the Board
868:North American Soccer League
646:Manicouagan impact structure
621:
190:1,314 m (4,311 ft)
7:
1455:. About.com. Archived from
939:
851:drawing is featured at the
10:
2129:
786:penned his 1966 hit song,
633:
1622:"Hydro-Quebec Manic-5-PA"
1571:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1057:"Daniel Johnson (French)"
837:the reporter and his dog
356:that creates the annular
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2002:Terreur Ă la Manicouagan
1994:, Montreal: Hydro-Québec
1565:Sitwell, O.F.G. (2010),
1116:, Montreal: Hydro-Québec
1015:
806:Terreur Ă la Manicouagan
380:The dam was named after
222:Service, gate-controlled
206:22.5 m (74 ft)
182:214 m (702 ft)
982:Renewable energy portal
872:Canada Post Corporation
726:puissance additionnelle
310:Installed capacity
128:Construction began
2093:Dams completed in 1970
2000:Vernes, Henri (1965),
1990:Paradis, Paul (1967),
1938:Bolduc, André (2000),
1781:Le Journal de Montréal
1738:Canada's Stamp Details
1034:Barrage Daniel-Johnson
895:
793:Belgian-born novelist
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631:
603:
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341:Barrage Daniel-Johnson
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65:Barrage Daniel-Johnson
27:Barrage Daniel-Johnson
1881:Hydro-Québec (2010),
1863:(in French), Montreal
1805:Hydro-Québec (2010),
1508:(in French), Montreal
1110:Hydro-Québec (2019),
900:Quebec's National Day
893:
880:Millennium Collection
841:posing in front of a
821:Hydro-Québec Building
708:
676:René-Levasseur Island
636:Manicouagan Reservoir
629:
601:
583:Jean-Jacques Bertrand
563:, a precursor of the
531:
523:
516:Dedication and naming
429:electric transmission
403:
358:Manicouagan Reservoir
344:), formerly known as
236:Manicouagan Reservoir
198:3 m (10 ft)
160:Type of dam
112:50.64667°N 68.72444°W
18:Dam in Quebec, Canada
1547:on December 20, 2018
1170:www.lonelyplanet.com
288:1989-90 (Manic-5-PA)
283:Commission date
1787:on January 18, 2013
1577:on December 9, 2007
1459:on February 4, 2017
548:, his predecessor,
504:or deep supporting
251:Catchment area
242:Total capacity
117:50.64667; -68.72444
108: /
1602:on August 28, 2009
1246:, pp. 137–139
1145:on August 17, 2010
896:
862:, the short-lived
711:
632:
604:
546:Daniel Johnson Sr.
534:
526:
406:
382:Daniel Johnson Sr.
332:Daniel-Johnson dam
219:Spillway type
195:Width (crest)
24:Daniel-Johnson dam
1897:978-2-550-58161-1
1753:Missing or empty
1628:on March 28, 2006
1366:, pp. 99–100
874:issued a 46 cent
817:Quebec government
684:Manitoulin Island
671:artificial island
498:alluvial deposits
468:Maurice Duplessis
464:Premier of Quebec
386:Premier of Quebec
354:Manicouagan River
328:
327:
286:1970-71 (Manic-5)
260:Surface area
203:Width (base)
173:Manicouagan River
154:Dam and spillways
136:Opening date
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1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1649:, pp. 25–26
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1624:. Archived from
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1598:. Archived from
1592:
1586:
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1584:
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1451:Briney, Amanda.
1448:
1442:
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1420:
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1418:
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1406:
1397:
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1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1330:, pp. 16–17
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1306:, pp. 21–22
1301:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:on June 14, 2011
1253:
1247:
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1226:
1217:
1216:
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1199:
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1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1164:Planet, Lonely.
1161:
1155:
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1152:
1150:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1107:
1096:
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1080:
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1064:
1059:. Hydrelect.info
1053:
1037:
1026:
984:
979:
978:
970:
965:
964:
956:
951:
950:
949:
802:adventure novels
772:Renaude Lapointe
759:Quiet Revolution
731:
723:
642:impact structure
123:
122:
120:
119:
118:
113:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
57:
56:
50:
37:
21:
20:
2128:
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2118:
2117:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2051:on June 2, 2011
2030:
2028:
2012:
1984:
1956:
1932:
1916:
1914:Further reading
1911:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1887:
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1875:
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1326:
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1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1291:Popular Science
1283:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1207:on July 6, 2011
1204:
1197:
1193:Québec (2003).
1191:
1184:
1174:
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973:
966:
959:
952:
947:
945:
942:
919:Robert-Bourassa
888:
755:
729:
721:
703:
653:Atlantic salmon
638:
624:
596:
591:
565:Parti Québécois
542:Union Nationale
518:
488:
398:
319:
303:
287:
211:Dam volume
116:
114:
110:
107:
102:
99:
97:
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94:
71:
70:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
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25:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2126:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Dams in Quebec
2075:
2061:
2060:
2036:
2011:
2010:External links
2008:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1992:Manic-Outardes
1987:
1982:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1935:
1930:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1896:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1811:, Hydro-Québec
1797:
1764:
1729:
1717:Québec Science
1702:
1691:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1613:
1596:"Hydro-Quebec"
1587:
1557:
1518:
1492:
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986:
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971:
957:
941:
938:
927:André Bourbeau
887:
884:
864:Montreal Manic
777:For instance,
754:
751:
702:
699:
690:'s portion of
634:Main article:
623:
620:
612:embankment dam
595:
592:
590:
587:
572:Robert A. Boyd
517:
514:
487:
484:
472:Daniel Johnson
397:
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2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Buttress dams
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1983:2-89052-298-9
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1955:2-89111-829-4
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:2-89111-388-8
1927:
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1718:
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1706:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1673:, p. 194
1672:
1667:
1661:, p. 466
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1627:
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1348:
1342:, p. 206
1341:
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954:Canada portal
944:
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928:
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823:in Montreal.
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689:
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677:
672:
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665:
662:
661:northern pike
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
637:
628:
619:
615:
613:
609:
600:
586:
584:
579:
577:
576:Roland Giroux
573:
568:
566:
562:
559:
555:
554:René Lévesque
551:
547:
543:
538:
530:
522:
513:
509:
507:
503:
502:grout curtain
499:
494:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:In 1959, the
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
402:
393:
391:
387:
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378:
375:
371:
370:hydroelectric
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
323:
317:
313:
311:
307:
301:
298:8 x 199.5 MW
297:
295:
291:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:Power Station
266:
262:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
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177:
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121:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
66:
49:
40:
36:
31:
28:
22:
16:
2053:, retrieved
2049:the original
2044:
2029:, retrieved
2022:Newsmagazine
2021:
2001:
1991:
1973:
1964:
1940:
1921:
1901:, retrieved
1883:
1876:
1865:, retrieved
1860:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1835:Radio-Canada
1834:
1824:
1813:, retrieved
1807:
1800:
1789:, retrieved
1785:the original
1780:
1755:|title=
1737:
1732:
1723:September 2,
1721:, retrieved
1715:
1705:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1666:
1659:Linteau 1989
1654:
1647:Paradis 1967
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:the original
1590:
1579:, retrieved
1575:the original
1570:
1560:
1549:, retrieved
1542:the original
1537:
1510:, retrieved
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1424:
1413:, retrieved
1408:
1395:
1390:, p. 19
1388:Paradis 1967
1383:
1378:, p. 16
1376:Paradis 1967
1371:
1359:
1354:, p. 99
1347:
1335:
1328:Paradis 1967
1323:
1318:, p. 24
1316:Paradis 1967
1311:
1304:Paradis 1967
1299:
1290:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:the original
1251:
1239:
1230:
1209:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1118:, retrieved
1112:
1088:. Retrieved
1061:. Retrieved
1051:
1033:
1029:
1024:
968:Water portal
931:
923:André Caillé
915:Radio-Canada
912:
897:
886:Guided tours
857:
844:ligne claire
842:
825:
805:
795:Henri Vernes
792:
787:
778:
776:
765:
763:
756:
747:water hammer
734:
725:
712:
696:
668:
650:
639:
616:
605:
580:
569:
539:
535:
510:
489:
486:Construction
461:
433:
414:
407:
390:Hydro-Québec
379:
374:power houses
345:
340:
331:
329:
324:(Manic-5-PA)
300:Francis-type
277:Hydro-Québec
148:Hydro-Québec
64:
26:
15:
2045:Aujourd'hui
1965:Manicouagan
1903:October 16,
1699:Vernes 1965
1364:Bolduc 2000
1352:Bolduc 2000
1231:Manicouagan
1175:January 29,
1120:October 16,
849:autographed
784:Georges Dor
780:chansonnier
742:surge tanks
701:Powerhouses
550:Jean Lesage
480:André Coyne
417:North Shore
410:Baie-Comeau
384:, the 20th
362:Baie-Comeau
273:Operator(s)
115: /
91:Coordinates
2067:Categories
2055:August 19,
2031:August 19,
1867:August 18,
1840:August 19,
1815:August 18,
1791:August 18,
1606:October 4,
1581:August 19,
1551:August 19,
1512:August 19,
1485:August 19,
1463:August 19,
1436:August 19,
1415:August 19,
1411:, Montreal
1267:August 19,
1211:August 19,
1149:August 19,
1090:August 19,
1063:August 19,
1044:References
828:cartoonist
799:Bob Morane
692:Lake Huron
657:lake trout
589:Facilities
558:separatist
493:cofferdams
476:Paul Sauvé
457:Outardes-4
453:Outardes-3
449:Outardes-2
396:Background
103:68°43′28″W
100:50°38′48″N
2088:Arch dams
1861:Le Devoir
1687:Le Devoir
1632:April 15,
1506:La Presse
1032:(dam) in
934:Route 389
767:La Presse
738:penstocks
622:Reservoir
544:Premier,
421:Sept-ĂŽles
318:(Manic-5)
302:(Manic-5)
227:Reservoir
67:in Quebec
1746:citation
1567:"Island"
940:See also
813:sidekick
810:Scottish
788:La Manic
730:1,064 MW
722:1,596 MW
718:turbines
294:Turbines
169:Impounds
144:Owner(s)
86:, Canada
76:Location
1432:. PASSC
1030:Barrage
904:lookout
715:Francis
688:Ontario
664:fishing
608:gravity
445:Manic-3
441:Manic-2
437:Manic-1
352:on the
346:Manic-5
232:Creates
1980:
1952:
1928:
1894:
908:picnic
860:soccer
835:Tintin
680:island
644:, the
552:, and
425:a road
366:Quebec
336:French
320:1,064
314:1,596
187:Length
179:Height
84:Quebec
1888:(PDF)
1545:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1205:(PDF)
1198:(PDF)
1016:Notes
876:stamp
839:Snowy
831:Hergé
506:piles
2057:2010
2033:2010
1978:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1905:2010
1892:ISBN
1869:2010
1842:2010
1817:2010
1793:2010
1759:help
1725:2007
1634:2010
1608:2009
1583:2010
1553:2010
1514:2010
1487:2010
1465:2010
1438:2010
1417:2010
1269:2010
1213:2010
1177:2020
1151:2010
1122:2019
1092:2010
1065:2010
659:and
455:and
330:The
139:1970
131:1959
1946:259
694:).
610:or
594:Dam
364:in
350:dam
2069::
2043:,
2024:,
2020:,
1948:,
1859:,
1833:.
1779:,
1767:^
1750::
1748:}}
1744:{{
1714:,
1685:.
1569:,
1536:,
1521:^
1504:,
1407:,
1289:.
1277:^
1221:^
1185:^
1168:.
1129:^
1100:^
1073:^
804:.
770:,
655:,
567:.
466:,
451:,
443:,
439:,
392:.
338::
322:MW
316:MW
82:,
1996:.
1959:.
1844:.
1761:)
1757:(
1636:.
1610:.
1489:.
1467:.
1440:.
1271:.
1215:.
1179:.
1153:.
1094:.
1067:.
1036:.
334:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
